Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

On January 1st, 2024, a major earthquake near the Noto Peninsula, Japan, triggered tsunami waves that impacted coastal communities in the region. This study reports findings from two field surveys conducted four days and two months after the event to understand the tsunami's mechanisms and effects, respectively. The proximity of the epicenter to land and the complex topography of the Noto Peninsula caused spatial variability in the observed damage. The observed tsunami inundation and run-up heights along the peninsula ranged from 1.02 to 4.10 m, with the maximum of 6.64 m measured at Naoetsu, located approximately 100 km away from the peninsula. However, areas experiencing earthquake-induced land uplift of up to 4 m observed no coastal inundation. Coastal protection structures were crucial in mitigating damage; areas behind breakwaters suffered minimal impact, while unprotected locations and weak points in hydraulic structures allowed increased damage. The relatively infrequent occurrence of large tsunamis on the Japan Sea side, compared to the Pacific side, may have led to lower preparedness levels. However, despite the limited time for evacuation of less than 10 min, one community experienced no casualties, highlighting the effectiveness of prompt evacuation and increased social awareness following the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami.

DOI： 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.119765

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.118984

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ecss.2024.108651

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Informa UK Limited  

DOI： 10.1080/21664250.2023.2286831

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101297

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.113048

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

DOI： 10.2208/jscejoe.78.2_I_103

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DOI： 10.2208/jscejoe.78.2_I_349

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DOI： 10.2208/jscejoe.78.2_I_457

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DOI： 10.48438/jchs.2022.0016

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：American Geophysical Union (AGU)  

DOI： 10.1029/2021jd035261

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Other Link： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1029/2021JD035261

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

DOI： 10.2208/jscejoe.77.2_i_355

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

DOI： 10.2208/jscejoe.77.2_i_25

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

DOI： 10.2208/jscejoe.77.2_i_919

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

DOI： 10.2208/jscejoe.77.2_i_751

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)  

The September 28, 2018 earthquake and tsunami, which occurred north of Palu City, Indonesia, attracted widespread interest from the scientific community due to the unusually large tsunami that occurred after a strike-slip earthquake with a relatively small moment magnitude (MW = 7.5). To understand the structural performance of buildings and infrastructure under hydrodynamic loads and their associated effects, the authors conducted field surveys in Palu City. Light wooden frame constructions and masonry infill walls were common in the area, some of which were severely damaged by the earthquake and tsunami. Reinforced concrete structures remained predominantly intact, although they suffered soil-related issues such as scour around rigid building members. Local structural failures caused by the loss of supporting soil were also observed during the field survey, resulting in an overall reduction in the stability of the inspected structures. Based on the observations made, knowledge gaps and research needs concerning coastal and structural scouring are discussed. These are tied into the latest community research activities and put in the context of a published ASCE standard chapter that discusses tsunami design.

DOI： 10.1061/(asce)ww.1943-5460.0000620

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER  

Volcanic ashfall can cause considerable social impacts to a wide geographical area. Given the challenge to predict volcanic eruptions, it is essential to simulate the dispersion of ash as soon as possible after an event and promptly estimate the distribution of deposits and necessary removal works. In this study, a series of procedures to improve the accuracy of the WRF-FALL3D model for the case of the eruption of Mt. Kusatsu-Shirane in 2018 are proposed, which were verified through field surveys of ash deposits, showing that the accuracy of the model can be improved by selecting a range of column heights and promptly conducting field surveys following an event. Also, a methodology to estimate the amount of work necessary to clear road networks and river channels is proposed, which was applied to a volcanic event similar to that of the Hoei eruption of Mt. Fuji in 1707. The results also emphasize the need to improve the estimation of column heights in the future, which is of paramount importance to ensure the safety and operational continuity of human infrastructure in the vicinity of major active volcanoes.

