2024/10/06 更新

写真a

ヒラタ ダイ
平田 大
HIRATA Dai
所属
教育研究院 自然科学系 農学系列 教授
農学部 農学科 教授
職名
教授
ホームページ
外部リンク

学位

  • 博士(工学) ( 1992年11月   広島大学 )

研究キーワード

  • 醸造健康学

  • 酵母

  • 日本酒学

  • 分子生物学

研究分野

  • ライフサイエンス / 分子生物学

経歴(researchmap)

  • 新潟大学   日本酒学センター   副センター長

    2020年2月 - 現在

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  • 新潟大学   農学部   教授

    2020年1月 - 現在

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  • 朝日酒造株式会社   取締役(非常勤)

    2019年12月 - 現在

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  • 日本酒造協同組合連合会   理事 原料委員

    2016年12月 - 現在

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  • 新潟県酒造組合   副会長

    2015年7月 - 現在

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  • 広島大学   客員教授

    2014年6月 - 現在

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  • 朝日酒造株式会社   部長(201406-1901), 日本酒研究センター長(1902-12), 取締役(1412-1912)

    2014年6月 - 2019年12月

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  • 独立行政法人酒類総合研究所研究開発評価委員会   評価委員

    2008年4月 - 現在

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  • 広島大学   先端物質科学研究科   教授

    2004年4月 - 2014年5月

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  • 科学技術振興事業団PRESTO「素過程と連携」領域   研究員

    1998年9月 - 2001年8月

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  • 広島大学   助教授

    1997年4月 - 2004年3月

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  • 英国癌研究基金研究所   客員研究員

    1994年7月 - 1995年10月

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  • 広島大学   工学部   助手

    1992年4月 - 1997年3月

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  • 新潟県醸造試験場

    1987年4月 - 1992年3月

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▶ 全件表示

経歴

  • 新潟大学   日本酒学センター   教授

    2020年2月 - 現在

  • 新潟大学   農学部 農学科   教授

    2020年1月 - 現在

学歴

  • 広島大学   工学研究科

    1985年4月 - 1987年3月

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    国名: 日本国

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  • 広島大学   Graduate School, Division of Engineering

    - 1987年

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  • 広島大学   工学研究科   工業化学

    - 1987年

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    国名: 日本国

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  • 広島大学   工学部   醗酵工学

    1981年4月 - 1985年3月

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    国名: 日本国

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  • 広島大学   Faculty of Engineering

    - 1985年

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所属学協会

  • 日本分子生物学会

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  • 酵母遺伝学集談会(現:酵母遺伝学フォーラム)

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  • 日本農芸化学会

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委員歴

  • 酒米研究会   会長  

    2011年5月 - 現在   

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    団体区分:その他

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論文

  • Calcineurin ensures a link between the DNA replication checkpoint and microtubule-dependent polarized growth. 査読

    Kume Kazunori, Koyano Takayuki, Kanai Muneyoshi, Toda Takashi, Hirata Dai

    Calcineurin ensures a link between the DNA replication checkpoint and microtubule-dependent polarized growth.   13 ( 3 )   234 - U357   2011年

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP  

    :Microtubules are central to eukaryotic cell morphogenesis. Microtubule plus-end tracking proteins (+TIPs) transport polarity factors to the cell cortex, thereby playing a key role in both microtubule dynamics and cell polarity. However, the signalling pathway linking +TIPs to cell polarity control remains elusive. Here we show that the fission yeast checkpoint kinase Cds1 (Chk2 homologue) delays the transition of growth polarity from monopolar to bipolar (termed NETO; new-end take-off). The +TIPs CLIP170 homologue Tip1 and kinesin Tea2 are responsible for this delay, which is accompanied by a reduction in microtubule dynamics at the cell tip. Remarkably, microtubule stabilization occurs asymmetrically, prominently at the non-growing cell end, which induces abnormal accumulation of the polarity factor Tea1. Importantly, NETO delay requires activation of calcineurin, which is carried out by Cds1, resulting in Tip1 dephosphorylation. Thus, our study establishes a critical link between calcineurin and checkpoint-dependent cell morphogenesis.

    DOI: 10.1038/ncb2166

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  • Fission yeast MO25 protein is localized at SPB and septum and is essential for cell morphogenesis 査読

    Kanai, M, Kume, K, Miyahara, K, Sakai, K, Nakamura, K, Leonhard, K, Wiley, DJ, Verde, F, Toda, T, Hirata, D

    EMBO JOURNAL   24 ( 17 )   3012 - 3025   2005年9月

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP  

    Cell morphogenesis is of fundamental significance in all eukaryotes for development, differentiation, and cell proliferation. In fission yeast, Drosophila Furry-like Mor2 plays an essential role in cell morphogenesis in concert with the NDR/Tricornered kinase Orb6. Mutations of these genes result in the loss of cell polarity. Here we show that the conserved proteins, MO25-like Pmo25, GC kinase Nak1, Mor2, and Orb6, constitute a morphogenesis network that is important for polarity control and cell separation. Intriguingly, Pmo25 was localized at the mitotic spindle pole bodies (SPBs) and then underwent translocation to the dividing medial region upon cytokinesis. Pmo25 formed a complex with Nak1 and was required for both the localization and kinase activity of Nak1. Pmo25 and Nak1 in turn were essential for Orb6 kinase activity. Further, the Pmo25 localization at the SPBs and the Nak1-Orb6 kinase activities during interphase were under the control of the Cdc7 and Sid1 kinases in the septation initiation network (SIN), suggesting a functional linkage between SIN and the network for cell morphogenesis/ separation following cytokinesis.

    DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600782

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  • Identification of novel coenzyme Q10 biosynthetic proteins Coq11 and Coq12 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe 査読

    Ikuhisa Nishida, Yuki Ohmori, Ryota Yanai, Shogo Nishihara, Yasuhiro Matsuo, Tomohiro Kaino, Dai Hirata, Makoto Kawamukai

    Journal of Biological Chemistry   299 ( 6 )   104797 - 104797   2023年6月

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:Elsevier BV  

    DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104797

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  • Targeted Mutations Produce Divergent Characteristics in Pedigreed Sake Yeast Strains

    Norapat Klinkaewboonwong, Shinsuke Ohnuki, Tomoya Chadani, Ikuhisa Nishida, Yuto Ushiyama, Saki Tomiyama, Atsuko Isogai, Tetsuya Goshima, Farzan Ghanegolmohammadi, Tomoyuki Nishi, Katsuhiko Kitamoto, Takeshi Akao, Dai Hirata, Yoshikazu Ohya

    Microorganisms   11 ( 5 )   1274 - 1274   2023年5月

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:MDPI AG  

    Modification of the genetic background and, in some cases, the introduction of targeted mutations can play a critical role in producing trait characteristics during the breeding of crops, livestock, and microorganisms. However, the question of how similar trait characteristics emerge when the same target mutation is introduced into different genetic backgrounds is unclear. In a previous study, we performed genome editing of AWA1, CAR1, MDE1, and FAS2 on the standard sake yeast strain Kyokai No. 7 to breed a sake yeast with multiple excellent brewing characteristics. By introducing the same targeted mutations into other pedigreed sake yeast strains, such as Kyokai strains No. 6, No. 9, and No. 10, we were able to create sake yeasts with the same excellent brewing characteristics. However, we found that other components of sake made by the genome-edited yeast strains did not change in the exact same way. For example, amino acid and isobutanol contents differed among the strain backgrounds. We also showed that changes in yeast cell morphology induced by the targeted mutations also differed depending on the strain backgrounds. The number of commonly changed morphological parameters was limited. Thus, divergent characteristics were produced by the targeted mutations in pedigreed sake yeast strains, suggesting a breeding strategy to generate a variety of sake yeasts with excellent brewing characteristics.

    DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051274

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  • Genome Editing to Generate Sake Yeast Strains with Eight Mutations That Confer Excellent Brewing Characteristics. 国際誌

    Tomoya Chadani, Shinsuke Ohnuki, Atsuko Isogai, Tetsuya Goshima, Mao Kashima, Farzan Ghanegolmohammadi, Tomoyuki Nishi, Dai Hirata, Daisuke Watanabe, Katsuhiko Kitamoto, Takeshi Akao, Yoshikazu Ohya

    Cells   10 ( 6 )   2021年5月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

    Sake yeast is mostly diploid, so the introduction of recessive mutations to improve brewing characteristics requires considerable effort. To construct sake yeast with multiple excellent brewing characteristics, we used an evidence-based approach that exploits genome editing technology. Our breeding targeted the AWA1, CAR1, MDE1, and FAS2 genes. We introduced eight mutations into standard sake yeast to construct a non-foam-forming strain that makes sake without producing carcinogens or an unpleasant odor, while producing a sweet ginjo aroma. Small-scale fermentation tests showed that the desired sake could be brewed with our genome-edited strains. The existence of a few unexpected genetic perturbations introduced during breeding proved that genome editing technology is extremely effective for the serial breeding of sake yeast.

    DOI: 10.3390/cells10061299

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  • Effect of koji starter on metabolites in Japanese alcoholic beverage sake made from the sake rice Koshitanrei 査読 国際誌

    Eri Ichikawa, Shougo Hirata, Yuko Hata, Hisashi Yazawa, Hiroyasu Tamura, Mitsuoki Kaneoka, Kazuhiro Iwashita, Dai Hirata

    Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry   84 ( 8 )   1714 - 1723   2020年8月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

    DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1763154

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  • Characteristic analyses of the fermentation and sporulation properties of the traditional sake yeast strain Hiroshima no.6. 査読

    R. Yamasaki, T. Goshima, K. Oba, A. Isogai, R. Ohdoi, D. Hirata, T. Akao

    Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry   84 ( 4 )   842 - 853   2020年4月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

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  • Development of sake yeast haploid set with diverse brewing properties using sake yeast strain Hiroshima no. 6 exhibiting sexual reproduction. 査読

    R. Yamasaki, T. Goshima, K. Oba, M. Kanai, R. Ohdoi, D. Hirata, T. Akao

    Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering   129 ( 6 )   706 - 714   2020年2月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

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  • SKO1 deficiency extends chronological lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 査読

    Masumura, Koji, Matsukami, Sachi, Yonekita, Kumiko, Kanai, Muneyoshi, Kume, Kazunori, Hirata, Dai, Mizunuma, Masaki

    BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY   83 ( 8 )   1473 - 1476   2019年8月

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

    Sko1 plays a key role in the control of gene expression by osmotic and oxidative stress in yeast. We demonstrate that the decrease in chronological lifespan (CLS) of hog1 Delta cells was suppressed by SKO1 deletion. sko1 Delta single mutant cells were shown to have a longer CLS, thus implicating Sko1 in the regulation of their CLS.

    DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1571901

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  • Genome editing to generate nonfoam-forming sake yeast strains 査読 国際誌

    S. Ohnuki, M. Kashima, T. Yamada, F. Ghanegolmohammadi, Y. Zhou, T. Goshima, J. Maruyama, K. Kitamoto, D. Hirata, T. Akao, Y. Ohya

    Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry   83 ( 8 )   1583 - 1593   2019年8月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

    DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1631146

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  • Analysis of metabolites in Japanese alcoholic beverage sake made from the sake rice Koshitanrei 査読 国際誌

    E. Ichikawa, S. Hirata, Y. Hata, H. Yazawa, H. Tamura, M. Kaneoke, K. Iwashita, D. Hirata

    Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry   83 ( 8 )   1570 - 1582   2019年8月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

    DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1608804

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  • Role of nucleocytoplasmic transport in interphase microtubule organization in fission yeast 査読

    Kume, Kazunori, Kaneko, Sayuri, Nishikawa, Kenji, Mizunuma, Masaki, Hirata, Dai

    BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS   503 ( 2 )   1160 - 1167   2018年9月

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

    The proper organization of microtubules is essential for many cellular functions. Microtubule organization and reorganization are highly regulated during the cell cycle, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here we characterized unusual interphase microtubule organization in fission yeast nuclear export mutant crm1-124. The mutant cells have an intranuclear microtubule bundle during interphase that pushes the nuclear envelope to assume a protruding morphology. We showed that the formation of this protruding microtubule bundle requires the nuclear accumulation of two microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), Alp14/TOG and Mal3/EB1. Interestingly, the forced accumulation of Alp14 in the nucleus of wild type cells is sufficient to form the intranuclear microtubule bundle. Furthermore, the frequency of the intranuclear microtubule formation by Alp14 accumulated in the nucleus is prominently increased by a reduction in the nucleation activity of interphase cytoplasmic microtubules. We propose that properly regulated nucleocytoplasmic transport and maintained activity of cytoplasmic microtubule nucleation during interphase are important for the proper organization of interphase cy

    DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.135

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  • 料理とともに味わう日本酒のおいしさの評価(新たな試み) 招待

    中村 諒, 中野 久美子, 田村 博康, 水沼 正樹, 伏木 亨, 平田 大

    日本醸造協会誌   113 ( 5 )   282 - 288   2018年

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    記述言語:日本語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

    CiNii Article

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    その他リンク: http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/029066545

  • Systematic analysis of Ca2+ homeostasis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae based on chemical-genetic interaction profiles. 査読 国際誌

    Farzan Ghanegolmohammadi, Mitsunori Yoshida, Shinsuke Ohnuki, Yuko Sukegawa, Hiroki Okada, Keisuke Obara, Akio Kihara, Kuninori Suzuki, Tetsuya Kojima, Nozomu Yachie, Dai Hirata, Yoshikazu Ohya

    Molecular biology of the cell   28 ( 23 )   3415 - 3427   2017年11月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

    We investigated the global landscape of Ca2+ homeostasis in budding yeast based on high-dimensional chemical-genetic interaction profiles. The morphological responses of 62 Ca2+-sensitive (cls) mutants were quantitatively analyzed with the image processing program CalMorph after exposure to a high concentration of Ca2+ After a generalized linear model was applied, an analysis of covariance model was used to detect significant Ca2+-cls interactions. We found that high-dimensional, morphological Ca2+-cls interactions were mixed with positive (86%) and negative (14%) chemical-genetic interactions, whereas one-dimensional fitness Ca2+-cls interactions were all negative in principle. Clustering analysis with the interaction profiles revealed nine distinct gene groups, six of which were functionally associated. In addition, characterization of Ca2+-cls interactions revealed that morphology-based negative interactions are unique signatures of sensitized cellular processes and pathways. Principal component analysis was used to discriminate between suppression and enhancement of the Ca2+-sensitive phenotypes triggered by inactivation of calcineurin, a Ca2+-dependent phosphatase. Finally, similarity of the interaction profiles was used to reveal a connected network among the Ca2+ homeostasis units acting in different cellular compartments. Our analyses of high-dimensional chemical-genetic interaction profiles provide novel insights into the intracellular network of yeast Ca2+ homeostasis.

    DOI: 10.1091/mbc.E17-04-0216

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  • Identification of three signaling molecules required for calcineurin-dependent monopolar growth induced by the DNA replication checkpoint in fission yeast 査読

    Kazunori Kume, Tomoyo Hashimoto, Masashi Suzuki, Masaki Mizunuma, Takashi Toda, Dai Hirata

    BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS   491 ( 4 )   883 - 889   2017年9月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

    Cell polarity is coordinately regulated with the cell cycle. Growth polarity of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe transits from monopolar to bipolar during G2 phase, termed NETO (new end take off). Upon perturbation of DNA replication, the checkpoint kinase Cdsl/CHK2 induces NETO delay through activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin (CN). CN in turn regulates its downstream targets including the microtubule (MT) plus-end tracking CLIP170 homologue Tipl and the Casein kinase 1 gamma Cki3. However, whether and which Ca2+ signaling molecules are involved in the NETO delay remains elusive. Here we show that 3 genes (trp1322, vcxl and SPAC6c3.06c encoding TRP channel, antiporter and P-type ATPase, respectively) play vital roles in the NETO delay. Upon perturbation of DNA replication, these 3 genes are required for not only the NETO delay but also for the maintenance of cell viability. Trp1322 and Vcxl act downstream of Cds1 and upstream of CN for the NETO delay, whereas SPAC6c3.06c acts downstream of CN. Consistently, Trp1322 and Vcxl, but not SPAC6c3.06c, are essential for activation of CN. Interestingly, we have found that elevated extracellular Ca2+ per se induces a NETO delay, which depends on CN and its downstream target genes. These findings imply that Ca2+-CN signaling plays a central role in cell polarity control by checkpoint activation. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.129

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  • Phenotypic Diagnosis of Lineage and Differentiation During Sake Yeast Breeding. 査読 国際誌

    Shinsuke Ohnuki, Hiroki Okada, Anne Friedrich, Yoichiro Kanno, Tetsuya Goshima, Hirokazu Hasuda, Masaaki Inahashi, Naoto Okazaki, Hiroyasu Tamura, Ryo Nakamura, Dai Hirata, Hisashi Fukuda, Hitoshi Shimoi, Katsuhiko Kitamoto, Daisuke Watanabe, Joseph Schacherer, Takeshi Akao, Yoshikazu Ohya

    G3 (Bethesda, Md.)   7 ( 8 )   2807 - 2820   2017年8月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

    Sake yeast was developed exclusively in Japan. Its diversification during breeding remains largely uncharacterized. To evaluate the breeding processes of the sake lineage, we thoroughly investigated the phenotypes and differentiation of 27 sake yeast strains using high-dimensional, single-cell, morphological phenotyping. Although the genetic diversity of the sake yeast lineage is relatively low, its morphological diversity has expanded substantially compared to that of the Saccharomycescerevisiae species as a whole. Evaluation of the different types of breeding processes showed that the generation of hybrids (crossbreeding) has more profound effects on cell morphology than the isolation of mutants (mutation breeding). Analysis of phenotypic robustness revealed that some sake yeast strains are more morphologically heterogeneous, possibly due to impairment of cellular network hubs. This study provides a new perspective for studying yeast breeding genetics and micro-organism breeding strategies.

    DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.044099

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  • Evaluation of the comprehensive palatability of Japanese sake paired with dishes by multiple regression analysis based on subdomains 査読

    Ryo Nakamura, Kumiko Nakano, Hiroyasu Tamura, Masaki Mizunuma, Tohru Fushiki, Dai Hirata

    BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY   81 ( 8 )   1598 - 1606   2017年

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

    Many factors contribute to palatability. In order to evaluate the palatability of Japanese alcohol sake paired with certain dishes by integrating multiple factors, here we applied an evaluation method previously reported for palatability of cheese by multiple regression analysis based on 3 subdomain factors (rewarding, cultural, and informational). We asked 94 Japanese participants/subjects to evaluate the palatability of sake (1st evaluation/E1 for the first cup, 2nd/E2 and 3rd/E3 for the palatability with aftertaste/afterglow of certain dishes) and to respond to a questionnaire related to 3 subdomains. In E1, 3 factors were extracted by a factor analysis, and the subsequent multiple regression analyses indicated that the palatability of sake was interpreted by mainly the rewarding. Further, the results of attribution-dissections in E1 indicated that 2 factors (rewarding and informational) contributed to the palatability. Finally, our results indicated that the palatability of sake was influenced by the dish eaten just before drinking.

    DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1336924

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  • Stimulating S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthesis extends lifespan via activation of AMPK 査読

    Takafumi Ogawa, Ryohei Tsubakiyama, Muneyoshi Kanai, Tetsuya Koyama, Tsutomu Fujii, Haruyuki Iefuji, Tomoyoshi Soga, Kazunori Kume, Tokichi Miyakawa, Dai Hirata, Masaki Mizunuma

    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA   113 ( 42 )   11913 - 11918   2016年10月

  • Identification of a mutation causing a defective spindle assembly checkpoint in high ethyl caproate-producing sake yeast strain K1801 査読

    Goshima, Tetsuya, Nakamura, Ryo, Kume, Kazunori, Okada, Hiroki, Ichikawa, Eri, Tamura, Hiroyasu, Hasuda, Hirokazu, Inahashi, Masaaki, Okazaki, Naoto, Akao, Takeshi, Shimoi, Hitoshi, Mizunuma, Masaki, Ohya, Yoshikazu, Hirata, Dai

    BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY   80 ( 8 )   1657 - 1662   2016年8月

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

    In high-quality sake brewing, the cerulenin-resistant sake yeast K1801 with high ethyl caproate-producing ability has been used widely; however, K1801 has a defective spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). To identify the mutation causing this defect, we first searched for sake yeasts with a SAC-defect like K1801 and found that K13 had such a defect. Then, we searched for a common SNP in only K1801 and K13 by examining 15 checkpoint-related genes in 23 sake yeasts, and found 1 mutation, R48P of Cdc55, the PP2A regulatory B subunit that is important for the SAC. Furthermore, we confirmed that the Cdc55-R48P mutation was responsible for the SAC-defect in K1801 by molecular genetic analyses. Morphological analysis indicated that this mutation caused a high cell morphological variation. But this mutation did not affect the excellent brewing properties of K1801. Thus, this mutation is a target for breeding of a new risk-free K1801 with normal checkpoint integrity.

    DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1184963

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  • Spatial control of translation repression and polarized growth by conserved NDR kinase Orb6 and RNA-binding protein Sts5 査読

    Nunez, Illyce, Pino, Marbelys Rodriguez, Wiley, David J, Das, Maitreyi, Chen, Chuan, Goshima, Tetsuya, Kume, Kazunori, Hirata, Dai, Toda, Takashi, Verde, Fulvia

    ELIFE   5   2016年7月

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:ELIFE SCIENCES PUBLICATIONS LTD  

    RNA-binding proteins contribute to the formation of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules by phase transition, but regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood. Conserved fission yeast NDR (Nuclear Dbf2-Related) kinase Orb6 governs cell morphogenesis in part by spatially controlling Cdc42 GTPase. Here we describe a novel, independent function for Orb6 kinase in negatively regulating the recruitment of RNA-binding protein Sts5 into RNPs to promote polarized cell growth. We find that Orb6 kinase inhibits Sts5 recruitment into granules, its association with processing (P) bodies, and degradation of Sts5-bound mRNAs by promoting Sts5 interaction with 14-3-3 protein Rad24. Many Sts5-bound mRNAs encode essential factors for polarized cell growth, and Orb6 kinase spatially and temporally controls the extent of Sts5 granule formation. Disruption of this control system affects cell morphology and alters the pattern of polarized cell growth, revealing a role for Orb6 kinase in the spatial control of translational repression that enables normal cell morphogenesis.

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  • Natural thioallyl compounds increase oxidative stress resistance and lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans by modulating SKN-1/Nrf 査読

    Ogawa, Takahiro, Kodera, Yukihiro, Hirata, Dai, Blackwell, T. Keith, Mizunuma, Masaki

    SCIENTIFIC REPORTS   6   2016年2月

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP  

    Identification of biologically active natural compounds that promote health and longevity, and understanding how they act, will provide insights into aging and metabolism, and strategies for developing agents that prevent chronic disease. The garlic-derived thioallyl compounds S-allylcysteine (SAC) and S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC) have been shown to have multiple biological activities. Here we show that SAC and SAMC increase lifespan and stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans and reduce accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These compounds do not appear to activate DAF-16 (FOXO orthologue) or mimic dietary restriction (DR) effects, but selectively induce SKN-1 (Nrf1/2/3 orthologue) targets involved in oxidative stress defense. Interestingly, their treatments do not facilitate SKN-1 nuclear accumulation, but slightly increased intracellular SKN-1 levels. Our data also indicate that thioallyl structure and the number of sulfur atoms are important for SKN-1 target induction. Our results indicate that SAC and SAMC may serve as potential agents that slow aging.

