Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)メディカルアイ  

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PURPOSE: The liver is the largest organ in the abdomen and is often irradiated in radiotherapy for non-hepatic malignancies. As most of the studies on changes in liver volume are on hepatocellular carcinoma based on liver dysfunction, there are few studies on healthy liver. In this study, we investigated the relationship between absorbed dose and changes in liver volume after chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer in patients without apparent pre-treatment liver dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Liver volume was compared between pre-treatment, acute (< 4 months) and late post-treatment (≥ 4 and < 13 months) phases in 12 patients using abdominal plain CT images. Volume changes were evaluated separately for the right and left lobes. We investigated the relationship between the volume change and VxGy (percentage of volume received x Gy or more dose). In addition, volume change for each absorbed dose was investigated using deformable image registration. RESULTS: The volume of the left lobe showed a significant decrease between pre-treatment and acute post-treatment phases (p < 0.001), while the volume of right lobe and between acute and late post-treatment phase of left lobe did not. The mean value of the volume reduction rate of the left lobe was 51.1% and equivalent to the mean value of V30Gy. As a result of the volume change for each absorbed dose, the volume reduction rate increased as the absorbed dose increased, and a significant volume loss was observed at doses above 11 Gy. CONCLUSION: Volume of the liver significantly decreased only in the acute phase after chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer. The tolerable dose for a healthy liver is generally considered to be 30 Gy, but attention should be paid to lower doses to avoid radiation-induced liver injury.

DOI： 10.1007/s11604-022-01375-x

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One of the causes of bleeding in subdural hematoma is cortical artery rupture, which is difficult to detect at autopsy. Therefore, reports of autopsy cases with this condition are limited and hence, the pathogenesis of subdural hematoma remains unclear. Herein, for the detection and morphological analysis of cortical artery ruptures as the bleeding sources of subdural hematoma, we used the tissue-clearing CUBIC (clear, unobstructed, brain/body imaging cocktails and computational analysis) method with light-sheet fluorescence microscopy and reconstructed the two-dimensional and three-dimensional images. Using the CUBIC method, we could clearly visualize and detect cortical artery ruptures that were missed by conventional methods. Indeed, the CUBIC method enables three-dimensional morphological analysis of cortical arteries including the ruptured area, and the creation of cross-sectional two-dimensional images in any direction, which are similar to histopathological images. This highlights the effectiveness of the CUBIC method for subdural hematoma analysis.

DOI： 10.3390/diagnostics12112875

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Identification of individuals is performed when a corpse is found after a natural disaster, incident, or accident. DNA and dental records are frequently used as biometric fingerprints; however, identification may be difficult in some cases due to decomposition or damage to the corpse. The present study aimed to develop an individual identification method using thoracic vertebral features as a biological fingerprint. In this method, the shortest diameter in height, width, and depth of the thoracic vertebrae in the postmortem image and a control antemortem were recorded and a database was compiled using this information. The Euclidean distance or the modified Hausdorff distance was calculated as the distance between two points on the three-dimensional feature space of these measurement data. The thoracic vertebrae T1-12 were measured and the pair with the smallest distance was considered to be from the same person. The accuracy of this method for identifying individuals was evaluated by matching images of 82 cases from a total of 702 antemortem images and showed a hit ratio of 100%. Therefore, this method may be used to identify individuals with high accuracy.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-022-20748-w

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IMEKO International Measurement Confederation  

&lt;p class="Abstract"&gt;Sterilization of medical equipment in isolation wards is essential to prevent the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS–CoV-2) infection. Particularly, the radiographic console of portable X-ray machines requires frequent disinfection because it is regularly moved; this requires considerable infection control effort as the number of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) increases. To evaluate the application of a system facilitating noncontact operation of radiographic consoles for patients with COVID-19 to reduce the need for frequent disinfection. We developed a noncontact operation system for radiographic consoles that used a common eye tracker. We compared calibration errors between with and without face shield conditions. Moreover, the use of console operation among 41 participants was investigated. The calibration error of the eye tracker between with and without face shield conditions did not significantly differ. All (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 41) observers completed the console operation. Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis showed a strong correlation (&lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = 0.92, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &amp;lt; 0.001) between the average operation time and the average number of misoperations. Our system that used an eye tracker can be applied even if the operator uses a face shield. Thus, its application is important in preventing the transmission of infection.&lt;/p&gt;

