Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

The pentameride brachiopod genus Holorhynchus is a useful tool for correlation of the upper part of the Katian Stage in the Upper Ordovician. Holorhynchus occurs in the Boda Limestone, Siljan district, Sweden, but is generally only known from taxonomic descriptions. Here, we report in detail fossil occurrences relating morphology and sedimentary facies within the context of a major faunal turnover during the latest Katian. The specimens occur exclusively within the intercalated beds of pelmicritic mudstone and fossiliferous layers, which are down-slope storm deposits. The comparison of sedimentary features between the beds with and without Holorhynchus suggests that the animal inhabited fluid conditions on a muddy substrate, such as the channel environment reconstructed herein. The geological and autecological evidence suggests that the environmental conditions on the seabed were eutrophic. The opportunist Holorhynchus rapidly explored new habitats during a time of transition.

DOI： 10.1080/11035897.2014.945619

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

Immobile benthic organisms lacking attachment or cementation mechanisms are considered to be best adapted to quiet bottom environments. Since the free-living Lower Permian spiriferinide brachiopod Pachycyrtella omanensis inhabited a sandy substrate with high-energy water flow, flume experiments were performed to show the possible hydrodynamic advantages of shell morphology in postural stability and generation of feeding flows. Modelling indicates that a vertical position, with the commissure plane perpendicular to the seabed, was the most unstable, although it is considered to have been its original life position. On the other hand, the passive flow inside the model in vertical position exhibited vortex movement with constant degree of inhalent flow and exhalent flow, conferring advantages on the effective filtration of food particles using a spiral lophophore. The intensity and movement of the passive flow for feeding could have been adjusted through changes in the angle of opening of the valves. As the shoreface habitat was affected by oscillatory flows, a small-sized animal could have undergone a high risk of burial, while an increase in size would have led to easier removal from the sandy bottom. To avoid both physical risks, Pachycyrtella developed a thick shell with a high rate of growth, specifically increasing the weight of the ventral umbo without altering its morphofunction to generate passive feeding flows. Biomechanics, functional morphology, opportunistic species, Pachycyrtella, Spiriferinida, suspension feeder.

DOI： 10.1111/let.12052

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Czech Geological Survey  

The mode of life of the remopleuridid trilobite Hypodicranotus striatulus Walcott (1875) was examined hydrodynami-cally with a special focus on the relationship between the autecological performances of swimming and feeding. To understand the effect of swimming height from the sea bottom on the hydrodynamic performance of the exoskeleton, we performed computational fluid dynamics simulations on four models at differing distances from the sea bottom. The results indicated that Hypodicranotus could launch itself from the sea bottom with a relatively strong hydrodynamic lift force from slow walking or swimming speeds. However, the lift force decreased as the swimming height increased at slow swimming speeds. Hence, Hypodicranotus would have had to increase its swimming speed to greater than 0.2 m/s and to obtain the most stable lift force at a swimming height equal to half of its own body height. Its exoskeletal morphology, with a forked hypostome, enabled it to launch itself at a slow velocity and swim at a modest distance, i.e., close to its own height, from the sea bottom. Feeding from the median vortex flows along the food groove between the two prongs of the hypostome may have been the best strategy near the sea bottom, where a large amount of food matter would have been available. Because arthropod musculature consists of striated muscles, which exhibit inferior endurance, Hypodicranotus most likely adapted to the near-bottom environment, where it could rest at times on the sea bottom as part of a nektobenthic mode of life.

DOI： 10.3140/bull.qeosci.1409

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

The sophisticated hydrodynamic performance achieved by the exoskeleton and the long, forked hypostome of the remopleuridid trilobite Hypodicranotus striatus was demonstrated using image-based modelling and computational fluid dynamics simulation techniques. To understand the function of the long, forked hypostome, we examined two types of exoskeletal models, one with and one without the hypostome. We simulated the flow structures around the exoskeletal models under several ambient flow velocities to evaluate the shapes of the streamlines, the values of the drag and lift forces and the relevant coefficients acting on the models. The simulation results showed that the long, forked hypostome prevents the formation of a ventral vortex; thus, it stabilises the flow structure under all of the ambient velocities tested. Moreover, the hypostome functions to create positive lift, with stable lift coefficients observed under a wide range of velocities, and to reduce the drag coefficient as velocity increases. These results imply that the hypostome can reduce viscous drag with a modest lift force, which is an essential requirement for actively swimming animals. We conclude that the long, forked hypostome evolved to provide an active and stable swimming system, and we therefore hypothesise that Hypodicranotus exoskeletal morphology resulted from the adaptation to be a high-performance swimmer. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jtbi.2012.01.012

