記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.25221/fee.452.3

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Elsevier {BV}  

DOI： 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153621

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, FEB RAS  

Hornets belong to the genus of Vespa, and are potentially effective predators of insect pests in forests and other environments. To assess the potential impact of prey foraging by the Vespa species, studies have attempted to understand species composition of hornets caught with bait traps in several regions in Japan. These studies showed that the species composition of hornets was different among the different regions in Japan, possibly due to the differences in the geographical distribution and climates. Additionally, the species composition of hornets has only been examined in the inland regions of Japan. In this study, we studied species composition of hornets caught with bait traps in Niigata city on the coast of the Sea of Japan, for a period of four years. The species composition observed in Niigata city was very similar to the composition seen in other temperate, warmer regions, but diffe¬rent from that in subarctic and heavy snowfall regions. There was a single peak in the trap catch due to seasonal changes in the two major species, V. analis and V. ducalis. There were also yearly changes in the species composition of hornets in Niigata city. The possible causes of the differences among the hornet populations in the seasons and years are discussed in this study.

DOI： 10.25221/fee.426.2

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本生態学会  

水稲の省力型農法である「不耕起V溝直播栽培」(以降、V溝直播と略す)では、冬期にいったん給水し、代かきを行った後、播種期前に落水して圃場を乾燥させる。イネの出芽後(石川県珠洲市では6月中旬以降)から収穫直前まで湛水し、夏期の落水処理(中干し)を行わない。また、苗箱施用殺虫剤を使用しない。このようなV溝直播の管理方式は、水田の生物多様性に慣行の移植栽培とは異なる影響を及ぼす可能性がある。本稿では、石川県珠洲市のV溝直播と移植栽培の水田において、水生コウチュウ・カメムシ類、水田雑草、稲株上の節足動物の群集を比較し、以下の結果を得た:(1)V溝直播では6月中旬以降に繁殖する水生コウチュウ・カメムシ類の密度が高かった。この原因として、湛水期間が昆虫の繁殖期や移入期と合致すること、さらに苗箱施用殺虫剤が使用されないことが考えられた。(2)V溝直播では夏に広く安定した水域があり、そこにミズオオバコ等の希少な水生植物が生育し、有効な保全場所となった。(3)両農法の生物群集は、調査対象群のすべてにおいて大きく異なり、両農法の混在により生じる環境の異質性が、水田の動植物のベータ多様性を高める可能性が示唆された。一方、V溝直播には以下の影響も認められた:(1)4月から6月中旬にかけて落水するため、この時期に水中で繁殖する種群には不適である。(2)初期防除が行われないため、一部の害虫(イネミズゾウムシ、ツマグロヨコバイ)の密度が増加した。本調査地におけるV溝直播水田では、慣行の移植栽培と同様に、8月中旬に殺虫剤散布が2回行われており、生物多様性への悪影響が懸念される。本調査の結果は、一地域に二つの農法が混在し、それぞれに異なる生物群集が成立することにより、今後の水田動植物の多様性が保全される可能性を示している。

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J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ZOOLOGICAL SOC JAPAN  

Ladybird beetles in the tribe Epilachnini include notorious crop pests and model species studied intensively in various fields of evolutionary biology. From a combined dataset of mitochondrial (ND2) and nuclear (28S) DNA sequences, we reconstructed the phylogeny of 46 species of Epilachnini from Asia, Africa, America, and the Australian region: 16 species in Epilachna, 24 species in Henosepilachna, and one species each in Adira, Afidenta, Afidentula, Afissula, Chnootriba, and Epiverta. In our phylogenetic trees, both Epilachna and Henosepilachna were reciprocally polyphyletic. Asian Epilachna species were monophyletic, except for the inclusion of Afissula sp. Asian and Australian Henosepilachna species likewise formed a monophyletic group, excluding H. boisduvali. African Epilachna and Henosepilachna species did not group with their respective Asian and American congeners, but were paraphyletic to other clades (Epilachna species) or formed a separate monophyletic group (Henosepilachna species) together with Chnootriba similis. The American Epilachna species were monophyletic and formed a clade with American Adira clarkii and Asian Afidentula manderstjernae bielawskii; this clade was the sister group to Asian and Australian Henosepilachna, but was distant from Asian Epilachna. Chnootriba was embedded in the African Henosepilachna clade, and Afissula in the Asian Epilachna clade. Epiverta, which is morphologically unique, was the sister group to Asian Epilachna, although with weak support. From reconstructions of biogeographical distribution and host-plant utilization at ancestral nodes, we inferred an African origin for the common ancestor of the species studied, and found the frequency of host shifts to differ greatly between the two major lineages of Epilachnini examined.