DOI： 10.21014/acta_imeko.v11i2.1272

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A Japanese man in his 30s died suddenly. Postmortem computed tomography and autopsy revealed a pulmonary embolism from an organizing thrombus in the inferior vena cava as the cause of death. Genomic analysis of congenital thrombophilia-related genes (i.e., SERPINC1, PROC, PROS1, F2, F5, PLG, and MTHFR) revealed a heterozygous variant of PROS1 (p.A139V), which has been reported in patients with congenital protein S deficiency. After a genetic conference that included forensic pathologists, molecular scientists, genetic researchers, genetic clinicians, and clinical physicians, the results of the genetic analysis were explained to the family. Biochemical analyses of protein S (PS) activity and total PS antigen levels were performed with samples from the deceased's family and genetic analysis was not performed until clinical symptoms appear. Herein we demonstrate the importance of genetic background in cases of a sudden death due to pulmonary embolism.

DOI： 10.1016/j.legalmed.2022.102029

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BACKGROUND: Head computed tomography (CT) is a commonly used imaging modality in radiology facilities. Since multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) processing can produce different results depending on the medical staff in charge, there is a possibility that the antemortem and postmortem images of the same person could be assessed and identified differently. OBJECTIVE: To propose and test a new automatic MPR method in order to address and overcome this limitation. METHODS: Head CT images of 108 cases are used. We employ the standardized transformation of statistical parametric mapping 8. The affine transformation parameters are obtained by standardizing the captured CT images. Automatic MPR processing is performed by using this parameter. The sphenoidal sinus of the orbitomeatal cross section of the automatic MPR processing of this study and the conventional manual MPR processing are cropped with a matrix size of 128×128, and the value of zero mean normalized correlation coefficient is calculated. RESULTS: The computed zero mean normalized cross-correlation coefficient (Rzncc) of≥0.9, 0.8≤Rzncc < 0.9 and 0.7≤Rzncc < 0.8 are achieved in 105 cases (97.2%), 2 cases (1.9%), and 1 case (0.9%), respectively. The average Rzncc was 0.96±0.03. CONCLUSION: Using the proposed new method in this study, MPR processing with guaranteed accuracy is efficiently achieved.

DOI： 10.3233/XST-221142

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Acute subdural hematoma (SDH) occurs following severe head trauma with brain contusion or rupture of bridging veins. Conversely, SDH caused by rupture of a cortical artery without trauma or with minor trauma is also possible. Although over 150 cases of the latter SDH have been reported, they were predominantly diagnosed only during surgery, and therefore, no adequate histological evaluation has been performed. Therefore, essential etiology of this SDH type has remained unclear. In addition, the scarcity of autopsy cases may be attributed to arterial rupture being missed if the macroscopic findings are too minimal to detect during autopsy. Here, we describe two autopsy cases of SDH of cortical artery origin. Extravasation on postmortem computed tomography angiography and arterial leakage on macroscopic observation during autopsy facilitated detection of the ruptured artery and allowed detailed histological evaluation of the ruptured artery and adjacent dura mater. The etiology of arterial rupture is briefly described on the basis of histopathological findings in this study and the available literature.