DOI： 10.1007/s11069-020-04134-1

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Other Link： http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11069-020-04134-1/fulltext.html

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

DOI： 10.1007/s11069-020-03911-2

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Other Link： http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11069-020-03911-2/fulltext.html

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

DOI： 10.1007/s10236-019-01319-6

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Other Link： http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10236-019-01319-6/fulltext.html

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Informa UK Limited  

DOI： 10.1080/21664250.2019.1709014

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

© 2020, Canadian Science Publishing. All rights reserved. A field survey team went to Palu City, Indonesia in the aftermath of the September 28th, 2018 earthquake and tsunami to investigate its effects on local infrastructure and buildings. The study focused on the coast of Palu Bay, where a tsunami wave between approximately 2 and 7 m high impacted the local community as a result of several complex tsunami source mechanisms. The following study outlines the results, focused on loading caused by debris entrained within the inundating flow. Damage to timber buildings along the coast was widespread, though reinforced concrete structures for the most part survived, providing valuable insights into the type of debris loads and their effects on structures. The results of this survey are placed within the context of Canadian tsunami engineering challenges and are compared to the recently-released ASCE 7 Chapter 6 – Tsunami Loads and Effects, detailing potential research gaps and needs.

DOI： 10.1139/cjce-2019-0049

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Informa UK Limited  

© 2020, © 2020 Japan Society of Civil Engineers. The September 28 2018 Palu tsunami surprised the scientific community, as neither the earthquake magnitude nor its strike-slip mechanism were deemed capable of producing the wave heights that were observed. However, recent research has shown that the earthquake generated several landslides inside Palu bay. The authors conducted a post-disaster field survey of the area affected to collect spatial data on tsunami inundation heights, nearshore and bay bathymetry, and carried out eyewitness interviews to collect testimonies of the event. In addition, numerical simulations of the tsunami generation and propagation mechanisms were carried out and validated with the inferred time series. Seven small submarine landslides were identified along the western shore of the bay, and one large one was reported on the eastern shore of Palu City. Most of these landslides occurred at river mouths and reclamation areas, where soft submarine sediments had accumulated. The numerical simulations support a scenario in which the tsunami waves that arrived at Palu city 4–10 min after the earthquake were caused by the co-seismic seafloor deformation, possibly coupled with secondary waves generated from several submarine landslides. These findings suggest that more comprehensive methodologies and tools need to be used when assessing probabilistic tsunami hazards in narrow bays.

DOI： 10.1080/21664250.2020.1780719

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s11069-019-03746-6

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER BASEL AG  

On September 28, 2018, a large earthquake and its accompanying tsunami waves caused severe damage to the coastal area of Palu Bay, in the central western part of Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. To clarify the distribution of tsunami inundation and run-up heights, and damage to coastal communities due to the tsunami, the authors conducted a field survey 1 month after the event. In the inner part of Palu Bay tsunami inundation and run-up heights of more than 4 m were measured at many locations, and severe damage by the tsunami to coastal low-lying settlements was observed. In the areas to the north of the bay and around its entrance the tsunami inundation and run-up heights were lower than in the inner part of the bay. The tsunami inundation distance depended on the topographical features of coastal areas. The southern shore of the bay experienced a longer inundation distance than other shores, though generally severe damage to houses was limited to within around 200 m from the shoreline. The main lessons that can be learnt from the present event are also discussed.

DOI： 10.1007/s00024-019-02258-5

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

<p> The Maejima Tombolo Tidal Flat located in Higashitsuzu-cho, Nishio City, Aichi Prefecture has a rich natural environment in which a varaiety of organisms live. However, it has been reported that the change of wave and current conditions caused by typhoon's approach and passage gives a strong impact on the topography and its impact results in the significant morphological change in a short term. Due to the effects of global warming and others, it is considered that the intensity of typhoons and occurrence of abnormal weather will increase in the future. As a result, not only obvious mophological changes but also deterioration of water purification function may occur in tidal flats. In this research, the topographic measurement of tidal flat by UAV and surface sand sampling for spatial distribution analysis of grain sizes were conducted in typhoon season, and the investigation of topographic change, sand movement and changes of sand property in a short term due to meteorological impact. Consequently, it was inferred that active sand movement occurs all the time on the tidal flat from the position change of the top of the tidal flat cross section and the sand volume change in each small area set on the tidal flat.</p>

DOI： 10.2208/kaigan.75.I_499

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.  

Heavy precipitation from extratropical cyclones (ETCs) can have serious environmental and societal impacts. The aim of the study is to model changes in ETC-related precipitation in the Baltic Sea area by the end of 21st century. Using the Weather Research and Forecasting model (ARW-WRF), Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) ensemble output, the IPCC proposed RCP8.5 future scenario, and two hindcasted ETCs (Jan 2005, Nov 2008), we study these storms in projected future (i.e. "surrogate") conditions. The results showed up to 20-30% increase in precipitation
the spatial shifts and variability within the modeling domains were still substantial.