    DOI: 10.1038/srep21611

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  • カプロン酸エチル高生産性清酒酵母の迅速識別法

    田村 博康, 栗林 喬, 久米 一規, 五島 徹也, 中村 諒, 渡邊 健一, 赤尾 健, 下飯 仁, 水沼 正樹, 平田 大

    日本醸造協会誌   110 ( 12 )   820 - 826   2015年12月

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

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  • Casein kinase 1 gamma acts as a molecular switch for cell polarization through phosphorylation of the polarity factor Tea1 in fission yeast 査読

    Koyano, Takayuki, Barnouin, Karin, Snijders, Ambrosius P, Kume, Kazunori, Hirata, Dai, Toda, Takashi

    GENES TO CELLS   20 ( 12 )   1046 - 1058   2015年12月

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:WILEY-BLACKWELL  

    Fission yeast undergoes growth polarity transition from monopolar to bipolar during G2 phase, designated NETO (New End Take Off). It is known that NETO onset involves two prerequisites, the completion of DNA replication and attainment of a certain cell size. However, the molecular mechanism remains unexplored. Here, we show that casein kinase 1 gamma, Cki3 is a critical determinant of NETO onset. Not only did cki3 Delta cells undergo NETO during G1- or S-phase, but they also displayed premature NETO under unperturbed conditions with a smaller cell size, leading to cell integrity defects. Cki3 interacted with the polarity factor Tea1, of which phosphorylation was dependent on Cki3 kinase activity. GFP nanotrap of Tea1 by Cki3 led to Tea1 hyperphosphorylation with monopolar growth, whereas the same entrapment by kinase-dead Cki3 resulted in converse bipolar growth. Intriguingly, the Tea1 interactor Tea4 was dissociated from Tea1 by Cki3 entrapment. Mass spectrometry identified four phosphoserine residues within Tea1 that were hypophosphorylated in cki3 Delta cells. Phosphomimetic Tea1 mutants showed compromised binding to Tea4 and NETO defects, indicating that these serine residues a

    DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12309

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  • Isolation of a spontaneous cerulenin-resistant sake yeast with both high ethyl caproate-producing ability and normal checkpoint integrity 査読

    Hiroyasu Tamura, Hiroki Okada, Kazunori Kume, Takayuki Koyano, Tetsuya Goshima, Ryo Nakamura, Takeshi Akao, Hitoshi Shimoi, Masaki Mizunuma, Yoshikazu Ohya, Dai Hirata

    BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY   79 ( 7 )   1191 - 1199   2015年7月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

    In the brewing of high-quality sake such as Daiginjo-shu, the cerulenin-resistant sake yeast strains with high producing ability to the flavor component ethyl caproate have been used widely. Genetic stability of sake yeast would be important for the maintenance of both fermentation properties of yeast and quality of sake. In eukaryotes, checkpoint mechanisms ensure genetic stability. However, the integrity of these mechanisms in sake yeast has not been examined yet. Here, we investigated the checkpoint integrity of sake yeasts, and the results suggested that a currently used cerulenin-resistant sake yeast had a defect in spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). We also isolated a spontaneous cerulenin-resistant sake yeast FAS2-G1250S mutant, G9CR, which showed both high ethyl caproate-producing ability and integrity/intactness of the checkpoint mechanisms. Further, morphological phenotypic robustness analysis by use of CalMorph supported the genetic stability of G9CR. Finally, we confirmed the high quality of sake from G9CR in an industrial sake brewing setting.

    DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1020756

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  • Screening for a gene deletion mutant whose temperature sensitivity is suppressed by FK506 in budding yeast and its application for a positive screening for drugs inhibiting calcineurin 査読

    Kume, Kazunori, Koyano, Takayuki, Takata, Junpei, Wakabayashi, Ko, Mizunuma, Masaki, Miyakawa, Tokichi, Hirata, Dai

    BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY   79 ( 5 )   790 - 794   2015年5月

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

    Calcineurin, which is a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, is a key mediator in calcium signaling in diverse biological processes and of clinical importance as the target of the immunosuppressant FK506. To identify a mutant(s) in which calcine

    DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.1003132

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  • Casein Kinase 1 gamma Ensures Monopolar Growth Polarity under Incomplete DNA Replication Downstream of Cds1 and Calcineurin in Fission Yeast 査読

    Koyano, Takayuki, Konishi, Manabu, Martin, Sophie G, Ohya, Yoshikazu, Hirata, Dai, Toda, Takashi, Kume, Kazunori

    MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY   35 ( 9 )   1533 - 1542   2015年5月

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY  

    Cell polarity is essential for various cellular functions during both proliferative and developmental stages, and it displays dynamic alterations in response to intracellular and extracellular cues. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying spatiotemporal control of polarity transition are poorly understood. Here, we show that fission yeast Cki3 (a casein kinase 1 gamma homolog) is a critical regulator to ensure persistent monopolar growth during S phase. Unlike the wild type, cki3 mutant cells undergo bipolar growth when S phase is blocked, a condition known to delay transition from monopolar to bipolar growth (termed NETO [new end takeoff]). Consistent with this role, Cki3 kinase activity is substantially increased, and cells lose their viability in the absence of Cki3 upon an S-phase block. Cki3 acts downstream of the checkpoint kinase Cds1/Chk2 and calcineurin, and the latter physically interacts with Cki3. Autophosphorylation in the C terminus is inhibitory toward Cki3 kinase activity, and calcineurin is responsible for its dephosphorylation. Cki3 localizes to the plasma membrane, and this localization requires the palmitoyltransferase complex Erf2-Erf4. Membrane localizati

    DOI: 10.1128/MCB.01465-14

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  • The essential function of Rrs1 in ribosome biogenesis is conserved in budding and fission yeasts 査読

    Wan, Kun, Kawara, Haruka, Yamamoto, Tomoyuki, Kume, Kazunori, Yabuki, Yukari, Goshima, Tetsuya, Kitamura, Kenji, Ueno, Masaru, Kanai, Muneyoshi, Hirata, Dai, Funato, Kouichi, Mizuta, Keiko

    Yeast   32 ( 9 )   607 - 614   2015年

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:WILEY-BLACKWELL  

    The Rrs1 protein plays an essential role in the biogenesis of 60S ribosomal subunits in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Here, we examined whether the fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) homologue of Rrs1 also plays a role in ribosome biogenesis. To this end, we constructed two temperature-sensitive fission yeast strains, rrs1-D14/22G and rrs1-L51P, which had amino acid substitutions corresponding to those of the previously characterized budding yeast rrs1-84 (D22/30G) and rrs1-124 (L61P) strains, respectively. The fission yeast mutants exhibited severe defects in growth and 60S ribosomal subunit biogenesis at high temperatures. In addition, expression of the Rrs1 protein of fission yeast suppressed the growth defects of the budding yeast rrs1 mutants at high temperatures. Yeast two-hybrid analyses revealed that the interactions of Rrs1 with the Rfp2 and Ebp2 proteins were conserved in budding and fission yeasts. These results suggest that the essential function of Rrs1 in ribosome biogenesis may be conserved in budding and fission yeasts. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

    DOI: 10.1002/yea.3083

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  • Late-maturing cooking rice Sensyuraku has excellent properties, equivalent to sake rice, for high-quality sake brewing 査読

    Yoshihiko Anzawa, Kenji Satoh, Yuko Satoh, Satomi Ohno, Tsutomu Watanabe, Kazuaki Katsumata, Kazunori Kume, Ken-ichi Watanabe, Masaki Mizunuma, Dai Hirata

    BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY   78 ( 11 )   1954 - 1962   2014年11月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

    Low protein content and sufficient grain rigidity are desired properties for the rice used in high-quality sake brewing such as Daiginjo-shu (polishing ratio of the rice, less than 50%). Two kinds of rice, sake rice (SR) and cooking rice (CR), have been used for sake brewing. Compared with those of SR, analyses of CR for high-quality sake brewing using highly polished rice have been limited. Here we described the original screening of late-maturing CR Sensyuraku (SEN) as rice with low protein content and characterization of its properties for high-quality sake brewing. The protein content of SEN was lower than those of SR Gohyakumangoku (GOM) and CR Yukinosei (YUK), and its grain rigidity was higher than that of GOM. The excellent properties of SEN with respect to both water-adsorption and enzyme digestibility were confirmed using a Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA). Further, we confirmed a clear taste of sake produced from SEN by sensory evaluation. Thus, SEN has excellent properties, equivalent to those of SR, for high-quality sake brewing.

    DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.930329

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  • Administered chrysanthemum flower oil attenuates hyperuricemia: mechanism of action as revealed by DNA microarray analysis 査読

    Shinichi Honda, Seiji Kawamoto, Hozumi Tanaka, Hideyuki Kishida, Masayasu Kitagawa, Yuji Nakai, Keiko Abe, Dai Hirata

    BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY   78 ( 4 )   655 - 661   2014年4月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

    We applied Chrysanthemum flower oil (CFO) to a hyperuricemia model by feeding rats a hyperuricemia-inducing diet (HID) and investigated its effect on serum uric acid (SUA) levels and its mode of action. CFO is the oily fraction that contains polyphenols derived from chrysanthemum flowers. Oral administration of CFO to HID-fed rats significantly decreased their SUA levels. It also inhibited xanthine oxidase activities in the liver and increased urine uric acid levels. The effects of CFO on the renal gene expressions that accompanied the induction of hyperuricemia were comprehensively confirmed by DNA microarray analysis. The analysis showed up-regulation of those genes for uric acid excretion by CFO administration. These results suggest that CFO suppresses the increase in SUA levels via two mechanisms: suppression of uric acid production by inhibition of xanthine oxidase in the liver and acceleration of its excretion by up-regulation of uric acid transporter genes in the kidney.

    DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.890028

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  • Polishing Properties of Sake Rice Koshitanrei for High-Quality Sake Brewing 査読

    Yoshihiko Anzawa, Yoshihito Nabekura, Kenji Satoh, Yuko Satoh, Satomi Ohno, Tsutomu Watanabe, Mitsuoki Kaneoke, Kazunori Kume, Masaki Mizunuma, Ken-ichi Watanabe, Kazuaki Katsumata, Dai Hirata

    BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY   77 ( 10 )   2160 - 2165   2013年10月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

    The Japanese high-quality sake Daiginjo-shu is made from highly polished rice (polishing ratio, less than 50%). Here we showed that the sake rice Koshitanrei (KOS) has an excellent polishing property. Rice grains of KOS had the same lined white-core region as the sake rice Yamadanishiki (YAM). The grain rigidity/hardness of KOS was higher than that of the sake rice Gohyakumangoku (GOM). The loss ratio of KOS after high polishing by an industrial polishing machine was lower than that of GOM. Further, a clear taste of sake produced from KOS was confirmed by sensory evaluation.

    DOI: 10.1271/bbb.130515

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  • Evidence of Antagonistic Regulation of Restart from G(1) Delay in Response to Osmotic Stress by the Hog1 and Whi3 in Budding Yeast 査読

    Mizunuma, Masaki, Ogawa, Takafumi, Koyama, Tetsuya, Shitamukai, Atsunori, Tsubakiyama, Ryohei, Komaruyama, Tadamasa, Yamaguchi, Toshinaga, Kume, Kazunori, Hirata, Dai

    BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY   77 ( 10 )   2002 - 2007   2013年10月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

    Hog1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is activated by hyperosmotic stress, and this leads to cell-cycle delay in G(1), but the mechanism by which cells restart from G(1) delay remains elusive. We found that Whi3, a negative regulator of G(1) cyclin, counteracted Hog1 in the restart from G(1) delay caused by osmotic stress. We have found that phosphorylation of Ser-568 in Whi3 by RAS/cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) plays an inhibitory role in Whi3 function. In this study we found that the phosphomimetic Whi3 S568D mutant, like the Delta whi3 strain, slightly suppressed G(1) delay of Delta hog1 cells under osmotic stress conditions, whereas the non-phosphorylatable S568A mutation of Whi3 caused prolonged G(1) arrest of Delta hog1 cells. These results indicate that Hog1 activity is required for restart from G(1) arrest under osmotic stress conditions, whereas Whi3 acts as a negative regulator for this restart mechanism.

    DOI: 10.1271/bbb.130260

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  • Fission Yeast Leucine-Rich Repeat Protein Lrp1 Is Essential for Cell Morphogenesis as a Component of the Morphogenesis Orb6 Network (MOR) 査読

    Kume, Kazunori, Kubota, Shunsuke, Koyano, Takayuki, Kanai, Muneyoshi, Mizunuma, Masaki, Toda, Takashi, Hirata, Dai

    BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY   77 ( 5 )   1086 - 1091   2013年5月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

    In eukaryotes, cell morphogenesis is regulated coordinately with the cell cycle. In fission yeast, the morphogenesis network MOR (morphogenesis Orb6 network) consists of 5 conserved proteins, Pmo25, Nak1, Mor2, Orb6, and Mob2, and is essential for cell polarity control and cell separation following cytokinesis. Here we show that the conserved leucine-rich repeat protein Lrp1 is required for cell morphogenesis as a newly recognized component of MOR. Lrp1 has 4 leucine-rich repeats in its N-terminus and is a homolog of the budding yeast Sog2, which is a component of the RAM network (regulation of Ace2 activity and cellular morphogenesis). Lrp1 was essential for both cell growth and cell morphogenesis as were the other MOR components. Lrp1 was localized to the SPBs (spindle pole bodies, the yeast equivalent of the animal centrosome) throughout the cell cycle and to the medial ring during cytokinesis. Lrp1 interacted with Nak1 and was important for Orb6 kinase activity. Thus Lrp1 proved to function upstream of Orb6 in cell morphogenesis.

    DOI: 10.1271/bbb.130064

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  • Ras/cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase (PKA) Regulates Multiple Aspects of Cellular Events by Phosphorylating the Whi3 Cell Cycle Regulator in Budding Yeast 査読

    Mizunuma, Masaki, Tsubakiyama, Ryohei, Ogawa, Takafumi, Shitamukai, Atsunori, Kobayashi, Yoshifumi, Inai, Tomomi, Kume, Kazunori, Hirata, Dai

    JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY   288 ( 15 )   10558 - 10566   2013年4月

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC  

    The Start/G(1) phase in the cell cycle is an important period during which cells determine their developmental fate, onset of mitotic progression, or the switch to developmental stages in response to both external and internal signals. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Whi3, a negative regulator of the G(1) cyclins, has been identified as a positive regulator of cell size control and is involved in the regulation of Start. However, the regulatory pathway of Whi3 governing the response to multiple signals remains largely unknown. Here, we show that Whi3 is phosphorylated by the Ras/cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and that phosphorylation of Ser-568 in Whi3 by PKA plays an inhibitory role in Whi3 function. Phosphorylation of Whi3 by PKA led to its decreased interaction with CLN3 G(1) cyclin mRNA and was required for the promotion of G(1)/S progression. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the phosphomimetic S568D mutation of Whi3 prevented the developmental fate switch to sporulation or invasive growth. Thus, PKA modulated the function of Whi3 by phosphorylation, thus implicating PKA-mediated modulation of Whi3 in multiple cellular events.

    DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M112.402214

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  • Isolation of a non-urea-producing sake yeast strain carrying a discriminable molecular marker 査読

    Takashi Kuribayashi, Hiroyasu Tamura, Keigo Sato, Yoshihito Nabekura, Toshio Aoki, Yoshihiko Anzawa, Kazuaki Katsumata, Shunji Ohdaira, Susumu Yamashita, Kazunori Kume, Mitsuoki Kaneoke, Ken-Ichi Watanabe, Dai Hirata

    Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry   77 ( 12 )   2505 - 2509   2013年

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

    In the fermentation industry, the traceability of microorganisms during the process is important to ensure safety and efficacy. Ethyl carbamate, a group-2A carcinogen, is produced from ethanol and urea during the storage of food/alcoholic beverages. We isolated non-urea-producing sake yeast car1 mutants carrying a discriminable molecular marker, and demonstrated, by the use of PCR assays, that these mutants are useful for traceability analysis and identification during the sake brewing process.

    DOI: 10.1271/bbb.130621

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  • Analysis of the biological activity of a novel 24-membered macrolide JBIR-19 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the morphological imaging program CalMorph 査読

    Shinsuke Ohnuki, Tomohide Kobayashi, Hayato Ogawa, Ikuko Kozone, Jun-ya Ueda, Motoki Takagi, Kazuo Shin-ya, Dai Hirata, Satoru Nogami, Yoshikazu Ohya

    FEMS Yeast Research   12 ( 3 )   293 - 304   2012年5月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

    To investigate the biological activity of a novel 24-membered macrolide compound, JBIR-19, isolated from the culture broth of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium sp. fE61, morphological changes in yeast cells were examined using the automated image-processing program CalMorph. Principal components analysis was used to elucidate dynamic changes in the phenotypes, revealing two independent effects of JBIR-19 in yeast cells: bud elongation and increased size of the actin region. Using a fitness assay, we identified the genes required for robust growth in the presence of JBIR-19. Among these were CCW12, YLR111W, and DHH1, which are also involved in abnormal bud morphology. Based on these results and others, we predict intracellular targets of JBIR-19 and its functional interactions. © 2011 Federation of European Microbiological Societies.

    DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2011.00770.x

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  • Analysis of free fatty acids in sake by an enzymatic method and its application for estimating ethyl caproate and selecting yeast with high productivity of the ester 査読

    Takashi Kuribayashi, Mitsuoki Kaneoke, Dai Hirata, Ken-Ichi Watanabe

    Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry   76 ( 2 )   391 - 394   2012年

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

    We show that the concentration of total free fatty acids (FFAs) in sake produced by yeast with high productivity of ethyl caproate could be approximated by the concentration of 2 FFAs, caproic and caprylic acids. Measurement of the total FFAs concentration by an enzymatic method proved useful for both estimating the ethyl caproate concentration in sake and also for yeast breeding. © 2012 W. S. Maney &amp
    Son Ltd.

    DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110698

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  • Systematic Localization Study on Novel Proteins Encoded by Meiotically Up-Regulated ORFs in Fission Yeast 査読

    Chiho Ikebe, Manabu Konishi, Dai Hirata, Takahiro Matsusaka, Takashi Toda

    BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY   75 ( 12 )   2364 - 2370   2011年12月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

    We conducted a mitotic localization study on gene products encoded by 56 uncharacterized fission yeast ORFs that were transcriptionally up-regulated during meiotic division. Despite meiotic gene induction, these genes were expressed during mitosis as well. Seven gene products were localized in the nucleus and/or chromatin; another one was a mitosis-specific spindle pole body component and, intriguingly, its human homologue was also localized in the centrosome of cultured HeLa cells. Two products appeared to be localized in cytoplasmic microtubules, whereas four were mitochondrial proteins. Three other proteins were found in the medial ring upon cytokinesis and another was localized on the entire cell periphery. The remaining 38 proteins were detected in the cytoplasm and showed varied spatial patterns. This systematic study helps our integrated understanding of all the protein functions in the fission yeast as a eukaryotic model.

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  • Implication of Ca2+ in the Regulation of Replicative Life Span of Budding Yeast 査読

    Ryohei Tsubakiyama, Masaki Mizunuma, Anri Gengyo, Josuke Yamamoto, Kazunori Kume, Tokichi Miyakawa, Dai Hirata

    JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY   286 ( 33 )   28681 - 28687   2011年8月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC  

    In eukaryotic cells, Ca2+-triggered signaling pathways are used to regulate a wide variety of cellular processes. Calcineurin, a highly conserved Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, plays key roles in the regulation of diverse biological processes in organisms ranging from yeast to humans. We isolated a mutant of the SIR3 gene, implicated in the regulation of life span, as a suppressor of the Ca2+ sensitivity of zds1 Delta cells in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Therefore, we investigated a relationship between Ca2+ signaling and life span in yeast. Here we show that Ca2+ affected the replicative life span (RLS) of yeast. Increased external and intracellular Ca2+ levels caused a reduction in their RLS. Consistently, the increase in calcineurin activity by either the zds1 deletion or the constitutively activated calcineurin reduced RLS. Indeed, the shortened RLS of zds1 Delta cells was suppressed by the calcineurin deletion. Further, the calcineurin deletion per se promoted aging without impairing the gene silencing typically observed in short-lived sir mutants, indicating that calcineurin plays an important role in a regulation of RLS even under normal growth condition. Thus, our results indicate that Ca2+ homeostasis/Ca2+ signaling are required to regulate longevity in budding yeast.

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  • Sake Lees Fermented with Lactic Acid Bacteria Prevents Allergic Rhinitis-Like Symptoms and IgE-Mediated Basophil Degranulation 査読

    Seiji Kawamoto, Mitsuoki Kaneoke, Kayo Ohkouchi, Yuichi Amano, Yuki Takaoka, Kazunori Kume, Tsunehiro Aki, Susumu Yamashita, Ken-ichi Watanabe, Motoni Kadowaki, Dai Hirata, Kazuhisa Ono

    BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY   75 ( 1 )   140 - 144   2011年1月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

    We tested the effect of oral administration of fermented sake lees with lactic acid bacteria (FESLAB) on a murine model of allergic rhinitis upon immunization and nasal sensitization with ovalbumin (OVA). We used Lactobacillus paracasei NPSRIk-4 (isolated from sake lees), and L. brevis NPSRIv-8 (from fermented milk) as starter strains to produce the FESLAB. Oral FESLAB administration resulted in the development of significantly fewer sneezing symptoms than those seen in sham control animals given sterile water. We also found that FESLAB suppressed the allergen-induced degranulation of RBL2H3 rat basophilic leukemia cells.

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  • Fission Yeast Germinal Center (GC) Kinase Ppk11 Interacts with Pmo25 and Plays an Auxiliary Role in Concert with the Morphogenesis Orb6 Network (MOR) in Cell Morphogenesis 査読

    Goshima, Tetsuya, Kume, Kazunori, Koyano, Takayuki, Ohya, Yoshikazu, Toda, Takashi, Hirata, Dai

    JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY   285 ( 45 )   35196 - 35205   2010年11月

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC  

    How cell morphology and the cell cycle are coordinately regulated is a fundamental subject in cell biology. In fission yeast, 2 germinal center kinases (GCKs), Sid1 and Nak1, play an essential role in septation/cytokinesis and cell separation/cell polarity control, respectively, as components of the septation initiation network (SIN) and the morphogenesis Orb6 network (MOR). Here we show that a third GCK, Ppk11, is also required for efficient cell separation particularly, at a high temperature. Although Ppk11 is not essential for cell division, this kinase plays an auxiliary role in concert with MOR in cell morphogenesis. Ppk11 physically interacts with the MOR component Pmo25 and is localized to the septum, by which Ppk11 is crucial for Pmo25 targeting/accumulation to the septum. The conserved C-terminal WDF motif of Ppk11 is essential for both septum accumulation of Pmo25 and efficient cell separation. In contrast its kinase activity is required only for cell separation. Thus, both interaction of Ppk11 with Pmo25 and Ppk11 kinase activity are critical for efficient cell separation.

    DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M110.176867

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  • The mitosis-to-interphase transition is coordinated by cross talk between the SIN and MOR pathways in Schizosaccharomyces pombe 査読

    Ray, Samriddha, Kume, Kazunori, Gupta, Sneha, Ge, Wanzhong, Balasubramanian, Mohan, Hirata, Dai, McCollum, Dannel

    JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY   190 ( 5 )   793 - 805   2010年9月

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS  

    The mechanisms that regulate cytoskeletal remodeling during the transition between mitosis and interphase are poorly understood. In fission yeast the MOR pathway promotes actin polarization to cell tips in interphase, whereas the SIN signaling pathway drives actomyosin ring assembly and cytokinesis. We show that the SIN inhibits MOR signaling in mitosis by interfering with Nak1 kinase-mediated activation of the most downstream MOR component, the NDR family kinase Orb6. Inactivation of the MOR may be a key function of the SIN because attenuation of MOR signaling rescued the cytokinetic defects of SIN mutants and allowed weak SIN signaling to trigger ectopic cytokinesis. Furthermore, failure to inhibit the MOR is toxic when the cell division apparatus is compromised. Together, our results reveal a mutually antagonistic relationship between the SIN and MOR pathways, which is important for completion of cytokinesis and coordination of cytoskeletal remodeling at the mitosis-to-interphase transition.

    DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201002055

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  • Search for Kinases Related to Transition of Growth Polarity in Fission Yeast 査読

    Takayuki Koyano, Kazunori Kume, Manabu Konishi, Takashi Toda, Dai Hirata

    BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY   74 ( 5 )   1129 - 1133   2010年5月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

    In eukaryotes, cell polarity is essential for cell proliferation, differentiation, and development. It is regulated in 3 steps: establishment, maintenance, and transition. Compared to current knowledge of establishment and maintenance, the mechanism regulating the transition of cell polarity is poorly understood. In fission yeast during the G2 phase, growth polarity undergoes a dramatic transition, from monopolar to bipolar growth (termed NETO: new end take off). In this study, we screened systematically for protein kinases related to NETO using a genome-wide kinase deletion library. Analysis of these deletions suggested that 35 and 2 kinases had a putative positive and a negative role, respectively, in NETO. Moreover, 5 kinases were required for NETO-delay in the G1-arrested cdc10 mutant. These results suggest that many signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of NETO.

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  • Identification of Tup1 and Cyc8 mutations defective in the responses to osmotic stiress 査読

    Kobayashi, Yoshifumi, Inai, Tomomi, Mizunuma, Masaki, Okada, Ichitaro, Shitamukai, Atsunori, Hirata, Dai, Miyakawa, Tokichi

    BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS   368 ( 1 )   50 - 55   2008年3月

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

    In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Tup1, in association with Cyc8 (Ssn6), functions as a general transcriptional corepressor. This repression is mediated by recruitment of the Tup1-Cyc8 complex to target promoters through sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins such as Sko1, which mediates the HOG pathway-dependent regulation. We identified tup1 and cyc8 mutant alleles as the suppressor of osmo-sensitivity of the hog1 Delta strain. In these mutants, although the expression of the genes under the control of DNA-binding proteins other than Sko1 was apparently normal, the Sko1-regulated genes GRE2 and AHP1 were derepressed under non-stress conditions, suggesting that the Tup1 and Cyc8 mutant proteins were specifically defective in the repression of the Sko1-dependent genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses of the GRE2 promoter in the mutants demonstrated that the Sko1-Tup1-Cyc8 complex was localized to the promoter, together with Gcn5/SAGA, suggesting that the erroneous recruitment of SAGA to the promoter led to the derepression. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.01.033

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  • Diversity of Ca2+-induced morphology revealed by morphological phenotyping of Ca2+-sensitive mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 査読

    Shinsuke Ohnuki, Satoru Nogami, Hanako Kanai, Dai Hirata, Yoichiro Nakatani, Shinichi Morishita, Yoshikazu Ohya

    EUKARYOTIC CELL   6 ( 5 )   817 - 830   2007年5月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY  

    Yeast cell morphology can be treated as a quantitative trait using the image processing software CalMorph. In the present study, we investigated Ca2+-induced morphological changes in Ca2+-sensitive (cls) mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, based on the discovery that the characteristic Ca2+-induced morphological changes in the Ca2+-sensitive mutant zds1 reflect changes in the Ca2+ signaling-mediated cell cycle control pathway. By applying hierarchical cluster analysis to the quantitative morphological data of 58 cls mutants, 31 of these mutants were classified into seven classes based on morphological similarities. The patterns of morphological change induced by Ca2+ in one class differed from those of another class. Based on the results obtained using versatile methods for phenotypic analysis, we conclude that a high concentration of Ca2+ exerts a wide variety of effects on yeast and that there are multiple Ca2+-regulatory pathways that are distinct from the Zds1p-related pathway.

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  • A method for Pmo25-associated kinase assay in fission yeast: The activity is dependent on two GC kinases Nak1 and Sid1 査読

    Kume, Kazunori, Goshima, Tetsuya, Miyahara, Kohji, Toda, Takashi, Hirata, Dai

    BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY   71 ( 2 )   615 - 617   2007年2月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

    In fission yeast, the conserved proteins, MO25/ Pmo25, GC kinase/Nak1, Furry/Mor2, NDR kinase/ Orb6, and Mob2, constitute the morphogenesis Orb6 network (MOR). Previously we showed that Pmo25 functions as an upstream component of MOR and that it plays a connecting role between the septation initiation network (SIN) and MOR. Here we establish a Pmo25-associated kinase assay and show that the activity is dependent on Nak1/MOR and Sid1/SIN.

    DOI: 10.1271/bbb.60574

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  • Involvement of calcineurin-dependent degradation of Yap1p in Ca2+-induced G(2) cell-cycle regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 査読

    Yokoyama, H, Mizunuma, M, Okamoto, M, Yamamoto, J, Hirata, D, Miyakawa, T

    EMBO REPORTS   7 ( 5 )   519 - 524   2006年5月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP  

    The Ca2+-activated pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae induce a delay in the onset of mitosis through the activation of Swe1p, a negative regulatory kinase that inhibits the Cdc28p/Clb complex. We isolated the YAP1 gene as a multicopy suppressor of calcium sensitivity owing to the loss of ZDS1, a negative regulator of SWE1 and CLN2 gene expression. YAP1 deletion on a zds1 Delta background exacerbated the Ca2+-related phenotype. Yap1p was degraded in a calcineurin-dependent manner when cells were exposed to calcium. In yap1 Delta cells, the expression level of the RPN4 gene encoding a transcription factor for the subunits of the ubiquitin-proteasome system was diminished. The deletion of YAP1 gene or RPN4 gene led to the accumulation of Swe1p and Cln2p. Yap1p was a substrate of calcineurin in vivo and in vitro. The calcineurin-mediated Yap1p degradation seems to be a long adaptive response that assures a G(2) delay in response to a stress that causes the activation of the calcium signalling pathways.

    DOI: 10.1038/sj.embor.7400647

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  • The V260I mutation in fission yeast alpha-tubulin Atb2 affects microtubule dynamics and EB1-Mal3 localization and activates the Bub1 branch of the spindle checkpoint. 査読

    Asakawa K, Kume K, Kanai M, Goshima T, Miyahara K, Dhut S, Tee WW, Hirata D, Toda T

    Molecular biology of the cell   17 ( 3 )   1421 - 1435   2006年3月

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    出版者・発行元:3  

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  • Evaluation of image processing programs for accurate measurement of budding and fission yeast morphology 査読

    Suzuki Genjiro, Sawai Hiroshi, Ohtani Miwaka, Nogami Satoru, Sano-Kumagai Fumi, Saka Ayaka, Yukawa Masashi, Saito Taro L, Sese Jun, Hirata Dai, o

    Current genetics   49 ( 4 )   237 - 247   2006年

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    出版者・発行元:Springer-Verlag  

    DOI: 10.1007/s00294-005-0051-0

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  • Mal3, the fission yeast EB1 homologue, cooperates with Bub1 spindle checkpoint to prevent monopolar attachment. 査読

    Asakawa K, Toya M, Sato M, Kanai M, Kume K, Goshima T, Garcia MA, Hirata D, Toda T

    EMBO reports   6   1194 - 1200   2005年12月

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    出版者・発行元:12  

    DOI: 10.1038/sj.embor.7400540

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  • Implication of Pkc1p protein kinase C in sustaining Cln2p level and polarized bud growth in response to calcium signaling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 査読

    M Mizunuma, D Hirata, T Miyakawa

    JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE   118 ( 18 )   4219 - 4229   2005年9月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD  

    Protein kinase C, a highly conserved signaling molecule among eukaryotes, has been implicated in the regulation of cellular processes such as cell proliferation and polarized growth. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the unique protein kinase C Pkc1p is thought to have multiple functions, including the activation of the Mpk1p (Slt2p) MAP kinase pathway, which is essential for cell wall construction and bud emergence. However, little is known about the other functions of Pkc1p. In the course of screening for the mutants that suppress the Ca2+-sensitivity phenotype of the Ca2+-sensitive strain zds Delta, we isolated a novel mutant allele (scz6/pkc1-834) of PKC1. Unlike the previously characterized PKC1 allele stt1-1, heat-shock-induced Mpk1p activation and cell-wall integrity were not impaired in the pkc1-834 mutant. By contrast, the mutant was defective in the maintenance of Ca2+-induced F-actin polarization in a manner independent of Mpk1p activation. This phenotype was caused by a decreased expression level of the G(1) cyclin Cln2p. The Rho1 small G protein molecular switch was suggested to be involved in the novel Pkc1p function. The Pkc1p novel function was required for posttranscriptional upregulation of Cln2p and appeared to be important for the coordinated regulation of polar bud growth and the cell cycle.

    DOI: 10.1242/jcs.02535

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  • Mutational analysis of the yeast multidrug resistance ABC transporter Pdr5p with altered drug specificity 査読

    AC Tutulan-Cunita, M Mikoshi, M Mizunuma, D Hirata, T Miyakawa

    GENES TO CELLS   10 ( 5 )   409 - 420   2005年5月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:WILEY-BLACKWELL  

    Multidrug resistance ABC transporter Pdr5p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is particularly important due to its ability to export a wide range of unrelated substrates. To clarify its function, we generated Pdr5p mutants by random mutagenesis and screened for mutants with altered drug specificity in vivo by using 5 drug compounds. Nine point mutations that caused significant changes in drug specificity distributed throughout the length of Pdr5p, namely, in the extracellular, transmembrane or cytoplasmic regions of the transporter. We then investigated their effects upon drug resistance, using 36 chemically related or distinct substrates. From this study, overall geometry of the Pdr5p was suggested to contribute in acquiring the enormous range of drug specificity. Based on their ability to inhibit the growth of the mutant strains, the 36 tested drugs were classified into: drugs to which the mutants responded differently (Group 1), drugs to which all the mutants showed sensitivity (Group 2), and drugs to which all the mutants exhibited resistance (Group 3). The ability of the compounds to be partitioned to the plasma membrane seemed an important factor for recognition by Pdr5p.

    DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2005.00847.x

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  • Involvement of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pdr5p ATP-binding cassette transporter in calcium homeostasis 査読

    AC Tutulan-Cunita, T Ohnishi, M Mizunuma, D Hirata, T Miyakawa

    BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY   69 ( 4 )   857 - 860   2005年4月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

    Deletion of PDR5 gene (Delta pdr5) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae led to increased resistance to calcium. The cellular Ca2+ level in the presence of high calcium as estimated by reporter assay in Delta pdr5 cells was significantly lower than that in wild-type cells. Membrane Pdr5p levels diminished rapidly during incubation with high calcium in a manner dependent on calcineurin and Pep4p, suggesting a feedback regulatory mechanism for Pdr5p abundance.

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  • 酵母の特殊な変異形質を利用するCa^<2+>シグナル伝達に作用する薬剤のポジティブスクリーニング

    下向 敦範, 水沼 正樹, 平田 大, 高橋 英俊, 宮川 都吉

    日本農芸化学会誌   76 ( 8 )   734 - 735   2002年8月

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    記述言語:日本語   出版者・発行元:Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry  

    DOI: 10.1271/nogeikagaku1924.76.734

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  • 酵母の特殊な変異形質を利用するCa2+シグナル伝達に作用する薬剤のポジティブスクリーニング 招待

    下向 敦範, 水沼 正樹, 平田 大, 高橋 英俊, 宮川 都吉

    化学と生物(日本農芸化学会誌)   76   38 - 39   2002年

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  • Regulation of Wee1 kinase in response to protein synthesis inhibition 査読

    M Suda, S Yamada, T Toda, T Miyakawa, D Hirata

    FEBS LETTERS   486 ( 3 )   305 - 309   2000年12月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:WILEY  

    To investigate the mechanism coupling growth (protein synthesis) with cell division, we examined the relationship between the tyrosine kinase Wee1 that inhibits Cdc2-Cdc13 mitosis-inducing kinase by phosphorylating it, and protein synthesis inhibition in fission yeast. The wee1-50 mutant showed supersensitivity to protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, Wee1 was essential for the G(2) delay upon a partial inhibition of protein synthesis. Indeed, the protein synthesis inhibition caused an increase in the Wee1 protein by the Sty1/Spc1 MAPK-dependent transcriptional and the Sty1/Spc1 MAPK-independent post-transcriptional regulations. Further, the results indicated that the post-transcriptional regulation is important for the G(2) delay. (C) 2000 Federation of European Biochemical Societies, Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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  • Yeast Crv4/Ttp1, a predicted type II membrane protein, is involved in an event important for growth, functionally overlapping with the event regulated by calcineurin- and Mpk1-mediated pathways 査読

    T. Nakamura, T. Ohmoto, D. Hirata, E. Tsuchiya, T. Miyakawa

    Molecular Genetics and Genomics   256 ( 5 )   481 - 487   1997年11月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

    The Saccharomyces cerevisiae crv mutants (crv1, 2, 3 and 4) exhibit phenotypes, such as calcium resistance and vanadate sensitivity, which are apparently similar to those of calcineurin-deficient mutants, We have cloned and characterized the CRV4 gene that complements all the phenotypes of the crv4 mutant. DNA sequencing revealed that CRV4 is identical to the previously cloned gene TTP1, which encodes a type II membrane protein of unknown function. Deletion of CRV4/TTP1 causes no obvious phenotype except for Ca2+ resistance and vanadate sensitivity, but is synthetically lethal in combination with a deletion of MPK1, in a manner which is suppressible by the addition of an osmotic stabilizer. In medium containing sorbitol as an osmotic stabilizer, the cnb1 mpk1 ttp1 triple mutant exhibits a more severe growth defect than does any of the double mutants cnb1 ttp1, cnb1 mpk1 or mpk1 ttp1. A high Ca2+ concentration (50 mM) or a constitutively active form of calcineurin partially suppresses the growth defect of the mpk1 ttp1 double mutant. These results indicate that Ttp1 participates in a cellular event essential for growth and morphogenesis, in parallel with the pathways involving Mpk1 MAP kinase and calcineurin.

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▶ 全件表示

書籍等出版物

  • 清酒酵母の研究 90年代の研究

    大嶋泰治, 大隅良典, 平田 大( 担当: 共著)

    財団法人日本醸造協会  2003年2月 

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    総ページ数:202   担当ページ:39-46   記述言語:日本語 著書種別:学術書

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  • バイオテクノロジー講義

    宮川都吉, 平田 大( 担当: 共著)

    朝倉書店  1999年2月 

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    総ページ数:156   担当ページ:59-64   記述言語:日本語 著書種別:教科書・概説・概論

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  • 酵母とバイオ 酵母研究の新潮流

    大隅良典, 松本邦弘, 田中一馬, 宮川都吉, 中村太郎, 平田 大( 担当: 共著)

    医学出版センター  1994年1月 

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    総ページ数:305   担当ページ:28-42   記述言語:日本語 著書種別:学術書

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MISC

  • Involvement of S-adenosylmethionine in G(1) cell-cycle regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

    M Mizunuma, K Miyamura, D Hirata, H Yokoyama, T Miyakawa

    PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA   101 ( 16 )   6086 - 6091   2004年4月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:NATL ACAD SCIENCES  

    S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) is a molecule central to general metabolism, serving as a principal methyl donor for methylation of various cellular constituents. The alteration in the availability of AdoMet has profound effect on cell growth. A mutant allele of Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene SAH1 encoding S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (AdoHcy) hydrolase, was isolated as a mutation that suppressed the Ca2+-sensitive phenotypes of the zds1Delta strain, such as the Ca2+-induced, Swe1p- and Cin2p-mediated G(2) cell-cycle arrest, and polarized bud growth. The mutation (sah1-1) led the cells to accumulate AdoMet besides AdoHcy, the substrate of Sah1p. The cells treated with exogenous AdoMet and AdoHcy had markedly decreased levels of SWE1 and CLN2 mRNA, providing the basis for the suppression of the Ca2+ sensitivity by the sah1-1 mutation. Exogenous AdoMet transiently led the cells to G(1) cell-cycle delay whereas AdoHcy caused growth inhibition irrelevant to the cell cycle. The effect of AdoMet in inducing the cell-cycle delay was exerted in a manner independent of Met4p, an overall transcriptional activator for MET genes. Our observation provides an insight into the role played by AdoMet in cell cycle regulation.

    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0308314101

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  • Fission yeast Mor2/Cps12, a protein similar to Drosophila Furry, is essential for cell morphogenesis and its mutation induces Wee1-dependent G(2) delay

    D Hirata, N Kishimoto, M Suda, Y Sogabe, S Nakagawa, Y Yoshida, K Sakai, M Mizunuma, T Miyakawa, J Ishiguro, T Toda

    EMBO JOURNAL   21 ( 18 )   4863 - 4874   2002年9月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:WILEY  

    Fission yeast cells identify growing regions at the opposite ends of the cell, producing the rod-like shape. The positioning of the growth zone(s) and the polarized growth require CLIP170-like protein Tip1 and the Ndr kinase Orb6, respectively. Here, we show that the mor2/cps12 mutation disrupts the localization of F-actin at the cell ends, producing spherical cells and concomitantly inducing a G(2) delay at 36degreesC. Mor2 is important for the localization of F-actin at the cell end(s) but not at the medial region, and is essential for the restriction of the growth zone(s) where Tip1 targets. Mor2 is homologous to the Drosophila Furry protein, which is required to maintain the integrity of cellular extensions, and is localized at both cell ends and the medial region of the cell in an actin-dependent fashion. Cellular localization of Mor2 and Orb6 was interdependent. The tyrosine kinase Wee1 is necessary for the G(2) delay and maintenance of viability of the mor2 mutant. These results indicate that Mor2 plays an essential role in cell morphogenesis in concert with Orb6, and the mutation activates the mechanism coordinating morphogenesis with cell cycle progression.

    DOI: 10.1093/emboj/cdf495

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  • Role of calcineurin and Mpk1 in regulating the onset of mitosis in budding yeast

    M Mizunuma, D Hirata, K Miyahara, E Tsuchiya, T Miyakawa

    NATURE   392 ( 6673 )   303 - 306   1998年3月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD  

    Signalling via calcium is probably involved in regulating eukaryotic cell proliferation, but details of its mechanism of action are unknown(1,2). In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the onset of mitosis is determined by activation of a complex of the p36(cdc2) protein kinase and a cyclin protein that is specific to the G2 phase of the cell cycle. This activation requires dephosphorylation of p34(cdc2) (ref. 3). Wee1, a tyrosine kinase that inhibits p34(cdc2) by phosphorylating it, is needed to determine the length of G2 phase, Here we show that calcium-activated pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae control the onset of mitosis by regulating Swe1, a Wee1 homologue. Zds1 (also known as Oss1 and Hst1) (refs 4-7) is important in repressing the transcription of SWE1 in G2 phase. In the presence of high calcium levels, cells lacking Zds1 are delayed in entering mitosis. Calcineurin(8-11) and Mpk1 (refs 12, 13) regulate Swe1 activation at the transcriptional and posttranslational levels, respectively, and both are required for the calcium-induced delay in G2 phase. These cellular pathways also induce a G2-phase delay In response to hypotonic shock.

    DOI: 10.1038/32695

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  • Essential role of tubulin-folding cofactor D in microtubule assembly and its association with microtubules in fission yeast

    D Hirata, H Masuda, M Eddison, T Toda

    EMBO JOURNAL   17 ( 3 )   658 - 666   1998年2月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:OXFORD UNIV PRESS  

    The main structural components of microtubules are alpha- and beta-tubulins, A group of proteins called cofactors are crucial in the formation of assembly-competent tubulin molecules in vitro, Whilst an in vitro role is emerging for these cofactors, their biological functions in vivo remain to be established, In order to understand the fundamental mechanisms that determine cell polarity, we have screened for fission yeast mutants with altered polarity, Here we show that alp1(+) encodes a homologue of cofactor D and executes a function essential for cell viability. A temperature-sensitive alp1 mutant shows a variety of defects including abnormal mitoses, loss of microtubule structures, displacement of the nucleus, altered growth polarity and asymmetrical cell division, Overexpression of Alp1 is lethal in wild-type cells, resulting in altered cell shape, but is rescued by co-overexpression of beta-tubulin, Alp1 colocalizes with microtubules, both interphase arrays and mitotic spindles, Furthermore, Alp1 binds to and co-sediments with taxol (paclitaxel)-stabilized porcine microtubules. Our results suggest that, in addition to a function in the folding of beta-tubulin, cofactor D may play a vital role in microtubule-dependent processes as a microtubule-associated protein.

    DOI: 10.1093/emboj/17.3.658

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  • 高品質清酒醸造のための酒造好適米品種「越淡麗」の精米・醸造特性 招待

    安澤義彦, 鍋倉義仁, 山下 進, 平田 大, 渡邊健一

    日本醸造協会誌   110 ( 3 )   120 - 125   2015年3月

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    記述言語:日本語   掲載種別:記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:日本醸造協会・日本醸造学会  

    近年,新潟県において大吟醸を代表とする高級酒に広く使用されている,酒造好適米品種「越淡麗(こしたんれい)」は,当初,五百万石の精米特性を改善し,さらに膨らみのある酒質となる醸造特性を持つように,山田錦と五百万石との交配により,新潟県で独自に開発された。越淡麗の特性解析については,これまで,精米歩合70%の精白米を用いた解析や総米120kg仕込みの醸造特性解析などに限定されており,高品質清酒醸造のための精米特性の把握や,高度精米過程での越淡麗と他の醸造用米(山田錦や五百万石)との比較調査は,不充分であった。そこで,今回,我々は,高品質清酒醸造(精米歩合50%以下の精白米を用いた)のための越淡麗の酒造適性を明確にするため,玄米から精米歩合30%に至る精米過程において,越淡麗の精米特性および醸造特性について,実験室用および工場規模の精米機を用いて,代表的酒造好適米2品種(山田錦と五百万石)との比較調査を実施した。さらに,高度精白米の吸水性や消化性の解析,醸造試験を行い,高品質清酒醸造のための越淡麗の優れた性質を把握・実証した。本稿では,越淡麗について,まず,開発の背景,普及の経緯など,新潟県の独自の取り組みを紹介し,次に,今回の我々の解析結果を解説,最後に,本品種のさらなる発展に向けた新潟県の現在の取り組みと今後の展望について論じたい。

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    その他リンク: http://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010891549

  • 1P-151 カプロン酸エチルを高生産する自然発生的セルレニン耐性清酒酵母の分離(醸造学,醸造工学,一般講演)

    田村 博康, 栗林 喬, 久米 一規, 五島 徹也, 中村 諒, 市川 絵梨, 渡邊 健一, 赤尾 健, 下飯 仁, 水沼 正樹, 平田 大

    日本生物工学会大会講演要旨集   67   126 - 126   2015年

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    記述言語:日本語   出版者・発行元:日本生物工学会  

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  • 出芽酵母の寿命研究の現状と展望 招待

    水沼正樹, 平田 大

    日本醸造協会誌   106 ( 12 )   794 - 800   2011年12月

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    記述言語:日本語   掲載種別:記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:日本醸造協会・日本醸造学会  

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  • DNA複製と細胞極性をつなぐ経路:癌細胞の異常な形を理解するヒント! 招待

    久米一規, 平田 大

    細胞工学   30 ( 8 )   854 - 855   2011年8月

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    記述言語:日本語   掲載種別:記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:秀潤社  

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  • 分裂酵母の2つのHippo関連経路のクロストーク 招待

    久米一規, 五島徹也, 平田 大

    実験医学   29 ( 3 )   445 - 448   2011年3月

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    記述言語:日本語   掲載種別:記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:羊土社  

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  • 分裂酵母の細胞形態形成 招待

    久米一規, 平田 大, 登田 隆

    酵母のすべて   243 - 248   2007年9月

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    記述言語:日本語   掲載種別:記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:丸善出版  

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  • ストレス応答性MAPキナーゼ経路とCa2+シグナル伝達 招待

    宮川都吉, 平田 大, 水沼正樹

    酵母のすべて   293 - 299   2007年9月

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    記述言語:日本語   掲載種別:記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:丸善出版  

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  • Effect of ethanol on cell growth of budding yeast: Genes that are important for cell growth in the presence of ethanol

    S Kubota, Takeo, I, K Kume, M Kanai, A Shitamukai, M Mizunuma, T Miyakawa, H Shimoi, H Iefuji, D Hirata

    BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY   68 ( 4 )   968 - 972   2004年4月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

    The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used in the fermentation of various kinds of alcoholic beverages. But the effect of ethanol on the cell growth of this yeast is poorly understood. This study shows that the addition of ethanol causes a cell-cycle delay associated with a transient dispersion of F-actin cytoskeleton, resulting in an increase in cell size. We found that the tyrosine kinase Swe1, the negative regulator of Cdc28-Clb kinase, is related to the regulation of cell growth in the presence of ethanol. Indeed, the increase in cell size due to ethanol was partially abolished in the SWE1-deleted cells, and the amount of Swe1 protein increased transiently in the presence of ethanol. These results indicated that Swe1 is involved in cell size control in the presence of ethanol, and that a signal produced by ethanol causes a transient up-regulation of Swe1. Further we investigated comprehensively the ethanol-sensitive strains in the complete set of 4847 non-essential gene deletions and identified at least 256 genes that are important for cell growth in the presence of ethanol.