DOI： 10.2108/zs140088

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER  

Recent introduction of modern drainage systems has produced intensely dry conditions in rice farmlands and has degraded habitats for aquatic animals. In this study, we compared water beetle (Coleoptera) and water bug (Heteroptera) communities within rice fields cultivated under different management regimes: V-furrow no-till direct-seeding (DS) and conventional regimes. In DS fields, rice is sown in well-drained fields, and flooding is performed a month later than in conventional rice fields. DS fields are then continuously flooded until harvesting; unlike in conventional fields, where midseason drainage is performed in summer. We observed that DS fields supported higher densities of water beetles and water bugs than conventional fields, probably because of the high compatibility between the flooding period and the reproductive season of the insects. The species richness of water beetles was higher in DS fields than in conventional fields. Overall, DS fields showed higher water beetle and water bug abundance, but the effect was variable for individual species: seven species were more abundant in DS than in conventional fields, whereas two species showed opposite tendencies. Considering the differential responses among species to the management regimes, a mosaic of DS and conventional fields is preferable to either field alone for the conservation of aquatic insects in rice agroecosystems.

DOI： 10.1603/EN13109

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER  

Populations of the Heike firefly, Luciola lateralis, a representative species of Japan's traditional agricultural landscape (known as satoyama), have recently experienced rapid declines in many areas of Japan. Owing to the popularity of this firefly, many local communities have increased conservation efforts through the restoration of aquatic habitat complexes in satoyama. To provide fundamental parameters to predict population dynamics of the firefly, we conducted a mark-recapture study in restored paddy fields, and we estimated adult population parameters such as population size, survival, recruitment, sex ratio, and body size. We found that capture probability generally decreased as the season advanced, probably because of seasonal changes in detectability and/or firefly behavior. The daily survival rate of adults decreased over the season and may be related to a seasonal decline in adult body size. Adult population exhibited a highly male-biased sex ratio. Firefly abundance in the restored paddy fields doubled during the 4-year study period. Our analysis showed that adult detectability, recruitment, and survival rate are seasonally variable and could affect population size estimates obtained by a simple flash census. The mark-recapture technique can provide precise estimates of adult L. lateralis population characteristics and, thus, is a valuable method for predicting firefly populations and assessing the success of the restoration program.

DOI： 10.1007/s10841-012-9468-1

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER JAPAN KK  

Cassida rubiginosa Muller (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), one of the most conspicuous defoliators of thistle weeds, is capable of severely damaging thistle leaves; however, populations rarely reach sufficient density for effective thistle control under natural conditions. To investigate the impact of natural mortality factors on C. rubiginosa populations, life table studies were conducted between 1996 and 1998 in Kanazawa, Japan. Egg mortality, mortality in early larvae, and lost fertility contributed strongly to total generational mortality in every year studied. Egg mortality was primarily attributable to parasitism by wasps of the genus Anaphes, and the impact of predation and egg inviability was small. Mortality factors that affected the larval and pupal stages were largely unknown. Under field conditions, females only realized approximately 8.1-13.7 % of their potential fecundity, varying from 36.0 to 61.4 eggs per individual. Since annual changes in lost fertility exhibited a similar pattern to those in generational mortality, fertility loss might be the key factor driving C. rubiginosa populations. These results suggest that reproduction is the most important process that determines the level and fluctuation of the C. rubiginosa population.

DOI： 10.1007/s13355-012-0143-5

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER HEIDELBERG  

Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach), the main fodder crop in eastern Africa, has recently been severely affected by Napier stunt disease, which is caused by phytoplasma. We have recently confirmed that a leafhopper, Maiestas banda (Kramer) transmits phytoplasma in Napier grass in Kenya. Several other species of leafhoppers (Cicadellidae) and planthoppers (Delphacidae) are also associated with Napier grass, and some could be potential vector(s) of phytoplasma, but little is known about phenology and movement activity of these insect groups. We monitored the populations of M. banda and other leafhoppers and planthoppers in Napier grass fields at two sites in western Kenya for 18 months. High population densities were observed for M. banda, suggesting that it plays a major role in the disease epidemics in the region. Sampling with Malaise traps and a vacuum-suction sampler revealed that M. banda and five other species (Cicadulina mbila (Naud,), Cofana polaris Young, Cofana unimaculata (Signoret), Leptodelphax dymas Fennah, Maiestas sp.) exhibited a high proportion of males in the trap catches, implying higher mobility in males than females. A suction sampler collected more individuals of three species (M. banda, Maiestas sp., and Thriambus strenuus Van Stalle) from phytoplasma-infected than healthy plants at both sites. The populations of M. banda and other five species (C. unimaculata, Maiestas sp., L. dymas, T. strenuus, and Rhinotettix sp. 1) showed a conspicuous peak at the end of the short rainy season (Sep to Dec), implying that common regulatory factors such as rainfall may affect the leafhopper and planthopper complex.