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOC JAPAN  

The internal morphology of the productide brachiopod Anidanthus ussuricus from the Middle Permian of the Takakurayama area, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, shows an evident pattern of brachial ridges that are identified as a four-lobed ptycholophe of the feeding organ or lophophore. Because a ptycholophe has not previously been identified in productidines, we describe this structure to provide further insight into the morphology of the productide lophophore. A comparison of the lophophores between the productides and the extant thecideoids suggested that during the growth of productides, the disposition of a multilobed ptycholophe requires the development of elevated platform-like ridges or the enlargement of the dorsal valve, both of which provide greater area for the attachment of the lophophore. In contrast, the simple ptycholophe of Anidanthus is located on a faint relief of brachial ridges, which agrees with what has been observed fir the thecideoid ptycholophe. Because the productide shell form plays a role in the generation of passive feeding flows, it is expected that the productide feeding system, which supplies the energetic demands of the organism, would develop in response to the interaction between the lophophore and the overall shell form of productides.

DOI： 10.2517/1342-8144-15.4.233

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

Water-flume experiments were performed to determine whether the concavo-convex Permian brachiopod Waagenoconcha imperfecta was hydrodynamically adapted for feeding. The generation of passive currents inside the valves was observed experimentally. The use of four transparent, hollow polyhedron models, each differing in a single morphological feature, permitted observation of the currents inside the valves and allowed evaluation of the hydrodynamic significance of the ears and the prominent geniculated trail. Regardless of the direction of ambient flow, only the approximate-imitation model generated a stable flow pattern consisting of inhalation from the ear gapes and exhalation from the anterior trail gape; models lacking or with small changes in these morphological features failed to generate stable flow patterns. The stable flow pattern was probably maintained by a pressure difference between the posterior lower ear gapes (maximum pressure) and the anterior trail gape (minimum pressure). Notably, bilaterally rotating internal currents formed parallel to the brachial ridges; such flow patterns would facilitate the capture of food particles by the animal via tentacles on its lophophore, which is most likely were located on the brachial ridges. Our results demonstrate that the immobile brachiopod W. imperfecta, an animal incapable of widely opening its valves, probably fed on the passive internal currents generated by its shell form. This unique valve morphology appears to be perfectly adapted from a hydrodynamic point of view.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1502-3931.2010.00243.x

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

The transition of sedimentary environments and their organism-related responses is exemplified in the active margin setting of the Middle Permian in the Southern Kitakami Massif. The transition in the sedimentary environment began with a shallowing-upward sequence at an upper slope to an outer shelf depositional setting that was associated with a delta system which transported abundant botanic remains in the Hoso-o Formation. By contrast, the sediments of the overlying Kamiyasse Formation, the base of which is roughly equivalent to the lowermost Capitanian, were deposited at a lower shoreface to the outer shelf setting, which originated from complex depositional sources, including beach, near shore reef mounds and a nearby independent area of shallow and hard substratum with a considerable difference of depth. This unique depositional setting resulted in the seemingly 'mixed' fauna associated with this formation. The depositional environment of the overlying Kurosawa Formation is similar to that of the Hoso-o Formation, but with far fewer monotonous biotic remains. A comparison of lithological characteristics and fossil remains with those of neighboring regions suggests that the independent mounds were generated as if the talus formed elsewhere so as to provide a large amount of skeletal elements to a deeper basin in the earliest Capitanian. Accordingly, the complex sedimentary setting observed in the Kamiyasse Formation occurs widely throughout the South Kitakami Massif, making possible the 'mixed' and seemingly diverse fauna from a mixture of multiple allochthonous origins.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1440-1738.2011.00760.x

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

Evidence suggests that biological forms that provide physiological and autecological functions have evolved to adapt to environmental conditions and to optimise requisite morpho-functions. We examined whether shell morphology is functionally optimised to generate passive feeding flow in the Devonian spiriferide brachiopod Paraspinfer bownockeri. This study was based on quantitative results from a computational fluid dynamics simulation and the Lagrangian multiplier method. We estimated the optimum development of the ventral median shell depression, which is called the sulcus, by minimising the pressure difference along the gape. This estimation was made under the constraint that the number of spiral flow rotations must be greater than one, which is effective for spiriferide feeding because of its alignment with the spiral lophophore. During mathematical optimisation, the equation resulted in a suitable flow velocity of approximately 0.1 m/s. At this velocity, the pressure difference was minimised, regardless of sulcus development. The constraint equation showed that the number of spiral flow rotations increased with sulcus development. The optimal solution was similar to the original sulcus form of Paraspirifer under an ambient flow of approximately 0.1 m/s. This result suggests that the variation of shell outline in spiriferids could provide a variety of preferential conditions for ambient flow and that the flow intensity could be adjusted by sulcus development to generate a robust passive feeding flow along the spiral feeding organs. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.02.004

