Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本シミュレーション学会  

 Multi-agent systems are often used in evacuation simulation. The agent needs to be modeled to include psychological factors of evacuees. The following behavior, which is one of the major psychological factors, is defined as the behavior to follow other persons when he/she does not know where to evacuate. While the following behavior is known as the risk of inducing wrongly directed evacuation, it may expedite the evacuation by chaining a group of people to a right direction. The effects of following behavior are, however, almost unknown at the city level.<br>  In this paper, the agent model with the following behavior is introduced and evaluated its property at the city level. Also, two models of “path memory” and “follow-up promotion behavior” are proposed as countermeasures against the property of evacuation delaying caused by the following behavior.<br>  Through the evacuation simulation experiments assuming the tsunami disaster, it is shown that evacuation speed depends on the ratio of the agents who know an evacuation spot. Also, we show that “path memory” accelerates the evacuation behavior when few surrounding agents have knowledge on the evacuation spots as well as “follow-up promotion behavior” shows the same tendency when several surrounding agents have the same knowledge.<br>

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/GCCE.2018.8574780

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Other Link： https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/gcce/gcce2018.html#YamazakiKOS18

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Springer New York LLC  

Building evacuation simulation provides us with various knowledge and suggestion before a real disaster happens. To date, however, evacuees were often modeled as homogeneous without individual motivation in a large-scale urban simulation model, which is rather different from real human behavior. In this paper, an evacuation simulation model with human psychological models is developed for urban disaster situation. Three psychological models are actually incorporated: normalcy bias, emotional contagion bias, and sympathy behavior bias. Normalcy bias is the initial evacuation delay caused by a belief that abnormal events rarely happen. Emotional contagion is the effect of one person’s emotional state on the emotional state of people around him/her both explicitly and implicitly. Simulated experimental results show that the proposed model provides accurate evacuation behaviors than the normal behavior model without psychological consideration.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-319-68486-4_3

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

Recently there have been large advances in energy technologies for battery-operated systems, including green energy resources and high capacity batteries. The effective use of battery energy resources in wireless infrastructure networks to improve the versatility and reliability of wireless communications is an important issue. Emerging applications of smart cities, Internet of Things (IoT), and emergency responses highly rely on the basic communication network infrastructures that enable ubiquitous network connections. However, energy consumption by nodes in a wireless infrastructure network depends on the transmissions of other nodes in the network. Considering this inter-dependence is necessary to achieve efficient provision of energy in wireless networks. This paper studies the issue of energy provision for wireless relay nodes in Wireless Multihop Infrastructures (WMI) assuming constraints on the total energy provision. We introduce a scheme of Energy Provision Matching (Matching-EP) for WMI which optimizes energy provision based on matching of energy provision with estimates of differentiated position-dependent energy consumption by wireless nodes distributed in the network. The evaluation results show that Matching-EP with 4%-34% improvement in energy matching degree enables 10%-40% improvement of the network lifetime, and 5%-40% improvement of packet delivery compared with conventional WMI networks.

DOI： 10.3390/en9010045

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

Owing to proliferation of smart phones, communication services such as a video streaming service are common in a mobile situation. For these services, quality evaluation and communication control based on Quality of Experience (QoE), which is the degree of a user's subjective satisfaction, is very important because the final goal of delivering high-quality service is improving user's satisfaction. QoE tends to be affected by several factors including Quality of Service (QoS). Therefore, collecting QoS data from the users who use the mobile application has become one of promising schemes to meet the QoE, which is called the crowd sourcing data. The crowd sourcing data are, however, apt to be affected by sensing errors and low accuracy. In this study, we propose to estimate some densities just from the records of application use and its location information to remove the sensing errors and low accuracy. The Kernel density estimator is used to derive a continuous density function from discrete distributed sample data such as the collected QoS data. From the viewpoint of QoS, it is important to extract high-density fields of the application use to find out QoS degradation. After estimating the Kernel density estimator, we determine the borderline between the high-density field and the other field by using the reference value that can be determined from the observed data. Simulated experiments verify effectiveness of the proposed method.

DOI： 10.1109/APNOMS.2016.7737246

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY  

Facial expression plays an important role as non-verbal information in dialogue communication. People complement verbal information with non-verbal information to hold a smooth conversation. To date, collaboration between information engineering and psychology has enabled development of human facial expression recognition technology. Most of the related studies, however, have ended up with a laboratory-based demonstration. In this paper, focusing on the facial expression database, we overview the facial expression recognition technology. Then we present a simple application using the current status of the facial expression recognition technology. Finally we show prospect of the technology with a more realistic application.

DOI： 10.1145/2708463.2709059

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Other Link： http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/permin/permin2015.html#conf/permin/YamazakiME15

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

We reported on the self-localization of autonomous outdoor mobile robots based on detecting the edge of pavement in camera images. The detecting technique of utilizing the difference in color between the edge and pavement was proposed and verified, to realize edge detection that is not affected by the sunshine condition of pavement in the captured image. The experimental results showed that the self-localization based on the edge of pavement in camera images is useful for outdoor mobile robots.

DOI： 10.1109/SICE.2015.7285572

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

In order to protect fruits, preharvest bagging is usually used for fruit growth including apples, peaches, grapes and pears. Characteristic and performance of the fruit bag used for the preharvest bagging have an important role to improve quality of the fruits. Effects of preharvest bagging have been studied by surveying postharvested fruits. However, studies on the inner-bag environment including temperature and humidity have been hardly studied during fruit growing so far. In this paper, it is proposed to measure temperature and humidity inside different fruit bags to clarify difference of the bags. Targeting at pears 'Le Lectier', a small sensing logger is used to carry out the measurement for three different types of bags. Based on 130 days continuous measurement, the difference of the bags are gured and visualized.

DOI： 10.1109/SICE.2015.7285426

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Both of Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE) are defined to specify the degree of service quality. In some sense, QoE includes subjective evaluation from the users as an extension of QoS. Therefore feedback from QoE to QoS control might realize user-oriented resource allocation in network services. Utility functions are sometimes used to assign a bridging role between QoS and QoE. Although the user characteristic has variety, a single utility function was used in previous studies in most cases. Moreover the QoS control, i.e. the resource allocation, by making use of the utility functions are hardly studied yet. In this paper, multiple user types which have respective utility functions are considered. Respective utility functions are acquired from real experiments. Then a resource allocation method is proposed to reflect each user type satisfaction based on the utility functions. The simple case is studied and the resource allocation method is derived analytically.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

Notion of the user-centered design (UCD) is requisite to improve user satisfaction. Matching the concept of UCD, Quality of Experience (QoE) is expected to become a paradigm shift from the existing operator-initiative network services. There are, however, several difficulties to realize practical communication services based on QoE. One difficulty is how to bridge QoE and Quality of Service (QoS) parameters relevant to system performance. Moreover, since QoE is based on the end-user subjective evaluation, flexible modeling corresponding to the end-user psychological status is needed. In this paper, an interactive Web service is considered and a QoE model with end-user psychological effect is derived by use of the Weber-Fechner law. Data of QoE and QoS parameter are collected through experiments and the mapping functions between QoE and QoS are estimated from the data.

DOI： 10.1109/NOMS.2014.6838398

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

Network providers are nowadays facing with a big question in allocating network resources due to the constantly increasing of Internet services. While the network resource is not unlimited, users always desire the best quality of experience (QoE) with the huge information exchange. Therefore, finding a justice of network resource allocation based on the user experience is mandatory. In previous studies, network resources were allocated to all users by using a specific utility function without considering the user characteristics. In fact, the network resource consumptions are very different among individual users and directly depend on users' behavior. For instance, the network demands of relax users are usually lower than those of busy users. Thus, allocating the same amount of resources to all users might not meet their expectations. In this paper, we propose two bandwidth allocation methods by classifying users into different groups based on their characteristics such as relax, short-time busy, and long-time busy users. To allocate the bandwidth in each group, specific utility functions are applied. By using these methods, the obtained results show that users get the different allocated bandwidth while they still experience the same level of QoE. On the other hand, the allocation considers users' behavior to allocate suitable bandwidth based on the real resource consumption of users. As a result from these analyses, our proposal tends toward a fair allocation as well as an efficient management of the network resources.

DOI： 10.1109/APNOMS.2014.6996518

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Language：English   Publisher：IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG  

DOI： 10.1587/transcom.E96.B.391

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DOI： 10.1587/transcom.E96.B.391

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DOI： 10.1587/transcom.E96.B.391

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Other Link： https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/ieicet/ieicet96b.html#Yamazaki13

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Association for Religious Studies  

DOI： 10.20716/rsjars.87.2_482

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

Both of Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE) are defined to specify the degree of service quality. Although they are dealt with in different layers in multi-layered models, collaboration of these is necessary to improve the user satisfaction for telecommunication services. In this paper, after sorting out the concepts and specification of QoS and QoE, a service quality coordination model combining these is proposed. The model is applied to a video-sharing service and its coordination model is derived based on subjective experiments. The structural equation modeling is used to compute the user satisfaction from QoS and QoE. © 2012 IEEE.

DOI： 10.1109/IWQoS.2012.6245977

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

Supporting the elder people's independent life is needed for the imminent ageing societies. Assistance should be provided from both physical and cognitive aspects. The houses enhanced by use of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) are called smart homes and they proved to be useful for physical assistance for the elder persons. Communication is important to improve elderly people's moods and interactive robots are another promising ICT to provide mental or cognitive support for the elder people. In this paper, effects of the interactive robots are evaluated based on a real-life experiment with a couple of husband and wife in their sixties. The impression of the interactive robots is analyzed based on the score of SD (Semantic Differential) method.

DOI： 10.1109/ICARCV.2012.6485237

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD  

The home network is one of the emerging areas from the last century. However, the growth of the home network market is stationary at present. This paper describes the limitations of the home network system and the requirements for overcoming the current limitations. Also described is a new home network service system known as COWS and its easy installation and scalable operation. COWS consists of power consumption monitor and control devices along with a service server that is a complementary combination of Open Service Gateway initiative (OSGi) and web services. A home network system has a dynamic, heterogeneous, distributed, and scalable topology. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) has been proposed as a solution that satisfies the requirement of a home network, and OSGi and web services are two successful SOA-based frameworks. An included service server has a flexible architecture that consists of a core and extendable service packages. A power consumption monitor and control function provides useful context information for activity-based context-aware services and optimizes the power consumption. The system can be installed easily into existing and new houses to solve the current barrier of the popularization of home network services.