DOI： 10.1007/s10340-011-0376-z

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER TOKYO  

Effects of mixed cropping and barrier crops on the population density and parasitism of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), were evaluated in field plots of cabbage grown in Bali, Indonesia. The densities of P. xylostella at larval and pupal stages, as well as the overall density at larval plus pupal stages, were significantly lower in cabbage/coriander mixed cropping subplots than in cabbage monoculture subplots. Parasitism of P. xylostella by the larval parasitoid Diadegma semiclausum (Hellen) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was not significantly different between the mixed and monocultural cropping systems. These results do not support the so-called enemies hypothesis, but suggest that disruption of the host searching behavior of female moths by neighboring non-host plants is the mechanism behind the associational resistance observed in the coriander mixed cropping system. The inclusion of a Napier grass barrier between mixed crop and monoculture subplots did not affect the influence of mixed cropping on larval and pupal densities. Therefore, Napier grass, which is used locally as a fence for preventing livestock invasion of fields, would not obstruct the pest-reducing effect of coriander/cabbage mixed cropping.

DOI： 10.1007/s13355-011-0036-z

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER TOKYO  

Neotropical swarm-founding wasps build nests enclosed in a covering envelope, which makes it difficult to count individual births and deaths. Thus, knowledge of worker demography is very limited for swarm-founding species compared with that for independent-founding species. In this study, we explored the worker demography of the swarm-founding wasp Polybia paulista, the colony size of which usually exceeds several thousand adults. We considered each wasp colony as an open-population and estimated the survival probability, recruitment rate, and population size of workers using the developments of the Cormack-Jolly-Seber model. We found that capture probability varied considerably among the workers, probably due to age polyethism and/or task specialization. The daily survival rate of workers was high (around 0.97) throughout the season and was not related to the phase of colony development. On the other hand, the recruitment rate ranged from 0 to 0.37, suggesting that worker production was substantially less important than worker survival in determining worker population fluctuations. When we compared survival rates among worker groups of one colony, the mean daily survival rate was lower for founding workers than for progeny workers and tended to be higher in progeny workers that emerged in winter. These differences in survivorship patterns among worker cohorts would be related to worker foraging activity and/or level of parasitism.

DOI： 10.1007/s10144-010-0238-1

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER  

Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) is the most important fodder crop in smallholder dairy production systems in East Africa, characterized by small zero-grazing units. It is also an important trap crop used in the management of cereal stemborers in maize in the region. However, production of Napier grass in the region is severely constrained by Napier stunt disease. The etiology of the disease is known to be a phytoplasma, 16SrXI strain. However, the putative insect vector was yet unknown. We sampled and identified five leafhopper and three planthopper species associated with Napier grass and used them as candidates in pathogen transmission experiments. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), based on the highly conserved 16S gene, primed by P1/P6-R16F2n/R16R2 nested primer sets was used to diagnose phytoplasma on test plants and insects, before and after transmission experiments. Healthy plants were exposed for 60 days to insects that had fed on diseased plants and acquired phytoplasma. The plants were then incubated for another 30 days. Nested PCR analyses showed that 58.3% of plants exposed to Recilia banda Kramer (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) were positive for phytoplasma and developed characteristic stunt disease symptoms while 60% of R. banda insect samples were similarly phytoplasma positive. We compared the nucleotide sequences of the phytoplasma isolated from R. banda, Napier grass on which these insects were fed, and Napier grass infected by R. banda, and found them to be virtually identical. The results confirm that R. banda transmits Napier stunt phytoplasma in western Kenya, and may be the key vector of Napier stunt disease in this region.