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF BENTHOLOGY  

It has been widely accepted that articulate brachiopod adaptation to and radiation within various benthic environments is reflected in the variability of their attachment organ, the so-called "pedicle". To evaluate how the pedicle functions, the behavior of the terebratulide brachiopod <i>Laqueus rubellus</i>, harvested from Osezaki, Suruga Bay, Japan, was observed for one month in an aquarium. The behavior analysis focused particularly on pedicle movement and its associated muscular system. Anatomical observations of the muscular system demonstrated that the paired dorsal and ventral adjustor muscles are connected to the root of the pedicle via the mantle membrane, and the two muscles of each side cross in an x-shaped configuration. As a result, the pedicle should rotate when either set of adjustor muscles contracts. A succession of such movements would allow the animal to shift its position on the sea bottom while remaining attached to small pieces of debris, such as pebbles or bioclasts. In addition, the twisting and shaking of this brachiopod as a result of multiple successive pedicle rotations has a lifting effect due to the low density of its body compared to the surrounding sediment. Thus, this movement provides a means of avoiding burial. Previous studies of the relationships between benthic fauna and marine environments have indicated that articulate brachiopods can disperse into any benthic environment and attach to whatever debris exists. These studies have also shown that the abundance of articulate brachiopods depends on competition, nutrient supply, and predation pressure. Given the stable nutrient conditions on the sea bottom off Osezaki, competition and/or predation pressure appear to determine whether or not <i>Laqueus rubellus</i> can flourish in this benthic community.

DOI： 10.5179/benthos.65.18

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

It has been suggested that spiriferide morphologies have evolved to adapt to a variety of environmental conditions. Through a computational fluid dynamics approach, we examined how the spiriferide original form was optimized for a lotic condition, specifically addressing the functionalization of the Devonian spiriferide brachiopod Paraspirifer bownockeri to generate passive feeding flows. The results using four models, each of which differed in the development of the spiriferide shell depression, i.e. sulcus, showed that a deeper sulcus functions to create strong spiral flows so as to align on the feeding organ inside the shell. Among the sulcus-developed models, only the mimic of the natural form could generate comparative slow flows with a stable inflow area. The fossil record of spiriferides shows a morphological trade-off between the development of the sulcus and wing form. We concluded that spiriferide shells with such a morphological combination evolved to produce various feeding strategies, resulting in diversification.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02024.x

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

A mechanism of generating passive feeding flow for the Devonian spiriferide brachiopod Paraspirifer bownockeri was theoretically elucidated through fluid dynamics simulations for flow around rigid shells. The RANS equations were used as a turbulence model, and the unsteady incompressible flow was solved using the finite volume method. Two directions of ventral and dorsal flows were investigated as typical cases where little exchange flow occurs inside the shells. The digital model of the shell was constructed using image processing of X-ray CT images of a shell replica made by molding a polycarbonate plate to a well-preserved fossil specimen of Paraspirifer. To examine the effect of flow velocity, three conditions of ambient flow velocity were adopted for both the ventral and dorsal flows. The pressure distribution along the gape showed that a relatively high pressure occurred around the sulcus in all simulated cases. This high pressure generated inflow from the sulcus and subsequent spiral internal flow, especially in fast ambient flows. This means that the sulcus generated the considerable pressure gradient around the gape passively and generated the stable intake of seawater and a spiral flow of water inside the shell for feeding. We conclude that the shell form of certain spiriferides could generate spiral flows so as to promote passive feeding, and the sulcus is interpreted as an important form for the passive intake of water. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.02.018

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

The Hirnantian (Upper Ordovician) sequence of the Boda Limestone is defined and described as a new formal Upper Boda Member. It has four petrologically distinct, bedded units containing three strikingly different trilobite faunas. These differences are thought to be caused by a sea-level lowering leading to the first Hirnantian sea-level lowstand and successive transgression as well as to shifts in sea-water chemistry. This is indicated by the occurrence of a level with botryoidal carbonate cement. On top follows the upper Hirnantian Glisstjarn Formation.