DOI： 10.1142/S0218126611007840

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Home energy networks require the integration of networked sensing with networked control for energy monitoring and management. Shared communication media for sensing and control is easy to be configured but introduces the delay and packet loss. This paper studies the Media Access Control (MAC) layer support of reliable wireless feedback control and flexible sensing in home networks. We discuss the problem of large bandwidth requirement of reliable feedback control in the limited bandwidth of the shared network media. We propose a dynamic bandwidth assignment approach that fits the reliability requirement of feedback control and enables a high bandwidth utilization to solve the problem. The simulation results reveal that FCMA can achieve high bandwidth efficiency with low packet losses. © 2011 IEEE.

DOI： 10.1109/iccw.2011.5963576

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN  

Health management is fundamental to enabling elderly people to 'age in place' in their homes, and health care services can help elderly people to manage their health. The number of elderly people who require such care services is increasing rapidly, causing a parallel rise in the need for expert care providers. One of the solutions to this demand for expert care is an automatic health care system that may be integrated into a residence, but installing and operating such systems can be prohibitively expensive. To solve this issue, a cost-effective activity monitoring based health care system is proposed in this study. The system uses the infrastructure of a smart grid and a home network system in order to reduce the costs of installation and operation.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-642-13778-5_30

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

Home appliances can be connected in a ubiquitous manner by communication networks. In addition to the operation sensing of home appliances, appliance management via sending control messages will be needed. The control operations include power adjustment of home appliances and sampling rate change of a sensing device. It should be noted that control messages differ from sensing data and the former generally require more reliability. In this paper, we study the delay performance of control messages at MAC (Media Access Control) layer in the network with shared communication media. The proposed approach can confine the delay uncertainty of the control messages within a specified tolerant time for respective appliance.

DOI： 10.1109/ICACC.2010.5487149

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

We propose a SNMP-based Computer Resource Usage Monitoring System (CRUMS) to reduce computer power consumption in office environment. This system suggests the efficient method for the power management service included in operating system without complex operation processes or additional devices. To achieve this, the proposed system monitors the information of computer hardware resource usage from each computer connected by office network using SNMP. By considering the resource usage data, the system can minimize not only computer power consumption but inconvenience to users. The result of our experiment shows the value of the system and proves the effectiveness in conserving energy in office environment.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

This paper introduces a basic architecture of BitWatt home system, one target of which is to optimize the energy consumption of home appliances. The Bit-Watt system consists of intelligent home appliances, a home energy server, and hybrid power supplies. We introduce an energy cost model and propose a proactive energy management approach for the home system. The proposed approach applies time-shift operation to home appliances according to the cost of power supplies. We evaluate the performance of energy management by computer simulation. The simulation result reveals that the proposed approach enables the optimization of energy cost in the home system with hybrid power supplies.

DOI： 10.1109/ICCAE.2010.5451519

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

The detection of appliances and their location is important for the efficient management and automatic operation of appliances and their power consumption. In this paper, we describe a simple and robust method of detecting appliances based on their location by using programmable logic devices (PLDs). The results of simulation and implementation are also included.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN  

This paper examines human-robot interaction within a home environment over the Course of a 16 day-long experiment. Its purpose is to describe the human cognitive activities involving a symbiotic robot with dialogue interface within domestic settings. The participants were a couple in their 60's. Analysis of video data indicates that (a) the participants continuously used the robot's dialogue interlace, and persevered within this despite the performance of the voice recognition system (b) the participants checked out the robot's function as a tool and gradually came to regard the robot as a companion, (c) fixed instruction expressions increased the use of the dialogue interface for the light controls, while the participants employed both the dialogue interface and the remote controller for the TV and light controls.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-642-02577-8_37

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

The detection of appliances and their location is important for the efficient management and automatic operation of appliances and their power consumption. In this paper, we describe a simple and robust method of detecting appliances based on their location by using programmable logic devices (PLDs). The results of simulation and implementation are also included. ©2009 IEEE.

DOI： 10.1109/ISCE.2009.5156906

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IEEE COMPUTER SOC  

DOI： 10.1109/MPRV.2008.25

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Language：English   Publisher：IEEE COMPUTER SOC  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN  

In this paper, we propose "Sense cup" as a new design concept of a device for enhancing the digital storytelling by serving interactive five senses convergence experience. We designed the cup for providing holistic sense experiences with beverage that synchronized with digital contents such as movies and music and catch the user reaction to generate interaction between users and contents provider.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-540-89222-9-20

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

Recently, the opportunity to treat images has increased. Most of the images are large, so they are usually compressed with JPEG and MPEG, which is a major compression standard. JPEG and MPEG use DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) for transform. The DCT causes more and more blocky noise as the compression rate is set higher and higher. The images taken in the past axe usually strongly compressed. We propose a method of improving image quality using inverse wavelet transform. The proposed method transforms DCT coefficients into wavelet coefficients, decodes the coefficients by using inverse wavelet transform that selects the basis filters. The edge is protected by setting the threshold and controlling process, and improving image quality is aimed at.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS  

Decreasing greenhouse gas emissions is one of the urgent issues that mankind is facing to. So far energy management systems (EMS) have been installed into a factory environment and good results have been obtained. In this paper, we propose to integrate sensor network systems and EMS to adapt to a heterogeneous home environment and to expand EMS enhanced by information and communication technologies to the level of regional community. Our proposal consists of four phases. A prototype development of the sensor network-based power monitoring and controlling system is presented to prove the effects of the first and second phases. Also two study cases are presented to support the third and forth phases of the proposed system.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

This paper proposes a new server platform for supporting various robotic services that interact with people. Every robot serving people in public spaces need to know: where the person is, what the person is doing, and what is happening at the place. The proposed platform is the first integrated system that can robustly measure, recognize and provide information on human activities and spatial nature in the environment, in a standard way. In the shopping mall experiment, the system is able to track and capture activities of more than 20 people simultaneously in real time. We also describe the result of robotic service experiment utilizing the power of this platform.

DOI： 10.1109/IROS.2008.4651198

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN  

Collecting smart environment experimental data in a real situation and sharing the data are necessary to make the technologies used in the smart environment more practical. We have developed a data analysis tool for the real-life experiment data collected in a smart home environment. The subjects of the 16-day experimental data were a couple of husband and wife in their sixties. The data analysis tool as well as the collected data with the consent of the subjects are open for the purpose of research and development. In this paper, we introduce how the data were collected and the outline of the data analysis tool to promote interdisciplinary research and standardization activities in the field of smart environments.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-540-69916-3_19

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE COMPUTER SOC  

In mobile and ubiquitous computing environments, acquisition of contextual information about a user situation is necessary to provide useful services. Although the definition of user context may change according to the situation or the service used, contextual information about who, where, and when are considered to be essential. We have built a test bed with multiple sensors: floor pressure sensors, RFID (radio frequency identification) tag systems, and cameras, to carry out experiments to detect the positions of users and track their movement. The test bed is described and experimental results are presented. By using the background subtraction method, which is conventional and effective, we found moving objects can be extracted under limited conditions in real time.

DOI： 10.1109/MUE.2007.119

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Springer  

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-540-73035-4

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

After completion of a real-life living space test bed, the Ubiquitous Home, new sensors have been implemented. In this paper, new functions of the Ubiquitous Home and actual sensed data are presented. Since one of the purposes for the Ubiquitous Home is to evaluate the context-aware services in a real-life situation, a case of context-aware service implementation is also presented. For the service implementation, we have developed a network middleware for consumer appliances and sensors named "UKARI-Core". The outline of the UKARI-Core is described briefly.

DOI： 10.1109/TRIDNT.2006.1649162

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE COMPUTER SOC  

Due to progress in wired and wireless home networking, sensor networks, networked appliances, mechanical and control engineering, and computers, we can build smart homes, and many smart home projects are currently proceeding throughout the world. However, we have to be careful not to repeat the same mistake that was made with home automation technologies that were booming in the 1970s. That is, [total?] automation should not be a goal of smart home technologies. I believe the following points are important in construction of smart homes from users' viewpoints: development of interface technologies between humans and systems for detection of human intensions, feelings, and situations; improvement of system knowledge; and extension of human activity support outside homes to the scopes of communities, towns, and cities.

DOI： 10.1109/ICHIT.2006.253633

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：I O S PRESS  

The National Institute of Information and Communications Technology of Japan completed a real-life test bed, called the "Ubiquitous Home," for home context-aware service experiments in 2004. Various kinds of sensors are installed in this test bed to collect residents' behavior data and comprehend their situation. Phyno, a dialogue-based interface robot, intermediates between the the Ubiquitous Home and the residents. Three kinds of context-aware services were implemented: TV program recommendation service, cooking recipe showing service and forgotten-property check service. We have conducted a real-life living experiment with a couple of husband and wife in their sixties to evaluate the context-aware services and Phyno's ability. In this paper, we introduce the Ubiquitous Home and Phyno briefly. After explanation of the implemented context-aware services, the experimental results are presented.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

A home network service middleware called "UKARl-Kernel" has been proposed for distributed and collaborative networked appliances and networked sensors. A home network service can be established by the middleware using distributed function elements on the networked appliances. The middleware uses a service scenario description framework on the basis of BPEL, an XML language to define business processes, to set up the service according to the present situation. In this paper, we describe the overview and of the home network service middleware and its service scenario description. Then implementation of an emulator for the set-vice scenario description framework is reported. It is noted that the proposed description framework can be constructed easily by using the existing toolkits.