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  • Effect of ethanol on cell growth of budding yeast: Genes that are important for cell growth in the presence of ethanol

    S Kubota, Takeo, I, K Kume, M Kanai, A Shitamukai, M Mizunuma, T Miyakawa, H Shimoi, H Iefuji, D Hirata

    BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY   68 ( 4 )   968 - 972   2004年4月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

    The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used in the fermentation of various kinds of alcoholic beverages. But the effect of ethanol on the cell growth of this yeast is poorly understood. This study shows that the addition of ethanol causes a cell-cycle delay associated with a transient dispersion of F-actin cytoskeleton, resulting in an increase in cell size. We found that the tyrosine kinase Swe1, the negative regulator of Cdc28-Clb kinase, is related to the regulation of cell growth in the presence of ethanol. Indeed, the increase in cell size due to ethanol was partially abolished in the SWE1-deleted cells, and the amount of Swe1 protein increased transiently in the presence of ethanol. These results indicated that Swe1 is involved in cell size control in the presence of ethanol, and that a signal produced by ethanol causes a transient up-regulation of Swe1. Further we investigated comprehensively the ethanol-sensitive strains in the complete set of 4847 non-essential gene deletions and identified at least 256 genes that are important for cell growth in the presence of ethanol.

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  • Evidence for antagonistic regulation of cell growth by the calcineurin and high osmolarity glycerol pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

    A Shitamukai, D Hirata, S Sonobe, T Miyakawa

    JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY   279 ( 5 )   3651 - 3661   2004年1月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC  

    Because Ca2+ signaling of budding yeast, through the activation of calcineurin and the Mpk1/Slt2 mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, performs redundant function(s) in the events essential for growth, the simultaneous deletion of both these pathways (Deltacnb1 Deltampk1) leads to lethality. A PTC4 cDNA that encodes a protein phosphatase belonging to the PP2C family was obtained as a high dosage suppressor of the lethality of Deltacnb1 Deltampk1 strain. Overexpression of PTC4 led to a decrease in the high osmolarity-induced Hog1 phosphorylation, and HOG1 deletion remarkably suppressed the synthetic lethality, indicating an antagonistic role of the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway and the Ca2+ signaling pathway in growth regulation. The calcineurin-Crz1 pathway was required for the down-regulation of the HOG pathway. Analysis of the time course of actin polarization, bud formation, and the onset of mitosis in synchronous cell cultures demonstrated that calcineurin negatively regulates actin polarization at the bud site, whereas the HOG pathway positively regulates bud formation at a later step after actin has polarized.

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  • 細胞形態形成と細胞周期とを連携制御するチェックポイント

    金井 宗良, 平田 大

    化学と生物   41 ( 10 )   651 - 656   2003年10月

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    記述言語:日本語   出版者・発行元:日本農芸化学会  

    DOI: 10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu1962.41.651

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  • A novel function of Saccharomyces cerevisiae PKC1 in the regulation of polarized bud growth.

    M Mizunuma, D Hirata, T Miyakawa

    YEAST   20   S262 - S262   2003年7月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究発表ペーパー・要旨(国際会議)   出版者・発行元:JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD  

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  • Mechanism of antagonistic growth regulation by the high-osmolarity glycerol pathway and Ca2+-signaling pathways in budding yeast.

    A Shitamukai, T Yamaguchi, D Hirata, T Miyakawa

    YEAST   20   S260 - S260   2003年7月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究発表ペーパー・要旨(国際会議)   出版者・発行元:JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD  

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  • 細胞のサイズを決める分子機構 招待

    須田雅子, 平田 大

    バイオサイエンスとインダストリー   61 ( 3 )   181 - 184   2003年3月

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    記述言語:日本語   掲載種別:記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:財・バイオサイエンスインダストリー協会  

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  • Identification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase as a target of the G(1)-specific inhibitor reveromycin A

    Y Miyamoto, K Machida, M Mizunuma, Y Emoto, N Sato, K Miyahara, D Hirata, T Usui, H Takahashi, H Osada, T Miyakawa

    JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY   277 ( 32 )   28810 - 28814   2002年8月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC  

    To dissect the action mechanism of reveromycin A (RM-A), a G(1)-specific inhibitor, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae dominant mutant specifically resistant to RM-A, was isolated from a strain in which the genes implicated in nonspecific multidrug resistance had been deleted. The mutant gene (YRR2-1) responsible for the resistance was identified as an allele of the ILS1 gene encoding tRNA(Ile) synthetase (MeRS). The activity of HeRS, but not several other aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases examined in wild type cell extract, was highly sensitive to RM-A (IC50 = 8 ng/ml). The IleRS activity of the YRR2-1 mutant was 4-fold more resistant to the inhibitor compared with that of wild type. The mutation IleRS(N660D), near the KMSKS consensus sequence commonly found in the class I aminoacyl transferases, was found to be responsible for RM-A resistance. Moreover, overexpression of the ILS1 gene from a high-copy plasmid conferred RM-A resistance. These results indicated that IleRS is a target of RM-A in vivo. A defect of the GCN2 gene led to decreased RM-A resistance. IleRS inhibition by RM-A led to transcriptional activation of the ILS1 gene via the Gcn2-Gcn4 general amino acid control pathway, and this autoregulation seemed to contribute to RM-A resistance.

    DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M203827200

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  • 2001年ノーベル医学生理学賞 細胞分裂制御の謎を解く-3人の細胞周期研究者 招待

    平田 大

    化学   57 ( 1 )   36 - 39   2002年1月

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    記述言語:日本語   掲載種別:記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:化学同人  

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  • 進化する酵母 -Fission Yeast 招待

    平田 大, 桐沢和恒, 須田雅子

    細胞工学   21 ( 1 )   25 - 30   2002年1月

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    記述言語:日本語   掲載種別:記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:秀潤社  

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  • The role of Pdr5 ABC transporter in regulating cellular calcium.

    AC Cunita, T Ohnishi, M Mizunuma, D Hirata, T Miyakawa

    YEAST   18   S269 - S269   2001年8月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究発表ペーパー・要旨(国際会議)   出版者・発行元:JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD  

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  • A positive screening for the drugs that suppresses Ca2+ signaling in yeast.

    N Sato, A Shitamukai, E Aihara, M Mizunuma, D Hirata, T Miyakawa

    YEAST   18   S298 - S298   2001年8月

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  • A novel function of Saccharomyces cerevisiae PKC1 in the regulation of G(2)/M transition.

    M Mizunuma, D Hirata, T Miyakawa

    YEAST   18   S155 - S155   2001年8月

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  • Antagonistic growth regulation by Hog1 and Ca2+ signaling pathway in budding yeast.

    A Shitamukai, D Hirata, SY Sonobe, T Miyakawa

    YEAST   18   S145 - S145   2001年8月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究発表ペーパー・要旨(国際会議)   出版者・発行元:JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD  

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  • Conserved Wat1/Pop3 WD-repeat protein of fission yeast secures genome stability through microtubule integrity and may be involved in mRNA maturation

    IL Ochotorena, D Hirata, K Kominami, J Potashkin, F Sahin, K Wentz-Hunter, KL Gould, K Sato, Y Yoshida, L Vardy, T Toda

    JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE   114 ( 16 )   2911 - 2920   2001年8月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD  

    Accurate chromosome segregation is dependent upon the integrity of mitotic spindles, which pull each pair of sister chromatids towards opposite poles. In this study, we have characterised fission yeast pop3-5235, a diploidising mutant that is impaired in genome stability. Pop3 is the same as Wat1, a conserved protein containing 7 WD repeats. Pop3/Wat1 has also been isolated from a two-hybrid screen as a binding partner to Prp2, the large subunit of the essential splicing factor U2AF. In wat1 mutants, the cellular amount of alpha -tubulin is decreased to very low levels, which results in compromised microtubules and spindles, consequently leading to unequal chromosome separation. Further analysis shows that, in spite of the binding between Wat1 and Prp2, Wat1 may not be involved directly in splicing reactions per se. Instead, we find that Wat1 is required for the maintenance of alpha -tubulin mRNA levels; moreover, transcript levels of genes other than the alpha -tubulin gene are also equally decreased in this mutant. Wild-type Wat1, but not the mutant protein, forms a large complex in the cell with several other proteins, suggesting that Wat1 functions as a structural linker in the complex. The results suggest that Wat1 plays a role in mRNA maturation as a coupling protein between splicing and synthesis and/or stabilisation.

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  • Fission yeast homologues of the Bユ subunit of protein phosphatase 2A: multiple roles in mitotic cell division and functional interaction with calcineurin.

    TANABE O, HIRATA D, USUI H, NISHITO Y, MIYAKAWA T, IGARASHI K, TAKEDA M

    Genes Cells   6 ( 5 )   455 - 473   2001年5月

  • 酵母を使った生理活性物質の新規スクリーニング法 招待

    平田 大, 下向敦範, 水沼正樹, 宮川都吉

    生物工学会誌   79 ( 3 )   79 - 79   2001年3月

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    記述言語:日本語   掲載種別:記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:日本生物工学会  

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  • GSK-3 kinase Mck1 and calcineurin coordinately mediate Hsl1 down-regulation by Ca2+ in budding yeast

    M Mizunuma, D Hirata, R Miyaoka, T Miyakawa

    EMBO JOURNAL   20 ( 5 )   1074 - 1085   2001年3月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:WILEY-BLACKWELL  

    The Ca2+-activated pathways of Saccharomyces cerevisiae induce a delay in the onset of mitosis through the activation of Swe1, a negative regulatory kinase that inhibits the Cdc28-Clb complex. Calcineurin and Mpk1 activate Swe1 at the transcriptional and post-translational level, respectively, and both pathways are essential for the cell cycle delay. Our genetic screening identified the MCK1 gene, which encodes a glycogen synthetase kinase-3 family protein kinase, as a component of the Ca2+ signaling pathway. Genetic analyses indicated that Mck1 functions downstream of the Mpk1 pathway and down-regulates Hsl1, an inhibitory kinase of Swe1, In medium with a high concentration of Ca2+, Hsl1 was delocalized from the bud neck and destabilized in a manner dependent on both calcineurin and Mck1, Calcineurin was required for the dephosphorylation of autophosphorylated Hsl1. The E3 ubiquitin ligase complex SCFCdc4, but not the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), was essential for Hsl1 destabilization. The Ca2+-activated pathway may play a role in the rapid inactivation of Hsl1 at the cell cycle stage(s) when APC activity is low.

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  • Fission yeast homologues of the Bユ subunit of protein phosphatase 2A: multiple roles in mitotic cell division and functional interaction with calcineurin.

    Genes Cells   6 ( 5 )   455 - 473   2001年

  • Regulation of Wee1 kinase in response to protein synthesis inhibition

    Masako Suda, Shinya Yamada, Takashi Toda, Tokichi Miyakawa, Dai Hirata

    FEBS Letters   486 ( 3 )   305 - 309   2000年12月

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    記述言語:英語  

    To investigate the mechanism coupling growth (protein synthesis) with cell division, we examined the relationship between the tyrosine kinase Wee1 that inhibits Cdc2-Cdc13 mitosis-inducing kinase by phosphorylating it, and protein synthesis inhibition in fission yeast. The wee1-50 mutant showed supersensitivity to protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide. Wee1 was essential for the G2 delay upon a partial inhibition of protein synthesis. Indeed, the protein synthesis inhibition caused an increase in the Wee1 protein by the Sty1/Spc1 MAPK-dependent transcriptional and the Sty1/Spc1 MAPK-independent post-transcriptional regulations. Further, the results indicated that the post-transcriptional regulation is important for the G2 delay. Copyright (C) 2000 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.

    DOI: 10.1016/S0014-5793(00)02299-7

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  • A positive screening for drugs that specifically inhibit the Ca2+-signaling activity on the basis of the growth promoting effect on a yeast mutant with a peculiar phenotype. 国際誌

    A Shitamukai, M Mizunuma, D Hirata, H Takahashi, T Miyakawa

    Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry   64 ( 9 )   1942 - 6   2000年9月

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    記述言語:英語  

    An inappropriate activation of a signaling pathway in yeast often has a deleterious physiological effect and causes various defects, including growth defects. In a certain genetic background (deltazds1) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the cell-cycle progression in G2 is specifically blocked in the medium with CaCl2 by the hyperactivation of the Ca2+-signaling pathways. Here, we developed a novel drug screening procedure designed to detect the active compounds that specifically attenuate the Ca2+-signaling activity on the basis of the ability to abrogate the growth defect of the cells suffering from the hyperactivated Ca2+ signal. Using known calcineurin inhibitors as model compounds, we have established the screening conditions for the drugs that suppress the Ca2+-induced growth inhibition. An indicator strain with an increased drug sensitivity was constructed with a syr1/erg3 null mutation.

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  • Ca2+シグナルによる細胞周期制御機構 招待

    水沼正樹, 平田 大, 宮川都吉

    実験医学   18 ( 7 )   10 - 15   2000年7月

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    記述言語:日本語   掲載種別:記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:羊土社  

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  • Regulation of Weel kinase in response to protein synthesis inhibition

    SUDA M.

    FEBS Lett.   486 ( 3 )   305 - 309   2000年

  • Involvement of thioredoxin peroxidase type II (Ahp1p) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Mn2+ homeostasis

    IC Farcasanu, D Hirata, E Tsuchiya, K Mizuta, T Miyakawa

    BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY   63 ( 11 )   1871 - 1881   1999年11月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

    To identify new proteins involved in Mn2+ homeostasis, we isolated Mn2+-resistant mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae starting from a calcineurin-deficient, Mn2+ hypersensitive strain (Delta cmp1 Delta cmp2). The mutations were found to lie in the PMR1 gene, known to encode a "P-type" Ca2+-ATPase that transports Ca2+ and Mn2+ from the cytosol to the Golgi apparatus. A second gene, AHP1, was cloned as a suppressor of the Mn2+ tolerance of a Delta cmp1 Delta cmp2 pmr1 mutant. Ahp1p was recently described as a thioredoxin peroxidase type II, an antioxidant protein with alkyl hydroperoxide defense properties in yeast. AHP1 disruption in strain W303 decreased tolerance to Mn2+ and H2O2. We found that a GFP-Ahp1p fusion construct was in the cytosol when cells were grown in glucose, and in the mitochondria when cells were grown in oleate. Based on Mn2+ transport data, we concluded that Ahp1p is involved in cellular Mn2+ homeostasis in trafficking of Mn2+ from cytosol to mitochondria and from cytosol for export across the plasma membrane.

    DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.1871

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  • Functional dissection and hierarchy of tubulin-folding cofactor homologues in fission yeast

    PA Radcliffe, D Hirata, L Vardy, T Toda

    MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL   10 ( 9 )   2987 - 3001   1999年9月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY  

    We describe the isolation of fission yeast homologues of tubulin-folding cofactors B (Alp11) and E (Alp21), which are essential for cell viability and the maintenance of microtubules. Alp11B contains the glycine-rich motif (the CLIP-170 domain) involved in microtubular functions, whereas, unlike mammalian cofactor E, Alp21(E) does not. both mammalian and yeast cofactor E, however, do contain leucine-rich repeats. Immunoprecipitation analysis shows that Alp11(B) interacts with both a-tubulin and Alp21(E), but not with the cofactor D homologue Alp1, whereas Alp21(E) also interacts with Alpl(D). The cellular amount of a-tubulin is decreased in both alp1 and alp(11) mutants. Overproduction of Alp11(B) results in cell lethality and the disappearance of microtubules, which is rescued by co-overproduction of alpha-tubulin. Both hull-length Alp11(B) and the C-terminal third containing the CLIP-170 domain localize in the cytoplasm, and this domain is required for efficient binding to alpha-tubulin. Deletion of alp11 is suppressed by multicopy plasmids containing either alp21(+) or alp(1+), whereas alp(21) deletion is rescued by overexpression of either alp11(+) or alp21(+). The alp1(+) but not alp11(+). Finally, the alp1 mutant is not complemented by either alp11(+) or alp21(+). The results suggest that cofactors operate in a linear pathway (Alp11(B)-Alp21(E)-Alp(D)), each with distinct roles.

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  • 酵母遺伝子破壊形質を利用する生理活性物質のポジチブスクリーニング 招待

    宮川都吉, 下向敦範, 平田 大, 高橋英俊

    生物工学会誌   77 ( 9 )   406 - 408   1999年9月

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    記述言語:日本語   掲載種別:記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:日本生物工学会  

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  • Functional dissection and hierarchy of tubulin-folding cofactor homologues in fission yeast

    PA Radcliffe, D Hirata, L Vardy, T Toda

    MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL   10 ( 9 )   2987 - 3001   1999年9月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY  

    We describe the isolation of fission yeast homologues of tubulin-folding cofactors B (Alp11) and E (Alp21), which are essential for cell viability and the maintenance of microtubules. Alp11B contains the glycine-rich motif (the CLIP-170 domain) involved in microtubular functions, whereas, unlike mammalian cofactor E, Alp21(E) does not. both mammalian and yeast cofactor E, however, do contain leucine-rich repeats. Immunoprecipitation analysis shows that Alp11(B) interacts with both a-tubulin and Alp21(E), but not with the cofactor D homologue Alp1, whereas Alp21(E) also interacts with Alpl(D). The cellular amount of a-tubulin is decreased in both alp1 and alp(11) mutants. Overproduction of Alp11(B) results in cell lethality and the disappearance of microtubules, which is rescued by co-overproduction of alpha-tubulin. Both hull-length Alp11(B) and the C-terminal third containing the CLIP-170 domain localize in the cytoplasm, and this domain is required for efficient binding to alpha-tubulin. Deletion of alp11 is suppressed by multicopy plasmids containing either alp21(+) or alp(1+), whereas alp(21) deletion is rescued by overexpression of either alp11(+) or alp21(+). The alp1(+) but not alp11(+). Finally, the alp1 mutant is not complemented by either alp11(+) or alp21(+). The results suggest that cofactors operate in a linear pathway (Alp11(B)-Alp21(E)-Alp(D)), each with distinct roles.

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  • Overproduction of elongation factor 1 alpha, an essential translational component, causes aberrant cell morphology by affecting the control of growth polarity in fission yeast

    M Suda, M Fukui, Y Sogabe, K Sato, A Morimatsu, R Arai, F Motegi, T Miyakawa, Mabuchi, I, D Hirata

    GENES TO CELLS   4 ( 9 )   517 - 527   1999年9月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:WILEY  

    Background: Elongation factor lo (EF1 alpha), an essential component of the eukaryotic translational machinery, has been shown to possess various biochemical and biological activities, including F-actin-binding and -bundling, microtubule-severing, and the activity of making fibroblasts highly susceptible to transformation. However, our understanding of the biological significance of EF1 alpha with respect to these various biochemical or biological activities remains Limited. Here we report the identification of EF1 alpha-encoding genes as genes whose over-expression causes aberrant cell morphology in fission yeast.
    Results: Overproduction of EF1 alpha caused aberrant cell morphology-elliptic, curved or branched-and growth defects in yeast cells at high temperatures. EF1 alpha-overproducing cells showed a supersensitivity to the actin inhibitor cytochalasin D and to the tubulin inhibitor thiabendazole. Genetic analyses using cdc mutants suggested that excess EF1 alpha disturbed the establishment and the maintenance of growth polarity in the G1 phase by preventing the localization of F-actin to the polarized growing site and the organization of microtubules. Results from DNase I column chromatography indicated that EF1 alpha was bound to G-actin. Indeed, the fission yeast actin was immunoprecipitated along with EF1 alpha. Moreover, the temperature sensitivity caused by the overproduction of EF1 alpha was restored by co-overproduction of actin.
    Conclusions: Fission yeast EF1 alpha has the ability to alter the cell morphology of yeast by affecting the control of actin and microtubule cytoskeletons.

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  • Ca^<2+>シグナルによる出芽酵母細胞周期G_2制御および制御ネットワーク

    宮川 都吉, 水沼 正樹, 宮岡 理恵, 園部 晋也, 平田 大

    日本農芸化学会誌   73   462 - 462   1999年3月

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  • Fission yeast alpha-glucan synthase Mok1 requires the actin cytoskeleton to localize the sites of growth and plays an essential role in cell morphogenesis downstream of protein kinase C function

    S Katayama, D Hirata, M Arellano, P Perez, T Toda

    JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY   144 ( 6 )   1173 - 1186   1999年3月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS  

    In fission yeast protein kinase C homologues (Pck1 and Pck2) are essential for cell morphogenesis. We have isolated mok1(+) in a genetic screen to identify downstream effecters for Pck1/2. mok1(+) is essential for viability and encodes a protein that has several membrane-spanning domains and regions homologous to glucan metabolic enzymes. mok1 mutant shows abnormal cell shape, randomization of F-actin and weak cell wall. Biochemical analysis shows that Mok1 appears to have a-glucan synthase activity. Mok1 localization undergoes dramatic alteration during the cell cycle. It localizes to the growing tips in interphase, the medial ring upon mitosis, a double ring before and dense dot during cytokinesis. Double immunofluorescence staining shows that Mok1 exists in close proximity to actin. The subcellular localization of Mok1 is dependent upon the integrity of the F-actin cytoskeleton. Conversely, overexpression of mok1(+) blocks the translocation of cortical actin from one end of the cell to the other. pck2 mutant is synthetically lethal with mok1 mutant, delocalizes Mok1 and shows a lower level of alpha-glucan. These results indicate that Mok1 plays a crucial role in cell morphogenesis interdependently of the actin cytoskeleton and works as one of downstream effecters for Pck1/2.