DOI： 10.1080/11035890903452670

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Palaeontological Society of Japan (PSJ)  

The valve opening system of the Permian concavo-convex productid brachiopod Waagenoconcha imperfecta is discussed in reference to the mode of the valve articulatory system and the reconstructed musculatory system. The analysis of the articulatory system suggests that it could open to a maximum angle of 6 degrees. The characters that seem to have played the most important roles in that process are: (1) narrow ginglymus, (2) overhanging beak above the dorsal valve, and (3) relatively narrow interior space in the posterior ventral valve, which provides little space for rotating the cardinal process and in result prevents excessive shell opening. For reconstruction of the musculatory system in productide, the relationship between the contracting direction of the adductor muscles and its mode of attachment to the dorsal valve was examined in well preserved specimens of W. imperfecta. The furrows of the attachment scars are cup-shaped, and their axes are concordant to the direction of adductor contraction. This structural relationship indicates that the paired anterior and posterior muscle scars in the median sulcus represent the attachment sites of the adductor and the diductor, respectively. The reconstructed musculatory system is fairly similar to that of the extant terebratulides. The "scars" that were thought in previous studies to be the places for attachment of the massive and powerful diductor muscle in productides seem to be the imprints of the mantle canal on the interior ventral valve. All this suggests that the previous interpretation claiming that productides could open and dose valves actively, should be abandoned. © by the Palaeontological Society of Japan.

DOI： 10.2517/1342-8144(2007)11[265:AAMSIA]2.0.CO;2

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Society for Sedimentary Geology  

ABSTRACT

The sedimentary environments and redox conditions of the Lower Triassic Osawa Formation in the Southern Kitakami Terrane were reconstructed based on lithofacies, trace fossils, and other paleontological content. The muddy and sandy lithofacies of the Osawa Formation lack evidence of storm waves despite the presence of storm-induced turbidites, suggesting that the oldest deposits of the Osawa Formation were deposited in the proximal part of the outer shelf. In turn, water depth increased from the lower to upper part of the formation, ultimately recording the distal part of the outer shelf. In addition to sandy lithofacies caused by turbidity and traction currents, multiple sandy layers within the muddy lithofacies would have originated via supply into the prodelta setting from a fan delta system. Collapses of the delta front or river system floods could have generated hyperpycnal flows, resulting in abundant supplies of mud and organic matter. Trace fossil analyses revealed that the degree of bioturbation (ichnofabric indices) dramatically decreased as water-depth increased, indicating a steep oxic-dysoxic gradient along the onshore-offshore transect. Diagenetic pyrite framboids indicative of dysoxic/anoxic benthic conditions are abundant at greater water depths. Abundant pyrite framboids less than 6 μm in diameter suggest intermittent euxinicity. With an increase in global weathering, abundant sediment supply including organic matter from the fan delta system could have contributed to the development of ocean redox stratification, which appears to have impacted on the adaptation of both nektic and benthic animals of this area during the Early Triassic.

DOI： 10.2110/palo.2021.045

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Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Plankton Society of Japan/The Japanese Association of Benthology  

DOI： 10.3800/pbr.18.1

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Schweizerbart  

DOI： 10.1127/pala/2021/0115

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Other Link： http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6938-0350

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOC JAPAN  

It has been experimentally shown that the shell morphology of concavo-convex productide brachiopods has the potential to generate passive flows for feeding. However, there still remains the problem of how the presence of internal soft parts influences the course and pattern of the flows. To clarify the effect of soft parts, we performed additional experiments of fluid visualisation using a flow tank and a transparent, polyhedral model with supposed soft parts in a postero-median region. Regardless of the ambient flow directions, the experimental results showed that inflows through ear gapes turned into symmetrical vortices inside the model. The soft parts altered the course of internal flows and interfered with the vortices entering the median region. Therefore, stepwise inflows pushed the precedent vortices forward as the rotational speed decreased. As a result, the slower vortices aligned with the brachial ridges on which the lophophore was arranged. Morphologically, productide brachial ridges tend to lie in the antero-lateral corners of the dorsal disc. The rectifying effect by means of soft parts, though consequential, would enable productides to sieve food particles from gentle vortices rather than from swift vortices just after the inflow through the ear gapes.