DOI： 10.1016/j.legalmed.2021.101941

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)メディカルアイ  

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PURPOSE: To clarify an early postmortem change, we investigated the volume changes of the spleen and kidney on postmortem CT compared with antemortem CT in the same patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the volumes of 56 spleens (56 cases) and 50 kidneys (25 cases) using antemortem and postmortem CT, which were performed within 168 min after death. We divided the cases of spleen analysis into a hemorrhagic group (n = 12) and a non-hemorrhagic group (n = 44). RESULTS: The volumes of the organs before and after death were 101.0 ± 70.9 (cm3, mean ± standard deviation) and 81.1 ± 57.8 in spleens, 120.3 ± 49.2 and 109.2 ± 39.2 in kidneys, respectively. Both spleens and kidneys shrank after death (p < 0.05). The volumes of spleens before and after death were 111 ± 66.5 and 67.5 ± 27.7 in the hemorrhagic group, and 98.2 ± 72.5 and 84.9 ± 63.3 in the non-hemorrhagic group, respectively. The median value of the ratio of postmortem splenic volume to antemortem volume in the hemorrhagic group (65.0%) was smaller than the one in the non-hemorrhagic group (90.5%) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that spleens and kidneys significantly reduced in size after death. The rate of shrinkage of spleens in the hemorrhagic group significantly became larger than the one in the non-hemorrhagic group.

DOI： 10.1007/s11604-019-00841-3

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This report describes the autopsy case of a 4-year-old boy who died from hepatic hemorrhage and rupture caused by peliosis hepatis with X-linked myotubular myopathy. Peliosis hepatis is characterized by multiple blood-filled cavities of various sizes in the liver, which occurs in chronic wasting disease or with the use of specific drugs. X-linked myotubular myopathy is one of the most serious types of congenital myopathies, in which an affected male infant typically presents with severe hypotonia and respiratory distress immediately after birth. Although each disorder is rare, 12 cases of pediatric peliosis hepatis associated with X-linked myotubular myopathy have been reported, including our case. Peliosis hepatis should be considered as a cause of hepatic hemorrhage despite its low incidence, and it requires adequate gross and histological investigation for correct diagnosis.

DOI： 10.1016/j.legalmed.2019.04.005

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BACKGROUND: Measurement of heart weight is important when investigating cause of death, but there is presently no satisfactory method of heart weight estimation by postmortem computed tomography (PMCT). METHOD: We investigated 33 consecutive cases that underwent both PMCT and autopsy between February 2008 and June 2014. Heart and left ventricular (LV) weights were calculated by PMCT morphometry. We used a simple method to estimate LV weight: We assumed that LV was an ellipsoid and multiplied its volume on PMCT with myocardial specific gravity. We then compared the various heart and LV weights using linear regression. The calculated and estimated LV weights on PMCT were also compared. RESULTS: It was not possible to predict heart weight at autopsy from PMCT (R2 = 0.53). However, heart weight at autopsy could be accurately predicted from LV weight calculated by PMCT (R2 = 0.77). In addition, there was a strong correlation between the estimated and calculated LV weights by PMCT (R2 = 0.92). Heart weight at autopsy could also be accurately predicted using the PMCT-estimated LV weight (R2 = 0.72). CONCLUSION: Heart weight at autopsy could be accurately predicted using a simple method in which LV volume was assumed to be an ellipsoid on PMCT.

DOI： 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.12.019

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：産業開発機構(株)  

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/default/link?pub_year=2018&ichushi_jid=J00116&link_issn=&doc_id=20180727080009&doc_link_id=%2Fan7eizoc%2F2018%2F005008%2F014%2F0085-0089%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fan7eizoc%2F2018%2F005008%2F014%2F0085-0089%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

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DOI： 10.2214/AJR.18.19552

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DOI： 10.1007/s11604-012-0114-3

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In the original publication of the article, the seventh author name was incorrectly published as Hidehumi Aoyama. The correct author name should read as Hidefumi Aoyama.