DOI： 10.1109/ICAS-ICNS.2005.48

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IOS PRESS  

The National Institute of Information and Communications Technology of Japan completed a real-life test bed, called the "Ubiquitous Home," for home context-aware service experiments in 2004. Various kinds of sensors are installed in this test bed to collect residents' behavior data and comprehend their situation. At the Ubiquitous Home, experimenters can collect real-life data as if living in their own house, not in a laboratory. Variety of actuators and networked appliances are connected to the Ubiquitous Home. "UKARI-Core," a service platform for distributed and cooperative networked appliances, has also been developed to construct home network services using function elements of the networked appliances. The UKARI-Core has its own role-based functional description and function elements are categorized into defined types. One feature of the UKARI-Core is that it can find necessary function elements from plural different networked appliances via network to create a residential service dynamically and in ad hoc way. This paper introduces an overview of the Ubiquitous Home and the UKARI-Core and presents service examples realized at the Ubiquitous Home using the UKARI-Core.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE COMPUTER SOC  

The National Institute of Information and Communications Technology of Japan completed a real-life testbed, called the "ubiquitous home," for home context-aware service experiments in 2004. From the viewpoint of sensor ubiquity, the Ubiquitous Home is superior to other similar testbeds. At the Ubiquitous Home, experimenters can collect real-life data as if living in their own house, not in a laboratory. This paper introduces an overview and detailed sensor arrangement of the Ubiquitous Home. Two cases from several progressing experiments are also presented. The first case is on connecting networked appliances; the second concerns the combination of wearable devices and the Ubiquitous Home sensors to record user behavior

DOI： 10.1109/TRIDNT.2005.37

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Medical Physics  

A flat -panel detector (FPD) is a long awaited technology to implement the digital X-ray imaging technology into the radiological department. This paper describes the state-of-the-art technology and future prospects on the FPD technology.<BR>State -of -the -art technology was reviewed taking the CXD I series as an example. Several FPD-based systems have been introduced into the Japanese market since CXDI-11 opened it in November 1998. Accompanying CXDI-C2 for control, CXDI-22for table position and CXDI-31 for portable, the CXDI series fulfils the requirement of the radiography room being a fully digitalized room.<BR>The FPD on the CXDI series is comprised of a scintillator (Gd<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>S: Tb<SUP>3+</SUP>) as a primary sensor in which the X ray is captured and an amorphous silicon detector (LANMIT) as a secondary sensor in which the fluorescent light is detected. Since the scintillator is identical to that of the screen-film systems, it can be said as proven, durable and chemically stable and it is expected to produce the same image quality as the screen -film systems. CXDI 31, a portable FPD -based system, was developed targeting thinner dimensions, lightweight, durability and high spatial resolution. Thoroughly re-designing the mechanical structure and reducing the power consumption at the readout IC realized thinner dimensions. Introducing the portable note PC technologies successfully combined lightweight with durability. Improving the sensor process and re designing the layout made the sensor high resolution without compromising the signal to - noise ratio.<BR>Future prospects were overviewed in the aspect of technology and applications. Sensitivity, spatial resolution, frame rate and portability were described as the upcoming technology. Increasing gain and reducing noise will realize higher sensitivity, especially by adopting the PbI<SUB>2</SUB>, HgI<SUB>2</SUB> or such photoconductor materials as the primary sensor. Pixelized amplifier will also achieve higher sensitivity. Layered sensor designed such that TFT layer and sensitive layer are constructed separately will decrease the pixel pitch lower than 100μm. The FPD has been applied in radiography, mammography and angiography. It w ill expand the applications into low - dose fluoroscopy to replace the X-ray image intensifiers and into cone - beam computer tomography.<BR>What the FPD brought was mainly the efficient workflow of the X-ray technologist. However, diagnosis efficiency and patient benefit must be improved further more by combining the FPD technology into computer-aided diagnosis, tele-radiography or other IT-based technologies. Such prospects may come true in the near future.

DOI： 10.11323/jjmp2000.22.4_216

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

This paper proposes a reinforcement learning method based on an actor-critic architecture, which can be applied to multiagent competitive games. As an example, we deal with the card game "Hearts." We introduce a method combining an actor-critic learning and model inference of the other agents. A single Hearts game is divided into three stages, and three actors are prepared so that one of them determines actions separately in each stage. In the middle stage, in particular, actions are determined based on expected temporal-difference error. Computer simulation results suggest the importance of the model inference of the other agents.

DOI： 10.1002/scj.10110

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

It is a challenging task to develop a high quality and secure multimedia service for mobile terminals used in the ubiquitous computing environment. One of the issues is the resource limitation of mobile terminals. In this paper, we presented a multimedia service composition scheme for sharing computer and communication resources by using plural terminals to compensate for this resource limitation. The proposed scheme is based on user authentication, service access control, and the multi-agent-based adaptive Quality-of-Service (QoS) control framework that we developed. We also proposed a novel access mode control based on the trustworthiness of users and extension of the multi-agent-based adaptive QoS control framework to plural users. Focusing on the home network as a typical ubiquitous network, we implemented a prototype testbed system and showed experimental results for the multimedia service composition. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1006/jnca.2002.0140

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers  

Distributing multimedia data to edge servers prevents concentration of access, so that end-users are provided high-quality multimedia services. The CCS (Communication Coordination Server) that we propose is a kind of edge server and provides QoS (Quality of Service) transform by a transcoding technique. We propose a new communication service coordination scheme for the CCS by content processing according to user's requirement or purpose.

DOI： 10.11485/itetr.26.13.0_25

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.  

This paper describes a method for activating conversational interaction in virtual communities. Our method supplies information proactively to promote utterances of participants. The notion of subjective usefulness of information is introduced to guide conversation effectively so that the participants can obtain or exchange useful information. We implemented an agent that employs our method and conducted the experiments to verify validity of our method. As a result, we found that our method was able to activate conversational interaction and assist participants in obtaining or exchanging useful information.

DOI： 10.1109/KMN.2002.1115180

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SCRIPTA TECHNICA-JOHN WILEY & SONS  

With the improvement of speed in personal computers and workstations for communication networks and communication terminals, various applications have been emerging in recent years based on multimedia communications, including stream-type media. In these communication applications, there must be a framework by which the QoS of its stream is determined and adjusted to meet its own purposes according to the user's request and the situation of the terminal and the network. When such an adaptive QoS control mechanism is built in an individual communi cation application, however, the communication application will become complicated. It is thus desirable that the adaptive QoS control mechanism should be realized as a common basis for various communication applications. This paper proposes a framework to realize an adaptive QoS control mechanism that can serve as the common basis for various communication applications, based on direct or indirect collaboration by multiple agents. The proposed framework is implemented and its operation is verified. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE COMPUTER SOC  

It is a challenging task to develop a high quality and secure multimedia service for mobile terminals used in the ubiquitous computing environment. One of the issues is the resource limitation of mobile terminals. In this paper, we presented a multimedia service composition scheme for sharing computer and communication resources by using plural terminals to compensate for this resource limitation. The proposed scheme is based on user authentication, service access control, and the multiagent-based adaptive QoS control framework that we developed We also proposed a novel access mode control based on the trustworthiness of users and extension of the multi-agent-based adaptive QoS control framework to plural users. Focusing on the home network as a typical ubiquitous network, we implemented a prototype testbed system and showed experimental results for the multimedia service composition.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：ASSOC INTELLIGENT MACHINERY  

In this paper, a QoS adjustment scheme is proposed for real-time video transmission applications which deal with heterogeneous receivers. The heterogeneity of the receivers includes the performance difference of user terminals and networks as well as the difference of the user requirements for multimedia services. The proposed scheme considers the user's respective communication environments and calculates a feasible QoS for each user to utilize the system resources like CPU powers or network bandwidths efficiently. The proposed scheme is implemented in a proxy server, which intermediates between a video server and a group of receivers.

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Other Link： https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/ieiceta/ieiceta85.html#Yamazaki02

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG  

In recent years, the concept of Quality of Service (QoS) has gained attention in thc network research community and its extension towards delivering QoS level assurance to sensitive applications has generally been agreed to be crucial for the longevity and usability of the Internet On the Internet, the Differentiated Services (DiffServ) architecture is a general framework for the differentiated treatment of traffic aggregates in the core network. However, DiffServ does not extend to end-to-end QoS assurance, In this paper, we propose a simple. resource-brokering scheme, operating over a hierarchically connected internetwork of administratively-independent DiffServ-capable domains that is a simplified model of the Internet. The proposed asynchronous, multi-agent resource-brokering scheme operates locally but avoids conflicts globally. In this way, the traffic control reflects the underlying structure of the internetwork, introduces only a localized complexity thus scaling up well, and permits independent policies between the interconnected domains.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers  

A real-time MPEG-4 video transmission system is used to conduct subjective video quality measurements. In the measurements, three video QoS(Quality of Service)parameters, that is, the frame size, frame rate, and quantization scale change, then the double stimulus continuous quality scale method is used to obtain the subjective test scores from the testees. This report provides the experimental results and discusses on the correlation between the QoS parameters and the user assessment, which might be useful for user-adaptive QoS control in video streaming service.

DOI： 10.11485/itetr.25.17.0_23

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE Computer Society  

A real-time MPEG-4 video transmission system is used to conduct subjective video quality measurements. In the measurements, three video QoS (Quality of Service) parameters, that is, the frame size, frame rate, and quantization scale change, then the double stimulus continuous quality scale method is used to obtain the subjective test scores from the subjects. This report provides the experimental results and discusses on the correlation between the QoS parameters and the user assessment, which might be useful for user-adaptive QoS control in video streaming service.

DOI： 10.1109/ICME.2001.1237740

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE Computer Society  

In this paper, we introduce a conversation support agent called Zinger. Zinger acquires the current interest of a participant, identifies a partner who has a similar interest, and recommends several topics related to the interest. This recommendation is expected to help the participant establish common ground in conversing with the partner. The participant can get valuable information with a successful conversation. Experimental results show that Zinger could promote utterances of 35% subjects. In addition, factors affecting the participant's utterances are examined by multiple regression analysis. The results suggest that providing helpful information and appropriate presentations can contribute to better utterances.

DOI： 10.1109/ICME.2001.1237750

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：ACM  

DOI： 10.1145/375735.375856

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Other Link： http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/agents/agents2001.html#conf/agents/MatsunoYIM01

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers  

A deta-driven segmentation algorithm based on a multi-dimensional histogram is proposed for color images. An image is observed as a mixture of multi-variate data, but the number of clusters in the mixture is generally unknown. The proposed algorithm determines the width of a histogram to use and then obtains the number of clusters according to the observed multivariate data. Next, the statistics for each cluster are computed, since this is a requisite for clustering all of the other elements. The proposed clustering method can be applied to various kinds of images, because it is not restricted by an image model used in model-based approaches. The effectiveness of the algorithm is evaluated by computer simulation, and the algorithm is applied to real color image clustering.

DOI： 10.11485/itetr.24.50.0_9

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：ASSOC INTELLIGENT MACHINERY  

In heterogeneous communication environments of wired and wireless networks, gaps in network and terminal performance bring about QoS (Quality of Service) differences. In addition, individual user's QoS requirement changes according to his/her communication situation. We have developed an agent-based adaptive QoS management framework called MARM (Multi-Agent Resource Management) to satisfy the user's requirement in consideration of usable network and terminal resources. In this paper we present a proxy server called CCS (Communication Coordination Server) to intermediate among sender/receiver terminals and to compensate the QoS differences. The CCS is equipped with QoS transformation and error resilience control functions. The CCS is useful to mitigate the complex QoS negotiation in the MARM framework, and facilitates multicasting of media streams in heterogeneous environments.