DOI： 10.1007/s00114-009-0578-x

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）   出版者・発行元：日本植物防疫協会  

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：BLACKWELL PUBLISHING  

The biological-control function of field boundaries of Guinea grass, Panicum maximum Jacq. on the spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus Swinhoe was examined as a reservoir for arthropod predators and as a trap plant for the pest. Field border vegetation and predator density were manipulated to determine the effect of the grass border on the abundance of stem borers and their predators in maize fields, and the effect of predators on the stem borer population. The strip of Guinea grass supported an abundance of earwigs and spiders, the potential predators of stem borer eggs and larvae. Density of C. partellus larvae in the Guinea grass strips was low throughout the season and only young larvae were collected, suggesting the inferiority of the grass stand as a habitat for stem borer larvae. These results indicate that Guinea grass is a good agent of habitat management to selectively enhance arthropod predators of stem borers and act as a sink for the pest. Predator removal resulted in a higher density of C. partellus than control in maize-bordered plots. On the other hand, no difference was found in the stem borer density between predator treatments in grass-bordered plots, probably because of insufficient predator reduction in removal plots. These results suggest that the predator assemblage found in the study site has, if sufficiently abundant, potential to limit the C. partellus population in maize fields. Even though the Guinea grass stand harboured an abundant number of predators, the grass boundaries around maize fields did not enhance predator populations within the crop field. Furthermore, field boundaries of Guinea grass had no measurable effect on the within-field density of C. partellus as a trap crop. Creating a polyculture within the crop and early planting of the grass could further enhance the biological-control function of Guinea grass boundaries.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2006.01131.x

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：日本熱帯生態学会  

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA  

Cassida rubiginosa Muller (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) has attracted considerable interest as a potential biological control agent against thistle (Astaraceae: Cardueae) weeds, but population characteristics of this species are not well understood. We conducted an intensive mark-recapture study from 1996 to 1999 in Yuwaku, Kanazawa, Japan, to estimate adult population parameters such as population size, longevity, movement activity, reproductive rate, and winter survival. Overwintered adults began to emerge from hibernation in early April and actively moved among host plants until early May. Thereafter, adult dispersal activity decreased until late June, and the number of beetles gradually declined. New adults were active for only 2 to 3 wk after emergence and began aestivation at the end of August. Despite low reproductive rates per generation, the overwintering population was stable at a high density. Beetle longevity was substantial, and many individuals overwintered more than once. The age structure of adult beetles was responsible for the high stability of the population and low reproductive rate.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Abstract Vertical and seasonal distributions of flying beetles were investigated in a suburban temperate deciduous forest in Kanazawa, Japan using water pan traps to determine the abundance and composition among vertical strata, change in the abundance and composition through seasons and determinant factors in generating the distributions. Traps were placed at three levels (0.5 m, 10 m, and 20 m above ground) on a tower. Samplings were carried out seasonally from May to November in 1999 and 2000. Variations in the abundance of flying beetles were observed from different layers. The results showed that the abundance and composition of flying beetles varied among strata and seasons. In both 1999 and 2000, Elateridae was consistently most abundant in the bottom layer, while Attelabidae and Cantharidae were most abundant in the upper layer. In 1999, Eucnemidae and overall scavengers were most abundance in the bottom layer, but results were not consistent with those in 2000. In general, the abundance of herbivores reaches a peak in the early season (May/June) and decreases in the following months. Peaks of abundance in predators vary vertically. In the bottom layer a peak was observed in the early season (May/June), while in the upper layer this was observed in July. Scavengers had two peaks, in May/June and September. These patterns indicated that vertical distributions in the abundance of different feeding guilds varied through seasons. © 2017 Wiley. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1005-295X.2005.00025.x

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD  

We investigated geographic differences in the host specificity of Epilachna niponica Lewis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). The Yuwaku population feeds mainly on Cirsium matsumurae Nakai (Asteraceae) and secondarily on Cirsrium kagamontanum Nakai. The Asiu population, located 150 km away from the Yuwaku, feeds exclusively on C. ashiuense Yokoyama et T. Shimizu. Under laboratory conditions, we examined the differences between the two populations in adult feeding acceptance, adult feeding preference, and larval performance, using several closely related thistle species and varieties, including their native hosts. In the Asiu population, adult beetles clearly avoided the host of the Yuwaku population, C. kagamontanum, and no larvae were able to complete their development, whereas in the Yuwaku population, adults accepted and even preferred it to some other thistle species, and about 10% of first instar larvae became adults. This indicates that the Yuwaku population evolved its feeding preference and physiological adaptation to C. kagamontanum through a utilization of this low-ranked host under natural conditions. Apart from C. kagamontanum, the two populations showed a similar host susceptibility pattern, indicating that this ladybird beetle has a conserved hierarchy in feeding preference and growth performance. We also observed adult leaf choice behavior when given different thistle species, and found that difference in biting rate after palpation determined the leaf areas consumed, implying that factors on the leaf surface played an important role in the choice.