DOI： 10.1007/s11604-017-0708-x

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟大学医学部保健学科  

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2018&ichushi_jid=J06421&link_issn=&doc_id=20180420580006&doc_link_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10191%2F49821&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10191%2F49821&type=%90V%8A%83%91%E5%8Aw%81F%90V%8A%83%91%E5%8Aw%8Aw%8Fp%83%8A%83%7C%83W%83g%83%8A_Nuar&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F80230_3.gif

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DOI： 10.1007/s11604-015-0470-x

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DOI： 10.2332/allergolint.13-LE-0655

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DOI： 10.1016/j.ejrad.2013.02.008

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DOI： 10.1007/s00414-012-0782-7

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DOI： 10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.04.037

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DOI： 10.1007/s11604-012-0114-3

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DOI： 10.1007/s11604-017-0708-x

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BACKGROUND: To date, bronchial diverticula have generally been treated as a pathological condition associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), although only a limited amount of published information is available on the relationship between bronchial diverticula as depicted by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and airflow limitations. PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationship between airflow limitations and main bronchial diverticula in the subcarinal region using spirometry and thin-section MDCT. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 189 consecutive adult patients were retrospectively evaluated based on spirometry and thin-section MDCT of the chest. All examinations were performed at our institution between June and October 2008. The study group included 70 women and 119 men with a mean age of 65 years (range 19-86 years). The relationship between the FEV(1)% and bronchial diverticula in the subcarinal region was analyzed (Student's t-test). RESULTS: The indications for conducting the examinations were pulmonary diseases (82 patients), cardiovascular diseases (22), extrapulmonary malignancies (74), and other conditions (11). A total of 84/189 (44.4%) patients showed bronchial diverticula, and the FEV(1)% of 70/84 (83.3%) patients was above 70. The FEV(1)% of patients with lesions ranged from 26.0 to 97.8 (mean 76.8), whereas the range was 28.1-94.4 (mean 73.7) in those without lesions. There was no significant association between the FEV(1)% and the presence of subcarinal bronchial diverticula (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that thin-section chest CT commonly demonstrates main bronchial diverticula in the subcarinal region in patients without airflow limitations. We propose that the presence of a small number of tiny bronchial diverticula under the carina may not be a criterion for the diagnosis of COPD.

DOI： 10.1258/ar.2011.110222

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DOI： 10.1007/s00330-011-2248-6

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DOI： 10.1007/s11604-011-0618-2

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟県医師会  

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DOI： 10.2214/AJR.10.4442

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DOI： 10.1007/s11604-010-0430-4

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DOI： 10.1007/s00330-009-1526-z

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DOI： 10.1007/s11604-009-0340-5

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DOI： 10.1007/s11604-009-0337-0

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Arterial aneurysms represent a severe complication of Behcet's disease. A 42-year-old woman with Behcet's disease had a recurrence of an aneurysm after two surgical repair attempts using grafts. A covered stent-graft was implanted in her iliac external artery to occlude the neck of the aneurysm at the anastomosis of the bypass graft to her external iliac artery. The procedure reduced the size of the aneurysm by allowing the formation of a thrombus within its cavity. The implantation of an endovascular stent-graft may be a sound alternative to surgical repair for aneurysms associated with Behcet's disease.

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DOI： 10.1016/j.crad.2004.06.018

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DOI： 10.1007/s00234-001-0725-3

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DOI： 10.1007/s00234-001-0735-1

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DOI： 10.1016/S0899-7071(01)00373-4

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To evaluate the redistribution phenomenon on delayed I-123 IMP SPECT images of children and adolescents with partial seizures, 25 patients were selected and investigated in the interictal state. Early and delayed SPECT were performed 15-20 minutes and 5 hours, respectively, after I-123 IMP injection. Redistribution patterns were classified into three groups: 1) redistribution (RD) (-) group (n = 5), in which a low-uptake area on the early image persisted or was enlarged on the delayed image, 2) RD (+) group (n = 14), in which a low-uptake area on the early image changed to normal distribution on the delayed image, and 3) marked redistribution (MRD) (+) group (n = 6), In which a low-uptake area on the early image changed to a high uptake area on the delayed image. Among the patients who were followed for at least 12 months after the SPECT scans, the short-term clinical outcome tended to be good in the RD (+) group, intermediate in the MRD (+) group, and poor in the RD (-) group. These results of our preliminary comparative study indicate that the redistribution pattern of I-123 IMP may be related to the clinical aspects in patients with partial seizures and that it may play an important role in predicting their short-term clinical outcome.