DOI： 10.1109/IGARSS.2019.8900309

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.  

The purpose of the paper is to analyse and compare the possible future parameters of four extreme cyclonic storms (Nargis in 2008, Haiyan in 2013, Gudrun in 2005, St. Jude 2013) as they would occur in the end of 21st century under warming climatic conditions. Using a modeling system composed of the Weather Research and Forecasting (ARW-WRF) atmospheric model, Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM), and surrogate background conditions taken from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) output in line with the IPCC proposed RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 future scenarios. The results generally showed an intensification of tropical cyclones (TCs) and corresponding increase in storm surge heights. In case of extratropical cyclones (ETCs), the future changes were either smaller or less clear.

DOI： 10.1109/IGARSS.2019.8900193

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI  

Typhoon Jebi struck Japan on the 4 September 2018, damaging and inundating many coastal areas along Osaka Bay due to the high winds, a storm surge, and wind driven waves. In order to understand the various damage mechanisms, the authors conducted a field survey two days after the typhoon made landfall, measuring inundation heights and depths at several locations in Hyogo Prefecture. The survey results showed that 0.18-1.27 m inundation depths were caused by Typhoon Jebi. As parts of the survey, local residents were interviewed about the flooding, and a questionnaire survey regarding awareness of typhoons and storm surges, and their response to the typhoon was distributed. The authors also mapped the location of some of the containers that were displaced by the storm surge, aiming to provide information to validate future simulation models of container displacement. Finally, some interesting characteristics of the storm surge are summarized, such as possible overtopping at what had initially been thought to be a low risk area (Suzukaze town), and lessons learnt in terms of disaster risk management are discussed.

DOI： 10.3390/geosciences8110412

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DOI： 10.2208/kaigan.74.I_823

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DOI： 10.2208/kaigan.74.I_961

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.apor.2018.06.019

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD  

One-month wave simulations were performed from Oct. 1st to Nov. 1st in 2014. The one-way numerical models composed of WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) and SWAN (Simulating WAve Nearshore) were used. This research focused on evaluations of both a resolution of wind data and a difference between structured SWAN (STSWAN) and unstructured SWAN (UNSWAN). The results show some differences among case studies. High resolution wind data affect peak values of significant waves at typhoon periods. In addition, the overestimation of swell caused by typhoons decreased at the nearshore points, in particular at Shimoda by using UNSWAN. As a conclusion, there is little difference between STSWAN and UNSWAN on the overall simulation of wave climate. However, UNSWAN is useful for simulating nearshore waves and has possibility to predict wave climate with higher precision than STSWAN.

DOI： 10.1142/9789813233812_0013

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1088/1755-1315/167/1/012001

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER  

Weather Research and Forecasting atmosphere model and Finite Volume Community Ocean Model were for the first time used under the pseudo-climate simulation approach, to study the parameters of an extreme storm in the Baltic Sea area. We reconstructed the met-ocean conditions during the historical storm Gudrun (which caused a record-high +275 cm surge in Parnu Bay on 9 January 2005) and simulated the future equivalent of Gudrun by modifying the background conditions using monthly mean value differences in sea surface temperature (SST), atmospheric air temperature and relative humidity from MIROC5 in accordance with the IPCC scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 for 2050 and 2100. The simulated storm route and storm surge parameters were in good accordance with the observed ones. Despite expecting the continuation of recently observed intensification of cyclonic activity in winter months, our numerical simulations showed that intensity of the strongest storms and storm surges in the Baltic Sea might not increase by the end of twenty-first century. Unlike tropical cyclones, which derive their energy from the increasing SST, the extratropical cyclones (ETCs) harvest their primary energy from the thermal differences on the sides of the polar front, which may decrease if the Arctic warms up. For climatological generalizations on future ETCs, however, it is necessary to re-calculate a larger number of storms, including those with different tracks and in different thermal conditions.

