Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Background: Rice crackers are composed of carbohydrates refined from rice and enjoyed as a snack in Japan. Most rice crackers are crafted from white rice, and the potential postprandial blood glucose rise following their consumption may pose a clinical concern. Brown rice contains more dietary fiber than white rice and has been reported to suppress elevations of blood glucose. Dietary fiber-enhanced brown rice crackers have a significantly higher dietary fiber content than regular brown rice crackers and can be expected to suppress blood glucose elevations more reliably. Methods: We conducted a crossover trial in humans using white rice crackers and dietary fiber-enhanced brown rice crackers to investigate the effect of dietary fiber-enhanced brown rice crackers on postprandial blood glucose elevations. Participants ingested the 100 g rice crackers with 200 mL water for 10 min, and blood was collected from the fingertip at 7 time points: baseline, and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after ingestion of the rice cracker. The primary outcome measure was the blood glucose levels, and the secondary outcome measure was the incremental area under curve of blood glucose. Results: Glucose levels and incremental areas under curve at 60 min and 120 min after intake were significantly lower with dietary fiber-enhanced brown rice crackers than with white rice crackers. Incremental area under curves at 60 min and 120 min after intake of rice crackers were also significantly lower in dietary fiber-enhanced brown rice crackers than white rice crackers. Conclusions: Ingesting dietary fiber-enhanced brown rice crackers instead of white rice crackers could be useful for achieving better glycemic control.

DOI： 10.31989/ffhd.v13i11.1231

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)インフォノーツパブリッシング  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本内分泌学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)ライフメディコム  

機能性表示食品は、科学的根拠に基づいた機能性を表示した食品とされ、必要な事項が事業者より消費者庁長官に届けられたものである。機能性表示食品は、特定保健用食品(トクホ)と異なり、消費者庁長官の個別の許可を受けたものではない。消費者庁のホームページで「中性脂肪」、「コレステロール」について機能性表示を行っている販売中の食品の機能性関与成分としては、リコピン、DHA・EPAが挙げられる。リコピンの脂質代謝改善作用については統一した見解がない。DHA・EPAについては、二次予防においてはエビデンスがあるが、一次予防についてはまだその有用性は証明されていない。その他にも脂質代謝改善作用が期待できる食品はあるが、いずれも実際に臨床現場で使用できるエビデンスが確立されているとは言い難い。今後、さまざまな食品によるヒト臨床試験が進んでいき、一次予防が可能な食品が現れることを期待したい。(著者抄録)

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本内分泌学会  

72歳男性。入院6日前より近医にて低Na血症、甲状腺機能低下に対しレボチロキシン内服を開始されたが効果はなく、意識障害となって救急搬送された。20歳代よりBasedow病の既往がある。入院時現症、血液検査、画像検査各所見より、急性膵炎疑い、粘液水腫性昏睡の診断基準で確実例となり粘液水腫昏睡と診断した。ヒドロコルチゾン、レボチロキシン投与、ドパミン塩酸塩の持続静注、3%生理食塩水を開始し、低体温に対するウォームアップ、急性膵炎疑いに対する細胞外液大量投与とウリナスタチン投与を行った結果、全身状態は順調に改善した。経過中、腹痛や背部痛の訴えはなかった。甲状腺エコー所見より、粘液水腫性昏睡は甲状腺機能低下を伴う未治療橋本病により発症し、粘液水腫性昏睡による低体温、虚血障害に起因して急性膵炎を発症したと考えられた。

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2021&ichushi_jid=J01160&link_issn=&doc_id=20210811280012&doc_link_id=%2Fcq6naibu%2F2021%2F0097s1%2F013%2F0038-0040%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fcq6naibu%2F2021%2F0097s1%2F013%2F0038-0040%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

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AIMS: Obesity and hepatic fat accumulation diminish hepatic insulin clearance, which can cause hyperinsulinaemia. Sodium/glucose-cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-is) improve insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia by weight loss via increased urinary glucose excretion in type 2 diabetes. However, there are few reports of the influence of SGLT2-is on hepatic insulin clearance. We examined the impact of an SGLT2-i on hepatic insulin clearance and explored the clinical influence associated with changes in hepatic insulin clearance via an SGLT2-i and the mechanism of the effects of SGLT2-i. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were analysed from 419 patients with type 2 diabetes controlled by diet and exercise. Patients received a placebo or the SGLT2-i tofogliflozin (TOFO) (placebo: n = 56; TOFO: n = 363) orally once daily for ≥24 weeks. Hepatic insulin clearance was calculated from the ratio of areas under the curve (AUC) of C-peptide and insulin levels derived from oral meal tolerance test data (C-peptide AUC0-120 min /insulin AUC0-120 min : HICCIR ). The correlation of HICCIR via the SGLT2-i with other clinical variables was analysed using multivariate analysis. RESULTS: HICCIR was significantly increased via TOFO at week 24. Furthermore, with TOFO insulin and triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.001) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) was significantly elevated (P < 0.001). Changes in HICCIR were significantly correlated with changes in TG and BHB via TOFO. CONCLUSIONS: Increased HICCIR was significantly associated with reduced TG via TOFO and contributed to the greater increase in BHB compared with placebo in addition to the correction of hyperinsulinaemia.