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To evaluate the accuracy of conventional microsphere method for the measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) based on the microsphere model with N-isopropyl-p-[123I]iodoamphetamine (123I-IMP) and SPECT, we performed simulation analysis and clinical studies. Although the microsphere method requires early SPECT scan at a few minutes after injection of the tracer for the accurate measurement of rCBF, the conventional microsphere method, which is generally used, requires more delayed SPECT scan with long scan-duration. In the conventional microsphere method, the delayed SPECT image is corrected to the image at a few minutes after injection of the tracer by using the monitored entire brain activity. By the simulation analysis based on the 2-compartment model (influx; K1 and outflux; k2) using the input function and the entire brain activity obtained from eight subjects respectively, it was found that the conventional microsphere method overestimated the rCBF in the practical range of rCBF and Vd (= K1/k2) given in the 2-compartment model. When the values of rCBF and Vd in the 2-compartment model were given at 0.5 (ml/g/min) and 30 (ml/g) respectively, the rate of overestimation of rCBF by the conventional microsphere method was determined to be 17.3 +/- 0.7% (mean +/- S.D.). Also in clinical studies for eight subjects, the conventional microsphere method overestimated the rCBF compared with those evaluated by non-linear least squares fitting (NLLSF) analysis based on the 2-compartment model. Those results agreed well with the simulation analysis, suggesting the validity of the simulation. The rCBF values clinically estimated by the conventional method were, however, significantly correlated with those calculated by NLLSF analysis, and there were not so much difference between the two quantitative rCBF images obtained by the conventional microsphere method and the microsphere method. Therefore, we conclude that the conventional microsphere method is clinically useful in spite of the overestimation of rCBF.

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The microsphere model and the continuous withdrawal of arterial blood have commonly been used in clinical studies when measuring regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) by N-isopropyl-p-[123I]iodoamphetamine (IMP) single photon emission tomography. The method is considered to underestimate rCBF because of the washout of tracer from brain tissue; however, the extent of this underestimation is not known. To assess whether this underestimation can be determined quantitatively, we performed simulation analysis based on the microsphere model and the two-compartment model [influx, K1(rCBF); and outflux, k2(washout)] using the time-activity curves of 123I-IMP in arterial blood [Ca(t)] of 10 subjects. With the microsphere method, rCBF values fell as time post-injection increased. The extent of underestimation of rCBF was 4.7 +/- 0.28% (mean +/- S.D.) at 5 min, 10.2 +/- 0.42% at 10 min and 15.2 +/- 0.55% at 15 min. There was little variation in the extent of underestimation and it was not dependent on the Ca(t) of the subjects. We therefore considered the results to be generally applicable to various studies of the microsphere model. As 4.7% is considered to be negligible in clinical studies, we conclude that the microsphere model can be applied to obtain accurate measurement of rCBF up to 5 min regardless of washout.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本核医学会  

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In the treatment and therapy of patients suffering a stroke, it is very important to predict whether viable neurones, even those of poor function, remain intact in the lesions of the brain. To determine whether viable neurones of low functional activity are represented in in vivo neuroreceptor imaging, we undertook experiments in gerbils with cerebral infarction, in which we examined histological changes and the results of dual-tracer in vivo autoradiography of glucose utilization with 14C-labelled deoxyglucose and benzodiazepine receptor binding with 123I-labelled Ro 16-0154. The unrelated findings of cerebral glucose metabolism and benzodiazepine receptor binding were observed in the primary infarct lesion and in remote areas, including the ipsilateral striatum and thalamus. Our experiments showed that when viable neurones with low functional activity remain intact, normal in vivo binding to benzodiazepine receptors is demonstrated as hypometabolism of glucose utilization. This functional, contrast-enhanced technique with 123I-labelled Ro 16-0154 may have an important role to play in the prediction of neuronal cell viability after recent brain infarction in experimental animals and humans using single photon emission tomography (SPET).