DOI： 10.1007/s11069-017-3011-3

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.9753/icce.v35.currents.10

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.9753/icce.v35.sediment.28

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS  

This study presents the results of an experimental research program dealing with spatial debris motion on a horizontal apron depicting a typical harbor wharf. Accordingly, scaled-down 6.1-m (20-ft) shipping containers were equipped with a novel yet nonintrusive real-time tracking system and motion sensors. The instrumentation allowed for the spatiotemporal tracking of debris specimens moving across the apron while entrained by an incoming tsunami-like broken bore. The system proved its capabilities and accuracy; this was particularly challenging since this was the first time the system was used in water. The experiments involved using various numbers of shipping containers that were either arranged in one layer or stacked in two layers. In addition, the effect of different numbers of container rows was also investigated to study the influence of the overall container count and placement with respect to their longitudinal displacement and dispersion (spreading) across the apron. Linear relationships were derived for both parameters, suggesting potential guidelines for future design efforts and disaster risk reduction and mitigation. (C) 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.

DOI： 10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000371

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.9753/icce.v35.management.22

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY  

The authors have examined the characteristics of Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda), which made landfall on the coast of the Philippines on November 2013, generating a substantial storm surge. In order to better understand the storm surge phenomenon, its nature and severity were analysed by means of a numerical simulation and a field survey. Unlike most other tropical cyclones that weaken before they hit land, Haiyan struck Leyte Island at near peak strength, with maximum sustained wind speeds of 160 knots, the strongest in the recorded history of the Western North Pacific. Haiyan approached very quickly with a forward speed of 41 km/ h towards Leyte, which was also the fastest among typhoons with similar intensities. As a result of these extreme gusts and the exceptionally low central pressure of the typhoon (895 hPa), Haiyan caused the largest storm surge in the recorded history of the Philippines. Numerical simulations show that the maximum storm surges occurred in Leyte Island and Samar Island. A stormsurge field survey conducted by the authors corroborated this, with maximum inundation height of 7 m recorded in Tacloban, located at the northern end of Leyte Gulf. The simulation results also corroborate the fact that water levels at some locations first lowered and then rapidly began to increase after an hour.

DOI： 10.1111/jfr3.12136

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：AMER INST PHYSICS  

This paper compares two different types of storm surge disaster based on field surveys. Two cases: a severe storm surge flood with its height of over 5 m due to Typhoon Haiyan (2013) in Philippine, and inundation of storm surge around Nemuro city in Hokkaido of Japan with its maximum surge height of 2.8 m caused by extra-tropical cyclone are taken as examples. For the case of the Typhoon Haiyan, buildings located in coastal region were severely affected due to a rapidly increase in ocean surface. The non-engineering buildings were partially or completely destroyed due to their debris transported to an inner bay region. In fact, several previous reports indicated two unique features, bore-like wave and remarkably high speed currents. These characteristics of the storm surge may contribute to a wide-spread corruption for the buildings around the affected region. Furthermore, in the region where the surge height was nearly 3 m, the wooden houses were completely or partially destroyed. On the other hand, in Nemuro city, a degree of suffering in human and facility caused by the storm surge is minor. There was almost no partially destroyed residential houses even though the height of storm surge reached nearly 2.8 m. An observation in the tide station in Nemuro indicated that this was a usual type of storm surge, which showed a gradual increase of sea level height in several hours without possessing the unique characteristics like Typhoon Haiyan. As a result, not only the height of storm surge but also the robustness of the buildings and characteristics of storm surge, such as bore like wave and strong currents, determined the existent of devastation in coastal regions.

DOI： 10.1063/1.5005734

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

&nbsp;The object of this study is to numericall investigate atmospheric and oceanic environments mainly governing the intensity of a typhoon and its storm surge. An individual effect of sea surface temperature (SST), stratospheric and tropospheric air temperature (SAT, TAT), and relative humidity (RH) to intensity of typhoons and storm surges are investigated, via making use of pusedo global warming methodology employing 26 Global Climate Model results of CMIP5's RCP 8.5 scenario. As a result, the change in both SAT and TAT can cause to decrease a typhoon and its storm surge intensity. One of the reasons is that latent heat flux above ocean can be dampeded by high air temperature in lower troposherer. Furthremore, the expected small increments of RH have relatively a little influence on the intensity of typhoon, compared to those of SST, SAT and TAT. As a conclusion, it can be said that future environments composed of both low TAT and high SST have a positive inpact on the high intensity of a typhoon and storm surge.