DOI： 10.1111/dom.13980

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AIMS: To determine incidence and predictors of starting dialysis in patients with diabetes emphasizing blood pressure variables. METHODS: A nationwide database with claim data on 18 935 people (15 789 men and 3146 women) with diabetes mellitus aged 19 to 72 years in Japan was used to elucidate predictors for starting dialysis. Initiation of dialysis was determined from claims using ICD-10 codes and medical procedures. Using multivariate Cox modelling, interactions between glycaemic and blood pressure values were determined. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 5.3 years, incidence of dialysis was 0.81 per 1000 person-years. Multivariate analysis of a model involving systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) simultaneously as covariates showed that hazard ratios (HRs) for starting dialysis for each 1-SD elevation in SBP and DBP were 2.05 (95% confidence interval 1.58-2.64) and 0.66 (0.50-0.88), respectively, implying that pulse pressure (PP) was a promising predictor. For confirmation, a model involving SBP and PP simultaneously as covariates demonstrated that HRs for each 1-SD elevation in SBP and PP were 1.09 (0.81-1.48) and 1.54 (1.14-2.08), respectively, with PP the more potent predictor. Compared with HbA1c <8% and PP <60 mmHg, the HR for those with HbA1c ≥8% and PP ≥60 mmHg was 6.32 (3.42-11.7). CONCLUSIONS: In our historical cohort analysis, SBP and PP were independent predictors for starting dialysis. PP was the more potent, suggesting the contribution of increased arterial stiffness to the incidence of dialysis. Future studies are needed to conclude the independent influence of PP and HbA1c on dialysis considering other risk factors.

DOI： 10.1002/dmrr.3120

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BACKGROUND: Chronic heart failure (CHF) involves fluid retention and volume overload, leading to impaired cardiac function. In these conditions, diuretic agents are most commonly used to treat edema and thereby reducing the volume load on the failing heart. There are several other beneficial effects of diuretics apart from their action on urinary excretion. METHODS: To identify the effects of diuretic agents on adverse cardiac remodeling in CHF, this study was carried out, where we have compared the effects of torasemide and spironolactone in a rat model of dilated cardiomyopathy induced by porcine cardiac myosin-mediated experimental autoimmune myocarditis. RESULTS: Cardiac protein expression levels of inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and fibrosis markers were upregulated in the hearts of CHF rats, while treatment with either torasemide or spironolactone has downregulated their expression. The effect produced by spironolactone on cardiac fibrosis markers was comparably lesser than torasemide. Further, immunohistochemical analysis and histopathological studies have provided evidence to confirm the beneficial effects of these drugs on adverse cardiac remodeling in rats with CHF. CONCLUSION: Torasemide treatment has benefits against adverse cardiac remodeling in CHF rats, which was better than the protection offered by spironolactone.

DOI： 10.1111/1755-5922.12283

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Developing confirmation recommends that in patients with dynamic type of NAFLD, particularly nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) may have the pathogenic parts in the advancement of kidney damage. In this study we have examined the impact of curcumin on NASH instigated chronic kidney damage (CKD) and the putative mechanisms. To prepare this NASH model, neonatal C57BL/6J male mice were exposed to low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) and were fed high-fat diet (HFD) at the age of 4weeks and continued up to 14weeks, curcumin was given at 100mg/kg dose by oral gavage daily after 10weeks of STZ injection and continued for 4weeks along with HFD feeding. NASH incited mice demonstrated nephrotoxicity as proved by declining renal capacity, which was evaluated by measuring blood urea nitrogen and creatinine in serum and histopathological variations from the norm. These progressions were switched by curcumin treatment, which brought about huge change in renal capacity. Furthermore, curcumin markedly decreased NAD(P)H oxidase subunits (p67phox, p47phox, p22phox), nitrotyrosine and CYP2E1 renal protein expression as well as reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (TNFα, IL-1β, IFNγ). Renal protein expression of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) (p-JNK, p-ERK1/2) and glucose regulated protein 78, CHOP were increased in NASH induced mice and curcumin treatment attenuated these increased expressions. In addition, curcumin treatment also decreased the apoptosis signaling proteins (cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-12) in the NASH kidney. Taken together, our results suggest that curcumin preserves the renal function, probably by attenuating the ER stress mediated MAPK signaling.