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Double injection method using brain perfusion 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT is popular one for evaluating stress scintigraphy. For appropriate evaluation of this method 555 MBq (15 mCi) of 99mTc-HMPAO was injected twice in sequence at the resting state. The first and second SPECT images were obtained 5 min after each injection. Twenty-five ROIs of 8 x 8 pixels were placed on in various regions of the first images, and calculate each counts (C1). Then the counts of the same region of the second scan were calculated (C2). One hundred and fifty ROIs/6 patients were examined. We derived the linear relationship as C2 = 1.66 x C1 + 106 (r = 0.97), where C1 and C2 represents counts of the first scan, and second scan, respectively. This results suggests that the counts of the second scan is derived from the counts of the first scan without second scanning if they are obtained in the same condition. When we applied this method to stress scintigraphy, it may be useful for evaluating the regional brain perfusion changes before and after loading instead of using subtraction technique.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Lippincott Williams and Wilkins  

DOI： 10.1097/00003072-199509000-00010

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A more accurate quantitative method for the measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with the microsphere model and N-isopropyl-p-[123I]iodoamphetamine (123I-IMP) and ring-type single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was developed. Continuous withdrawal of arterial blood was carried out for 5 minutes after the injection. Static SPECT data were acquired from 25 min to 55 min. To estimate reconstructed images at 5 min, total brain count collections and one minute SPECT studies were performed at 5, 20, and 60 min. Quantitative values for rCBF were calculated from short time SPECT images at 5 min (rCBF), static SPECT images corrected by total brain counts (rCBFCt) and those corrected by reconstructed counts on short time SPECT images (rCBFCb). Practically, rCBFCb is calculated by using reconstructed counts of regions of interest placed in the same position as static SPECT and short time SPECT at 5, 20, 60 min. Although there was good correlation between rCBF and rCBFCt (r = 0.69), rCBFCt tended to be underestimated in high flow areas and overestimated in low flow areas. A better correlation was observed between rCBF and rCBFCb (r = 0.92). The overestimation and underestimation observed in rCBFCt was considered to be due to the correction method with a total cerebral time activity curve, because the kinetic behavior of 123I-IMP was different in each region.

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We developed a new non-invasive technique; one-point sampling method, for quantitative measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with N-isopropyl-p-[123I]iodoamphetamine and SPECT. Although the continuous withdrawal of arterial blood and octanol treatment of the blood are required in the conventional microsphere method, the new technique does not require these two procedures. The total activity of 123I-IMP obtained by the continuous withdrawal of arterial blood is inferred by the activity of 123I-IMP obtained by the one point arterial sample using a regression line. To determine when one point sampling time was optimum for inferring integral input function of the continuous withdrawal and whether the treatment of sampled blood for octanol fraction was required, we examined a correlation between the total activity of arterial blood withdrawn from 0 to 5 min after the injection and the activity of one point sample obtained at time t, and calculated a regression line. As the results, the minimum % error for the inference using the regression line was obtained at 6 min after the 123I-IMP injection, moreover, the octanol treatment was not required. Then examining an effect on the values of rCBF when the sampling time was deviated from 6 min, we could correct the values in approximately 3% error when the sample was obtained at 6 +/- 1 min after the injection. The one-point sampling method provides accurate and relatively non-invasive measurement of rCBF without octanol extraction of arterial blood.