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER JAPAN KK  

Population dynamics of a thistle-feeding univoltine lady beetle, Epilachna niponica Lewis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), was studied from 1996 to 1999 in Yuwaku, Kanazawa, Japan. The lady beetles often reached such a high density level that food was depleted. The Jolly-Seber method was used for adult marking, release, and recapture data to estimate population parameters of adult number, daily resident rate, longevity, reproductive rate (R, the number of new adults produced per overwintered adults), and survival rate of new adults to the reproductive seasons (S-w). These estimates were compared with those of the Asiu, Kutsuki (A and F), and Kyoto populations, which were previously studied with similar methods and have similar intensities. Asiu and Kutsuki F populations remained at a rather low density with a low R, while Kutsuki A and Kyoto populations reached a high density where food depletion occurred with a high R value. The Yuwaku population often reached a food-depleting level as in the Kutsuki A and Kyoto populations. It also shared the short life span of overwintered adults (13.5 days) of other high-density populations: however. it showed much shorter longevity of new adults (36.6 days), much lower R (1.0-2.5), and higher S-w(43%-53%). In some traits the Yuwaku population was similar to the Asiu population: low R, high S-w, and low population variability (SD of log densities; 0.103 and 0.115 for overwintered and new adults, respectively. which were lowest among the populations).

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：The Japan Society of Tropical Ecology = 日本熱帯生態学会  

1.インドネシア共和国スマトラ島とジャワ島の気候の異なる環境に定点観測地を設置し，食葉性テントウムシ類の長期個体群動態を，成虫の個体識別マーク法と卵，幼虫，踊の生命表作成を用いた3～7 日おきの定期センサス調査によって最長9 年間継続して調査した。 2. 定点観測地は，スマトラ西部州のパダン(海岸低地の典型的な熱帯多雨林気候，年間降雨量は4000 ミリ以上，乾雨季の区別なし) ，スカラミ(海抜928 m の高地環境， 2917 mm) ，西ジャワ州のボゴール(海抜260 m ，熱帯多雨林気候帯の東端に位置する， 3850 mm ，通常明瞭な乾季はないが，時々強い干ばつがあるに東ジャワ州のプルウォダディ(海抜300 m , 2000～2500 mm, 6~ 8 月間の強い乾季あり)に設置し， 3 種の食葉性テントウ類，1)ナス科の半低木Solanum torvllm を食草とするこジュウヤホシテントウEpilachna vigintioctopunctata (ツル草Centrosema pubescens を食草とする個体群を含む), 2) E. enneasticta (食草はS. torvum)， 3)キク科のツル草Mikania micrantha を食するEpilachna sp. 3 (aff. emarginata) を調査した。 3. 個体数変動の特性(S. torvum 食のニジュウヤホシテントウを中心に述べる) (1)乾雨季が不明瞭なパダン，スカラミ，ポゴールでの結果。1)成虫数は時々大ピークを形成し，個体数の変動幅は大きい(パダンでは約290 倍に達した)。ピークへの個体数の増減は，それぞれ3~5 カ月ずっかけて徐々に生じた(3～4 世代にあたる)。2)卵，幼虫，踊の個体数変化はノコギリ状であり，generation cycle が生じた)。3)数百m～数km 離れた複数の個体群での成虫数の増減は，全般的に同調した。4)個体群サイズの変動と降雨量の消長との同調性は全般に低かった(ただしボゴールのE. sp. 3 では，降雨の増減と個体数変動の同調性が比較的高かった)。調査期間中に生じた非常に強い干ばつ(1982/1983 ，1997/1998 のエル・ニーニョなど)の際には，食草葉量が減少したが，個体数が急減するとは限らなかった。(2)強い乾季のあるプルウォダディでの結果。1)雨季~乾季初期にかけて個体数が増加した。その後，乾季が進むにつれて個体数は減少したが，乾季後半まで成虫は食草上にとどまり続けた。2)食草への産卵数は，成虫数の推移と一致した。メス成虫あたりの産卵数は，雨季の初期と乾季の中期にピークが見られた(前者が最大値)。

DOI： 10.3759/tropics.10.427

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担当区分：筆頭著者   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

J-GLOBAL

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掲載種別：研究論文（研究会，シンポジウム資料等）  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：英語

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