DOI： 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.05.035

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Curcumin, a phenolic compound, has a wide spectrum of therapeutic effects such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and so on. The study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of curcumin to protect liver damage and progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in a novel NASH-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mouse model. To induce this model neonatal C57BL/6J male mice were exposed to low-dose streptozotocin and were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) from the age of 4weeks to 14weeks. Curcumin was given at 100mg/kg dose daily by oral gavage started at the age of 10weeks and continued until 14weeks along with HFD feeding. We found that curcumin improved the histopathological changes of the NASH liver via reducing the level of steatosis, fibrosis associated with decreasing serum aminotransferases. In addition, curcumin treatment markedly reduced the hepatic protein expression of oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines including interferon (IFN) γ, interleukin-1β and IFNγ-inducible protein 10, in NASH mice. Furthermore, curcumin treatment significantly reduced the cytoplasmic translocation of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and the protein expression of toll like receptor 4. Nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) was also dramatically attenuated by the curcumin in NASH liver. Curcumin treatment effectively reduced the progression of NASH to HCC by suppressing the protein expression of glypican-3, vascular endothelial growth factor, and prothrombin in the NASH liver. Our data suggest that curcumin reduces the progression of NASH and liver damage, which may act via inhibiting HMGB1-NF-κB translocation.

DOI： 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.01.016

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Cardiac fibrosis is the major hallmark of adverse cardiac remodeling in chronic heart failure (CHF) and its therapeutic targeting might help against cardiac dysfunction during chronic conditions. Diuretic agents are potentially useful in these cases, but their effects on the cardiac fibrosis pathogenesis are yet to be identified. This study was designed to identify and compare the effects of diuretic drugs torasemide and furosemide on cardiac fibrosis in a rat model of dilated cardiomyopathy induced by porcine cardiac myosin mediated experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Gap junction proteins, connexin-43 and N-cadherin, expressions were downregulated in the hearts of CHF rats, while torasemide treatment has upregulated their expression. Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis for various cardiac fibrosis related proteins as well as histopathological studies have shown that both drugs have potential anti-fibrotic effects. Among them, torasemide has superior efficacy in offering protection against adverse cardiac remodeling in the selected rat model of dilated cardiomyopathy. In conclusion, torasemide treatment has potential anti-fibrotic effect in the hearts of CHF rats, possibly via improving the gap junction proteins expression and thereby improving the cell-cell interaction in the heart. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(2):187-194, 2017.

DOI： 10.1002/biof.1332

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Le Carbone (LC) is a charcoal supplement, which contains a large amount of dietary fibers. Several studies suggested that charcoal supplement may be beneficial for stomach disorders, diarrhea, gas and indigestion. But no studies address whether LC intake would suppress inflammation, cell proliferation or disease progression in colitis. In the present study, the effect of LC on experimental colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice and its possible mechanism of action were examined. A study was designed for 8days, using C57BL/6 female mice that were administered with 3% DSS in drinking water for 7days followed by another 1day consumption of normal water with or without treatment. LC suspension was administered daily for 7days via oral gavage using 5mg/mouse in treatment group and normal group was supplied with drinking water. LC suspension significantly attenuated the loss of body weight and shortening of colon length induced by DSS. The disease activity index, histopathologic changes were significantly reduced by LC treatment. The inflammatory mediators TNFα, IL-1β, p-STAT3 and p-NF-κB induced in the colon by DSS were markedly suppressed by LC. The increased activation of AMPKα in the colon was also detected in LC group. Furthermore, the apoptotic marker protein cleaved caspase 3 was down-regulated and anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl2 and Bcl-xL were significantly up-regulated by LC treatment. Taken together, our results demonstrate the ability of LC to inhibit inflammation, apoptosis and give some evidence for its potential use as adjuvant treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

DOI： 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.10.023

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DOI： 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.07.003

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OBJECTIVE: Fasting (48h) in mice causes resistance to insulin-induced hypoglycemic seizures (IIHS) but in rats fasting (14-16h) predisposes IIHS. So we suspect the duration of fasting may possibly affect the onset of seizures and in this study, we investigated the IIHS by administering 8 Units (U) insulin (INS)/k.g., intraperitoneally to 8 weeks old male C57BL6/J mice. METHODS: The mice were divided into group 1 (non-fasted), group 2 (6h fasted) and group 3 (24h fasted) and we administered the 8U INS. The first behavioral hypoglycemic seizure symptoms such as jump, clonus or barrel rotations considered as seizure onset and we analyzed the blood glucose level (BGL) and serum beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) level. RESULTS: The time of first seizure onset in group 1 was 109.7±4.3min, group 2 was 46.50±3.9min and group 3 was 165.4±13.26min. The seizure onset time in group 2 was significantly decreased compared to group 1. The seizure onset time in group 3 was significantly increased compared to group 1 and group 2. The decreased BGL after INS administration was correlated with the seizure onset time in group 1 and group 2 but not in group 3. The BHB level in group 3 was significantly higher compared to group 1 and 2. CONCLUSION: Our data show that the fasting time duration significantly modulates the onset of hypoglycemic seizures. The opposite effect of 6h or 24h fasting time duration is likely caused by different BHB levels.

