記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：American Association for the Advancement of Science  

Transport networks are ubiquitous in both social and biological systems. Robust network performance involves a complex trade-off involving cost, transport efficiency, and fault tolerance. Biological networks have been honed by many cycles of evolutionary selection pressure and are likely to yield reasonable solutions to such combinatorial optimization problems. Furthermore, they develop without centralized control and may represent a readily scalable solution for growing networks in general. We show that the slime mold Physarum polycephalum forms networks with comparable efficiency, fault tolerance, and cost to those of real-world infrastructure networks-in this case, the Tokyo rail system. The core mechanisms needed for adaptive network formation can be captured in a biologically inspired mathematical model that may be useful to guide network construction in other domains.

DOI： 10.1126/science.1177894

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER  

Single-celled organisms might be more intelligent than previously envisaged [1]-[5]. The acts of anticipating and recalling events are higher functions performed by the brains of higher animals; their evolutionary origins and the way they self-organize, however, remain open questions. Here we show that an amoeboid organism can anticipate the timing of periodic events. The plasmodium of the true slime mold Physarum polycephalum moves rapidly under favorable conditions, but stops moving when transferred to less-favorable conditions. For example, plasmodia exposed to low temperature and low humidity, presented in three consecutive pulses at constant intervals, reduced their locomotive speed in response to each episode. When favorable conditions were subsequently reintroduced, the plasmodia spontaneously reduced their locomotive speed at the point in time when the next unfavorable episode would have occurred. This implies that the plasmodia are able to anticipate impending environmental change. After this anticipatory response had been evoked several times, the locomotion of the plasmodia returned to normal speed; however, the slowing down could subsequently be induced by a single unfavorable pulse, implying recall of the periodicity that had been memorized. We have explored the mechanisms underlying this behavior from a dynamical systems perspective. Our results suggest that this primitive intelligence is of cellular origin and that simple dynamics might be sufficient to explain its emergence. abstract environment.

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC  

DOI： 10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.09.070

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

査読付原著論文インパクトファクター(7.37)被引用回数(51)When plasmodia of the true slime mold Physarum were exposed to unfavorable conditions presented asthree consecutive pulses at constant intervals, they reduced their locomotive speed in response to eachepisode. When the plasmodia were subsequently subjected to favorable conditions, they spontaneouslyreduced their locomotive speed at the time when the next unfavorable episode would have occurred. Thisimplied the anticipation of impending environmental change. We explored the mechanisms underlyingthese types of behavior from a dynamical systems perspective.

DOI： 10.1103/physrevlett.100.018101

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その他リンク： http://harvest.aps.org/v2/journals/articles/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.018101/fulltext

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：AMER PHYSICAL SOC  

When two food sources are presented to the slime mold Physarum in the dark, a thick tube for absorbing nutrients is formed that connects the food sources through the shortest route. When the light-avoiding organism is partially illuminated, however, the tube connecting the food sources follows a different route. Defining risk as the experimentally measurable rate of light-avoiding movement, the minimum-risk path is exhibited by the organism, determined by integrating along the path. A model for an adaptive-tube network is presented that is in good agreement with the experimental observations.

DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.068104

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：AMER INST PHYSICS  

The amoeboid organism of true slime mold, the plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum, had capacity of memorizing a periodic event. The organism. showed vigorous locomotion in the favorite conditions. When stimulation of the unfavorable conditions was given in a pulse-like regime and was repeated three times at interval of 60 minutes, the amoeba reduced the locomotion speed in response to each pulse. Even though the favorite conditions were kept to be constant after the periodic pulses, the amoeba spontaneously reduced the locomotion speed at the timing of next pulse (after 60 minutes). This means that the amoeba anticipated the next environmental change.

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