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE Computer Society  

DOI： 10.1109/ICPP.1999.797426

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

It is important for distributed multimedia applications to assure end-to-end QoS of media streams. Moreover, the end-to-end QoS needs to be managed adaptively according to fluctuation of system states and variation of user requests. In this paper, a model of adaptive QoS management platform for distributed multimedia applications is proposed. In this model, the adaptive QoS management is achieved by direct and indirect cooperation of layered multi-agents. By using the layered multi-agents system, the proposed QoS management platform can flexibly adapt to user's QoS requirements and large variation of system states, and can quickly adapt to small fluctuation of system states, simultaneously.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN  

For distributed multimedia applications, adaptive QoS management mechanisms need to be developed to guarantee various end-to-end QoS requirements. In this paper, we propose an adaptive QoS management framework based on multi-agent systems. Adaptation to system resource changes and various user requirements is achieved by the direct or indirect collaboration of agents in the respective phases. In the flow establishment and re-negotiation phase, application agents determine the optimal resource allocation through QoS negotiations to maximize the total users' utility. In the media-transfer phase, stream agents collaborate to adjust each stream QoS reactively. In addition, personal agents help novice users specify stream QoS without any a priori knowledge on QoS. Some multimedia applications have been designed based on the proposed framework.

DOI： 10.1007/3-540-48109-5_30

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Society of Radiological Technology  

DOI： 10.6009/jjrt.KJ00001356709

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：電子情報通信学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：電子情報通信学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：電子情報通信学会  

DOI： 10.1109/ISCAS.2019.8702202

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：電子情報通信学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers  

近年，動画像配信サービスに対してユーザが主観的に評価する品質指標であるユーザ体感品質（QoE: Quality of Experience）が重要になっている．動画像品質に影響する要因としては，解像度やフレームレートなどが知られている．動画像配信サービスでは，一般的にトラヒック量を削減するために解像度を低下させるが，それによりQoE評価の低減を引き起こすことが明らかになっている．先行研究として，色情報に着目しトラヒック量が一定の条件下で，解像度または色情報を低下させた動画像に対して評価実験が行われている．本稿では，実験結果から得られたQoE評価がジャンルによって差異があり，その原因が画像特徴である動きと文字にあることに注目した．さらに，ジャンルごとに動きと文字の定量的な分析を行うことで，QoE評価の差異が動きと文字の認識の容易性に関係していることを明らかにした．

DOI： 10.3169/itej.71.J199

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：電子情報通信学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：電子情報通信学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：電気学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：電子情報通信学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

Smart phones and PC tablets have become popular as a mobile device, because they are light and equipped with long-life batteries. Usage of the mobile device is closely linked to user&#039;s life pattern, therefore service requirements that the mobile device provides are different from each user. Moreover, since the mobile device manages various types of information about the user, it has a role of the user&#039;s &quot;concierge&quot; or &quot;secretary&quot;. In this study, we aim to analyze user&#039;s life pattern in his/her mobile device focused on application usage installed in the mobile device. This token it is expected to offer the context-aware services that adapt to user&#039;s life pattern. Firstly, an application is developed to monitor the applications usage for Android OS. Then a real-life experiment is conducted to measure the applications usage for 18 days. Lastly, these monitoring data are categorized into two classes &quot;daily usage&quot; and &quot;non-daily usage&quot; and a method is proposed to predict the next day usage using the available &quot;daily usage&quot; data. The prediction error diminishes compared with the prediction without the categorization and it may be possible to provide real-time adaptive context-aware services based on the proposed method.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In recent years, remote control operation robots have been studied, and, as such, must be expected that an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) should be used in various situations. We proposed an interface system to operate the UAV using movement of the human body. This study aims to construct the interface system that is capable of reducing the physical workload or increasing the work efficiency. In this technical report, we implemented the system sending the command to the UAV. The system generated the command when it obtained the data on human movement from Kinect. Especially, we focused on two operations to the UAV, by the right hand, and by the face recognition using Kinect. The latter case has not yet be implemented in the system, and it will be one of the future works.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers  

Not only verbal information but also non-verbal information plays an important role for impression formation at human-to-human communication. In this work, taking the facial region movement as non-verbal information, we study the relationship among them. DSCQS (Double Stimulus Continuous Quality Scale) method is used as the subjective experiments. Nose regions are easily processed and horizontal and vertical movements of the nose are detected. Finally, a positive co-relation is detected between DSCQS evaluation and the facial vertical movement.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this paper, we propose a new communication service which strengthens a physical relation by sharing user&#039;s mental status using a short-range wireless communication. Recently, Social Networking Services are becoming popular, which just construct human relations mainly in a cyber-world. In addition, human relations are becoming weaker than before because some causes in a real world. Consequently a gap brings forth between the cyber-world and the real world. The proposed service is designed to fill in the gap. By the service, user&#039;s mental status is shared by other users around using by the short-range wireless communication such as Bluetooth. As a result, the users can create new human relations or strengthen up the existing human relations. In this paper, the network architecture and the message flow are described for the proposed service and a service implementation is also presented.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人電子情報通信学会  

The Seventh International Conference on Communication Theory, Reliability, and Quality of Service (CTRQ2014) was held on February, 2014. The series of CTRQ conferences, which are held mainly in Europe, are not large in scale, but had collected the papers related with Quality of Service etc. This report brings the ideas regarding the status of the series of CTRQ conferences from the viewpoint of an attendant at CTRQ2014.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

The Seventh International Conference on Communication Theory, Reliability, and Quality of Service (CTRQ2014) was held on February, 2014. The series of CTRQ conferences, which are held mainly in Europe, are not large in scale, but had collected the papers related with Quality of Service etc. This report brings the ideas regarding the status of the series of CTRQ conferences from the viewpoint of an attendant at CTRQ2014.

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Language：Japanese  

ユーザ体感品質（QoE: Quality of Experience）は，ユーザが主観的に知覚するネットワーク品質の評価概念であるため，遅延時間，パケット損失率，帯域といったサービス品質（QoS: Quality of Service）が等しい状況下でも，ユーザが置かれた状況によりQoE評価は異なる．すなわちQoEは状況依存性を持つ．したがって同一ユーザ群の中でもQoEは同じQoSレベルに対して，状況に応じて異なる評価を持ち，QoE評価のとりうる幅，すなわちQoE評価レンジを形成すると想定される．従来研究としてQoEの状況依存性を扱ったものはあるが，QoE評価レンジについては明らかにされていない．本研究では，同一の被験者群に対し，3つの異なる環境下においてWeb画面の表示待ち時間を変化させた場合の主観評価実験を実施した．そして外的な環境要因に影響を受けた被験者の心理状態により，同じQoSレベルに対して，同一の被験者群が異なるQoE評価を行い，QoE評価レンジをモデル化した．Quality of Experience (QoE) is a concept of evaluation for the network service quality that users feel subjectively. Therefore the QoE evaluation by a group of users would be different according to the situation they experience even under the same Quality of Service (QoS) condition. It means that the QoE value has an evaluation range, that is there is the situation dependency of QoE evaluation. In this paper, we design an experiment in which a group of respondents experience imposed delay for page transition time of a web application under three different situations. Using the experimental results, we are modeling the evaluation range of QoE value for the same respondent group reflecting its situation dependency.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

Nowadays, the information and communication technology (ICT) comes in the utilization phase as a mature technology in various fields after passing through the research and development phase as a fundamental technology. Therefore its utilization in a social system seems to become important more and more hereafter. The author thinks that the matters of service quality should be argued for real services in human ordinary lives extensively. In fact, improvement of service quality has been studied for a supportive service of saving energies in home electric systems as an example. In this paper, supportive services by ICT for agriculture are treated as another real service in human ordinary lives. Recently movement of &quot;sixth-order industry&quot; becomes popular here and there in Japan, which is Japanese government policy of encouraging agricultural producers to branch out into processing and distribution and so forth. It is just a beginning and the agricultural producers feel their way around the dark with using new technologies including ICT for &quot;sixth-order industry&quot;. Even so, concrete cases of evaluating ICT at a real agricultural field are increasing. By investigating service quality factors in agricultural services from these cases, possibility of improvement of agricultural service quality is discussed.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

Multi-sensory communication services, which transmit the senses of tactile, gustatory, and/or smell as well as audio and/or visual information are greatly expected to be realized. It is desired that multi-sensory communication services are provided with a level of service quality or over in order to make the normal life of people more wealthy. In the panel discussion, we discuss on the present problems, necessary R&amp;D themes, business model construction, etc targetmg at realizmg these services as an info-communication social infrastructure of the new generation.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

Because of R&amp;D innovation and advent of new business models, the service area covered by information and communication technologies (ICT) is widening. For instance, these are video communication via mobile terminals, various application provision by cloud computing technologies, tele-communication services realized with perceptional media as well as audio and video information, and so on. Also, by learning a lesson from the Great East Japan Earthquake that is an unprecedented terrible tragedy on March 11, 2011, people have started to reconsider what the ICT-based services should be. It is important to marshal the arguments on what the quality of those various and diversified services should be on this opportunity. This paper overviews the status of diversified ICT-based services and describes the research trends on service quality from the viewpoint of end-users.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人電子情報通信学会  

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コミュニケーションにおいて，言葉以外の非言語情報が担う役割は大きく，特に 「表情は意思伝達の手段である」 と言われるほど，顔表情の認識は円滑なコミュニケーションに不可欠である．Human Computer Interface への応用を目指し，顔表情認識を行うためのシステム開発を行う．問題を簡単にするために，6 つのカテゴリーに分けられた基本感情を対象にし，顔の皮膚の変化量をオプティカルフローベクトルとして抽出し，決定木により一致する感情のクラスの推定を行う．本研究は日本とインドの共同プロジェクトであり，双方の民族間の共通点や相違点を見出すことも目的としている．Non-verbal information, in addition to verbal information, takes an important role in communication. Particularly facial expression recognition is indispensable for smooth communication, since it is said that a facial expression is a way of mental communication. Aiming at application to Human Computer Interface, a facial expression recognition system is developed. In order to make the problem of facial expression recognition tractable, the emotions to be recognized are limited to six basic facial emotions: happiness, sad, fear, anger, disgust and surprise. The basic facial emotions are estimated by using a method of decision tree after extracting deformation of facial skin as optical flow vectors. Since this research is conducted as a collaborative project between Japan and India, it is expected that common and different features between two nationalities are extracted.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人電子情報通信学会  