DOI： 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2016.06.009

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Language：English   Publisher：AMER DIABETES ASSOC  

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AIMS: Sustained glucagon infusion increases hepatic glucose production, but this effect is transient due to hypothalamic glucagon signaling. In hypoglycemia, glucagon acts as a major defense to sustain the blood glucose level and this raises the question regarding glucagon signaling associated glucose production in prolonged fasting hypoglycemia. In this study, we investigated the proteins associated with hypothalamic glucagon signaling and liver gluconeogenesis during fasting hypoglycemia. MAIN METHODS: 8-9week old, male C57BL6/J mice were fasted for 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36 or 42h. In the hypothalamus, we investigated glucagon signaling by analyzing the glucagon receptor and its downstream protein, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 (PGC-1) expression. In the liver, we investigated gluconeogenesis by analyzing p-protein kinase A (PKA)(Ser/Thr) substrate and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase - cytosolic (PEPCK-C) expression using the western blotting technique. KEY FINDINGS: The elevated or trended higher hypothalamic glucagon receptor and PGC-1 expressions at 18 and 42h were correlated with the attenuated liver p-PKA(Ser/Thr) substrate expression. The attenuated hypothalamic glucagon receptor and PGC-1 expressions at 12, 24, 30 and 36h were correlated with the elevated or trended higher liver p-PKA(Ser/Thr) substrate expression. SIGNIFICANCE: The hypothalamic glucagon signaling during fasting hypoglycemia might have been modulated by circadian rhythm and this possibly attenuates the liver p-PKA(Ser/Thr) substrate to modify the gluconeogenesis pathway. This mechanism will help to understand the hyperglucagonemia associated complications in diabetes.

DOI： 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.04.006

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OBJECTIVE: Coronary artery lesions (CALs) and a risk for early onset of atherosclerosis are major concerns following Kawasaki disease (KD). Intimal smooth muscle cells (SMCs) have an important role in vascular lesions in KD. It is known that soluble LR11 (sLR11) is a novel biomarker for vascular lesions and LR11 is markedly expressed in intimal SMCs in atherosclerotic lesions. In this study, we hypothesized that sLR11 reflects the presence of vascular lesions late after KD. METHODS: Twenty-three age-matched controls (group 1) and 59 patients with a history of KD were enrolled; 36 with KD had normal coronary arteries or regressed aneurysms (group 2), and 23 had CALs (group 3). RESULTS: Serum sLR11 levels in group 3 (median, interquartile range (IQR): 11.1 ng/mL, 9.3-13.9 ng/mL) were significantly higher than those in groups 1 (8.4 ng/mL, 7.1-10.2 ng/mL, p < 0.001) and 2 (9.0 ng/mL, 7.7-10.1 ng/mL, p < 0.01). Levels of sLR11 were positively correlated with levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (r = 0.480, p < 0.01) and lipoprotein (a) (r = 0.486, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that sLR11 reflects the development of vascular lesions in patients with serious CALs.

DOI： 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.12.035

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Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) plays a crucial role in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. Although antidiabetic use of mulberry leaves (MLs) has been popular due to their many anti-oxidative flavonoid compounds and free radical scavenging effects, ML's effects on ERS in experimental diabetic hepatocyte injury remain unknown. To investigate how ML affect ERS in diabetic liver, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were assigned to induce diabetes by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ; 55 mg/kg) and fed with either normal chow or a diet containing 25% mulberry leaf powder diet (MLD) and examined for 56 days. We observed that MLD improved the rats' morphological and histopathological changes. Levels of ERS markers such as phosphorylated double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) and the protein expression of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) were significantly higher in the diabetic liver compared to normal liver. MLD for 8 weeks significantly reduced all of these markers. MLD also significantly decreased hepatocyte apoptosis, hepatic macrophage recruitment, cellular infiltration, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 2 (TRAF2), interleukin 1[Formula: see text] (IL-1[Formula: see text]) and sterol regulatory element binding protein isoform 1c (SREBP 1c) levels in diabetic liver. These results may suggest that MLs can preserve hepatic function in experimental diabetes by modulating ERS mediated apoptosis and liver damage.