DOI： 10.2208/kaigan.72.I_1495

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DOI： 10.2208/jscejoe.72.I_880

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER  

The present work evaluates potential future typhoon and storm surges around the islands of Samar and Leyte in the Philippines taking into account monthly mean sea surface temperatures, atmospheric air temperature, and relative humidity (hereafter, SST, AAT, and RH) from MIROC5 according to four scenarios proposed by IPCC AR5. Super-typhoon Haiyan (2013), which caused catastrophic damage to coastal areas in the Philippines due to its high winds and storm surge, was used as the case study storm given that it was one of the tropical cyclones recorded in modern history. In this study, the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting Model (ARW-WRF) is used to estimate the characteristics of both the present-day Haiyan and a typhoon with a similar return period under the climate condition of the year 2100. The unstructured, Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM) was used to estimate both the present and potential future storm surges. The research has two main focuses. First, both the historical event and its storm surge are simulated and contrasted with field measurements of the storm surge height in order to prove the accuracy of the model. Second, the future typhoon and storm surge are estimated using the monthly mean value differences in SST, AAT, and RH from MIROC5 between 2011-2020 and 2091-2100 for the different scenarios. The characteristics of the simulated typhoon route and storm surge heights agree well with those of the best track data and field measurements. The numerical results of the future typhoon show that, if climate change is considered to only increase SST, its intensity and storm surge will be larger than under the present climate. The minimum sea-level pressure (hereafter, MSLP) of the future typhoon under scenario RCP 8.5 would be about 21 hPa lower and the storm surge 2.7 m higher than in the present climate. However, if SST, AAT, and RH are also taken into account, then the increase in typhoon intensity will not be as marked as if only SST is considered, with the MSLP under RCP 8.5 decreasing only by 13 hPa and the storm surge increasing by 0.7 m. The results of the present research thus suggest that while increases in SST can contribute to the intensification of future typhoons, increases in AAT and RH will somehow moderate this effect. Nevertheless, all scenarios considered point out to stronger typhoons and higher storm surges, clearly highlighting the perils posed by future climate change.

DOI： 10.1007/s11069-016-2259-3

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD  

Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) struck the islands of Leyte and Samar, the central part of the Philippines, on 8 November 2013, bringing large-scale devastation to coastal areas due to the high winds and large storm surge and waves associated with it. In order to obtain the distribution of storm surge heights and damage covering the wide stretch of affected coastline, the authors carried out a series of field surveys in the aftermath of the typhoon (in December 2013, May 2014, and October 2014). In the present paper, the authors detailed the results of these field surveys and summarized the characteristics of the storm surge and main causes of the damage, especially focusing on the Leyte Gulf coast, which is surrounded by the eastern coast of Leyte and the southern coast of Samar. Finally, the wide range of types of storm surge disasters were also discussed by comparing Typhoon Haiyan with other recent major events.

DOI： 10.1142/S0578563416400052

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

The present paper examines the impact of floodwater caused by the storm surge brought about by Typhoon Haiyan in 2013, focusing on downtown Tacloban in Leyte Island, the Philippines. A reliable numerical model for predicting such flooding was developed by calibrating the results of field investigations, including footage from a video clip taken during the storm surge. The simulation reveals that flow velocities along the streets in downtown Tacloban reached up to 7 m/s due to flow contraction along the high-density blocks of houses, and how water levels reached their peak in just 10 min. According to the depth-velocity product criteria, often used for evaluating the vulnerability of people and buildings to floodwaters, only 8% of the length of streets in downtown Tacloban were within the safe limits that allow pedestrian evacuation. Based on these findings, the present research concludes that pedestrian evacuation in the middle of a storm surge generated by a strong typhoon is a high-risk behavior. Thus, clearly and objectively, evacuation during this time should not be encouraged, even when seawater intrudes the houses of local residents. In this respect, it would appear imperative that prior to the arrival of the typhoon all residents should evacuate areas at risk of being flooded. Though the flood height was significant in the downtown area, the damage to these houses was limited. If it was not possible for some reason to evacuate prior to the arrival of the typhoon, those in solid houses should first consider vertical evacuation and the possibility that they could survive in their place, rather than courageously evacuating in an unpredictable water flow. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2015.11.002

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DOI： 10.2208/jscejoe.71.I_31