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  • Fission yeast alpha-glucan synthase Mok1 requires the actin cytoskeleton to localize the sites of growth and plays an essential role in cell morphogenesis downstream of protein kinase C function

    S Katayama, D Hirata, M Arellano, P Perez, T Toda

    JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY   144 ( 6 )   1173 - 1186   1999年3月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS  

    In fission yeast protein kinase C homologues (Pck1 and Pck2) are essential for cell morphogenesis. We have isolated mok1(+) in a genetic screen to identify downstream effecters for Pck1/2. mok1(+) is essential for viability and encodes a protein that has several membrane-spanning domains and regions homologous to glucan metabolic enzymes. mok1 mutant shows abnormal cell shape, randomization of F-actin and weak cell wall. Biochemical analysis shows that Mok1 appears to have a-glucan synthase activity. Mok1 localization undergoes dramatic alteration during the cell cycle. It localizes to the growing tips in interphase, the medial ring upon mitosis, a double ring before and dense dot during cytokinesis. Double immunofluorescence staining shows that Mok1 exists in close proximity to actin. The subcellular localization of Mok1 is dependent upon the integrity of the F-actin cytoskeleton. Conversely, overexpression of mok1(+) blocks the translocation of cortical actin from one end of the cell to the other. pck2 mutant is synthetically lethal with mok1 mutant, delocalizes Mok1 and shows a lower level of alpha-glucan. These results indicate that Mok1 plays a crucial role in cell morphogenesis interdependently of the actin cytoskeleton and works as one of downstream effecters for Pck1/2.

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  • 新規の細胞周期チェックポイント制御とMAPキナーゼ 招待

    平田 大, 水沼正樹, 宮川都吉

    実験医学   17 ( 2 )   124 - 129   1999年2月

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    記述言語:日本語   掲載種別:記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:羊土社  

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  • Functional analysis of the promoter of the yeast SNQ2 gene encoding a multidrug resistance transporter that confers the resistance to 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide

    ZF Cui, D Hirata, T Miyakawa

    BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY   63 ( 1 )   162 - 167   1999年1月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

    The yeast gene SNQ2, which encodes a multidrug resistance ABC superfamily protein, is required for resistance to the mutagen 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide (4-NQO). The expression of the SNQ2 gene is under the control of a regulatory network that involves the transcription factor Yrr1p, as well as Pdr1p/Pdr3p (Cui et al., Mel. Microbiol., 29, 1307-1315 (1998)). By 5'-deletion analysis of the promoter by using SNQ2-lacZ fusion constructs, four regions: -745 to -639 (region I), -639 to -578 (region II), -548 to -533 (region III) and -533 to -485 (region IV) were found to be important for SNQ2 expression. Genetic analysis suggested that the site in region IV was responsible for the Yrr1p-mediated SNQ2 expression. A consensus motif known for the binding of Pdr1p/Pdr3p (PDRE) was not found in region IV.

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  • 酵母の細胞増殖に必須な機能分子に関する研究

    日本農芸化学会   73 ( 9 )   887 - 892   1999年

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  • Control of cell cycle progression by calcium-slgnaling pathways in budding yeast :

    HIRATA Dai, MIZUNUMA Masaki, MIYAKAWA Tokichi

    Journal of radiation research   40 ( 4 )   356 - 356   1999年

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:the Japan Radiation Research Society  

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    その他リンク: https://projects.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_uri&item_id=235685

  • Ca^<2+>シグナルによる出芽酵母の細胞周期制御

    平田 大, 水沼 正樹, 宮川 都吉

    日本分子生物学会年会プログラム・講演要旨集   21   181 - 181   1998年12月

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  • 出芽酵母zds1破壊株の異常極性成長を抑圧する変異株の解析

    水沼 正樹, 平田 大, 宮岡 理恵, 大西 智子, 宮川 都吉

    日本分子生物学会年会プログラム・講演要旨集   21   502 - 502   1998年12月

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  • 分裂酵母において過剰発現により成長極性の確立・維持に異常を引き起こす遺伝子EF1α

    須田 雅子, 福井 美紀子, 佐藤 和仁, 曽我部 友紀, 宮川 都吉, 平田 大

    日本分子生物学会年会プログラム・講演要旨集   21   502 - 502   1998年12月

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  • Calcineurin, Mpk1MAPK両経路が機能する細胞周期制御系へのHog1MAPK経路の関与

    園部 晋也, 平田 大, 岡本 美智代, 宮川 都吉

    日本分子生物学会年会プログラム・講演要旨集   21   552 - 552   1998年12月

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  • Calcineurin, Mpk1MAPK二重破壊株の合成致死性を過剰発現により抑圧するDSL遺伝子の取得と解析

    岡本 美智代, 平田 大, 園部 晋也, 宮川 都吉

    日本分子生物学会年会プログラム・講演要旨集   21   552 - 552   1998年12月

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  • アクチン、チューブリンと細胞周期チェックポイント 招待

    平田 大, 登田 隆

    細胞工学   17 ( 12 )   1897 - 1905   1998年12月

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    記述言語:日本語   掲載種別:記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:秀潤社  

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  • Involvement of histidine permease (Hip1p) in manganese transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

    IC Farcasanu, M Mizunuma, D Hirata, T Miyakawa

    MOLECULAR AND GENERAL GENETICS   259 ( 5 )   541 - 548   1998年9月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:SPRINGER  

    In a search for components involved in Mn2+ homeostasis in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we isolated a mutant with modifications in Mn2+ transport. The mutation was found to be located in HIP1, a gene known to encode a high-affinity permease for histidine. The mutation, designated hip1-272, caused a frameshift that resulted in a stop codon at position 816 of the 1812-bp ORF. This mutation led to Mn2+ resistance, whereas the corresponding null mutation did not. Both hip1-272 cells and the null mutant exhibited low tolerance to divalent cations such as Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+. The Mn2+ phenotype was not influenced by supplementary histidine in either mutant, whereas the sensitivity to other divalent cations was alleviated by the addition of histidine. The cellular Mn2+ content of the hip1-272 mutant was lower than that of wild type of null mutant, due to increase rates of Mn2+ efflux. We propose that Hip1p is involved in Mn2+ transport, carrying out a function related to Mn2+ export.

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  • Yeast gene YRR1, which is required for resistance to 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide, mediates transcriptional activation of the multidrug resistance transporter gene SNQ2

    Z Cui, T Shiraki, D Hirata, T Miyakawa

    MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY   29 ( 5 )   1307 - 1315   1998年9月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD  

    We have cloned and characterized a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene YRR1 that is important for resistance to the mutagen 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide (4-NQO). The wild-type YRR1 gene encodes a protein that contains a Zn(II)(2)Cys(6)-type zinc-finger motif. Disruption of the YRR1 gene leads to hypersensitivity to 4-NQO. A dominant mutation (YRR1-1) that confers strong resistance to 4-NQO has been identified. Epistasis analysis demonstrated that 4-NQO resistances mediated by the YRR1 and YRR1-1 alleles require the presence of the SNQ2 gene that encodes a multidrug resistance ATP binding cassette superfamily protein responsible for 4-NQO export. Northern blot analysis of SNQ2 mRNA levels indicated that Yrr1p is involved in basal and drug-induced transcriptional activation of SNQ2, whereas Pdr1p/Pdr3p transcription factors are mainly involved in basal SNQ2 expression. In the YRR1-1 mutant, the level of SNQ2 mRNA is constitutively elevated. These results establish that Yrr1p is important for 4-NQO resistance by mediating transcriptional activation of the SNQ2 gene in response to the stress imposed by 4-NQO. The gain-of-function mutation of Yrr1-1p was attributable to the duplication of a 12-amino-acid sequence generated near the carboxy terminus.

    DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.01027.x

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  • Identification of novel temperature-sensitive lethal alleles in essential beta-tubulin and nonessential alpha 2-tubulin genes as fission yeast polarity mutants

    P Radcliffe, D Hirata, D Childs, L Vardy, T Toda

    MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL   9 ( 7 )   1757 - 1771   1998年7月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY  

    We have screened for temperature-sensitive (ts) fission yeast mutants with altered polarity (alp1-15). Genetic analysis indicates that alp2 is allelic to atb2 (one of two alpha-tubulin genes) and alp12 to nda3 (the single beta-tubulin gene), atb2(+) is nonessential, and the ts atb2 mutations we have isolated are dominant as expected. We sequenced two alleles of ts atb2 and one allele of ts nda3. In the ts atb2 mutants, the mutated residues (G246D and C356Y) are found at the longitudinal interface between alpha/beta-heterodimers, whereas in ts nda3 the mutated residue (Y422H) is situated in the domain located on the outer surface of the microtubule. The ts nda3 mutant is highly sensitive to altered gene dosage of atb2(+); overexpression of atb2(+) lowers the restrictive temperature, and, conversely, deletion rescues ts. Phenotypic analysis shows that contrary to undergoing mitotic arrest with high viability via the spindle assembly checkpoint as expected, ts nda3 mutants execute cytokinesis and septation and lose viability. Therefore, it appears that the ts nda3 mutant becomes temperature lethal because of irreversible progression through the cell cycle in the absence of activating the spindle assembly checkpoint pathway.

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  • Functional interaction of Isr1, a predicted protein kinase, with the Pkc1 pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

    K Miyahara, D Hirata, T Miyakawa

    BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY   62 ( 7 )   1376 - 1380   1998年7月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

    Staurosporine is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C. To identify the genes that functionally interact with the Pkc1 pathway of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we screened for the genes that cause induced staurosporine sensitivity when overexpressed from a galactose-inducible promoter. The novel gene ISR1 encodes a predicted protein kinase with the highest sequence similarity to mammalian Raf in the kinase domain. Drug sensitivity induced by ISR1 overexpression is specific to staurosporine. Although ISR1 disruption causes no obvious phenotype, it does exacerbate the phenotypes of a temperature-sensitive allele (stt1-1) of PKC1, but not of the mpk1 and bck1 mutants of the Mpk1 MAP kinase pathway. These results suggest that Isr1 functions in an event important for growth in a manner redundant with a Mpk1-independent branch of the Pkc1 signalling pathways.

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  • 酵母における細胞形態形成機構の分子生物学的解析 招待

    平田 大

    日本農芸化学会誌   72 ( 6 )   772 - 773   1998年6月

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    記述言語:日本語   掲載種別:記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:日本農芸化学会  

    DOI: 10.1271/nogeikagaku1924.72.772

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  • Genes that cause aberrant cell morphology by overexpression in fission yeast: a role of a small GTP-binding protein Rho2 in cell morphogenesis

    D Hirata, K Nakano, M Fukui, H Takenaka, T Miyakawa, Mabuchi, I

    JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE   111   149 - 159   1998年1月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD  

    To identify the genes involved in cell morphogenesis in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we screened for the genes that cause aberrant cell morphology by overexpression, The isolated genes were classified on the basis of morphology conferred, One of the genes causing a rounded morphology was identified as the rho2(+) gene encoding a small GTP-binding protein. The overexpression of rho2(+) resulted in a randomized distribution of cortical F-actin and formation of a thick cell wall. Analyses using cdc mutants suggested that the overexpression of rho2(+) prevents the establishment of growth polarity in G(1). The rho2(+) gene was not essential, but among cells deleted for rho2(+), those with an irregular shape were observed, The disruptant also showed a defect in cell wall integrity, An HA-Rho2 expressed in the cell was suggested to be present as a membrane-bound form by a cell fractionation experiment. A GFP-Rho2 was localized at the growing end(s) of the cell and the septation site, The localization of GFP-Rho2 during interphase was partially dependent on sts5(+), These results indicate that Rho2 is involved in cell morphogenesis, control of cell wall integrity, control of growth polarity, and maintenance of growth direction, Analysis of functional overlapping between Rho2 and Rho1 revealed that their functions are distinct from each other, with partial overlapping.

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  • Genes that cause aberrant cell morphology by overexpression in fission yeast: A role of a small GTP-binding protein Rho2 in cell morphogenesis

    Dai Hirata, Kentaro Nakano, Mikiko Fukui, Hiroshi Takenaka, Tokichi Miyakawa, Issei Mabuchi

    Journal of Cell Science   111 ( 2 )   149 - 159   1998年

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    記述言語:英語  

    To identify the genes involved in cell morphogenesis in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we screened for the genes that cause aberrant cell morphology by overexpression. The isolated genes were classified on the basis of morphology conferred. One of the genes causing a rounded morphology was identified as the rho2+ gene encoding a small GTP-binding protein. The overexpression of rho2+ resulted in a randomized distribution of cortical F-actin and formation of a thick cell wall. Analyses using cdc mutants suggested that the overexpression of rho2+ prevents the establishment of growth polarity in G1. The rho2+ gene was not essential, but among cells deleted for rho2+, those with an irregular shape were observed. The disruptant also showed a defect in cell wall integrity. An HA-Rho2 expressed in the cell was suggested to be present as a membrane-bound form by a cell fractionation experiment. A GFP-Rho2 was localized at the growing end(s) of the cell and the septation site. The localization of GFP-Rho2 during interphase was partially dependent on sts5+. These results indicate that Rho2 is involved in cell morphogenesis, control of cell wall integrity, control of growth polarity, and maintenance of growth direction. Analysis of functional overlapping between Rho2 and Rho1 revealed that their functions are distinct from each other, with partial overlapping.

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  • Yeast gene YRR1, which is required for resistance to 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide, mediates transcriptional activation of the multidrug resistance transporter gene SNQ2.

    Mol. Microbiol.   29 ( 5 )   1307 - 1315   1998年

  • Functional interaction of isr1, a predicted protein kinase, with the pkc1 pathway in saccharomyces cerevisiae

    Kohji Miyahara, Dai Hirata, Tokichi Miyakawa

    Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry   62 ( 7 )   1376 - 1380   1998年

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    記述言語:英語  

    Staurosporine is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C. To identify the genes that functionally interact with the Pkc1 pathway of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we screened for the genes that cause induced staurosporine sensitivity when overexpressed from a galactose-inducible promoter. The novel gene ISR1 encodes a predicted protein kinase with the highest sequence similarity to mammalian Raf in the kinase domain. Drug sensitivity induced by ISR1 overexpression is specific to staurosporine. Although ISR1 disruption causes no obvious phenotype, it does exacerbate the phenotypes of a temperature-sensitive allele (stt1-1) of PKC1, but not of the mpk1 and bck1 mutants of the Mpk1 MAP kinase pathway. These results suggest that Isr1 functions in an event important for growth in a manner redundant with a Mpk1-independent branch of the Pkc1 signalling pathways. © 1998, Taylor &amp
    Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.

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  • Yeast Crv4/Ttp1, a predicted type II membrane protein, is involved in an event important for growth, functionally overlapping with the event regulated by calcineurin- and Mpk1-mediated pathways

    T Nakamura, T Ohmoto, D Hirata, E Tsuchiya, T Miyakawa

    MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS   256 ( 5 )   481 - 487   1997年11月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:SPRINGER VERLAG  

    The Saccharomyces cerevisiae crv mutants (crv1, 2, 3 and 4) exhibit phenotypes, such as calcium resistance and vanadate sensitivity, which are apparently similar to those of calcineurin-deficient mutants. We have cloned and characterized the CRV4 gene that complements all the phenotypes of the crv4 mutant. DNA sequencing revealed that CRV4 is identical to the previously cloned gene TTP1, which encodes a type II membrane protein of unknown function. Deletion of CRV4/TTP1 causes no obvious phenotype except for Ca2+ resistance and vanadate sensitivity, but is synthetically lethal in combination with a deletion of MPK1, In a manner which is suppressible by the addition of an osmotic stabilizer. In medium containing sorbitol as an osmotic stabilizer, the cnb1 mpk1 ttp1 triple mutant exhibits a more severe growth defect than does any of the double mutants cnb1 ttp1, cnb1 mpk1 or mpk1 ttp1. A high Ca2+ concentration (50 mM) or a constitutively active form of calcineurin partially suppresses the growth defect of the mpk1 ttp1 double mutant. These results indicate that Ttp1 participates in a cellular event essential for growth and morphogenesis, in parallel with the pathways involving Mpk1 MAP kinase and calcineurin.

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  • Mutational analysis of Yap1 protein, an AP-1-like transcriptional activator of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

    T Takeuchi, K Miyahara, D Hirata, T Miyakawa

    FEBS LETTERS   416 ( 3 )   339 - 343   1997年10月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

    To define the essential amino acid residues of Yap1 in stress response, we generated yap1 mutations by in vitro mutagenesis, which cause defects in mediating resistance to the stress of H2O2, hut not of CdCl2. Sequence analysis of the mutant yap1 genes revealed three point mutations and two truncation mutations near the carboxy-terminus. The truncation mutations resulted in hyperresistance to cadmium, Northern blot analysis of stress-induced levels of TRX2 and GSH1 mRNAs indicated that the ability of the mutant Yap1 protein to induce transcriptional activation of target genes correlates well with its ability to confer stress resistance, The carboxy-terminal domain of Yap1 appears to act negatively in cadmium resistance. (C) 1997 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.

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  • Mutational analysis of Yap1 protein, an AP-1-like transcriptional activator of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

    T Takeuchi, K Miyahara, D Hirata, T Miyakawa

    FEBS LETTERS   416 ( 3 )   339 - 343   1997年10月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

    To define the essential amino acid residues of Yap1 in stress response, we generated yap1 mutations by in vitro mutagenesis, which cause defects in mediating resistance to the stress of H2O2, hut not of CdCl2. Sequence analysis of the mutant yap1 genes revealed three point mutations and two truncation mutations near the carboxy-terminus. The truncation mutations resulted in hyperresistance to cadmium, Northern blot analysis of stress-induced levels of TRX2 and GSH1 mRNAs indicated that the ability of the mutant Yap1 protein to induce transcriptional activation of target genes correlates well with its ability to confer stress resistance, The carboxy-terminal domain of Yap1 appears to act negatively in cadmium resistance. (C) 1997 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.

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  • Multidrug resistance ABC transporter of yeast

    T Miyakawa, D Hirata, K Miyahara

    NIPPON NOGEIKAGAKU KAISHI-JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY FOR BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND AGROCHEMISTRY   71 ( 8 )   808 - 811   1997年8月

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    記述言語:日本語   掲載種別:書評論文,書評,文献紹介等   出版者・発行元:JAPAN SOC BIOSCI BIOTECHN AGROCHEM  

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  • 出芽酵母の多剤耐性ABCトランスポーター 招待

    宮川都吉, 平田 大, 宮原浩二

    日本農芸化学会誌   71 ( 8 )   808 - 811   1997年8月

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    記述言語:日本語   掲載種別:記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:日本農芸化学会  

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  • Yeast Crv4/Ttp1, a predicted type II membrane protein, is involved in an event important for growth, functionally overlapping with the event regulated by calcineurin- and Mpk1- mediated pathways.

    Mol. Gen. Genet.   256 ( 5 )   481 - 487   1997年

  • 細胞形態形成 招待

    平田 大, 登田 隆

    蛋白質核酸酵素   41 ( 12 )   1927 - 1935   1996年12月

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    記述言語:日本語   掲載種別:記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:共立出版  

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  • The involvement of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae multidrug resistance transporters Pdr5p and Snq2p in cation resistance

    K Miyahara, M Mizunuma, D Hirata, E Tsuchiya, T Miyakawa

    FEBS LETTERS   399 ( 3 )   317 - 320   1996年12月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

    The ATP-binding cassette superfamily proteins Pdr5p and Snq2p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are implicated in multidrug resistance. Here, we show that these transporters are also involved in cation resistance. Null mutants of PDR5 and SNQ2 genes exhibit increased sensitivity to NaCl, LiCl and MnCl2. The mutant cells grown in the presence of high concentrations of these metal salts contain higher levels of the metals than wild-type cells. The expression of PDR5 and SNQ2 is induced by the metal salts. These results provide evidence that the yeast drug transporters contribute to cation resistance by regulating cellular cation homeostasis under ionic stress conditions.

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  • 酵母における非対称性の制御機構 招待

    平田 大, 登田 隆

    細胞工学   15 ( 12 )   1698 - 1704   1996年12月

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    記述言語:日本語   掲載種別:記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:秀潤社  

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  • 酵母のカルシニューリン情報伝達 招待

    平田 大, 中村太郎, 宮川都吉

    蛋白質核酸酵素   41 ( 12 )   1695 - 1703   1996年12月

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  • Microtubules mediate mitochondrial distribution in fission yeast

    MP Yaffe, D Harata, F Verde, M Eddison, T Toda, P Nurse

    PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA   93 ( 21 )   11664 - 11668   1996年10月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:NATL ACAD SCIENCES  

    The Schizosaccharomyces pombe mutant, ban5-4, displays aberrant mitochondrial distribution. Incubation of this conditional-lethal mutant at the nonpermissive temperature led to aggregated mitochondria that were distributed asymmetrically within the cell. Development of this mitochondrial asymmetry but not mitochondrial aggregation required progression through the cell division cycle. Genetic analysis revealed that ban5-4 is an allele of atb2 encoding alpha 2-tubulin. Consistent with this finding, cells with the cold-sensitive nda3 mutation in beta-tubulin displayed aggregated and asymmetrically distributed mitochondria after incubation at lowered temperatures. These results indicate that microtubules mediate mitochondrial distribution in fission yeast and provide the first genetic evidence for the role of microtubules in mitochondrial movement.

    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.21.11664

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  • The fission yeast sts5(+) gene is required for maintenance of growth polarity and functionally interacts with protein kinase C and an osmosensing MAP-kinase pathway

    T Toda, H Niwa, T Nemoto, S Dhut, M Eddison, T Matsusaka, M Yanagida, D Hirata

    JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE   109   2331 - 2342   1996年9月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD  

    Cell morphogenesis is a fundamental phenomenon that involves understanding a number of biological processes including the developmental program, polarity and cell division, Fission yeast sts5 mutant cells are round rather than cylindrical with cortical actin randomly dispersed, Genetic analyses demonstrate that the sts5(+) gene is required for maintenance of cell shape during interphase when the cell normally exhibits polarised growth, The sts5 mutant is not defective in cell wall integrity, Deletion of ppe1(+), which encodes a type 2A-like protein phosphatase, shows similar phenotypes to the sts5 mutant and these two mutations are synthetically lethal, Multicopy plasmids containing either the protein kinase C-like gene pck1(+) or the protein tyrosine phosphatase pyp1(+), an inhibitor of an osmosensing Sty1/Spc1 MAP-kinase, are capable of suppressing the sts5 mutation, Consistent with this, we have found that the wis1 mutation, which is defective in a MAP-kinase kinase of the pathway, suppresses the sts5 mutation, The predicted sts5(+) gene product exhibits sequence similarity to two yeast proteins, Dis3 and Ssd1 and a nematode protein, F46E8.6, where the former two yeast proteins have been shown to be involved in cell cycle control and cell morphogenesis, The sts5(+) gene is not essential for cell viability, but is absolutely required for polarised growth as the gene disruption showed the same phenotypes as those of the original mutants, Overexpression of the sts5(+) gene resulted in altered cell morphology and, cortical actin in these overproducing cells was also abnormal, fainter and often dispersed, Anti-Sts5 antibody specifically detected a 130 kDa protein by western blotting, A green fluorescent protein-Sts5 fusion protein localised in the cytoplasm with a discrete punctate pattern, suggesting that the Sts5 protein is a component of a novel structure, These results have indicated that the Sts5 protein is a crucial determinant of polarised growth and that it functionally interacts with the serine/threonine phosphatase, protein kinase C, and an osmosensing MAP-kinase to maintain cell morphology.