DOI： 10.1142/S0192415X16500063

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPAN SOC INTERNAL MEDICINE  

A 39-year-old woman with a 3-year history of a rounded face developed widespread myalgia. Detailed examinations revealed no disorders that could explain the pain other than concomitant Cushing's disease and central hypothyroidism. Both the hypercortisolemia and hypothyroidism completely resolved after the patient underwent surgery to treat Cushing's disease, but she continued to experience unresolved myalgia and met the diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia. Few studies have so far investigated patients with fibromyalgia associated with Cushing's syndrome. In our case, the hypothyroidism caused by Cushing's disease probably played an important role in triggering and exacerbating fibromyalgia. This highlights the need to examine the endocrine function in patients with muscle pain.

DOI： 10.2169/internalmedicine.55.5926

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Polyphenolic compound tannic acid, which is mainly found in grapes and green tea, is a potent antioxidant with anticarcinogenic activities. In this present study, we hypothesized that tannic acid could inhibit nuclear factor (NF)κB signaling and inflammation in atopic dermatitis (AD) NC/Nga mice. We have analyzed the effects of tannic acid on dermatitis severity, histopathology and expression of inflammatory signaling proteins in house dust mite extract induced AD mouse skin. In addition, serum levels of T helper (Th) cytokines (interferon (IFN)γ, interleukin (IL)-4) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Treatment with tannic acid ameliorated the development of AD-like clinical symptoms and effectively inhibited hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, acanthosis, mast cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the AD mouse skin. Serum levels of IFNγ and IL-4 were significantly down-regulated by tannic acid. Furthermore, tannic acid treatment inhibited DfE induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, high mobility group protein (HMG)B1, receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, NFκB, cyclooxygenase (COX)2, IL-1β and increased the protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ. Taken together, our results demonstrate that, DfE induced skin inflammation might be mediated through NFκB signaling and tannic acid may be a potential therapeutic agent for AD, which may possibly act via induction of PPARγ protein.

DOI： 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.05.016

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Inflammation and oxidative stress play important roles in the progression of renal damage. The natural polyphenol naringenin is known to exert potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we have investigated the effect of naringenin on kidney dysfunction, fibrosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) expression and inflammation in daunorubicin (DNR) induced nephrotoxicity model. Nephrotoxicity was induced in rats by intravenous injection of DNR at a cumulative dose of 9 mg/kg. After 1 week, naringenin (20mg/kg/day. p.o) was administered daily for 6 weeks. Biochemical studies were performed to evaluate renal function. Western blotting was performed to measure the protein levels of AT1R, endothelin (ET)1, ET receptor type A (ETAR), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, nuclear factor (NF)κB p65, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)γ, oxidative/ER stress, apoptosis, and inflammatory markers in the kidney of DNR treated rats. Histopathological analysis was done using hemotoxylin eosin and Masson trichrome stained renal sections to investigate the structural abnormalities and fibrosis. DNR treated rats suffered from nephrotoxicity as evidenced by worsened renal function, increased blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine levels in renal tissues and histopathogical abnormalities. Treatment with naringenin mitigated these changes. Furthermore, naringenin up regulated PPARγ and down regulated AT1R, ET1, ETAR, p-ERK1/2, p-NFκB p65, ER stress, apoptosis, and inflammatory markers. Our results suggest that naringenin has an ability to improve renal function and attenuates AT1R, ERK1/2-NFκB p65 signaling pathway in DNR induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

DOI： 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.05.050

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The renin angiotensin system (RAS) is essential for the regulation of cardiovascular and renal functions to maintain the fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. Recent studies have demonstrated a locally expressed RAS in various tissues of mammals, which is having pathophysiological roles in those organ system. Interestingly, local RAS has important role during the inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis. Further to delineate its role and also to identify the potential effects of telmisartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker, we have used a mouse model of acute colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium. We have used 0.01 and 5mg/kg body weight doses of telmisartan and administered as enema to facilitate the on-site action and to reduce the systemic adverse effects. Telmisartan high dose treatment significantly reduced the disease activity index score when compared with the colitis control mice. In addition, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress markers expression were also significantly reduced when compared with the colitis control mice. Subsequent experiments were carried out to investigate some of the mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory effects and identified that the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, interleukin 6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 as well as cellular DNA damage were significantly suppressed when compared with the colitis control mice. Similarly the apoptosis marker proteins such as cleaved caspase 3 and 7 levels were down-regulated and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 level was significantly upregulated by telmisartan treatment. These results indicate that blockade of RAS by telmisartan can be an effective therapeutic option against acute colitis.