Non-verbal information, in addition to verbal information, takes an important role in communication. Particularly facial expression recognition is indispensable for smooth communication, since it is said that a facial expression is a way of mental communication. Generally emotions are categorized in six and we call them six basic facial expressions hereunder. It is significant for future international communication to clarify common and different points among nations and regions for emission of the six basic facial expressions. Moreover the clarified knowledge is considered to be useful for realization of Human Computer Interface which is adaptable to different country and region. By sharing these backgrounds as motivation, a cooperative project has been organized between Japan and India. This report describes the project activities of facial expression database construction and facial expression recognition algorithms.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人電子情報通信学会  

With the rapid increase of various digital contents over the Internet, the demand to design and build more user friendly environment considering user&#039;s preferences. As a key of user&#039;s preferences, we focused on facial expression during content viewing and did analysis of facial feature points movements. Based on the results, we implemented facial feature analysis algorithms, such as using Haar-like features and particle filters.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this paper, we conduct modeling of the influence that the situation factor of the user gives QoE (Quality of Experience) evaluation. We carried out the subjective evaluation test in which the same subjects experience under delay on three different situations in the screen transition time of the browser. The obtained results show that, if the users are in the different situations, they have different QoE evaluation scale even under the same QoS (Quality of Service). Thus, we believe that this paper can simulate variety of telecommunications service aimed for the improvement of the convenience of the user.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

For energy conservation in office environments, both are needed: optimal operation of total building energy management systems and efficient management of power consumption for individual apparatus including personal computers (PCs). We propose a SNMP-based computer resource usage and power consumption management system in office environments. SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is usually used for monitoring and management for network apparatus. Moreover, a feedback mechanism is proposed to send back a message of suitable PC usage status to the user based on the collected data. It is expected that the user can reduce power consumption with keeping satisfying PC usage. The proposed system is introduced in a real office environment and the experiment result shows the value of the system and proves that thc system is effective in conserving energy in officc environment.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人電子情報通信学会  

For energy conservation in office environments, both are needed: optimal operation of total building energy management systems and efficient management of power consumption for individual apparatus including personal computers (PCs). We propose a SNMP-based computer resource usage and power consumption management system in office environments. SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is usually used for monitoring and management for network apparatus. Moreover, a feedback mechanism is proposed to send back a message of suitable PC usage status to the user based on the collected data. It is expected that the user can reduce power consumption with keeping satisfying PC usage. The proposed system is introduced in a real office environment and the experiment result shows the value of the system and proves that thc system is effective in conserving energy in officc environment.

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Language：English   Publisher：IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC  

Providing Feedback of power consumption by using Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) and smart meters is considered the best method to lower consumers' power consumption. 1 Automatic analysis of power consumption data that provides information on user activity is essential in order to provide effective feedback in time, and advanced services such as automatic power load control based on context information. The activity should be matched with user's behavior in order to make it understandable for the user and readable for the machine. In this paper, a new method for extracting activities from power consumption data is proposed. By using the concept of activities in daily living (ADLs), the method extracts the activities as tasks from context information such as identification and location of electric appliances and temporal power consumption from the AMI and the smart meters. Using ontology, the tasks are tagged by semantic meta-information in order to be used for sophisticated user friendly services.

DOI： 10.1109/TCE.2010.5606359

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Language：English   Publisher：IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC  

Providing Feedback of power consumption by using Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) and smart meters is considered the best method to lower consumers' power consumption. 1 Automatic analysis of power consumption data that provides information on user activity is essential in order to provide effective feedback in time, and advanced services such as automatic power load control based on context information. The activity should be matched with user's behavior in order to make it understandable for the user and readable for the machine. In this paper, a new method for extracting activities from power consumption data is proposed. By using the concept of activities in daily living (ADLs), the method extracts the activities as tasks from context information such as identification and location of electric appliances and temporal power consumption from the AMI and the smart meters. Using ontology, the tasks are tagged by semantic meta-information in order to be used for sophisticated user friendly services.

DOI： 10.1109/TCE.2010.5606359

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：情報処理学会  

ネットワークを用いたセンシングと制御を統合することで，家庭内エネルギーモニタリング・マネジメントを含む広い範囲のアプリケーションが可能となる．しかしながら，センシングと制御のためにネットワークメディアを共有することは，遅延やパケットロスの原因となる．本論文では，家庭内ネットワークにおけるセンシングと制御のため，メディアアクセス制御 (MAC) 層での信頼性無線フィードバックを扱う．ホームネットワークでのフィードバックは収集される多量のセンシングデータと関連することを前提に，信頼性フィードバック制御に必要とされる大容量の帯域要求と，共有ネットワークメディアでの限られた帯域の間で生じる矛盾によりもたらされる問題について議論する．そして，信頼性フィードバック制御要求に適した動的帯域割当方式を提案し，帯域利用効率を高めることで問題解決を行う．Integration of networked sensing and networked control leads to wide applications including home energy monitoring and management. Using shared network media for sensing and control introduces the delay and packet loss. This paper studies the Media Access Control (MAC) layer support of reliable wireless feedback for the sensing and control in home networks. Bearing in mind that the networked feedback in home network is associated with the collected large amount of sensing data, we discuss the problem caused by the contradiction between large bandwidth requirement of reliable feedback control and the limited bandwidth in the shared network media. We propose a dynamic bandwidth assignment approach that fits the reliability requirement of feedback control and enables a high bandwidth utilization to solve the problem.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

Technical Committee on Communication Quality (the CQ Committee) started in 1996 and it is in action of its 15th year as of this report writing. During the past 14 years, circumstances around the area of information and communication changed much like spread of broadband communication, popularization of new info-communication terminals such as cellular phones and smart phones, advent of various info-communication services and so on. It is interesting and necessary for consideration of the CQ Committee&#039;s future direction to analyze the past activities of the CQ Committee and to compare them with the circumstances. Accordingly this paper reports analysis results of the technical reports&#039; titles that appeared in the technical meetings organized by the CQ Committee for these 14 years. The analysis is based on a method of text mining and reveals the important key words which have a large occurrence count and change of the key words year by year.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人電子情報通信学会  

Since environmental issues including climate change have been receiving much attention as one of the global issues, several works are progressing regarding with monitoring and visualization services of electric power consumption in home. It is, however, unclear how much these services are effective or how much these services agree with user requirements. Therefore we carried out experiments of home power monitoring service in four real homes, in which power consumption of consumer appliances were measured and visualized for residents. Through these experiments, reduced power amount was measured and user feedback was collected by means of questionnaires. This paper reports effectiveness of the monitoring and visualization service as well as expectation of actual users for the services.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人電子情報通信学会  

本研究では,ユーザ体感品質(QoE:Quality of Experience)の評価関数検討に資するため,代表的な動画サイトであるYouTubeを利用した主観評価実験を行い,サービス品質(QoS:Quality of Service)パラメータである遅延条件と個人の嗜好であるコンテンツに対する選好が,インターネットサービス品質の満足度に与える影響を,共分散構造分析を用いモデル化する.主要な成果は以下にまとめられる.(1)QoS以外の要因であるコンテンツに対する選好が,QoEの評価に有意に影響を与えることが検証された.(2)各要因の影響力が異なるセグメント別QoEモデルの構築により,QoE評価の多様性が検証された.

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Language：English   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

A number of home appliances can be connected in a ubiquitous manner. Appliance management by control messages will be needed. The control includes adjustment of appliance operation modes, changing of power modes and adjustment of sampling rate of a sensing device. It should be noted that control messages differs from sensing data and the former generally require more reliability. In this paper, we study the delay performance of control message at MAC (Media Access Control) layer in the network with shared communication media. The proposed approach can confine the delay uncertainty of the control message within a specified tolerant time for respective appliance.

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Language：English   Publisher：IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC  

Recently, energy management has become one of the emerging services in the area of residential network service. A smart meter is the most essential component of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) that connects the home energy management system of individual residences and a smart grid that optimizes the production, distribution, and consumption of electric power. Power strip hype smart meters can be used to not only monitor but also control the electric power consumption at individual power outlet ports in the power outlet directly. They can be used to control and effectively reduce standby power consumption by the application of the direct power supply control. A smart multi-power top (SMPT) is an advanced multi-outlet power strip type smart meter that provides important contextual information such as the identity and location of electric home appliances on the basis of the temporal power consumption data and the control of power supply to the appliances. However, the SMPT cannot be used to determine the location of appliances when the connections among SMPTs form a tree structure. In this study, we develop a mathematical model of cascade connections among SMPTs and propose a solution fir obtaining the location information of the tree structure. The proposed method helps realize real applications of the SMPT for providing activity-based context-aware home network services and energy management services.

DOI： 10.1109/TCE.2009.5373804

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Language：English   Publisher：IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC  

Recently, energy management has become one of the emerging services in the area of residential network service. A smart meter is the most essential component of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) that connects the home energy management system of individual residences and a smart grid that optimizes the production, distribution, and consumption of electric power. Power strip hype smart meters can be used to not only monitor but also control the electric power consumption at individual power outlet ports in the power outlet directly. They can be used to control and effectively reduce standby power consumption by the application of the direct power supply control. A smart multi-power top (SMPT) is an advanced multi-outlet power strip type smart meter that provides important contextual information such as the identity and location of electric home appliances on the basis of the temporal power consumption data and the control of power supply to the appliances. However, the SMPT cannot be used to determine the location of appliances when the connections among SMPTs form a tree structure. In this study, we develop a mathematical model of cascade connections among SMPTs and propose a solution fir obtaining the location information of the tree structure. The proposed method helps realize real applications of the SMPT for providing activity-based context-aware home network services and energy management services.