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  • 出芽酵母の転写活性化因子yAP-1を介する情報伝達系の解析

    竹内 倫徳, 宮原 浩二, 平田 大, 宮川 都吉

    日本分子生物学会年会プログラム・講演要旨集   19   450 - 450   1996年8月

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  • 酵母における必須元素マンガンのホメオスタシス制御機構

    水沼 正樹, FARCASANU Ileana c., 平田 大, 土屋 英子, 宮川 都吉

    日本分子生物学会年会プログラム・講演要旨集   19   275 - 275   1996年8月

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  • 広範な有機アニオンの耐性に関与する出芽酵母のMRP様ABCトランスポーターYrs1とその転写制御因子Yrr1

    崔 志峰, 江本 勇治, 平田 大, 土屋 英子, 高橋 英俊, 長田 裕之, 宮川 都吉

    日本分子生物学会年会プログラム・講演要旨集   19   275 - 275   1996年8月

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  • 出芽酵母のG2期調節遺伝子NPS1の構造と機能

    細谷 智規, 平田 大, 土屋 英子, 宮川 都吉

    日本分子生物学会年会プログラム・講演要旨集   19   805 - 805   1996年8月

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  • 出芽酵母のG2期調節遺伝子NPS1の減数分裂における発現とその調節

    湯川 格史, 平田 大, 土屋 英子, 宮川 都吉

    日本分子生物学会年会プログラム・講演要旨集   19   647 - 647   1996年8月

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  • The multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) subfamily (Yrs1/Yor1) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is important for the tolerance to a broad range of organic anions

    ZF Cui, D Hirata, E Tsuchiya, H Osada, T Miyakawa

    JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY   271 ( 25 )   14712 - 14716   1996年6月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC  

    We have cloned and characterized a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene YRS1 that complements the phenotype of the mutant sensitive to the anionic drug reveromycin A, The YRS1 gene, which is identical to the recently identified YOR1 gene, encodes a protein with extensive homology to the human multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) and the yeast cadmium factor (Ycf1), A chromosomal deletion of YRS1 lead to viable Delta yrs1 cells, which exhibited hypersensitivity to reveromycin A. Elevation of the YRS1 gene dosage in wild type cells conferred increased resistance to reveromycin A, By analyzing the effect of YRS1 disruption and overexpression it was demonstrated that Yrs1 is involved in the detoxification of a wide range of the organic anions that con tain carboxyl group(s) but none of the other type of toxic compounds examined, Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis indicated the increased accumulation of the anionic fluorescent compound rhodamine B in Delta yrs1 cells, The expression of YRS1 was induced strikingly by reveromycin A. These results suggest that Yrs1 is a multispecific organic anion transporter important for tolerance against toxic environmental organic anions, Yrs1 had an overlapping specificity with Ycf1 in the resistance to cadmium.

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  • Genetic evidence for the functional redundancy of the calcineurin and Mpk1-mediated pathways in the regulation of cellular events important for growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

    T Nakamura, T Ohmoto, D Hirata, E Tsuchiya, T Miyakawa

    MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS   251 ( 2 )   211 - 219   1996年5月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:SPRINGER VERLAG  

    Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants which exhibit phenotypes (calcium resistance and vanadate sensitivity) similar to those of calcineurin-deficient mutants were isolated. The mutants were classified into four complementation groups (crv1,2,3 and 4). crv1 was allelic to cnb1, a mutation in the regulatory subunit of calcineurin. The nucleotide sequences of CRV2 and CRV3 genes which complemented the crv2 and crv3 mutations, respectively, are identical to those of BCK1/SLK1/SKC1/SSP31 and MPK1/SLT2, respectively, which are both involved in the MAP kinase cascade. A calcineurin-deletion mutation (Delta cnb1), which by itself has no detectable effect on growth and morphology, enhanced some phenotypes (slow growth and morphological abnormality) of crv2 and crv3 mutants. These phenotypes of crv2 and crv3 mutants were partially suppressed by Ca2+ or by overproduction of the calcineurin subunits (Cmp2 and Cnb1). Like the calcineurin-deficient mutant, crv2 and crv3 mutants were defective in recovery from alpha-factor-induced growth arrest. The defect in recovery of the Delta cnb1 mutant was suppressed by overexpression of MPK1. These results indicated that the calcineurin-mediated and the Mpk1- (Bck1-) mediated signaling pathways act in parallel to regulate functionally redundant cellular events important for growth.

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  • 酵母の多剤耐性遺伝子のYDRIの薬剤特異性に関する変異の解析 : 微生物

    見越 淳, 宮原 浩二, 平田 大, 宮川 都吉

    日本農藝化學會誌   70   111 - 111   1996年3月

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    記述言語:日本語   出版者・発行元:社団法人日本農芸化学会  

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  • Calcineurin-mediated signalling important for adaptation to stress conditions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae : Signal transduction and cell cycle : (S-9)

    Miyakawa Tokichi, Hirata Dai, Nakamura Taro, Farcasanu Ileana

    日本農藝化學會誌   70   383 - 383   1996年3月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:社団法人日本農芸化学会  

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  • リベロマイシン耐性に関与する転写因子をコードする酵母遺伝子YRR1 : 微生物

    江本 勇治, 白木 利幸, 平田 大, 土屋 英子, 高橋 英俊, 長田 裕之, 宮川 都吉

    日本農藝化學會誌   70   270 - 270   1996年3月

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  • 酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiaeのカルシニユーリンを介する情報伝達系の解析 : 細胞内Na^+濃度制御系を中心として : 微生物

    中村 太郎, 山口 裕司, 平田 大, 土屋 英子, 宮川 都吉

    日本農藝化學會誌   70   269 - 269   1996年3月

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  • NPS1pと酵母の新しい多機能蛋白NPS2pの相互作用の解析 : 微生物

    湯川 格史, 平田 大, 土屋 英子, 宮川 都吉

    日本農藝化學會誌   70   269 - 269   1996年3月

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  • 多様な有機アニオンの毒性緩和に必要な酵母のABCトランスポーターYrs1 : 微生物

    崔 志峰, 平田 大, 土屋 英子, 高橋 英俊, 長田 裕之, 宮川 都吉

    日本農藝化學會誌   70   270 - 270   1996年3月

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    記述言語:日本語   出版者・発行元:社団法人日本農芸化学会  

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  • 酵母における必須微量重金属マンガンの細胞内ホメオスタシス維持機構の解析 : 微生物

    水沼 正樹, Farasanu Ileana C., 中村 太郎, 平田 大, 土屋 英子, 宮川 都吉

    日本農藝化學會誌   70   270 - 270   1996年3月

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  • AP-1ホモログyAP1, yAP2の関与するYDRI転写誘導機構の解析 : 微生物

    宮原 浩二, 平田 大, 宮川 都吉

    日本農藝化學會誌   70   112 - 112   1996年3月

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    記述言語:日本語   出版者・発行元:社団法人日本農芸化学会  

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  • 出芽酵母AP-1様転写因子YAP1, YAP2が関与する情報伝達系 : 微生物

    竹内 倫徳, 平田 大, 宮川 都吉

    日本農藝化學會誌   70   105 - 105   1996年3月

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  • 酵母のG2期調節遺伝子NPS1の減数分裂における機能の解析 : 微生物

    加藤 聰子, 細谷 智規, 土屋 英子, 平田 大, 宮川 都吉

    日本農藝化學會誌   70   132 - 132   1996年3月

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  • 酵母の多機能な核蛋白をコードするNPS2は胞子形成に必須な遺伝子である : 微生物

    土屋 英子, 平田 大, 宮川 都吉

    日本農藝化學會誌   70   132 - 132   1996年3月

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  • yAP-1- and yAP-2-mediated, heat shock-induced transcriptional activation of the multidrug resistance ABC transporter genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

    K Miyahara, D Hirata, T Miyakawa

    CURRENT GENETICS   29 ( 2 )   103 - 105   1996年1月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:SPRINGER VERLAG  

    We have examined whether the stress-induced transcriptional activation of YDR1/PDR5/STS1 is mediated by yAP-1 and yAP-2. Of the stresses examined, heat shock-induced, rapid and transient PDR5 expression became very low in a yap1 yap2 double-gene disruptant, indicating that the yAP proteins mediate the response. Similar results were obtained with SNQ2, a close homologue of PDR5. A set of 5'-truncation derivatives of the PDR5 gene identified the region from -484 to -434 as being sufficient for the response. A sequence similar to the yAP-1 recognition element recently identified in the stress-responsive yeast genes was found in this region and in the 5'-flanking sequences of SNQ2.

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  • The multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) subfamily of ATP-binding superfamily transporter (Yrs1/Yor1) is important for the tolerance of yeast to a broad range of organic anions.

    J. Biol. Chem.   271   14712 - 14716   1996年

  • Genetic evidence for the functional redundancy of the calcineurin- and Mpk1-mediated pathways in the regulation of cellular events important for growth in Sccharomyces cerevisiae.

    Mol. Gen. Genet.   251 ( 2 )   211 - 219   1996年

  • Calcineurin-mediated signalling important for growth regulation in yeast

    D. Hirata, T. Nakamura, T. Miyakawa

    Tanpakushitsu kakusan koso. Protein, nucleic acid, enzyme   41 ( 12 )   1695 - 1703   1996年

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    記述言語:日本語   掲載種別:書評論文,書評,文献紹介等  

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  • ADAPTATION TO HIGH-SALT STRESS IN SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE IS REGULATED BY CA2+/CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASE (CALCINEURIN) AND CAMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE

    D HIRATA, S HARADA, H NAMBA, T MIYAKAWA

    MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS   249 ( 3 )   257 - 264   1995年11月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:SPRINGER VERLAG  

    Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphoprotein phosphatase (calcineurin, PP2B) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is implicated in adaptation to high-salt conditions. Calcineurin mediates high salt-induced expression of the ENA1/PMR2 gene encoding the P-type ATPase, which is suggested to be involved in Na+ efflux. We identified the PDE1 gene encoding the low-affinity cAMP phosphodiesterase as a multicopy suppressor of the Li+- and Na+-sensitive calcineurin null mutant suggesting that cAMP is a negative regulator of adaptation to high-salt stress. Genetic analysis indicated that calcineurin and cAMP act antagonistically in a common pathway for adaptation. The bcy1 disruption, which leads to constitutive cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activity, inhibited high NaCl-induced expression of the ENA1/PMR2 gene, caused an elevation of the intracellular Na+ level and a growth defect in high-NaCl medium, all of which were analogous to the defects of a calcineurin mutant. A reduced cAMP level resulting from multiple copies of the PDE1 gene caused increased expression of the ENA1/PMR2 gene in response to high NaCl. We propose a model for the regulation of cation homeostasis, in which calcineurin antagonizes PKA to activate transcription of the ENA1/PMR2 gene in response to high-salt conditions.

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  • CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE SVS1 GENE WHICH ENCODES A SERINE-RICH AND THREONINE-RICH PROTEIN REQUIRED FOR VANADATE RESISTANCE

    T NAKAMURA, H NAMBA, T OHMOTO, YS LIU, D HIRATA, T MIYAKAWA

    GENE   165 ( 1 )   25 - 29   1995年11月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

    A novel Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc) SVS1 gene was cloned as a multicopy suppressor of vanadate (Vn) sensitivity (Vn(s)) due to a calcineurin (CaN) null mutation. SVS1 encoded a 260-amino-acid protein abundant in Ser and Thr residues, with a putative signal sequence at the N terminus. Deletion of SVS1 resulted in increased sensitivity to Vn, but not to other metallic ions or drugs. Northern analysis of the SVS1 mRNA indicated that the induction of the gene occurred specifically in the response to Vn. These results suggested that Sc has a mechanism to enhance the tolerance to Vn by increasing the expression of SVS1. The results of genetic experiments suggested that CaN and the Svs1 proteins act in separate pathways to enhance the tolerance to Vn.

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  • PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2B OF SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE IS REQUIRED FOR TOLERANCE TO MANGANESE, IN BLOCKING THE ENTRY OF IONS INTO THE CELLS

    IC FARCASANU, D HIRATA, E TSUCHIYA, F NISHIYAMA, T MIYAKAWA

    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY   232 ( 3 )   712 - 717   1995年9月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:SPRINGER VERLAG  

    The role of protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B/calcineurin) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the tolerance to divalent cations was investigated. PP2B-deficient mutants were found to be sensitive to MnCl2, but not to ZnCl2, CuCl2, NiCl2 and CoCl2. By measuring both manganese uptake and its efflux, it was found that the sensitivity of the mutant cells was due to an increase in manganese uptake and that the wild-type cells were able to prevent manganese entry into the cells, rather than export it in a more efficient manner. In the presence of the immunosuppressant FK506, the behavior of wild-type cells became similar to that of PP2B mutants. Out of various divalent cations tested, externally added magnesium ions were able to block manganese uptake in both wild-type and PP2B mutant strains.

    DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.tb20865.x

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  • 酵母の多剤耐性トランスポーターによるイオン輸送 : 微生物

    宮原 浩二, 平田 大, 宮川 都吉

    日本農藝化學會誌   69   226 - 226   1995年7月

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  • 細胞増殖制御物質リベロマイシン耐性変異遺伝子の解析 : 微生物

    白木 利幸, 崔 志峰, 平田 大, 土屋 英子, 高橋 英俊, 長田 裕之, 宮川 都吉

    日本農藝化學會誌   69   40 - 40   1995年7月

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  • 細胞増殖制御物質リベロマイシン感受性変異を相補する酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiaeの遺伝子YRS1の解析 : 微生物

    崔 志峰, 平田 大, 土屋 英子, 高橋 英俊, 長田 裕之, 宮川 都吉

    日本農藝化學會誌   69   40 - 40   1995年7月

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  • 酵母のG2期調節遺伝子NPS1の産物は新規なMAR結合蛋白である : 微生物

    岡田 智行, 土屋 英子, 平田 大, 宮川 都吉

    日本農藝化學會誌   69   39 - 39   1995年7月

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  • Ca^<2+>シグナルとcAMPシグナルのクロストークにより制御される酵母PMR2遺伝子(Na^+排出ポンプ)の転写誘導 : 微生物

    平田 大, 原田 伸一, 難波 宏光, 宮川 都吉

    日本農藝化學會誌   69   110 - 110   1995年7月

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  • 酵母のAP-1ホモログYAP1を介する情報伝達系の解明 : 微生物

    竹内 倫徳, 平田 大, 宮川 都吉

    日本農藝化學會誌   69   225 - 225   1995年7月

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  • 酵母のカルシニューリンとMAPキナーゼカスケードの遺伝学的関係 : 微生物

    中村 太郎, 大本 朋良, 平田 大, 土屋 英子, 宮川 都吉

    日本農藝化學會誌   69   225 - 225   1995年7月

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  • 酵母におけるMn^<2+>取り込みのカルシニューリンによる制御 : 微生物

    Farcasanu Ileana, 平田 大, 土屋 英子, 宮川 都吉

    日本農藝化學會誌   69   226 - 226   1995年7月

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  • カチオンホメオスタシスに関与する酵母遺伝子の解析 : 微生物

    原田 伸一, 荻野 剛, 平田 大, 土屋 英子, 宮川 都吉

    日本農藝化學會誌   69   225 - 225   1995年7月

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  • A NOVEL PROTEIN-KINASE GENE SSP1(+) IS REQUIRED FOR ALTERATION OF GROWTH POLARITY AND ACTIN LOCALIZATION IN FISSION YEAST

    T MATSUSAKA, D HIRATA, M YANAGIDA, T TODA

    EMBO JOURNAL   14 ( 14 )   3325 - 3338   1995年7月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:WILEY  

    Temperature-sensitive suppressor mutants were isolated from two fission yeast mutants defective in cell shape control: ppe1, encoding a type 2A-like protein phosphatase, and sts5, one of 11 staurosporine-supersensitive mutants, Complementation tests showed that suppression was due to two chromosomal loci, ssp1 and ssp2, Cells of the ssp1 mutant grown at the restrictive temperature arrested uniformly with an elongated cell body and a 2C content of DNA, Interestingly, these mutant cells grew only in a monopolar manner, At a specific point in the G(2) phase of the cell cycle, wild-type cells exhibit a drastic alteration in growth polarity, from mono- to bipolar, This Change coincides with the distribution of cortical actin from one end of the cell to both ends, In the ssp1 mutant cells, cortical actin was localized only at one end, suggesting that the mutant fails to change growth polarity. Nucleotide sequence determination showed that ssp1(+) encodes a novel protein kinase, Ectopic overexpression of ssp1(+) resulted in an altered cell morphology and cortical actin was randomly dispersed within the cells, Immunocytological analysis revealed that the protein was primarily localized in the cytoplasm and that half of the protein existed in an insoluble fraction, These results show that the dynamics of actin-based growth polarity during the cell cycle are regulated, at least in part, by a novel set of protein kinases and phosphatases.

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  • THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLES OF MEMBRANE ERGOSTEROL AS REVEALED BY THE PHENOTYPES OF SYR1/ERG3 NULL MUTANT OF SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE

    K HEMMI, C JULMANOP, D HIRATA, E TSUCHIYA, JY TAKEMOTO, T MIYAKAWA

    BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY   59 ( 3 )   482 - 486   1995年3月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

    Ergosterol is a major sterol component of fungal plasma membranes. The effects of disrupting the Saccharomyces cevevisiae SYR1/ERG3 gene, which encodes sterol C-5 desaturase, an enzyme of ergosterol biosynthesis pathway, were markedly different for different S. cerevisiae strains and growth temperatures. The null mutation of SYR1 (Delta syr1) in strain RAY-3A had only a slight effect on the growth rate at 28 degrees C. However, at this temperature, the same mutation caused poor growth in strain KA-311A and no growth in strain W303-1A. The Delta syr1 disruptant of these strains were able to grow at 37 degrees C, as,yell as their parental strains. Moreover, the growth of the Delta syr1 disruptant of W303-1A and KA-311A strains were severely inhibited at 16 degrees C. These results indicated that ergosterol is essential for growth at low temperatures, and the effects of the gene disruption are variable by the genetic background. The growth defect at low temperatures appeared to be due to the defect of tryptophan uptake in the Delta syr1 mutants. The Delta syr1 mutants were sensitive to a wide variety of drugs, chemicals, and ions, suggesting that yeast ergosterol is important as permeability barrier against various chemical stresses.

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  • FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS OF THE PROMOTER OF THE SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE GENE YDR1, WHICH ENCODES A MEMBER OF THE ATP BINDING CASSETTE (ABC) SUPERFAMILY

    K MIYAHARA, D HIRATA, T MIYAKAWA

    BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY   59 ( 1 )   147 - 149   1995年1月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

    The Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene YDR1/PDR5/STS1, which encodes a member of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) superfamily, is important for cross-resistance to apparently unrelated drugs. The expression of YDR1 is induced by various drugs and heat shock [Hirata et al., Guru, Genet., 26, 285-294 (1994)]. By deletion analysis of the 5'-noncoding region of the YDB1 gene, two drug responsive regions (-604 to -485 and -335 to -275) were identified with fluphenazine and cycloheximide. Three conserved palindrome sequences were found in these regions.

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  • The Physiological Roles of Membrane Ergosterol as Revealed by the Phenotypes of syr1/erg3 Null Mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

    Kenji Hemmi, Charnchai Julmanop, Dai Hirata, Eiko Tsuchiya, Jon Y. Takemoto, Tokichi Miyakawa

    Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry   59 ( 3 )   482 - 486   1995年

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    記述言語:英語  

    Ergosterol is a major sterol component of fungal plasma membranes. The effects of disrupting the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SYR1/ERG3 gene, which encodes sterol C-5 desaturase, an enzyme of ergosterol biosynthesis pathway, were markedly different for different S. cerevisiae strains and growth temperatures. The null mutation of SYR1 (⊿syrl) in strain RAY-3 A had only a slight effect on the growth rate at 28°C. However, at this temperature, the same mutation caused poor growth in strain KA-311A and no growth in strain W303-1A. The ⊿syrl disruptant of these strains were able to grow at 37°C, as well as their parental strains. Moreover, the growth of the ⊿syrl disruptant of W303-1A and KA-311A strains were severely inhibited at 16°C. These results indicated that ergosterol is essential for growth at low temperatures, and the effects of the gene disruption are variable by the genetic background. The growth defect at low temperatures appeared to be due to the defect of tryptophan uptake in the ⊿syrl mutants. The ⊿syrl mutants were sensitive to a wide variety of drugs, chemicals, and ions, suggesting that yeast ergosterol is imnortant as oermeabilitv barrier against various chemical stresses. © 1995, Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1271/bbb.59.482

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  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae YDR1, which encodes a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily, is required for multidrug resistance

    Dai Hirata, Kiichiro Yano, Kohji Miyahara, Tokichi Miyakawa

    Current Genetics   26 ( 4 )   285 - 294   1994年10月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:Springer-Verlag  

    A multidrug resistance gene, YDR1, of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which encodes a 170-kDa protein of a member of the ABC superfamily, was identified. Disruption of YDR1 resulted in hypersensitivity to cycloheximide, cerulenin, compactin, staurosporine and fluphenazine, indicating that YDR1 is an important determinant of cross resistance to apparently-unrelated drugs. The Ydr1 protein bears the highest similarity to the S. cerevisiae Snq2 protein required for resistance to the mutagen 4-NQO. The drug-specificity analysis of YDR1 and SNQ2 by gene disruption, and its phenotypic suppression by the overexpressed genes, revealed overlapping, yet distinct, specificities. YDR1 was responsible for cycloheximide, cerulenin and compactin resistance, whereas, SNQ2 was responsible for 4-NQO resistance. The two genes had overlapping specificities toward staurosporine and fluphenazine. The transcription of YDR1 and SNQ2 was induced by various drugs, both relevant and irrelevant to the resistance caused by the gene, suggesting that drug specificity can be mainly attributed to the functional difference of the putative transporters. The transcription of these genes was also increased by heat shock. The yeast drug-resistance system provides a novel model for mammalian multidrug resistance. © 1994 Springer-Verlag.

    DOI: 10.1007/BF00310491

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  • 酵母のストレス応答とカルシニューリン 招待

    宮川都吉, 中村太郎, 平田 大

    蛋白質核酸酵素   39 ( 4 )   420 - 428   1994年4月

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    記述言語:日本語   掲載種別:記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:共立出版  

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  • 酵母のストレス応答とカルシニュ-リン--細胞内イオン濃度の調節による高NaClへの適応 (酵母に見る最新の真核生物像--酵母実験系への誘い) -- (信号伝達)

    宮川 都吉, 中村 太郎, 平田 大

    蛋白質核酸酵素   39 ( 4 )   p420 - 428   1994年3月

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  • Stress-induced transcriptional activation mediated by YAP1 and YAP2 genes that encode the Jun family of transcriptional activators in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

    Dai Hirata, Kiichiro Yano, Tokichi Miyakawa

    MGG Molecular &amp; General Genetics   242 ( 3 )   250 - 256   1994年2月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:Springer-Verlag  

    The Saccharomyces cerevisiae YAP2 gene encoding an AP-1-like transcriptional activator protein was cloned by selection for genes that confer pleiotropic drug resistance when present in high copy number. The novel YAP2 gene encodes a protein of 45827 daltons and is homologous in part to a known transcriptional activator protein encoded by YAP1/PDR4/SNQ3/PAR1. Homology was found only in both terminal regions. The N-terminal portion contains a region rich in basic amino acids, followed by a "leucine zipper" motif. Overexpression of YAP2 led to the induction of expression of an AP-1 recognition element (ARE)-dependent promoter. The yap1 disruptant has been shown to be sensitive to H2O2. In this study, we demonstrated that the yap1 disruptant is also unable to grow in medium containing 150 μM cadmium, whereas the yap2 disruptant exhibited no significant phenotypes. However, YAP2 in high copy number did suppress cadmium sensitivity, but not H2O2 sensitivity of the yap1 disruptant. YAP1 was able to mediate both cadmium- and H2O2-induced transcriptional activation of an ARE-dependent promoter. A high-copy-number plasmid bearing YAP2 mediated cadmium-induced transcriptional activation of this promoter. The inductions were prevented by the antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine. © 1994 Springer-Verlag.