DOI： 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.03.017

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Quercetin, glycosylated form of flavonoid compound, has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we have investigated the effects of quercetin on skin lesion, high-mobility group box (HMGB)1 cascade signalling and inflammation in atopic dermatitis (AD) mouse model. AD-like lesion was induced by the application of house dust mite extract to the dorsal skin of NC/Nga transgenic mouse. After AD induction, quercetin (50 mg/kg, p.o) was administered daily for 2 weeks. We evaluated dermatitis severity, histopathological changes and changes in protein expression by Western blotting for HMGB1, receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), toll-like receptor (TLR)4, nuclear factor (NF)κB, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf)2, kelch-like ECH-associated protein (Keap)1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, cyclooxygenase (COX)2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2Rα and other inflammatory markers in the skin of AD mice. In addition, serum levels of T helper (Th) cytokines (interferon (IFN)γ, IL-4) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Quercetin treatment attenuated the development of AD-like skin lesions. Histological analysis showed that quercetin inhibited hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, acanthosis, mast cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Furthermore, quercetin treatment downregulated cytoplasmic HMGB1, RAGE, nuclear p-NFκB, p-ERK1/2, COX2, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-2Rα, IFNγ and IL-4 and upregulated nuclear Nrf2. Our data demonstrated that the HMGB1/RAGE/NFκB signalling might play an important role in skin inflammation, and quercetin treatment could be a promising agent for AD by modulating the HMGB1/RAGE/NFκB signalling and induction of Nrf2 protein.

DOI： 10.1111/exd.12685

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Pruni cortex, the bark of Prunus jamasakura Siebold ex Koidzumi, has been used in the Japanese systems of medicine for many years for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitussive properties. In this study, we investigated the effect of pruni cortex on atopic dermatitis NC/Nga mouse model. Atopic dermatitis-like lesion was induced by the application of house dust mite extract to the dorsal skin. After induction of atopic dermatitis, pruni cortex aqueous extract (1 g/kg, p.o.) was administered daily for 2 weeks. We evaluated dermatitis severity, histopathological changes and cellular protein expression by Western blotting for nuclear and cytoplasmic high mobility group box 1, receptor for advanced glycation end products, nuclear factor κB, apoptosis and inflammatory markers in the skin of atopic dermatitis mice. The clinical observation confirmed that the dermatitis score was significantly lower when treated with pruni cortex than in the atopic dermatitis group. Similarly pruni cortex inhibited hypertrophy and infiltration of inflammatory cells as identified by histopathology. In addition, pruni cortex significantly inhibited the protein expression of cytoplasmic high mobility group box 1, receptor for advanced glycation end products, nuclear p-nuclear factor kappa B, apoptosis and inflammatory markers. These results indicate that pruni cortex may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of atopic dermatitis by attenuating high mobility group box 1 and inflammation possibly through the nuclear factor κB pathway.

DOI： 10.3164/jcbn.14-75

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Resveratrol is a polyphenol abundantly found in red grape skin and is effective against antiaging and anti-inflammation associated with immune responses. In this study, we have investigated the effect of resveratrol on skin lesion, high mobility group box (HMGB)1 and inflammation pathway in an atopic dermatitis (AD) mouse model. AD-like lesion was induced by the application of house dust mite extract to the dorsal skin of NC/Nga mouse. After AD induction, resveratrol (20 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered daily for 2 weeks. We evaluated dermatitis severity, histopathological changes, serum levels of T helper (Th) cytokines (interferon (IFN)γ, interleukin (IL)-4) and changes in protein expression by Western blotting for HMGB1, receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), toll like receptor (TLR)4, nuclear factor (NF)κB, phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, cyclooxygenase (COX)2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, IL-1β, IL-2Rα and other inflammatory markers in the skin of AD mice. Treatment of resveratrol inhibited the development of the AD-like skin lesions. Histological analysis showed that resveratrol inhibited hypertrophy, intracellular edema, mast cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Furthermore, resveratrol treatment down-regulated HMGB1, RAGE, p-NFκB, p-PI3K, p-ERK1/2, COX2, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-2Rα, IFNγ and IL-4. Considering all these findings together, the HMGB1 pathway might be a potential therapeutic target in skin inflammation, and resveratrol treatment could have beneficial effects on AD by modulating the HMGB1 protein expression.

PubMed

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

BAD-deficient mice and fasting have several common functional roles in seizures, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) uptake in brain and alteration in counterregulatory hormonal regulation during hypoglycemia. Neuronal specific insulin receptor knockout (NIRKO) mice display impaired counterregulatory hormonal responses during hypoglycemia. In this study we investigated the fasting mediated expression of p-BAD(ser155) and p-AKT(ser473) in different regions of brain (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, midbrain and hypothalamus). Fasting specifically increases p-BAD(ser155) and p-AKT(ser473) in prefrontal cortex and decreases in other regions of brain. Our results suggest that fasting may increase the uptake BHB by decreasing p-BAD(ser155) in the brain during hypoglycemia except prefrontal cortex and it uncovers specific functional area of p-BAD(ser155) and p-AKT(ser473) that may regulates counter regulatory hormonal response. Overall in support with previous findings, fasting mediated hypoglycemia activates prefrontal cortex insulin signaling which influences the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus mediated activation of sympathoadrenal hormonal responses.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.07.009