DOI： 10.1109/TCE.2009.5373804

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Language：English   Publisher：IEEE COMPUTER SOC  

DOI： 10.1109/MPRV.2009.34

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Language：English   Publisher：IEEE COMPUTER SOC  

DOI： 10.1109/MPRV.2009.34

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Information Processing Society of Japan (IPSJ)  

This paper presents a visualization and control system for electrical power consumption of consumer appliances. The proposed system identifies home appliances based on their consumed electrical power and visualizes the appliances and consumption. The system consists of Smart-tap which is an embedded outlet, Home Server and Interaction Devices. The power consumption and status of the appliances are visualized through 3D virtual environments and provided to the user. The user can control the appliances by interacting with the visualized 3D environments. The system has been demonstrated to public through an open-house event and it has been found that the system can help a user to understand the appliance status and control the appliances by the interactive controller.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

We are developing a novel home energy management system based on combination of power and communications home network. It aims to analyze user&#039;s behavior by power-sensing network and provide various life-support services that manage power and electric appliances according to the user&#039;s behavior and his/her taste. This paper describes an electoric appliance recognition method from power-sensing data measured by &#039;SmartTap&#039; (intelligent outlet with voltage/current sensor) to combine legacy appliances (which have no ability for the communications network) with the home-network. Furthermore, we show a prototype system of home energy management system and examples of services based on appliance recognition.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人 人工知能学会  

&lt;p&gt;我々は，システム側から積極的に気の利いた情報を気の利いたタイミングで提示するプロアクティブな対話が可能な観光案内システムの試作を行っている．そして，そのような対話の実現のため，Active Appearance Model を用いて，画像からの顔パーツ認識による顔向き認識を行っている．本稿では，さらにその情報を利用して頷き・首振り等の頭部動作を認識するアルゴリズムを開発・実装したので報告する．&lt;/p&gt;

DOI： 10.11517/pjsai.jsai2009.0_1d2os67

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Language：English   Publisher：SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN  

We are developing a novel home network system based upon the integration of information and energy. The system aims to analyze user behavior with a power-sensing network and provide various life-support services to manage power and electric appliances according to user behavior and preferences. This paper describes an electric appliance recognition method using power-sensing data measured by CECU (Communication and Energy Care Unit) which is an intelligent outlet with voltage and current sensors to integrate legacy appliances (which are incompatible with a communications network) with the home network. Furthermore; we demonstrate a prototype home energy management system and examples of services based upon appliance recognition.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-642-02868-7_19

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Other Link： https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/icost/icost2009.html#KatoCLTY09

Language：English   Publisher：SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN  

We are developing a novel home network system based upon the integration of information and energy. The system aims to analyze user behavior with a power-sensing network and provide various life-support services to manage power and electric appliances according to user behavior and preferences. This paper describes an electric appliance recognition method using power-sensing data measured by CECU (Communication and Energy Care Unit) which is an intelligent outlet with voltage and current sensors to integrate legacy appliances (which are incompatible with a communications network) with the home network. Furthermore; we demonstrate a prototype home energy management system and examples of services based upon appliance recognition.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人電子情報通信学会  

An integrated system of info-communication and energy networks is proposed. The system assigns energy to used appliances appropriately based on the information that is collected, processed and managed by the info-communication and energy networks. In particular, the integrated system is supposed to be applied to home. In home, people have to grapple with consumed energy reduce more proactively and need to live within the upper limit of energy consumption imposed by themselves because of the global issue of climate change. The proposed system collects people&#039;s life patterns and manages their energy consumption based on the patterns not to deteriorate their quality of life with keeping the upper limit of energy consumption.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers  

An integrated system of info-communication and energy networks is proposed. The system assigns energy to used appliances appropriately based on the information that is collected, processed and managed by the info-communication and energy networks. In particular, the integrated system is supposed to be applied to home. In home, people have to grapple with consumed energy reduce more proactively and need to live within the upper limit of energy consumption imposed by themselves because of the global issue of climate change. The proposed system collects people's life patterns and manages their energy consumption based on the patterns not to deteriorate their quality of life with keeping the upper limit of energy consumption.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人電子情報通信学会  

An integrated system of info-communication and energy networks is proposed. The system assigns energy to used appliances appropriately based on the information that is collected, processed and managed by the info-communication and energy networks. In particular, the integrated system is supposed to be applied to home. In home, people have to grapple with consumed energy reduce more proactively and need to live within the upper limit of energy consumption imposed by themselves because of the global issue of climate change. The proposed system collects people&#039;s life patterns and manages their energy consumption based on the patterns not to deteriorate their quality of life with keeping the upper limit of energy consumption.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Robotics Society of Japan  

DOI： 10.7210/jrsj.26.427

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this paper, we conduct an empirical study to clarify the comprehensive QoE structure considering delay condition and content preference. The subjective evaluation experiments were done by using YouTube&#039;s video contents with a network emulator that added delay to data packets. The obtained results show that users are classified into three segments by sensitivity to waiting time. The relation between QoS and content preference is also shown by using structural equation models. Thus, we believe that this paper offers a quantitative example for QoE discussion.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：ヒュ-マンインタフェ-ス学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

技術の進展により情報通信サービスが日進月歩に変化し,情報にアクセスするための時間的,場所的あるいは手段の制約が緩和され,ユーザの選択肢が広がってきている.このようなユーザが様々な手段,媒体を通じて,いつでもどこからでも情報をやり取りできるような来るべき次世代ネットワークの時代には,情報通信サービスの品質に対する考え方も拡張される必要があると考えられる.サービス品質の良し悪しは最終的にユーザの実感に依存しているので,将来のユーザ環境の変化にフォーカスを当てて,次世代ネットワーク時代のサービス品質の将来像を考察する.

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Language：English   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

There were many researches for measuring and controlling the power to provide services in home, but all previous researches used On/Off breaker to control the power. Therefore, the provided services were also restrictive. We propose PowerNet, advanced power management sensor network. PowerNet consists of PowerNet Module and PowerNet Manager. PowerNet Module has three functions; measuring the power consumption rate, continuously controlling the supplying power and communicating with other modules by ZigBee. PowerNet Manager gathers the power consumption data, extracts context and provides the service for safety and saving energy. We show experimental results of PowerNet in a real environment.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

Targeting at integrating an information network with a power network in home environment, we propose a novel power sensor network consisting of four development phases. In the first phase, a sensor networking module is attached to each electrical appliance and power consumption data are collected via the module. By analyzing the collected data, we extract behavior patterns of residents that can be utilized for user consultation of the realization of safe, economical, and comfortable life. In the second phase, the appliance control function is added to the sensor networking module in order to control electricity consumption of the appliances via network. Consequently, it makes life economical by averaging power consumption. The third phase aims at a total power management system by connecting networked appliances including power generators and batteries through home network. Finally, in the forth phase, a regional community power management system that enables us to trade power reciprocally will be deployed by connecting each power management system in home. As the result, a efficient and disaster-resistant social infrastructure will be realized on the basis of super distributed power network.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Intelligent Informatics  

The purpose of this paper is to investigate people&#039;s efforts toward a dialogue interface of robots with video analysis method. In order to examine the communication within a real home environment, we analyzed a video of life experiment over the course of 16-day-long. Subjects were a couple in their sixties. For 24 hours, subjects&#039; life were recorded with camera and microphone. As a result, it is found that subjects patiently and continuously used the robot&#039;s dialogue interface for 16 days. It is indicated that the factor promoting dialogue communication is related to (a) the existence of a remote control, (b) the variety of vocabulary, and (c) the positive evaluations / emotions for the robot itself.

DOI： 10.14864/fss.24.0.125.0

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Language：English   Publisher：SLOVAK ACAD SCIENCES INST INFORMATICS  

In mobile and ubiquitous computing environments, acquisition of contextual information about a user Situation is necessary to provide useful services. Although the definition of user context may change according to the situation or the service used, contextual information about who, where, and when are considered to be essential. We have built a test bed with multiple sensors: floor pressure sensors, RFID (radio frequency identification) tag systems, and cameras, to carry out experiments to detect the positions of users and track their movement. The conventional background subtraction method by using cameras was used for moving object detection and tracking. In this paper, we propose knowledge application and parameter adaptation in the background Subtraction method. The results are presented to show that the proposed method decreases the detection errors.

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Language：English   Publisher：SLOVAK ACAD SCIENCES INST INFORMATICS  

In mobile and ubiquitous computing environments, acquisition of contextual information about a user Situation is necessary to provide useful services. Although the definition of user context may change according to the situation or the service used, contextual information about who, where, and when are considered to be essential. We have built a test bed with multiple sensors: floor pressure sensors, RFID (radio frequency identification) tag systems, and cameras, to carry out experiments to detect the positions of users and track their movement. The conventional background subtraction method by using cameras was used for moving object detection and tracking. In this paper, we propose knowledge application and parameter adaptation in the background Subtraction method. The results are presented to show that the proposed method decreases the detection errors.

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Other Link： https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/cai/cai27.html#YamazakiTKI08

Language：Japanese   Publisher：情報通信研究機構  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本知能情報ファジィ学会  

This paper examines humans&#039; cognitive characteristics toward home robots within the home environment over the course of a 16-day-long experiment. We applied protocol analysis to analyze user utterances recognized by a voice recognition system on the home robot. In this paper, time-series analysis has been conducted in order to investigate the change of cognitive characteristics toward the home robot over the passage of time. The results indicate that (a) users get accustomed over time to the robot and attachment emotions are elicited by living with the robot and (b) users gradually come to understand how the robot works and to construct a companion model for the robot as a sort of a mental model, which is an internal model for how something works.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：ヒュ-マンインタフェ-ス学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

This paper examine an unprecedented phenomenon in communication between human and intelligent artifacts within the home environment over the course of a 16 day-long experiment. We applied protocol analysis to analyze user utterances recognized by a voice recognition system on the home robot from the cognitive viewpoint. In this paper, two types of analysis have been conducted: (i) time-series analysis and (ii) analysis of differences in each room. The results indicate that (a) users get accustomed over time to the intelligent artifact and its manipulation difficulties, (b) attachment emotions are elicited gradually with the passage of time, and (c) users have gradually mixed cognition for the intelligent artifact, which comes to be recognized both as a cohabitant and as a tool. These findings suggest that (d) the artifact&#039;s manipulation difficulties might be counterbalanced by attachment emotions for the robot as &quot;artificial cohabitant&quot;. Moreover, (e) users&#039; cognition is different in each room and their cognition involving the intelligent artifacts is also different.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Robotics Society of Japan  

DOI： 10.7210/jrsj.25.494

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人電子情報通信学会  

Many works are carried out to provide home-networking services by connecting various appliances and sensors in home. One challenge is how to construct context-aware services that can satisfy each dweller, because age, gender, ability, and so on vary so much depending on each dweller. Another challenge is how to connect various appliances and sensors in order to enable them transfer their information each other. Wireless communication technologies are a promising communication infrastructure for the latter challenge because of their flexible introduction and management. The National Institute of Information and Communications Technology of Japan completed a real-life test bed, called the &quot;Ubiquitous Home,&quot; to carry out R&amp;D for the above challenges. In this paper, real experimental results in the Ubiquitous Home are presented.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人映像情報メディア学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