    DOI: 10.1007/BF00280413

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  • OVEREXPRESSION AND SECRETION OF CELLULOLYTIC ENZYMES BY DELTA-SEQUENCE-MEDIATED MULTICOPY INTEGRATION OF HETEROLOGOUS DNA-SEQUENCES INTO THE CHROMOSOMES OF SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE

    D MOCHIZUKI, K MIYAHARA, D HIRATA, H MATSUZAKI, T HATANO, S FUKUI, T MIYAKAWA

    JOURNAL OF FERMENTATION AND BIOENGINEERING   77 ( 5 )   468 - 473   1994年

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:SOC FERMENTATION BIOENGINEERING, JAPAN  

    Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformants which secrete high levels of cellulolytic enzymes, with chromosome-integrated multicopies of heterologous DNA sequences encoding the cellulolytic enzymes were constructed. An expression construct of beta-glucosidase and carboxymethyl cellulase directed by the GAP promoter was integrated into the chromosomes of the haploid S. cerevisiae using the a sequence-mediated integration system. Southern blot analysis of the chromosomes prepared from various integrants and separated by pulse-field gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the integration occurred mainly in a particular chromosome and the copy number of the integration was variable. The amount of enzymes secreted by the transformants correlated with the copy number of integration. For each enzyme, the highest activity was about 1.4-fold that produced by the transformant harboring the same expression cassette on a YEp-type plasmid. The delta-integrated exogenous DNA was mitotically stable in rich medium. A haploid double transformant which coexpresses and secretes beta-glucosidase and carboxymethyl cellulase was further constructed by genetic crossing of the haploid transformant that produces a high level of the enzyme, followed by meiotic segregation of the resulting diploid strain. The haploid double transformant, but neither of the single transformant, could grow on a plate containing carboxymethyl cellulose as a sole carbon source. It is suggested that the delta-sequence-mediated integration system is a very useful means for the genetic engineering of yeast, especially when overproduction and secretion of multiple heterologous enzymes are desired.

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  • Calcineurin-mediated adaptation to salt stress in yeast

    T. Miyakawa, T. Nakamura, D. Hirata

    Tanpakushitsu kakusan koso. Protein, nucleic acid, enzyme   39 ( 4 )   420 - 428   1994年

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    記述言語:日本語   掲載種別:書評論文,書評,文献紹介等  

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  • PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE TYPE-2B (CALCINEURIN)-MEDIATED, FK506-SENSITIVE REGULATION OF INTRACELLULAR IONS IN YEAST IS AN IMPORTANT DETERMINANT FOR ADAPTATION TO HIGH-SALT STRESS CONDITIONS

    T NAKAMURA, YS LIU, D HIRATA, H NAMBA, S HARADA, T HIROKAWA, T MIYAKAWA

    EMBO JOURNAL   12 ( 11 )   4063 - 4071   1993年11月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM  

    To assess the physiological function of Ca2+-dependent protein phosphatase (PP2B) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the phenotypes of PP2B-deficient mutants were investigated. Although PP2B was dispensable for growth under normal conditions, the mutations did, however, cause growth inhibition under certain stress circumstances. The growth of the mutants was inhibited by NaCl and LiCl, but not by KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2 or nonspecific osmotic stresses. Upon shift to high NaCl medium, intracellular Na+ levels of both wild type yeast and the mutants initially increased at a comparable rate. However, internal Na+ in wild type cells started to decline more rapidly than the mutant cells during cultivation in high NaCl medium, indicating that PP2B is important in maintaining a gradient across the membrane. The protection against salt stress was achieved, at least in part, by the stimulation of Na+ export. The maintenance of a high level of internal K+ in high NaCl medium was also PP2B-dependent. In the presence of the immunosuppressant FK506, the growth behaviour and intracellular Na+ and K+ of wild type cells in high NaCl medium became very similar to those of the PP2B-deficient mutant in a manner dependent on the presence of the FK506 binding protein.

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  • ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SSE1 AND SSE2, NEW MEMBERS OF THE YEAST HSP70 MULTIGENE FAMILY

    H MUKAI, T KUNO, H TANAKA, D HIRATA, T MIYAKAWA, C TANAKA

    GENE   132 ( 1 )   57 - 66   1993年9月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

    Two new members of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae heat-shock protein 70 multigene (HSP70) family were isolated from a yeast expression library using antisera made against a yeast calmodulin-binding fraction. They are designated as SSE1 and, SSE2, because their predicted amino acid (aa) sequences are highly homologous to each other (76% identical), and share homology with known members of the yeast HSP70 multigene family, but their homologies (13 to 28% identity) are not high enough to place them in known subfamilies. SSE1 and SSE2 are thought to encode polypeptides of 693 aa with calculated M(r)'s of 77408 and 77619, respectively. The SSE1 mRNAs were moderately abundant during steady-state growth at 23-degrees-C, and increased a few-fold upon upshift to 37-degrees-C. SSE2 mRNAs were present at low level during steady-state growth at 23-degrees-C, and greatly increased upon upshift to 37-degrees-C. Disruption of SSE1 results in slow-growing cells at any temperature. No phenotypic effects of the mutation in SSE2 were detected, and the growth property of the sse1sse2 double mutant was the same as that of the sse1 single mutant.

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  • ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SSE1 AND SSE2, NEW MEMBERS OF THE YEAST HSP70 MULTIGENE FAMILY

    H MUKAI, T KUNO, H TANAKA, D HIRATA, T MIYAKAWA, C TANAKA

    GENE   132 ( 1 )   57 - 66   1993年9月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

    Two new members of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae heat-shock protein 70 multigene (HSP70) family were isolated from a yeast expression library using antisera made against a yeast calmodulin-binding fraction. They are designated as SSE1 and, SSE2, because their predicted amino acid (aa) sequences are highly homologous to each other (76% identical), and share homology with known members of the yeast HSP70 multigene family, but their homologies (13 to 28% identity) are not high enough to place them in known subfamilies. SSE1 and SSE2 are thought to encode polypeptides of 693 aa with calculated M(r)'s of 77408 and 77619, respectively. The SSE1 mRNAs were moderately abundant during steady-state growth at 23-degrees-C, and increased a few-fold upon upshift to 37-degrees-C. SSE2 mRNAs were present at low level during steady-state growth at 23-degrees-C, and greatly increased upon upshift to 37-degrees-C. Disruption of SSE1 results in slow-growing cells at any temperature. No phenotypic effects of the mutation in SSE2 were detected, and the growth property of the sse1sse2 double mutant was the same as that of the sse1 single mutant.

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  • Protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin)-mediated, FK506-sensitive regulation of intracellular ions in yeast is an important determinant for adaptation to high salt stress conditions.

    EMBO J.   12   4063 - 4071   1993年

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  • STABLE OVERPRODUCTION OF ISOAMYL ALCOHOL BY SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE WITH CHROMOSOME-INTEGRATED MULTICOPY LEU4 GENES

    D HIRATA, S AOKI, K WATANABE, M TSUKIOKA, T SUZUKI

    BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY   56 ( 10 )   1682 - 1683   1992年10月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

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  • BREEDING OF A USEFUL STRAIN OF SAKE YEAST FOR GINJO-SAKE BREWING

    D HIRATA, S AOKI, K WATANABE, M TSUKIOKA, T SUZUKI

    JOURNAL OF FERMENTATION AND BIOENGINEERING   73 ( 6 )   497 - 499   1992年

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:SOC FERMENTATION BIOENGINEERING, JAPAN  

    A useful sake-fermenting yeast for brewing ginjo-sake was bred by protoplast fusion. First, 61 native strains were isolated from ginjo-sake mash. From these isolates, two strains, YNS50 and YNS59, were selected. These two strains possessed many of the characteristics required for ginjo-sake brewing in a complementary manner. Strain YNS50 produced high amounts of the flavor components isoamyl acetate and ethyl caproate and low amounts of acids. Strain YNS59, on the other hand, exhibited good growth and fermentation at low temperatures (approximately 10-degrees-C) and had high resistance to ethyl alcohol. Next, a lysine auxotrophic mutant (YDH17) of YNS50 and rho-mutant (YDH8) of YNS59 with a marker useful for the selection of the fusants were constructed. Finally, prototrophs arising from the complementation of each marker by protoplast fusion were obtained. A strain (strain YNF74) that stably maintained all of the useful characteristics derived from each wild type strain was screened from 120 fusants. In a sub-industrial scale sake brewing test, we demonstrated that strain YNF74 exhibited its superior characteristics in brewing ginjo-sake. The sake produced by strain YNF74 achieved high evaluation in a tasting test.

    DOI: 10.1016/0922-338X(92)90145-K

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  • SECRETION OF THE GLUCOAMYLASE-BETA-LACTAMASE CHIMERA PROTEIN BY SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE

    D HIRATA, T MIYAKAWA, YAMASHITA, I

    JOURNAL OF FERMENTATION AND BIOENGINEERING   74 ( 4 )   251 - 253   1992年

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:SOC FERMENTATION BIOENGINEERING, JAPAN  

    Saccharomycopsis fibuligera glucoamylase (GLU1) and Escherichia coli beta-lactamase (bla) fusion gene was constructed and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. S. cerevisiae transformants with the plasmid harboring the GLU1-bla fusion gene produced in the culture medium a 90 Kd protein with both glucoamylase and beta-lactamase activities, in agreement with the size of the chimera protein expected from the gene construct.

    DOI: 10.1016/0922-338X(92)90122-B

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  • BREEDING OF A USEFUL STRAIN OF SAKE YEAST FOR GINJO-SAKE BREWING

    D HIRATA, S AOKI, K WATANABE, M TSUKIOKA, T SUZUKI

    JOURNAL OF FERMENTATION AND BIOENGINEERING   73 ( 6 )   497 - 499   1992年

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:SOC FERMENTATION BIOENGINEERING, JAPAN  

    A useful sake-fermenting yeast for brewing ginjo-sake was bred by protoplast fusion. First, 61 native strains were isolated from ginjo-sake mash. From these isolates, two strains, YNS50 and YNS59, were selected. These two strains possessed many of the characteristics required for ginjo-sake brewing in a complementary manner. Strain YNS50 produced high amounts of the flavor components isoamyl acetate and ethyl caproate and low amounts of acids. Strain YNS59, on the other hand, exhibited good growth and fermentation at low temperatures (approximately 10-degrees-C) and had high resistance to ethyl alcohol. Next, a lysine auxotrophic mutant (YDH17) of YNS50 and rho-mutant (YDH8) of YNS59 with a marker useful for the selection of the fusants were constructed. Finally, prototrophs arising from the complementation of each marker by protoplast fusion were obtained. A strain (strain YNF74) that stably maintained all of the useful characteristics derived from each wild type strain was screened from 120 fusants. In a sub-industrial scale sake brewing test, we demonstrated that strain YNF74 exhibited its superior characteristics in brewing ginjo-sake. The sake produced by strain YNF74 achieved high evaluation in a tasting test.

    DOI: 10.1016/0922-338X(92)90145-K

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  • Secretion of the glucoamylase-β-lactamase chimera protein by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

    Dai Hirata, Tokichi Miyakawa, Ichiro Yamashita

    Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering   74 ( 4 )   251 - 253   1992年

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    記述言語:英語  

    Saccharomycopsis fibuligera glucoamylase (GLU1) and Escherichia coli β-lactamase (bla) fusion gene was constructed and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. S. cerevisiae transformants with the plasmid harboring the GLU1-bla fusion gene produced in the culture medium a 90 Kd protein with both glucoamylase and β-lactamase activities, in agreement with the size of the chimera protein expected from the gene construct. © 1992.

    DOI: 10.1016/0922-338X(92)90122-B

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  • GENES THAT CAUSE OVERPRODUCTION OF ISOAMYL ALCOHOL BY INCREASED GENE-DOSAGE EFFECT IN SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE

    D HIRATA, T HIROI

    AGRICULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY   55 ( 4 )   919 - 924   1991年4月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:JAPAN SOC BIOSCI BIOTECHN AGROCHEM  

    Isoamyl acetate, one of the major components of flavor in a Japanese brewing product, sake, contributes to the fruity flavor of sake. We cloned Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes that cause overproduction of isoamyl alcohol, the precursor of isoamyl acetate, by increased gene-dosage effect. Three plasmids, pScFlr1, pScFlr2, and pScFlr3, were obtained by selection from the yeast genomic DNA which, on a multicopy plasmid, confer a phenotype resistant to 5,5,5-trifluoro-DL-leucine, an analogue of leucine. The cloned DNA fragments in the three plasmids had different restriction maps. Transformed cells with each of the plasmids produced large amounts of both isoamyl alcohol and isoamyl acetate. The gene cloned in the plasmid pScFlr1 was identified as the LEU4 gene encoding alpha-isopropylmalate synthase.

    DOI: 10.1271/bbb1961.55.919

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  • GENES THAT CAUSE OVERPRODUCTION OF ISOAMYL ALCOHOL BY INCREASED GENE-DOSAGE EFFECT IN SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE

    D HIRATA, T HIROI

    AGRICULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY   55 ( 4 )   919 - 924   1991年4月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:JAPAN SOC BIOSCI BIOTECHN AGROCHEM  

    Isoamyl acetate, one of the major components of flavor in a Japanese brewing product, sake, contributes to the fruity flavor of sake. We cloned Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes that cause overproduction of isoamyl alcohol, the precursor of isoamyl acetate, by increased gene-dosage effect. Three plasmids, pScFlr1, pScFlr2, and pScFlr3, were obtained by selection from the yeast genomic DNA which, on a multicopy plasmid, confer a phenotype resistant to 5,5,5-trifluoro-DL-leucine, an analogue of leucine. The cloned DNA fragments in the three plasmids had different restriction maps. Transformed cells with each of the plasmids produced large amounts of both isoamyl alcohol and isoamyl acetate. The gene cloned in the plasmid pScFlr1 was identified as the LEU4 gene encoding alpha-isopropylmalate synthase.

    DOI: 10.1271/bbb1961.55.919

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  • NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE OF THE SECRETABLE ACID PROTEASE GENE PEP1 IN THE YEAST SACCHAROMYCOPSIS-FIBULIGERA

    D HIRATA, S FUKUI, YAMASHITA, I

    AGRICULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY   52 ( 10 )   2647 - 2649   1988年10月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:JAPAN SOC BIOSCI BIOTECHN AGROCHEM  

    DOI: 10.1271/bbb1961.52.2647

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  • NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE OF THE SECRETABLE ACID PROTEASE GENE PEP1 IN THE YEAST SACCHAROMYCOPSIS-FIBULIGERA

    D HIRATA, S FUKUI, YAMASHITA, I

    AGRICULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY   52 ( 10 )   2647 - 2649   1988年10月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:JAPAN SOC BIOSCI BIOTECHN AGROCHEM  

    DOI: 10.1271/bbb1961.52.2647

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  • CLONING AND EXPRESSION IN SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE OF THE SECRETABLE ACID PROTEASE GENE FROM SACCHAROMYCOPSIS-FIBULIGERA

    YAMASHITA, I, D HIRATA, M MACHIDA, S FUKUI

    AGRICULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY   50 ( 1 )   109 - 113   1986年1月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:JAPAN SOC BIOSCI BIOTECHN AGROCHEM  

    DOI: 10.1271/bbb1961.50.109

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  • CLONING AND EXPRESSION IN SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE OF THE SECRETABLE ACID PROTEASE GENE FROM SACCHAROMYCOPSIS-FIBULIGERA

    YAMASHITA, I, D HIRATA, M MACHIDA, S FUKUI

    AGRICULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY   50 ( 1 )   109 - 113   1986年1月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:JAPAN SOC BIOSCI BIOTECHN AGROCHEM  

    DOI: 10.1271/bbb1961.50.109

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▶ 全件表示

受賞

  • Biosci.Biotechnol.Biochem.論文賞(2017)

    2018年3月   日本農芸化学会  

    平田 大 他

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    受賞区分:学会誌・学術雑誌による顕彰  受賞国:日本国

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  • Biosci.Biotechnol.Biochem.論文賞(2000)

    2001年3月   日本農芸化学会  

    平田 大 他

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    受賞区分:学会誌・学術雑誌による顕彰  受賞国:日本国

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  • 日本農芸化学会奨励賞(1999年度)

    1999年3月   日本農芸化学会  

    平田 大

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    受賞区分:国内学会・会議・シンポジウム等の賞  受賞国:日本国

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共同研究・競争的資金等の研究

  • 寿命制御における細胞極性制御経路の役割

    研究課題/領域番号:21K05377

    2021年4月 - 2024年3月

    制度名:科学研究費助成事業

    研究種目:基盤研究(C)

    提供機関:日本学術振興会

    平田 大

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    配分額:4030000円 ( 直接経費:3100000円 、 間接経費:930000円 )

    (1)背景(意義・重要性):細胞極性制御やチェックポイント機構は、細胞の正常な機能発現や遺伝情報の完全性の維持に必須で、その破綻は細胞癌化・老化の一要因である。一方、寿命制御機構の解明は、健康寿命の延伸のみならず老化に伴う癌や生活習慣病の発症機構の解明・予防にとって極めて重要である。
    (2)目的:本研究では申請者がモデル細胞・酵母において発見した細胞極性制御経路について、寿命制御機構との関連性について解析する。具体的には、酵母の細胞極性制御経路(関連分子を含む)について、環境変化に適応する寿命制御機構との関連性を調査し、健康長寿延伸のための基盤研究を展開する。
    (3)実施状況:昨年度は研究実施計画に基づき以下の2つの研究テーマについて研究を展開した。テーマ1 )環境変化に応答する細胞挙動の解析:一定の環境条件において、環境変化に応答する酵母細胞の生存率を解析した。テーマ2 )環境適応寿命における細胞極性制御経路の重要性の調査:情報伝達関連分子(細胞極性制御経路関連分子を含む)について、機能欠損変異体を用いて、テーマ1 の環境条件での細胞挙動を調べ、当該分子の寿命制御との関連性を調査した。

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  • 細胞極性を制御するチェックポイント経路に関する基礎および応用研究

    研究課題/領域番号:24380057

    2012年4月 - 2015年3月

    制度名:科学研究費助成事業

    研究種目:基盤研究(B)

    提供機関:日本学術振興会

    平田 大

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    配分額:13520000円 ( 直接経費:10400000円 、 間接経費:3120000円 )

    細胞極性は、増殖や分化と連動し適切に制御され、細胞の機能発現に必須である。一方、チェックポイント機構は、遺伝情報の完全性の維持に必須で、その破綻は、細胞癌化の一要因である。本研究代表者は、これまで、細胞の癌化機構の解明を最終目的として、ヒトのモデル細胞である酵母(分裂、出芽の両酵母)を使って、細胞極性と細胞周期との連携制御機構を解析し、その中で、最近、DNA複製チェックポイント経路(Cds1 kinase)がカルシニューリン(CN:Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase)を介し、細胞極性を制御する、CCT経路(Cds1-CN-TIPs)を発見した。そこで、本研究では、細胞極性を制御する本チェックポイント経路の解明と普遍性の検証(基礎研究)、本経路を標的とする医薬探索系の開発(応用研究)をめざし、健康長寿に貢献する酵母研究を展開する。各テーマの本年の研究実績を以下に期す。1)細胞極性を制御するチェックポイント経路の解明(基礎研究):前年度までに同定した、CCT経路の上流および下流で機能する分子について、論文投稿の準備を開始した。2)細胞極性制御分子を標的とする医薬探索系の開発(応用研究):前年度までに選択したCCT経路の活性を検出可能な変異体を用いた新規医薬探索系について、論文投稿の準備を開始した。

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  • 酵母の細胞極性制御に関する基礎および応用研究

    研究課題/領域番号:20380063

    2008年 - 2011年

    制度名:科学研究費助成事業

    研究種目:基盤研究(B)

    提供機関:日本学術振興会

    平田 大, 水沼 正樹, 久米 一規

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    配分額:19240000円 ( 直接経費:14800000円 、 間接経費:4440000円 )

    本研究では、酵母を用いて、細胞極性と細胞周期との連携制御機構について解析した。具体的には、細胞極性の確立・維持に重要なMOR経路において、新規な構成分子を同定し、また、MOR経路と細胞質分裂の開始を制御するSIN経路とのクロストークがM期から間期への移行制御に重要であることを示した。さらに、カルシニューリンがDNA複製チェックポイントと微小管依存的細胞極性変換制御系とをつなぐ、新規経路(CCT経路:Cds1-Calcineurin-TIPs)を見いだした。本経路のすべての構成分子は進化上保存されていることから、本経路がヒトにも存在し、かつ、本知見が癌の治療法の開発など医療分野に役立つことを期待している。

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  • 細胞の形態とサイズの細胞周期制御の分子機構

    研究課題/領域番号:19057002

    2007年 - 2012年

    制度名:科学研究費助成事業

    研究種目:特定領域研究

    提供機関:日本学術振興会

    大矢 禎一, 平田 大

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    配分額:79000000円 ( 直接経費:79000000円 )

    出芽酵母の細胞壁合成チェックポイントは、細胞壁合成が停止することにより細胞周期の進行がG2/Mで停止するという新規チェックポイントである。このチェックポインに関わる新規因子を18個同定し、細胞壁から核内への細胞内シグナル伝達系や転写因子の関与を証明した。特に転写因子の特定のリン酸化サイトがチェックポイント制御に重要な働きをしていることを見いだした。これらの因子は、ヒトなど様々な生物における細胞で高度に保存されている。したがって我々の研究は細胞壁を有する生物だけに留まらず、他の生物における増殖制御機構に関する知見に貢献すると期待している。

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  • 神経高次機能における細胞極性ネットワークの役割

    研究課題/領域番号:17657064

    2005年 - 2007年

    制度名:科学研究費助成事業

    研究種目:萌芽研究

    提供機関:日本学術振興会

    平田 大

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    配分額:3400000円 ( 直接経費:3400000円 )

    本研究では、嗅覚順応行動における、進化上保存された細胞極性ネットワークの重要性を実証するため、2つのモデル生物(酵母と線虫)を使って研究している。本年度は以下の知見を得た。
    1.酵母の細胞極性ネットワークの解析:これまでに、分裂酵母の細胞極性ネットワークMOR (Morphogenesis Orb6 network)を同定し、MORが細胞質分裂の開始を制御するSIN (Septation Initiation Network)の制御下にあること(M. Kanai, et. al., EMBO J. 2005)、MORの最上流分子Pmo25に結合するkinase活性が、Nak1/MORとSid1/SINの二つのGC kinaseに依存することを見出している(K. Kume, et. al., Biosci. Biotech. Biochem 2007)。本年度は、新たなMOR構成分子として新規GC kinase Ppk11を同定し、その機能を解析した(投稿中)。
    2.線虫の嗅覚順応変異体の解析:これまでに、GTP結合タンパク質の情報伝達経路の制御分子が、嗅覚順応行動に重要であること、最下流で機能する神経伝達物質の放出を制御する分子を同定している。本年度は、神経伝達物質を特定した(投稿中)。
    3.線虫の嗅覚順応行動におけるSAX2の役割:これまでに、線虫のSAX2が、AWC感覚神経が関与する嗅覚順応行動に特異的に重要であること、SAX2と上記のGTP結合タンパク質の情報伝達経路が機能的に関連することを見出した。本年度は、その詳細についてさらに解析を進めた(投稿準備中)。