DOI： 10.2517/2015PR011

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Hindawi Limited  

The selective advantage of empire red coloration in the shell of <italic>Laqueus rubellus</italic> (a terebratulid brachiopod) was examined in terms of prey-predator interactions. The study was based on a comparison of benthic suspension feeders living at a depth of about 130 m in Suruga Bay, Japan, with special reference to their visibility under visible and near-infrared light conditions. Almost all species exhibited red coloration under visible light, while only the shell of <italic>Laqueus</italic> was dark under infrared light, similar to rocks and bioclasts. Given the functional eyes of macropredators such as fishes and coleoids, which are specialized to detect light in the blue-to-green visible spectrum, and even the long-wavelength photoreceptors of malacosteids, <italic>Laqueus</italic> should avoid both visible and infrared detection by predators inhabiting the sublittoral bottom zone. This fact suggests that terebratulids have evolved the ability to remain essentially invisible even as the optic detection abilities of predators have improved. The present hypothesis leads to the possibility that the appearance of marine organisms is associated with the passive defensive strategy, making possible to provide a lower predation risk.

DOI： 10.5402/2012/692517

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Other Link： http://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2012/692517.xml

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Palaeontological Society of Japan  

DOI： 10.14825/kaseki.87.0_1

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOC JAPAN  

Three species of the Middle Permian echinoconchoide brachiopod Vediproductus from the Kamiyasse area, northeast Japan, V mugenjin sp. nov., V punctatiformis, and V. sp., are described, and their paleogeographic significance is discussed. V mugenjin sp. nov. is characterized as having spine bands on both the outer and inner surface of the valve, showing a strong relief with a comparatively wide interval of each band and a typical sawtooth outline of spine bands in cross-sectional view. The stratigraphic and paleogeographic distributions suggest that the genus flourished in the Tethyan province and was possibly restricted to a lower latitude than warm-cool water transitional environment.

DOI： 10.2517/1342-8144-13.3.251

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

DOI： 10.1111/j.1502-3931.2009.00185.x

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A refined foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Middle Permian Kamiyasse Formation in the Kamiyasse area north of Kesennuma, Southern Kitakami Terrane, NE Japan, is presented. Based on the stratigraphic distribution of schwagerinid and neoschwagerinid fusulinoideans, the Kamiyasse Formation, equivalent to the Kanokura Formation in the type area (Setamai-Yahagi area), is subdivided into the Monodiexodina sutchanica, Parafusulina motoyoshiensis and Lepidolina shiraiwensis Zone in ascending order, all of which appear to correspond to the Midian (latest Wordian to Capitanian) in age. The M. sutchanica Zone is here defined as integrated with cross-stratified sandstone beds in the bottom of the formation, and this zone is no longer equivalent to the previously defined M. matsubaishi (junior synonym of M. sutchanica) Zone in the Iwaizaki Limestone and the Kanokura Formation of the type area. The other two zones are defined with the first occurrences of the zonal species. Foraminifers are highly diverse along the stratigraphic interval between the Parafusulina motoyoshiensis and Lepidolina shiraiwensis Zones. Fifty-seven species belonging to 42 genera of foraminifers are identified. Nineteen species among them are systematically described and discussed, including the following three species: Baisalina rikuzenensis sp. nov., whose middle and later whorls are subdivided into more than fifteen chamberlets by septal protrusions; Wutuella sp., previously misidentified as "Cancellina" sp.; and Septagathammina sp., exclusively known from South China.

DOI： 10.2517/1342-8144-13.1.079

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Geological Society of Japan  

A fusulinid fauna, newly distinguished from the calcareous conglomerate of the Middle Permian Hoso-o Formation in Kamiyasse area, southern Kitakami Mountain, Northeast Japan, consists of Sumatrina cf. annae, Pseudodoliolina pseudolepida, Chusenella sinensis, and others. An early Midian age (late Wordian) is strongly suggestive for this fauna by the presence of Sumatrina cf. annae and the absence of both primitive forms of Neoschwagerina and Afghanella indicating an early-middle Murgabian age, and advanced forms of Lepidolina and Yabeina referable to the middle-late Midian. This age assignment of the formation by fusulinids is consistent with the previous ones by ammonoids.

DOI： 10.5575/geosoc.114.200

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ASIN

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Event date： 2020.2

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2014.1

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2013.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2013.6

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2013.6

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2013.5

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2013.1

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2012.7

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2012.6

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (nominated)  

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Event date： 2012.1

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2011.7

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2011.2

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (nominated)  

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Event date： 2011.1

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2010.6

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2010.2

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2010.1

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2009.6

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2009.5

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2009.3

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2009.1

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2008.9

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2008.7

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2008.7

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2008.5

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2008.5

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2008.2

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2008.1

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2007.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2007.6 - 2007.7

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2007.2

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2007.2

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2007.2

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2006.2

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2006.2

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2004.6

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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