PubMed

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD  

Endogenous Cushing's syndrome is an endocrine disease resulting from chronic exposure to excessive glucocorticoids produced in the adrenal cortex. Although the ultimate outcome remains uncertain, functional and morphological brain changes are not uncommon in patients with this syndrome, and generally persist even after resolution of hypercortisolemia. We present an adolescent patient with Cushing's syndrome who exhibited cognitive impairment with brain atrophy. A 19-year-old Japanese male visited a local hospital following 5 days of behavioral abnormalities, such as money wasting or nighttime wandering. He had hypertension and a 1-year history of a rounded face. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed apparently diffuse brain atrophy. Because of high random plasma cortisol levels (28.7 mu g/dL) at 10 AM, he was referred to our hospital in August 2011. Endocrinological testing showed adrenocorticotropic hormone-independent hypercortisolemia, and abdominal computed tomography demonstrated a 2.7 cm tumor in the left adrenal gland. The patient underwent left adrenalectomy in September 2011, and the diagnosis of cortisol-secreting adenoma was confirmed histologically. His hypertension and Cushingoid features regressed. Behavioral abnormalities were no longer observed, and he was classified as cured of his cognitive disturbance caused by Cushing's syndrome in February 2012. MRI performed 8 months after surgery revealed reversal of brain atrophy, and his subsequent course has been uneventful. In summary, the young age at onset and the short duration of Cushing's syndrome probably contributed to the rapid recovery of both cognitive dysfunction and brain atrophy in our patient. Cushing's syndrome should be considered as a possible etiological factor in patients with cognitive impairment and brain atrophy that is atypical for their age.

DOI： 10.2147/NDT.S70611

Web of Science

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

We examined the relationship between psychological stress and the worsening of glycemic control in diabetic patients at the time of the Great East Japan Earthquake. HbA1c levels in diabetic patients before and after the disaster were evaluated with the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and other questions including those on changes in diet, exercise, psychological stress and drug intake in 320 consecutive diabetic patients who had been followed in a diabetes clinic. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the total GHQ scores (odds ratio [OR] 1.03 [95% confidence interval 1.01-1.06]
p&lt
0.01) and interruption of drug intake (OR 4.48 [1.57-12.7]
p=0.01) were independently associated with worsening of glycemic control defined as an increase in the HbA1c level equal to or greater than 0.5%. Among the scores on the GHQ, those for somatic symptoms (OR 1.18 [1.01-1.38]
p=0.03) and sleep disturbances or anxiety (OR 1.26 [1.08-1.46]
p&lt
0.01) were independently associated with glycemic control. These results suggest that psychological stress during a disaster has independent effects on worsening of glycemic control. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

DOI： 10.1055/s-0032-1314873

Scopus

PubMed

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)インフォノーツパブリッシング  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)インフォノーツパブリッシング  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟医学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟医学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)インフォノーツパブリッシング  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)インフォノーツパブリッシング  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本内分泌学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本内分泌学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本内分泌学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本内分泌学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本糖尿病学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)インフォノーツパブリッシング  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟医学会  

動脈硬化症を予防しうる食品の出現が期待されている。動脈硬化の早期発見・予防に血流依存性血管拡張反応(Flow-mediated dilation、FMD)検査があり、フェルラ酸を含む食事性ポリフェノール類によるFMD値の改善効果が報告されている。高アミロース米"越のかおり"の湿熱処理(0.4MPa・144℃・10分間)玄米米粉米菓(60gに総ポリフェノール量48mg・総フェルラ酸量24.6mg含有)を、FMD軽度異常者6名に単回摂取していただき、摂取前・摂取1時間後・摂取2時間後のFMD値を経時的に測定するオープン試験を実施した。FMD測定値は、摂取前(3.05±0.77%)から摂取1時間後に最大値(4.23±1.07%)になり、2時間後には減弱(2.98±1.34%)したが、Dunnett多重検定法で比較すると統計的な差異を示さなかった(P=0.137)。1時間後のFMD変化量(Δ1.18±0.99%)は増加傾向(P=0.053)を示した。本試験の結果は、新しい健康機能を付与した米菓開発の可能性を示唆するものと考えられた。(著者抄録)

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2019&ichushi_jid=J00990&link_issn=&doc_id=20200819040004&doc_link_id=%2Fdg3nigta%2F2019%2F013309%2F004%2F0329-0337%26dl%3D0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdg3nigta%2F2019%2F013309%2F004%2F0329-0337%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本糖尿病合併症学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：AMER DIABETES ASSOC  

DOI： 10.2337/db19-598-P

Web of Science

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)インフォノーツパブリッシング  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本糖尿病合併症学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：AMER DIABETES ASSOC  

DOI： 10.2337/db18-594-P

Web of Science

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本内分泌学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本糖尿病学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本内分泌学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本糖尿病学会  