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  • 成長極性をモニターする新規チェックポイント機構

    研究課題/領域番号:16370087

    2004年 - 2006年

    制度名:科学研究費助成事業

    研究種目:基盤研究(B)

    提供機関:日本学術振興会

    平田 大

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    配分額:15500000円 ( 直接経費:15500000円 )

    細胞極性は細胞周期と連動して適切に制御され、それは、個々の細胞の機能発現にとって必須である。本研究では、単細胞モデル生物・酵母をつかって、両者を連携制御する新規チェックポイント機構について解析し、以下の知見を得た。
    1)EtOHストレスによる細胞形態形成チェックポイントの活性化:出芽酵母の細胞極性へのEtOHストレスの効果を解析した結果、EtOHストレスにより、アクチン細胞骨格の一過的分散が起こり、同時に、細胞周期のG2期遅延が誘導されることがわかった。
    2)中心体から発信される細胞極性ネットワークの発見:分裂酵母において、進化上保存された、M025-like/Pmo25, GC kinase/Nak1, Furry-like/Mor2, NDR kinase/Orb6, Mob2が、細胞質分裂後の細胞分離と細胞極性制御に重要な形態形成ネットワークMOR (Morphogenesis Orb6 Network)を構成することを見出した。Pmo25はM期では中心体/SPBに局在し、その後、隔壁形成部位に局在変化することがわかった。また、Pmo25はNak1と複合体を形成し、Orb6の上流で機能することを示した。さらに、Pmo25のM期中心体への局在と、細胞分離後の細胞周期間期のNak1-Orb6 kinase活性が、細胞質分裂の開始を制御するSIN経路(Septation Initiation Network)に依存することを見出した。以上の結果は、細胞周期間期の細胞極性制御に重要なシグナル伝達経路が、中心体から発信されることを示唆する。また、MORの構成因子の変異体では、mor2変異と同様、成長極性をモニターするチェックポイント機構々活性することを示した。
    3)チューブリン変異によるBub1依存的チェックポイントの活性化:細胞骨格の微小管の構成因子α-チューブリンの変異が、微小管のダイナミクスとEB1/Mal3(癌抑制因子APCの結合タンパク質のホモログ)の局在に影響を与え、Bub1依存的チェックポイントを活性化することを示した。
    4)酵母の成長極性を把握する画像解析プログラムの構築:酵母の細胞極性を把握する画像解析プログラムを構築し、実際、このプログラムを使って、変異体の形態把握が可能なことを示した。

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  • Ca^<2+>シグナルによる酵母の細胞周期制御機構およびその生理機能に関する研究

    研究課題/領域番号:14206012

    2002年 - 2004年

    制度名:科学研究費助成事業

    研究種目:基盤研究(A)

    提供機関:日本学術振興会

    宮川 都吉, 平田 大, 水沼 正樹

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    配分額:51220000円 ( 直接経費:39400000円 、 間接経費:11820000円 )

    Ca^<2+>シグナルによる酵母の細胞周期制御の詳細及び生理的意義を解明するために、この経路に欠陥を有する変異株(scz変異と命名)を多数取得し、順次解析を行った。主な成果は以下の通り。
    (1)変異株の取得及び遺伝解析:Ca^<2+>シグナル経路に欠陥のある変異株をさらに分離・遺伝解析し、すでに明らかにした相補群に加え、新たな相補群が明らかになり、計22相補群となった。
    (2)scz13株の解析結果:scz13変異はS-アデノシルホモシステイン(AdoHcy)遺伝子(SAH1)における変異で、野生株に比較して細胞内のAdoHcyおよびAdoMetを大量蓄積し、G1期遅延が観察された。細胞内AdoHcyおよびAdoMetレベルの上昇により、CLN2およびSWE1遺伝子の発現が著しく抑制されたことから、Ca^<2+>シグナルによる細胞周期制御抑制機構が明らかになった。
    (3)scz6株の解析結果:scz6変異はプロテインキナーゼC(Pkc1p)をコードする遺伝子(PKC1)における変異であることが明らかになった。Mpk1MAPキナーゼ経路の活性化を介する細胞壁合成制御とは異なる、Pkc1pの新規機構によりG1サイクリン(Cln2pなど)の発現制御を通してFアクチンの極性化、ひいては細胞の極性化を制御していることを明らかにした。
    (4)カルシニューリンが関与する増殖制御:カルシニューリンと浸透圧応答(HOG)経路が拮抗的に細胞増殖を制御することを見出した。カルシニューリンは、は出芽部位におけるアクチン極性化を負に制御し、HOG経路はアクチン極性化後の芽の形成を正に制御することを明らかにした。本機構は、浸透圧変化に対応し、出芽を調節する細胞増殖の重要な制御機構である。

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  • M期開始制御

    研究課題/領域番号:13043036

    2001年 - 2005年

    制度名:科学研究費助成事業

    研究種目:特定領域研究

    提供機関:日本学術振興会

    平田 大

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    配分額:37700000円 ( 直接経費:37700000円 )

    M期開始制御は、チェックポイントやストレスレ応答に重要である。本研究では、分裂酵母における細胞極性をモニターする新規チェックポイントと、出芽酵母におけるシグナル伝達経路によるG2-M期制御について解析し、以下の知見を得た。
    1 細胞極性をモニターするチェックポイント(分裂酵母):(1)Furry様タンパク質Mor2が細胞極性制御に重要で、極性成長領域に局在することがわかった。また、mor2変異はアクチン細胞骨格の局在異兼をもたらし、同時に、Wee1キナーゼ依存的G2期遅延を誘導することがわかった。この結果は、分裂酵母が細胞極性をモニターする新規チェックポイント機構をもつことを示唆した(EMBO J. 2002)。(2)進化上保存された分子(MO25様Pmo25、GCキナーゼNak1、Mor2、NDRキナーゼOrb6)が、細胞極性と細胞分離に重要な細胞形態形成ネットワーク(MOR)を構成することを見いだした。さらに、細胞質分裂の開始を制御するSINが、Pmo25の細胞内局在と細胞周期間期のNak1-Orb6キナーゼ活性を制御することを見いたした(EMBO J. 2005)。
    2 情報伝達経路によるG2-M期制御(出芽酵母):(1)エタノールの添加が、アクチン細胞骨格の一過的分散をともなうSwe1キナーゼ依存的G2期遅延を誘導することを見いだした。また、この機構が、細胞サイズコントロールに重要であることを示唆した(Biosci.Biotech.Biochem. 2004)。(2)zds1変異株のカルシウム依存的表現型(G2期遅延と極性成長)の抑圧変異遺伝子として、SAH1(S-adenosyl-L-methionine hydrolase)を同定した。解析の結果、S-adenosylmethionineがG1期制御に関与することがわかった(Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 2002)。(3)calcineurinとHOG-MAPK情報伝達経路が、G2-M期制御と細胞極性制御において、拮抗的に機能することを見いだした(J.Biol.Chem. 2004)。(4)Pkc1がカルシウムに応答して、Cln2のタンパクレベルの維持と出芽部位の極性成長に重要な機能を持つことを示した(J.Cell Sci. 2005)。

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  • 酵母の成長極性を関知・制御する新規チェックポイント機構

    研究課題/領域番号:13680787

    2001年 - 2003年

    制度名:科学研究費助成事業

    研究種目:基盤研究(C)

    提供機関:日本学術振興会

    平田 大

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    配分額:3100000円 ( 直接経費:3100000円 )

    成長極性と細胞増殖(分化・細胞周期)は厳密に連携制御されている。本研究では、分裂あるいは出芽によって増殖する酵母を使って、成長極性を関知・制御するチェックポイント機構の解明を目指した。
    1.分裂酵母において、ヒトのPP2AのB'補助因子のホモログを同定し、B'補助因子が、カルシニユーリンと機能的に相互作用し、M期制御を含む広範な細胞増殖制御に関与することが示唆された。
    2.分裂酵母において進化上保存されたWDタンパク質Wat1/Pop3を同定し、機能解析の結果、微小管の強度調節をとおし染色体の安定性と、mRNA成熟機構に重要であることが示唆された。
    3.出芽酵母においてG1期進行阻害剤・リベロマイシンAの細胞分子標的が、Isoleucyl-tRNA Synthetaseであることを分子遺伝学的解析により示した。
    4.分裂酵母の高温感受性の成長極性異常変異体mor2の解析から、原因遺伝子にコードされる新規タンパク質Mor2が、成長極性の維持と確立に重要であることを見い出した。mor2変異体では、細胞質微小管末端因子CLIP-170様タンパク質Tip1が細胞内に分散することから、Mor2は、細胞端の領域を限定するのに重要であることが示唆された。さらに、mor2変異は、高温で細胞周期G2期遅延を誘導し、その際、Wee1キナーゼが重要であることがわかった。
    5.主要な二つの情報伝達経路、Ca^<2+>情報伝達経路とHOG経路が、細胞増殖(出芽機構とM期開始)を拮抗的に制御すること見いだした。具体的には、Calcineurinが、出芽に先立つアクチン極性化とSwe1キナーゼの活性化を介しM期開始を阻害し、一方、HOG経路が、アクチン極性化後の出芽機構を活性化することによりM期開始を促進することを見いだした。

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  • 酵母の変異形質に基づく生理活性物質スクリーニング系の構築と利用

    研究課題/領域番号:11556017

    1999年 - 2002年

    制度名:科学研究費助成事業

    研究種目:基盤研究(B)

    提供機関:日本学術振興会

    宮川 都吉, 高橋 英俊, 平田 大

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    配分額:12300000円 ( 直接経費:12300000円 )

    研究室では1991年に出芽酵母のカルシニューリン(Ca^<2+>依存性プロテインホスファターゼ)触媒サブユニットをコードする遺伝子を世界に先駆けて取得して以来、その生理機能解明および本機構の医薬開発への応用展開に全力を傾注している。その後の研究において、Ca^<2+>シグナル伝達経路はG_2/M期の細胞周期エンジンCdc28/Clbを負に制御するSwe1キナーゼ活性化を通し、M期進入をブロックする機構を発見し、これが細胞周期"チェックポイント機構"として機能する可能性を提示した(Nature,392,303-306(1998))。この成果に基づいて、本経路における変異株を多数取得し解析することにより、チェックポイント機構の全貌解明および生理的意義解明を目指す研究を展開する一方、この経路を利用し新しい発想に基づく生理活性物質スクリーニング系を着想した。本研究により(1)スクリーニング条件の設定および高効率スクリーニング法の開発、(2)微生物培養液からのスクリーニング実施(3)ケミカルライブラリーからのスクリーニングを実施した。それぞれから候補物質が取得されたので、作用部位の特定を行った。さらに詳細な薬剤作用点の決定及び動物試験をする計画である。

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  • 酵母の細胞増殖と形態形成とを連携制御するチェックポイント機構

    研究課題/領域番号:11680701

    1999年 - 2000年

    制度名:科学研究費助成事業

    研究種目:基盤研究(C)

    提供機関:日本学術振興会

    平田 大

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    配分額:3800000円 ( 直接経費:3800000円 )

    形態形成と細胞増殖(分化・細胞周期)は厳密に連携制御されている。本研究では、出芽によって増殖する酵母と分裂によって増殖する酵母を使って、この分子機構(チェックポイント機構)の解明を目指した。
    1.分裂酵母の成長極性維持に重要なMok1の同定:スタウロスポリンに超感受性を示す球形変異体mok1について解析した。Mok1蛋白質はalpha-グルカン合成活性を持ち細胞壁合成に必須で、細胞周期依存的に成長極性領域に局在することがわかった。
    2.分裂酵母の新規微小管folding因子の同定:極性異常変異alpの解析から、微小管重合の際に重要なfolding因子、補因子B(Alp11)と補因子E(Alp21)を同定した。
    3.蛋白合成系と増殖制御系とが密接に関係する:過剰発現により成長極性異常を誘導する分裂酵母遺伝子として、蛋白合成に必須なペプチド鎖伸長因EF1αを取得した。蛋白合成系が直接、細胞骨格と相互作用し、形態形成・細胞周期制御に関与することが示唆された。
    4.出芽酵母のCa^<2+>情報伝達欠損株を利用した生理活性物質の新規スクリーニング系の開発:出芽酵母Ca^<2+>情報伝達欠損株は、特殊な遺伝的背景のもとで、特徴的な表現型を示す。この表現型を利用すれば、Ca^<2+>情報伝達経路の阻害物質が、選択可能であることを示した。
    5.分裂酵母における蛋白合成と細胞増殖とを連携制御する新規チェックポイント機構の発見:蛋白合成阻害が、細胞周期G2期の成長極性変換点NETOの遅延を誘導することを見いだした。蛋白合成阻害シグナルによって、Weelが転写および転写後調節のレベルで活性化されることを示した。
    6.出芽酵母において、GSK-3キナーゼMck1はカルシニューリンと協調して、Ca^<2+>によるHsl1キナーゼの分解・局在制御に重要である:Ca^<2+>情報伝達経路は、Swe1キナーゼの活性調節をとおし、細胞周期M期進入を制御する。今回、本経路に重要な分子として、GSK-3キナーゼMck1を同定した。解析の結果、Mck1とカルシニューリンは協調して、Hsl1の局在変化と蛋白分解に重要であることを示した。

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  • 酵母の多剤耐性における多様なABC蛋白の機能および発現制御ネットワーク

    研究課題/領域番号:10217208

    1998年 - 2002年

    制度名:科学研究費助成事業

    研究種目:特定領域研究

    提供機関:日本学術振興会

    宮川 都吉, 平田 大

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    配分額:36500000円 ( 直接経費:36500000円 )

    ABCトランスポーターが構造的に関連性のない非常に広範な薬剤を認識して排出する機構は不明である。
    出芽酵母においてフルサイズのABCトランスポーターは約15種類存在するが、多剤耐性現象においては、Pdr5 ABCトランスポーターが圧倒的に重要な役割を果たしている。Pdr5は、極めて多種薬剤を認識して細胞外排出する。酵母のPdr5はABCトランスポーター機能解析の良いモデルと考えられる。そこで、特定薬剤に対する特異性を喪失した変異pdr5遺伝子を取得し、遺伝学的に解析し、Pdr5による薬剤認識の機構を解析した。PDR5遺伝子ORFをヒドロキシルアミン処理したプラスミドにより、pdr5破壊株を形質転換した。シクロヘキシイミド、スタウロスポリン、トリフルオペラジンまたはセルレニンを含む培地で各薬剤に対する薬剤耐性を試験し、調べた薬剤のいずれかの薬剤に感受性を示す株をその薬剤に対する感受性を失った変異と予想し選抜した。合計7各PDR5遺伝子の変異点をシークエンスにより決定し、各種薬剤に対する耐性、感受性の試験をした。変異点はORF全体に分散しており、各薬剤に特定の部位で対応しているのではなく、ABCトランスポーターの全体構造で対応している可能性が示唆された。

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  • Ca^<2+>シグナルによる酵母の増殖制御に関する分子生物学的研究

    研究課題/領域番号:10460044

    1998年 - 2001年

    制度名:科学研究費助成事業

    研究種目:基盤研究(B)

    提供機関:日本学術振興会

    宮川 都吉, 水田 啓子, 平田 大

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    配分額:12700000円 ( 直接経費:12700000円 )

    我々が発見した、Ca^<2+>シグナルによる細胞周期G_2/M期制御機構の詳細を解析した。すでにCa^<2+>シグナルによる細胞周期制御に欠陥のあるscz変異株を多数取得しているが(14の相補グループに分類された)、そのうちの一つscz7変異遺伝子を詳細に解析した。scz7の表現型を相補する遺伝子を取得し解析した結果、scz7変異株はMCK1遺伝子(GSK-3ファミリープロテインキナーゼをコードする)における変異であることが明らかになった。Mck1を介するHsl1のタンパク質量の制御によるSwe1活性化機構の詳細を明らかにした。この成果は発表論文1に公表した。
    つぎに、同じスクリーニングで取得された変異遺伝子scz6について解析した。scz6はプロテインキナーゼCをコードするPKC1遺伝子の変異alleleであることを明らかにした。scz6変異は、zds1変異のCa^<2+>感受性表現型のうち、Ca^<2+>による増殖阻害、芽の極性成長を抑圧したが、G_2期遅延を戻すことができなかった。詳細な解析の結果、Ca^<2+>シグナルは、我々がすでに明らかにしたRho1を介するPkc1-MAPキナーゼカスケード活性化によるG_2期遅延誘導の他に、Rho2-Pkc1活性化によるG1サイクリン(Cln1/2)転写活性化による芽の極性成長を促進する新規経路が存在することを明らかにした。転写活性化は、転写因子Swi4を介して行われることも明らかにした。

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  • 酵母細胞を用いた細胞形態形成機構の分子遺伝学的解析

    研究課題/領域番号:09760090

    1997年 - 1998年

    制度名:科学研究費助成事業

    研究種目:奨励研究(A)

    提供機関:日本学術振興会

    平田 大

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    配分額:2500000円 ( 直接経費:2500000円 )

    細胞形態形成は、細胞周期や分化機構と連動し、また細胞内外の多様な情報伝達系を介する複雑な機構である。多細胞においても、形態形成を制御する多様な情報の最終到達点は一細胞そのものであり、それゆえ多細胞の形態形成を理解する上で、単一細胞である酵母の形態形成機構の解明が必須であると考えた。そこで、多細胞生物と同様の細胞質分裂と極性成長様式をとる分裂酵母をモデル系として、形態形成機構の分子遺伝学的解析を行った。具体的には、以下の二つのアプローチにより研究を進めた。
    (1) 分裂酵母の細胞形態異常変異体の解析
    (1)極性方向異常変異体alpの解析から、微小管の新規な変異体alp2,12を同定した。これらはα-微小管因子とβ-微小管因子の変異であった。さらに、これらの変異が致死となる原因が、チェックポイント機構からの逸脱か、あるいはチェックポイント機構を十分に活性化できないためか、のいずれかの可能性があることを提示した。この解析から、微小管の構造維持や機能発現が、細胞増殖と形態形成に重要であることを示した。
    (2)極性方向異常変異体alpの解析から、細胞増殖および微小管重合に必須なAlp1を同定した。Alp1は、細胞周期をとおし、微小管に局在し、微小管の機能発現に重要であることを示した。
    (2) 過剰発現により細胞形態異常を示す遺伝子の解析
    過剰発現時に異常形態を示す遺伝子を系統的に分離したところ、低分子量GTP結合蛋白質Rho2を取得した。解析により、Rho2は極性成長領域に局在し、成長極性と細胞壁合成に重要であることを明らかにした。

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  • 酵母細胞を用いた形態形成機構の分子遺伝学的解析

    研究課題/領域番号:08760088

    1996年

    制度名:科学研究費助成事業

    研究種目:奨励研究(A)

    提供機関:日本学術振興会

    平田 大

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    配分額:1000000円 ( 直接経費:1000000円 )

    形態形成機構は、細胞周期や分化機構と連動した生物の基本的事象の一つである。形態形成は細胞内外の様々な情報によって制御される複雑な機構であるが、それら多様な情報の最終到達点は一細胞そのものであることから、多細胞における形態形成機構を理解する上で、単細胞での解析が必須であると考えた。そこで、高等動物と同様の細胞質分裂および極性成長様式をとり、その極性が細胞周期に依存してダイナミックに変化する分裂酵母(Schizosaccharomyces pombe)をモデル系として、形態形成機構の分子遺伝学的解析を行った。
    今回の研究から新規な形成形成関連分子を数種同定した。(1)成長極性が欠損している変異体の原因遺伝子sts5を同定した結果、形態形成との関連性が示唆されていなかった進化上高度に保存された分子が明らかになった。遺伝学的解析から、Sts5蛋白質は、細胞周期間期における成長極性の維持に必須な遺伝子であり、他のMAPキナーゼ情報伝達系と密接に機能関連していることが示唆された。(2)成長極性における対称性の維持に欠損をもつ変異体の原因遺伝子alp2を同定した結果、Alp2蛋白質は微小管構成分子であった。alp2変異体は成長極性のみならず、細胞内オルガネラの分配異常も示すことから、極性成長における対称性の維持機構に細胞骨格系蛋白質が重要な機能を担うことを明らかにした。今回得られた結果より、分裂酵母の形態形成関連分子の解析が、高等動物の細胞形態を理解する上で極めて重要であることが示唆された。

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  • サッカロミセス酵母の耐塩機構に関する分子生物学的研究

    研究課題/領域番号:07456050

    1995年 - 1996年

    制度名:科学研究費助成事業

    研究種目:基盤研究(B)

    提供機関:日本学術振興会

    宮川 都吉, 平田 大

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    配分額:8200000円 ( 直接経費:8200000円 )

    酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiaeの細胞内カチオンホメオスタシスの維持機構について、以下を明らかにした。
    1.カルシニューリンとAキナーゼによる塩ストレス適応機構:
    高塩ストレス下に、細胞内塩濃度の上昇を抑える上で重要なNa+排出ポンプをコードする遺伝子ENA1の発現誘導は、カルシニューリンにより正に、A-キナーゼにより負に制御されていることを明らかにし、ENA1の発現制御機構のモデルを提示した。
    2.食塩感受性変異株の取得と解析:
    食塩感受性変異株を1370株取得し、30の相補グループに分類した。遺伝学的解析によりカルシニューリンの下流で機能することが予想される遺伝子について、遺伝子のクローニングを行なった。1.で述べた転写調節機構に関係すると予想される遺伝子も含まれていたので、これらの解析を行なっている。
    3.カルシニューリン破壊株の形質を抑圧する多コピーサプレッサーの解析:
    このスクリーニングにより、転写因子およびトランスポーターをコードすると予想される遺伝子がそれぞれ2個づつ取得されたので、遺伝子破壊によりそれぞれの機能の解析を進めている。

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  • 酵母のストレス応答におけるカルシニューリンの役割

    研究課題/領域番号:05268227

    1993年

    制度名:科学研究費助成事業

    研究種目:重点領域研究

    提供機関:日本学術振興会

    宮川 都吉, 平田 大

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    配分額:2500000円 ( 直接経費:2500000円 )

    酵母のCa^<2+>依存生プロテインホスファターゼ(カルシニューリン、PP2B)の触媒サブユニット(CMP1およびCMP2)、および調節サブユニット(CNB1)をコードする遺伝子を取得し、その生理機能を調べた。いずれも動物のPP2Bサブユニットに対し50%以上と高いアミノ酸同一性を有していたが、PP2Bサブユニットの破壊株はいずれも正常に増殖したことから、PP2Bは通常の増殖には必須でないことが明らかになった。しかし、PP2B破壊株は高NaCl、高LiCl、高pH培地およびバナジン酸を含む培地など細胞内イオンに影響するストレス下には生育不能であった。しかし、KCl,CaCl_2,MgCl_2を含む培地、および高濃度のソルビトールを含む高浸透圧培地での破壊株の生育は正常であったことから、一部のイオン(Na^+,Li^+およびH^+)に特異的な現象であることが明らかになった。高NaCl培地での細胞内Na^+およびK^+を測定した結果、培地の高NaClに抗して細胞内イオンの恒常性を維持するのにPP2Bが必須の役割を果していることが分かった。これらのストレス適応は免疫抑制剤(FK506やCyclosporin A)に感受性で、免疫抑制剤の結果は、対応するイムノフィリン(それぞれFKBP-12およびcyclophilin)依存的であった。免疫抑制剤存在下の細胞内イオンの動向はPP2B破壊株の場合と同様であった。

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  • 形態形成と細胞増殖との連携制御機構

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    資金種別:競争的資金

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  • Coordinated Regulation of Morphogenesis and Cell growth

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    資金種別:競争的資金

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