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Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured in five Japanese patients who were clinically diagnosed as having Joseph disease, also called Machado-Joseph disease or Azorean disease, using N-isopropyl-p-[123I]iodoamphetamine (IMP) and single-photon emission tomography (SPECT). Cerebellar atrophy was evaluated by a five-step rating scale as defined on X-ray computed tomography (X-CT). Compared with ten age-matched normal controls (mean cerebellar CBF +/- SD: 66.9 +/- 6.6 ml/100 g/min), rCBF in patients with Joseph disease was significantly decreased in the cerebellum (mean +/- SD: 50.2 +/- 7.3 ml/100 g/min). No significant relationship, however, was found between the decrease in rCBF in the cerebellum and the degree of cerebellar atrophy on X-CT. rCBF in the cerebellum was minimally decreased in one patient who had severe cerebellar atrophy and in two patients with moderate atrophy. These data may support the findings that Purkinje cells in the cerebellum are almost normal in Joseph disease, and that the granular and molecular layers remain intact in spite of cortical atrophy of the cerebellum. It is concluded that [123I]-IMP SPET is able to identify pathological and metabolic changes in the cerebellum that do not appear on X-CT or magnetic resonance imaging, and thus is useful for the diagnosis of Joseph disease.

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We developed a new method for quantitative measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) using one-point arterial sampling with N-isopropyl-p-[123I]-iodoamphetamine (123I-IMP) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) based on the microsphere model. Although the conventional microsphere method requires both the continuous withdrawal of arterial blood (integral of Ca(t)) and treatment of the blood with octanol to obtain the fraction of true tracer activity in the integral of Ca(t) (N), the new method does not require these two procedures. We examined 14 patients to analyse the correlation between the integral of Ca(t)N and a small arterial sample obtained at one time point [one-point Ca(t)] after the injection of 123I-IMP without octanol treatment. The integral of Ca(t)N was calculated from one point Ca(t) using the regression line of the correlation. An error of 8.1% in the calculated value compared to the actual value of the integral of Ca(t)N, could be inferred from one-point Ca(t) obtained at 6 min after the injection. Then regional cerebral blood flow was measured by the method and a significant correlation was obtained with rCBF measured using the 133Xe inhalation method (r = 0.773). The one-point Ca(t) method provides fast, easy, accurate and non-invasive measurement of rCBF without inserting catheters and without treatment of arterial blood with octanol.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本核医学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本核医学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本核医学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured in 13 patients with various cerebral disease by N-isopropyl-p-[123I]iodoamphetamine (IMP) SPECT with the microsphere model (rCBF (CbST)), which was compared with 133Xe inhalation SPECT (rCBFXe). Continuous withdrawal of arterial blood was performed for 5 minutes and SPECT image was obtained from 25 min to 55 min after the tracer injection. The reconstructed counts at 5 min was corrected using entire cerebral counts collected at 5 min, 20 min, and 60 min after the tracer injection. As compared with rCBFXe, rCBF (CbST) was underestimated in high flow areas and overestimated in low flow areas. Regional CBF was also measured using one minute short time SPECT images at 5 min (rCBF (Cb5)), 20 min (rCBF (Cb20)), and 60 min (rCBF (Cb60)) after the injection. Regional CBF tended to be underestimated with time from the tracer injection due to the wash-out from brain tissue to blood. In comparison with rCBF (Cb5), rCBF (CbST) was underestimated in high flow areas and overestimated in low flow areas. This error was considered to be due to the correction of reconstruct counts using entire cerebral counts, because of the kinetic behavior of 123I-IMP was different in each region of the brain.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本核医学会  

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=1994&ichushi_jid=J00251&link_issn=&doc_id=19950006450002&doc_link_id=%2Fed0kakui%2F1994%2F003104%2F002%2F0319-0326%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fed0kakui%2F1994%2F003104%2F002%2F0319-0326%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