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER  

Storm surges are one of the most important risks to coastal communities around the Bay of Bengal, and it is feared that the threat they pose will increase with climate change in the future. To understand the threats that these events pose, a summary of the field surveys performed in Yangon River Basin after cyclone Nargis in Myanmar in 2008 is presented. Though due to government restrictions survey activities were limited to the area near Yangon city, it was found out that the tide due to the storm surge was probably between 3 and 4 m high and travelled around 50 km upstream of the river mouth of Yangon River. Cyclone Nargis could be accurately reproduced using a numerical model that integrated weather, wave, coastal ocean models, and tide prediction system. The application of such an integrated model is relatively new for storm surge simulation and has never been used for the Bay of Bengal storms. The model was then used to also simulate future cyclones over the Bay of Bengal considering a future climate change scenario.

DOI： 10.1007/s11069-014-1387-x

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)  

This paper reports on an experimental test program investigating the motion and entrainment of flow-entrained debris. The motion of debris in large scale hydraulic events can cause severe damage to the impacted communities: the dynamic characteristics of the debris' motion is crucial in identifying high-risk areas in affected communities. Determining the motion of flow-entrained debris has been historically difficult to quantify as many traditional techniques, such as post-mortem site assessment, cannot provide sufficient information about the kinematic and environmental conditions that affect the debris motion. This paper presents a novel non-invasive system for tracking the 6 degrees-of-freedom debris motion. The experiments examined the effect of various debris configurations on their entrainment as well as their overall motion. Using video footage, the debris entrainment mechanisms and surrounding flow features common to all experiments were examined and using this tracking system, the motion of the debris was accurately tracked and further used to validate other debris spreading observed in real field conditions.

DOI： 10.1061/9780784480311.006

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

This paper presents a comparison between numerically estimated storm surge invoked by typhoon Yolanda (2013) and field survey results. In order to estimate the typhoon more accurately, TC-Bogus scheme is used in typhoon simulation. This scheme has a potential to improve an initial atmospheric field and give a better results, in terms of routes and minimum sea surface pressure of the typhoon. In the results of calculated storm surge, a height of the estimated storm surge reached approximately 5.0 m at Tacloban. This value is a good agreement with the measured height. The timing of the storm surge was 00:00 UTC 8th November 2013. The estimated time of the storm surge invoked by Yolanda is almost the same with that of information from residents. Thus, the storm surge model composed of the WRF, FVCOM, SWAN and WX-tide has a potential to reproduce the storm surge realistically. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

DOI： 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.306

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DOI： 10.2208/kaigan.70.I_1261

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

The catastrophic typhoon "Yolanda" on Nov. 2013 invoked storm surge in the coastal area of the Philippines. The storm surge made the coastal regions to the devastation and maximum water height reached 5m in the Tacloban area. This paper presents the comparison between storm surge simulated results from atmospheric - storm surge- wave- tide coupled model and the observation measured by The 2013 Philippines Storm Surge Joint Survey Group headed up by Prof T. Shibayama. In this study, the TC-Bogus scheme is used in order to simulate accurate typhoon. The simulated storm surge results reached almost 5m in the Tacloban area. The coupled model including TC-Bogus scheme gives accurate simulations for estimating storm surge.

DOI： 10.2208/kaigan.70.I_236

CiNii Article

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/10041329176?from=CiNii

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.9753/icce.v34.currents.26

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

DOI： 10.2208/jscejoe.70.I_1212

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.2208/jscejoe.70.I_1206

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Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/igarss46834.2022.9884959

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© 2019, Springer Nature B.V. This correction stands to correct two discrepancies reported to the publisher soon after publication. The authors and publisher regret the errors as they were caused by a proofing oversight and stress the following to be noted: First, under the Methods and Material section (3.4), where the erroneous equation is:(Formula presented.).

DOI： 10.1007/s11069-019-03791-1

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Language：English   Publisher：WILEY  

The authors have examined the characteristics of Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda), which made landfall on the coast of the Philippines on November 2013, generating a substantial storm surge. In order to better understand the storm surge phenomenon, its nature and severity were analysed by means of a numerical simulation and a field survey. Unlike most other tropical cyclones that weaken before they hit land, Haiyan struck Leyte Island at near peak strength, with maximum sustained wind speeds of 160 knots, the strongest in the recorded history of the Western North Pacific. Haiyan approached very quickly with a forward speed of 41 km/ h towards Leyte, which was also the fastest among typhoons with similar intensities. As a result of these extreme gusts and the exceptionally low central pressure of the typhoon (895 hPa), Haiyan caused the largest storm surge in the recorded history of the Philippines. Numerical simulations show that the maximum storm surges occurred in Leyte Island and Samar Island. A stormsurge field survey conducted by the authors corroborated this, with maximum inundation height of 7 m recorded in Tacloban, located at the northern end of Leyte Gulf. The simulation results also corroborate the fact that water levels at some locations first lowered and then rapidly began to increase after an hour.