Proposed is an effective method for reducing nonstationary known noise. The technical target is to develop a scheme of pre-processing for speech recognition that keeps the same speech recognition rate even in a worse acoustic environment. The objective of this research is to realize a TV control system using speech recognition in a noisy and reverberant environment. The proposed method is a kind of adaptive noise cancellation (ANC) using harmonic structure. The basic idea of the proposed method is to estimate the frequency spectrum of noise including sounds from the TV itself and to remove noise components from the frequency spectrum of the received signal. A transfer function from the TV set to the microphone is calculated in an iterative manner estimating the noise signal at the microphone. Traditional ANC techniques do not directly use spectral features such as harmonic structure or fundamental frequency for example. As the proposed method uses harmonic structure of vocalic segments in command speech, it is expected to have an advantage compared with the traditional adaptive methods. Results of evaluation using speech recognition show that the proposed method significantly improves speech recognition rate compared with conventional spectral subtraction and ANC.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：人工知能学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本建設機械化協会  

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Publisher：The Japan Joint Automatic Control Conference  

DOI： 10.11511/jacc.49.0.349.0

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this paper, we will explain facilities for access control and behavior description in &quot;UKARI-kernel&quot; which is our middleware for user-oriented applications in home networks. It is important that service applications used in home network environment are flexible and agile enough to accommodate varying requirements over user to user. We are developing a middleware named UKARI-kernel as an infrastructure for function cooperation in the home network environment which is composed of various types of appliances such as household equipments, sensors and robots. This paper briefly introduces two basic facilities in UKARI-kernel : access control and scenario description with which we can easily and flexibly develop user-oriented services in the home network environment.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人電子情報通信学会  

UKARI-Core, a communication middleware platform for networked appliances, has been developed to construct flexible and dynamical services by connecting individual functions on the networked appliances. Target networked appliances for UKARI-Core include consumer electronics appliances, audio and visual appliances and sensors embedded in the house as well as robots which play a role of human interface. This paper describes the way in which UKARI-Core defines the types of media and treats them to construct the home networking services. Also, two examples of services are presented. The first one is a service to transform text media into audio or text and text. Transforming text media into text, actually, means an interpreting service. The second one is a streaming service of audio media. In this service, the audio media could be played at the audio media player closest to the user&#039;s position which could be detected by the sensors which are also connected using UKARI-Core.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：情報通信学会  

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Language：English   Publisher：Information Processing Society of Japan (IPSJ)  

In recent years, networked appliances, which are the home appliances with a networking function, have been opening a new gate for home ubiquitous environments and services implemented on them. Although it is important to regulate data formats, protocols and so for interoperability, the service scenarios portrayed by just connecting stand-alone appliances are limited. For users, it would be useful to construct their own service dynamically by combining the individual functions in the appliances. The UKARI-Core, a communication middleware platform for networked appliances, has been developed to make the flexible and dynamical service construction based on the individual functions a reality. This paper describes a plan of extension of the UKARI-Core by adding XML descriptions for sensor functions, a service scenario description framework and a user accessibility control mechanism to the functions. The extended middleware platform is called the UKARI-Kernel.

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Language：English   Publisher：SPRINGER  

We formulate an automatic strategy acquisition problem for the multi-agent card game "Hearts" as a reinforcement learning problem. The problem can approximately be dealt with in the framework of a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) for a single-agent system. Hearts is an example of imperfect information games, which are more difficult to deal with than perfect information games. A POMDP is a decision problem that includes a process for estimating unobservable state variables. By regarding missing information as unobservable state variables, an imperfect information game can be formulated as a POMDP. However, the game of Hearts is a realistic problem that has a huge number of possible states, even when it is approximated as a single-agent system. Therefore, further approximation is necessary to make the strategy acquisition problem tractable. This article presents an approximation method based on estimating unobservable state variables and predicting the actions of the other agents. Simulation results show that our reinforcement learning method is applicable to such a difficult multi-agent problem.

DOI： 10.1007/s10994-005-0461-8

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Language：English   Publisher：SPRINGER  

We formulate an automatic strategy acquisition problem for the multi-agent card game "Hearts" as a reinforcement learning problem. The problem can approximately be dealt with in the framework of a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) for a single-agent system. Hearts is an example of imperfect information games, which are more difficult to deal with than perfect information games. A POMDP is a decision problem that includes a process for estimating unobservable state variables. By regarding missing information as unobservable state variables, an imperfect information game can be formulated as a POMDP. However, the game of Hearts is a realistic problem that has a huge number of possible states, even when it is approximated as a single-agent system. Therefore, further approximation is necessary to make the strategy acquisition problem tractable. This article presents an approximation method based on estimating unobservable state variables and predicting the actions of the other agents. Simulation results show that our reinforcement learning method is applicable to such a difficult multi-agent problem.

DOI： 10.1007/s10994-005-0461-8

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Information Processing Society of Japan (IPSJ)  

The National Institute of Information and Communications Technology of Japan completed a real-life testbed, called the &quot;Ubiquitous Home,&quot; for home context-aware service experiments in 2004. At the Ubiquitous Home, experimenters can collect real-life data as if living in their own house, not in a laboratory. &quot;UKARI-Core,&quot; a service platform for distributed and cooperative networked appliances, has also been developed to construct home network services using function elements of the networked appliances. This paper introduces an overview of the Ubiquitous Home and the UKARI-Core and presents service examples realized at the Ubiquitous Home using the UKARI-Core.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Information Processing Society of Japan (IPSJ)  

In this paper, we propose a method for constructing an adaptive service by discovering and binding required functions on distributed and cooperative appliance network architecture ; UKARI-Core, which supports to create real life services using home appliances, environmental sensors, and home robots. When building a service, functions are categorized into entity-based and attribution-based, and in the latter case function elements are dynamically discovered and connected to transfer user media data to a destination based on a service description, which is build from service topology and service control logics. Firstly, research backgrounds and motivations are shown then we introduce the overview of the architecture and discuss the proposed method. Finally we show the overview of experimental system and example of the applications using the proposed method.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Information Processing Society of Japan (IPSJ)  

In this paper, we propose a new service scenario description framework for constructing home network services based on the distributed cooperative appliance platform named &quot;UKARI-Core&quot;. Proposed framework is based on BPEL4WS - a web service harmonization language, and we introduce several new constructs to handle and integrate user interface, environmental interface, and appliance function interface. In this paper, we overview the design of our description framework. Description examples are shown for some simple home applications to discuss the merits and demerits of our framework.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this paper, we introduce a new home service provision and construction platform named &quot;UKARI-Core&quot; on which various types of networked appliances, sensors, and robots can collaborate and cooperate each other to realize life support services. UKARI-Core enables flexible and optimized service deployment over the home network using functional cooperation framework in which various functions embedded in networked appliances can collaborate, cooperate, and complement with each other. This paper overviews the design and implementation of UKARI-Core and summarizes our future works.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this paper, we propose a new method for constructing collaborative services composed of Integrated distributed functions embedded in networked appliances on a home network. Firstly, research backgrounds and motivations are shown then discuss requirements for collaborative services in a home environment. Secondly, we show a proposed method. The method is realized by utilizing service topology descriptions to dynamically discover and bind suitable target functions in the neighborhood and by utilizing service scenario descriptions to create service interface for the control. Finally we show the overview of experimental system.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE INSTITUTE OF SYSTEMS, CONTROL AND INFORMATION ENGINEERS  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

Non-verbal information plays an important role not only in human-to-human communications but also in human computer interaction. In this paper, we examine effects of human-like agent&#039;s primitive movements on user&#039;s impression, where the human-like agent&#039;s primitive movements include eye, mouth, and neck. SD (Semantic Differential) method was used for evaluation, and two factors were extracted as a result of the factor analysis. Results of inquiry are also presented to show direct evaluation of agent&#039;s movements by users. It is found that personalized design of the agent is needed to reflect each user&#039;s preference.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

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Language：English   Publisher：Niigata University  

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Language：English   Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

When digital multimedia data are retrieved from distributed digital archives, Quality of Service (QoS) criteria can be used to enhance the user's usability. In this paper, assuming best-effort networks as the infrastructure, we describe a multimedia (MM) retrieval method based on the QoS concept for MM data archives in heterogeneous communication environments. We introduce a multi-level QoS model and use response time, which is calculated based on a system-level QoS criterion, as an application-level QoS criterion. The order of retrieving MM data is determined, based on both key-word matching using key words specified by the user and the application-level QoS criterion. A prototype system is developed for retrieving sightseeing-related MM data including video, images, voice, and text. The proposed method of data retrieval has a shorter response time than methods that do not take QoS criteria into account. Also, a search method based on key-word association is described that enables wide-area search and effective information finding. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1006/jnca.2002.0137

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人電子情報通信学会  

Distributing multimedia data to edge servers prevents concentration of access, so that end-users are provided high-quality multimedia services. The CCS (Communication Coordination Server) that we propose is a kind of edge server and provides QoS (Quality of Service) transform by a transcoding technique. We propose a new communication service coordination scheme for the CCS by content processing according to user&#039;s requirement or purpose.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人電子情報通信学会  

インターネットのブロードバンド化に伴い, 動画像データの複数端末への実時間配送サービスが増加していくものと考えられる.その際, 各受信端末の通信環境, すなわち利用可能なネットワーク及び端末のリソースやサービス品質(QoS)に対する要求は利用者ごとに異なり, それぞれに適した形に動画像データのQoSを変換する必要がある.本論文では, そのようなQoS変換をトランスコーディング技術により実現するプロキシーサーバと, 複数受信端末に対応するうえでプロキシーサーバに必要とされるQoS調整方式を提案する.QoS調整を行うにあたって状況の場合分けを明確にし, 実装はアプリケーションレベルで行っている点が特徴である.これにより, システムに特別な符号化方式やネットワークプロトコルを必要とせず, QoSを意識したメディアデータ伝送が可能となる.

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Language：English   Publisher：Academic Press  

When digital multimedia data are retrieved from distributed digital archives, Quality of Service (QoS) criteria can be used to enhance the user's usability. In this paper, assuming best-effort networks as the infrastructure, we describe a multimedia (MM) retrieval method based on the QoS concept for MM data archives in heterogeneous communication environments. We introduce a multi-level QoS model and use response time, which is calculated based on a system-level QoS criterion, as an application-level QoS criterion. The order of retrieving MM data is determined, based on both key-word matching using key words specified by the user and the application-level QoS criterion. A prototype system is developed for retrieving sightseeing-related MM data including video, images, voice, and text. The proposed method of data retrieval has a shorter response time than methods that do not take QoS criteria into account. Also, a search method based on key-word association is described that enables wide-area search and effective information finding.

DOI： 10.1006/jnca.2002.0137

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Inst. of Image Information and Television Engineers  

人と計算機システムを仲介する擬人化されたエージェントのプリミティブな動き (口, まばたき, 小首を傾げる動作) が, ユーザの印象評価に与える影響をSD法により測定し, 分析を行った.その結果, 2つの因子が抽出され, 複数の動きの組合せがユーザに高い印象度を与えることが明らかになった.