To evaluate the regional cerebral blood flow measurement with N-isopropyl-p-[123I]iodoamphetamine (IMP), we performed 123I-IMP SPECT and 133Xe inhalation method on 9 patients with mild cerebrovascular diseases and so on. A tracer dose of 123I-IMP (111 MBq) was injected i.v. and the data were obtained 15 min later. Regional CBF was measured by the microsphere model and arterial blood sampling method. However, mean cerebral blood flow values was not in agreement with both methods. We supposed the reason of the disagreement was due to the difference of PaCO2 when the studies were performed. Hence, CBF measurement with 123I-IMP was performed on the other patient's population with loading of hyperventilation before the IMP injection. Comparing with the control state with normal breathing, we calculated the rate of change of mean CBF between the state with normal breathing and the state with hyperventilation that was 1.02 ml/100 g/min/mmHg PaCO2. After the correction with the rate, we observed a much significant relation between the mean CBF measured with 123I-IMP SPECT and 133Xe inhalation method. When compared CBF values with loading studies or certain therapies, the correction of CBF with the rate of change of PaCO2 is one of the very important factors to be considered. Moreover, 133Xe inhalation method without the correction of PaCO2 can not be a golden standard method for rCBF measurement.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本核医学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Epilepsy Society  

DOI： 10.3805/jjes.12.205

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Society of Radiological Technology  

DOI： 10.6009/jjrt.KJ00003326310

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

We developed a new graphic method using N-isopropyl-p-[123I]iodoamphetamine (IMP) and SPECT of the brain, the graph on which all three parameters, cerebral blood flow, distribution volume (Vd) and delayed count to early count ratio (Delayed/Early ratio), were able to be evaluated simultaneously. The kinetics of 123I-IMP in the brain was analyzed by a 2-compartment model, and a standard input function was prepared by averaging the time activity curves of 123I-IMP in arterial blood on 6 patients with small cerebral infarction etc. including 2 normal controls. Being applied this method to the differential diagnosis between Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy, we were able to differentiate both with a glance, because the distribution volume of the frontal lobe significantly decreased in Parkinson's disease (Mean +/- SD; 26 +/- 6 ml/g). This method was clinically useful. We think that the distribution volume of 123I-IMP may reflect its retention mechanism in the brain, and the values are related to amine, especially to dopamine receptors and its metabolism.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本核医学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The biodistribution of 125I-Iomazenil (Ro 16-0154), a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, was examined using in vivo autoradiography of gerbil brain. 125I-Iomazenil was administrated i.v. into male gerbils, and autoradiography was prepared from coronary sections of the animals decapitated at 5, 60, 120 and 180 min after injection. Initial uptake images (5 min) of 125I-Iomazenil were thought to show blood flow distribution. On the images obtained 120-180 min after administration, high activity of 125I-Iomazenil was observed in the cerebral cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, globus pallidus, thalamus, hypothalamus, superior colliculus, substantia nigra and cerebellar cortex in the areas of which benzodiazepine receptor concentration was reported to be high. However, low activity was observed in the caudate-putamen. Accumulation of 125I-Iomazenil was blocked by pre-administration of flumazenil. 123I-Ro 16-0154 has a high potentiality for benzodiazepine receptor mapping by SPECT.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本メジフィジックス(株)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

N-isopropyl-p-[I-123] iodoamphetamine (I-123 IMP) SPECT studies were performed on a 75-year-old patient who could be clinically classified as subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (Binswanger's disease). Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was quantitatively measured by a microsphere model, and was diffusely decreased in the whole brain (mean rCBF: 36 ml/100 g/minute). After a ventriculoperitoneal shunt operation, his clinical symptoms were markedly improved, and the improvement was validated by a 32% increase of mean rCBF. However, MRI and CT images showed no significant interval changes before and after the shunt operation. Regional rCBF measurement by I-123 IMP SPECT should be performed and plays an important role in the evaluation of Binswanger's disease.

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Total pages：冊   Language：Japanese

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本法医病理学会  

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2016402978

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Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/10191/44308

Language：Japanese   Publisher：医学書院  

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2015175737

Language：Japanese   Publisher：産業開発機構(株)  

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2013186654

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2008317041

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)  

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/1998015307

Language：English   Publisher：Niigata University  

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/1996037168

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Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/10191/42002

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Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/10191/38069

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