DOI： 10.1111/jfr3.12136

Web of Science

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Cohesive sediments can be found in many coastal zones all over the world. The upper layer of these muddy coasts may be fluidized under the wave action. Fluid mud is also formed by settlement of fine particles when the waves and currents exert a small shearing stress on the bed. When the waves pass over the fluid mud layer, it absorbs wave energy and, in turn, moves due to the wave action. The present study offers a numerical and experimental study of wave-mud interaction on a horizontal bed. A number of wave flume laboratory tests are presented to investigate wave attenuation, particle velocities in fluid mud layer and mud mass transport under different wave characteristics. The laboratory results are also compared with a developed semi-Analytical model.

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The object of this study is to evaluate an ensemble forecast of extreme storm surge by using a case of Typhoon Haiyan (2013) and its associated storm surge. A simple numerical model composed of ARW-WRF, FVCOM and SWAN is employed as a forecast system for storm surge. This ensemble system can successfully forecast storm surge 3-4 days before it happened. However, the typhoons in almost all ensemble members were underpredicted probably because of its difficulty in forecasting a track and central pressure of highly intense typhoon. This leads to the underestimation of a prediction of storm surges around Leyte Gulf. Compensating the underestimation of forecasted extreme storm surge, it can be important to not only examine the ensemble mean among members but also consider the phase-shifted manipulation and the worst ensemble member in the case where the extreme storm surge is forecasted. In addition, the ensemble forecast system can have a potential to determine the time at which the peak of extreme surge appears with a high precision.

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In this study, the influence of historical changes on bathymetry to the intensity and features of the storm surge in the Tokyo Bay is evaluated using the meteorology-ocean-Tide models. In detail, storm surge of 1917 is reproduced using an artificial Taisho Typhoon of 1917 in order to quantify the influence of bathymetric changes. This paper possesses two important findings. The first is that past storm surge occurred mainly because of shallow water area spanning over the inner bay which can be characteristics of past bathymetry. The second is that the high vulnerable area affected by storm surge has been shifted from mudflat shallow area in the inner bay to the below-sea-level inland area, due to landfill and urbanization which have continued approximately 100 years after the storm. As a conclusion, the bathymetry shifting due to human activity has a great influence to changing the effects of coastal disasters even in the same location.

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Language：English   Publisher：Elsevier Inc.  

DOI： 10.1016/B978-0-12-801060-0.00008-3

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Language：English   Publisher：American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)  

This paper reports on an experimental test program investigating the motion and entrainment of flow-entrained debris. The motion of debris in large scale hydraulic events can cause severe damage to the impacted communities: the dynamic characteristics of the debris' motion is crucial in identifying high-risk areas in affected communities. Determining the motion of flow-entrained debris has been historically difficult to quantify as many traditional techniques, such as post-mortem site assessment, cannot provide sufficient information about the kinematic and environmental conditions that affect the debris motion. This paper presents a novel non-invasive system for tracking the 6 degrees-of-freedom debris motion. The experiments examined the effect of various debris configurations on their entrainment as well as their overall motion. Using video footage, the debris entrainment mechanisms and surrounding flow features common to all experiments were examined and using this tracking system, the motion of the debris was accurately tracked and further used to validate other debris spreading observed in real field conditions.

DOI： 10.1061/9780784480311.006

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of an integrated meteorology and storm surge model for both the hind casting and prediction of future climate change intensified cyclones over the Bay of Bengal. This meteorology based storm surge model was developed and applied by integrating a mesoscale WRF model with the wave model SWAN and coastal ocean model FVCOM. The coupled model could capture the actual phenomena of historical cyclone Nargis, which made landfall in Myanmar in 2008, accurately and reproduce the total water level rise due to this event. The model was then used to also simulate future cyclones over the Bay of Bengal taking into account climate change by the year 2100.

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