DOI： 10.3169/itej.56.1598

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：電気通信振興会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

本論文では, マルチエージェント系の一例としてカードゲームであるHeartsを取り上げ, そこでのエージェントの行動学習として, Actor-Critic型強化学習アルゴリズムと相手モデル学習を組み合わせたモデルを提案する. その際, Heartsゲームの局面を3段階に分け, 各局面において行動制御モデルを選択的に切り換える. 特に中盤において, 期待TD誤差を用いた先読みによる行動制御を行う. 学習モデルの有効性を計算機シミュレーション実験により確認した.

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Language：English   Publisher：一般社団法人電子情報通信学会  

In recent years, the concept of Quality of Service (QoS) has gained attention in the network research community. The Differentiated Services Architecture (DiffServ) proposes a general framework for differentiated treatment of traffic aggregates in the core network. DiffServ does not extend to end-to-end QoS assurances. In this paper, we propose a simple resource-broking scheme operating over a hierarchically connected internetwork of administratively-independent and DiffServ-capable domains, which is a simplified model of Internet. The proposed approach uses a multi-agent-based asynchronous resource broking scheme that operates locally but avoids conflicts globally. In this way, traffic control reflects the underlying structure of the internetwork, introduces only localized complexity thus scaling up well and permits independence of policy between interconnected domains.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

This report proposes a reinforcement learning(RL)method based on the Actor-Critic architecture, which can be applied to partially-observable multi-agent competitive games. As an ezample, we consider a card game&quot;Hearts&quot;. The RL then becomes a part,ally-observable Markov decision process (POMDP). In our method, a single Hearts game is divided into three stages, and three actors are prepared so that one of them plays and learns separately in each stage. In particular, the actor for the middle stage plays so as to enlarge the expected temporal-difference error, which is calculated using the evaluation function approximated by the critic and the estimated state transition. Computer experiments with heuristic players show that our RL method works well.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人電子情報通信学会  

A real-time MPEG-4 video transmission system is used to conduct subjective video quality measurements. In the measurements, three video QoS (Quality of Service) parameters, that is, the frame size, frame rate, and quantization scale change, then the double stimulus continuous quality scale method is used to obtain the subjective test scores from the testees. This report provides the experimental results and discusses on the correlation between the QoS parameters and the user assessment, which might be useful for user-adaptive QoS control in video streaming service.

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Language：English   Publisher：一般社団法人 画像電子学会  

A data-driven multi-dimensional histogram method is proposed for segmentation of images observed in a multi-dimensional space. An image is observed as a mixture of multi-variate data, but the number of clusters in the mixture is generally unknown. In addition, the histogram width needs to be determined by a criterion on the basis of the observed image data information. The proposed algorithm shows criteria to determine the histogram width and the number of clusters according to the observed multi-variate data. Simultaneously, the statistics for each cluster are computed, which are used for clustering all of the other elements. The proposed clustering method can be applied to various kinds of images, because it is not restricted by an image model used in model-based approaches. The effectiveness of the algorithm is evaluated by computer simulation, and the algorithm is applied to real color image clustering. © 2001, The Institute of Image Electronics Engineers of Japan. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.11371/iieej.30.716

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人電子情報通信学会  

A data-driven segmentation algorithm based on a multi-dimensional histogram is proposed for color images. An image is observed as a mixture of multi-variate data, but the number of clusters in the mixture is generally unknown. The proposed algorithm determines the width of a histogram to use and then obtains the number of clusters according to the observed multivariate data. Next, the statistics for each cluster are computed, since this is a requisite for clustering all of the other elements. The proposed clustering method can be applied to various kinds of images, because it is not restricted by an image model used in model-based approaches. The effectiveness of the algorithm is evaluated by computer simulation, and the algorithm is applied to real color image clustering.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

A data-driven segmentation algorithm based on a multi-dimensional histogram is proposed for color images. An image is observed as a mixture of multi-variate data, but the number of clusters in the mixture is generally unknown. The proposed algorithm determines the width of a histogram to use and then obtains the number of clusters according to the observed multivariate data. Next, the statistics for each cluster are computed, since this is a requisite for clustering all of the other elements. The proposed clustering method can be applied to various kinds of images, because it is not restricted by an image model used in model-based approaches. The effectiveness of the algorithm is evaluated by computer simulation, and the algorithm is applied to real color image clustering.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人電子情報通信学会  

Intrusion of Internet into ordinary home has been accelerated, and this situation will continue to expand because of the availability of constant-rate telecommunications service. On the other hand, audio-video and electric apparatuses start to be equipped a network interface. These seem to bring us to realize a networked home in the near future. In this manuscript, we consider a mechanism of communications service coordination under an example of the networked home consisting of a cable TV network as the access network and Ehternet and wireless LAN as the in-home network.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

通信ネットワーク及び通信端末としてのパーソナルコンピエータやワークステーションの高速化に伴い, 近年, ストリーム型メディアを含むマルチメディア通信を基本としたさまざまなアプリケーションが出現している. このような通信アプリケーションには, ユーザ要求及び端末やネットワークの状況に応じて, 自らの目的に合うようにストリームのQoSを決定し, 調整する仕組みが必須である. しかし, このような適応的QoS制御の仕組みを個々の通信アプリケーションに組み込むと, 通信アプリケーションの複雑化をまねくので, さまざまな通信アプリケーションの共通基盤として, 適応的QoS制御の仕組みを実現することが望ましい. 本論文では, 複数のエージェントによる直接的あるいは間接的な連携機能を利用して, さまざまな通信アプリケーションの共通基盤となりうる適応的QoS制御の仕組みを実現するためのフレームワークを提案し, 本フレームワークを実装して動作確認を行う.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

近年、分散型マルチメディアシステムにおける端末まで含めたエンドツーエンドでのQoSを保証するための様々なアーキテクチャが提案されている。このようなQoSアーキテクチャを利用することで、通信アプリケーションは、メディアストリームのQoSを制御することができる。しかし、通信アプリケーションには、ユーザ要求および端末やネットワークの状況に応じて、自らの目的に合うようにストリームのQoSを調整・決定する機能が必要となる。これらの機能を個々の通信アプリケーションに持たせるのでは、通信アプリケーションの複雑化を招くので、様々な通信アプリケーションの共通基盤として、適応的エンドツーエンドQoS制御の機能を実現することが望ましい。本稿では、複数のエージェントによる直接的あるいは間接的な連携機能を利用して、このような機能を実現するためのモデルについて述べる。

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

無線/有線の通信環境が混在するマルチメディア移動通信では, 無線通信と有線通信の品質の差を如何にして埋め, シームレス通信を実現するかということが一つの課題である。筆者らはさきに, 無線環境と有線環境の接点でアプリケーションレベルでQoS (Quality of Service)を調整することにより, 無線環境上の移動端末と有線環境上の固定端末の仲介をする通信コーディネーションサーバ(Communication Coordination Server, 以下CCS)を提案してきた。本稿では, 今後マルチメディア通信で重要と考えられる動画像メディアを対象として, CCSにおけるQoS調整方式について述べる。

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

ストリーム型メディアを含むマルチメディア通信を基本としたアプリケーションを実現するためには, ネットワークだけでなくエンドシステムまで含めたエンドツーエンドでQoSを調整する必要がある。しかしながら, 端末やネットワークの構成, ユーザ要求は千差万別であり, また, その変動を予測するのは困難である。例えば, デスクトップ端末と携帯端末では利用できるリソース量は異なり, ユーザが求めるQoSも異なる。複数のアプリケーションが起動している場合は, 利用できるリソースは他のアプリケーションの動作に依存する。従って, 通信アプリケーションには, ユーザ要求と端末やネットワークの状況に応じて, 自らの目的に合うようにストリームのQoSを適応的に決定し, 調整する仕組みが必要となる。我々は, そのような適応的なQoS制御を実現するために, マルチエージェントによるフレームワークを提案している。本稿では, ストリームの適応的なQoS調整機能を実現するストリームエージェント(SA)の構成とそのシミュレーション実験の結果について述べる。

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Language：English  

An unsupervised contextual classification method using Markov random field (MRF) models and the vector quantization (VQ) is proposed. The VQ algorithm classifies the observed data preliminarily and the contextual reclassification and the iterative classification follow. The proposed method was applied to a Landsat image to evaluate the classification accuracy. © 1999 IEEE.

DOI： 10.1109/36.752237

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An unsupervised contextual classification method using Markov random field (MRF) models and the vector quantization (VQ) is proposed. The VQ algorithm classifies the observed data preliminarily and the contextual reclassification and the iterative classification follow. The proposed method was applied to a Landsat image to evaluate the classification accuracy. © 1999 IEEE.

DOI： 10.1109/36.752237

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Language：Japanese  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

We propose an unsupervised classification method for remote sensing images. In the method the observed multispectral images are modeled with a multivariate Gaussian Markov Random Field (GMRF) model and the hidden classified image is modeled with a pairwise interaction MRF model. The proposed method consists of three parts. In the first part the observed multispectral image data are preliminarily classified by the VQ technique into M classes and one unknown class. M is the prespecified number of classes. In the second part the sites in the unknown class are reclassified by the maximum a posteriori estimation based on MRF models. In the last part the MRF model parameter estimation and classification are carried out iteratively until the convergence criterion is satisfied. The proposed algorithm is applied to Landsat TM images.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

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Language：English  

A new criterion for classifying multispectral remote sensing images or textured images by using spectral and spatial information is proposed. The images are modeled with a hierarchical Markov Random Field (MRF) model that consists of the observed intensity process and the hidden class label process. The class labels are estimated according to the maximum a posteriori (MAP) criterion, but some reasonable approximations are used to reduce the computational load. A stepwise classification algorithm is derived and is confirmed by simulation and experimental results. © 1995 IEEE.

DOI： 10.1109/83.413180

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Language：English  

A new criterion for classifying multispectral remote sensing images or textured images by using spectral and spatial information is proposed. The images are modeled with a hierarchical Markov Random Field (MRF) model that consists of the observed intensity process and the hidden class label process. The class labels are estimated according to the maximum a posteriori (MAP) criterion, but some reasonable approximations are used to reduce the computational load. A stepwise classification algorithm is derived and is confirmed by simulation and experimental results. © 1995 IEEE.

DOI： 10.1109/83.413180

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Other Link： https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/tip/tip4.html#YamazakiG95

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人映像情報メディア学会  

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