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟核医学懇話会  

CiNii Article

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本薬学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟医学会  

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2015&ichushi_jid=J00990&link_issn=&doc_id=20160108150028&doc_link_id=%2Fdg3nigta%2F2015%2Fs12908%2F022%2F0478-0478%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdg3nigta%2F2015%2Fs12908%2F022%2F0478-0478%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟医学会  

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2015&ichushi_jid=J00990&link_issn=&doc_id=20160108150018&doc_link_id=%2Fdg3nigta%2F2015%2Fs12908%2F012%2F0474-0474%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdg3nigta%2F2015%2Fs12908%2F012%2F0474-0474%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟医学会  

心臓・腎臓など糖尿病性臓器障害の進展は、AMP活性化プロテインキナーゼ(AMPK)と小胞体ストレスが関与する。AMPKと小胞体ストレは、糖尿病性臓器障害における新治療薬の標的となりうることが示唆される。糖尿病性腎症モデルの腎臓では酸化ストレス・炎症・線維化・脂肪沈着が亢進している。クルクミンはこれらを改善し、安価な糖尿病腎症の予防薬・治療薬となりうることが示唆される。(著者抄録)

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2015&ichushi_jid=J00990&link_issn=&doc_id=20160108140003&doc_link_id=%2Fdg3nigta%2F2015%2F012907%2F003%2F0354-0363%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdg3nigta%2F2015%2F012907%2F003%2F0354-0363%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟核医学懇話会  

CiNii Article

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟核医学懇話会  

CiNii Article

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟医学会  

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2015&ichushi_jid=J00990&link_issn=&doc_id=20150727160014&doc_link_id=%2Fdg3nigta%2F2015%2Fs12902%2F008%2F0095-0096%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdg3nigta%2F2015%2Fs12902%2F008%2F0095-0096%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公財)長寿科学振興財団  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟医学会  

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2014&ichushi_jid=J00990&link_issn=&doc_id=20140918060010&doc_link_id=%2Fdg3nigta%2F2014%2Fs12806%2F004%2F0277-0277%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdg3nigta%2F2014%2Fs12806%2F004%2F0277-0277%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：AMER DIABETES ASSOC  

Web of Science

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：医歯薬出版(株)  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟医学会  

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2014&ichushi_jid=J00990&link_issn=&doc_id=20140603160009&doc_link_id=%2Fdg3nigta%2F2014%2Fs12802%2F005%2F0092-0093%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdg3nigta%2F2014%2Fs12802%2F005%2F0092-0093%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本内分泌学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本糖尿病学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟医学会  

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2012&ichushi_jid=J00990&link_issn=&doc_id=20121105050017&doc_link_id=%2Fdg3nigta%2F2012%2Fs12606%2F007%2F0339-0339%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdg3nigta%2F2012%2Fs12606%2F007%2F0339-0339%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟医学会  

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2012&ichushi_jid=J00990&link_issn=&doc_id=20120918110023&doc_link_id=%2Fdg3nigta%2F2012%2Fs12605%2F018%2F0277-0277%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdg3nigta%2F2012%2Fs12605%2F018%2F0277-0277%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本内分泌学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本糖尿病学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本内科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟医学会  

CiNii Article

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本糖尿病学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟医学会  

CiNii Article

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)ライフ・サイエンス  

高血圧と脂質異常症を伴う2型糖尿病患者で、降圧薬としてカルシウム拮抗薬、脂質異常症治療薬としてスタチンを投与されている43例の降圧薬と脂質異常症治療薬をアムロジピンベシル塩酸・アトルバスタチンカルシウム水和物配合剤(カデュエット)に切り替え、血圧値と血清脂質値の変化および他の臨床検査値や服薬アドヒアランスの変化について検討した。結果、血圧と血清脂質の平均値には有意な変化なく良好にコントロールされ、服薬アドヒアランスは有意に向上した。

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟医学会  

CiNii Article

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本内分泌学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本糖尿病学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟医学会  

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2010&ichushi_jid=J00990&link_issn=&doc_id=20110214070006&doc_link_id=%2Fdg3nigta%2F2010%2F012411%2F006%2F0644-0644%26dl%3D2&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdg3nigta%2F2010%2F012411%2F006%2F0644-0644%26dl%3D2&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_5.gif

Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟医学会  

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2010&ichushi_jid=J00990&link_issn=&doc_id=20101228030016&doc_link_id=%2Fdg3nigta%2F2010%2F012408%2F016%2F0476-0477%26dl%3D2&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdg3nigta%2F2010%2F012408%2F016%2F0476-0477%26dl%3D2&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_5.gif

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本糖尿病学会  

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Event date： 2015.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2015.6

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2015.6

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2014.1

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2011.5

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2011.1

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2009.11

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2009.6

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