記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual and Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and social (pragmatic) communication disorder (SCD) were described as a new category of psychiatry nosography. SCD involves impairments in social communication and social interaction but not restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. The autism spectrum quotient (AQ) was developed to screen for autism tendencies in adults with normal intelligence. However, AQ cutoff scores for screening ASD and SCD in the DSM-5 have not been established. This study examined whether the Japanese version of the AQ (AQ-J) total scores could discriminate between an ASD group, an SCD group, and a neurotypical (NT) group. METHODS: Participants were 127 ASD patients, 52 SCD patients, and 49 NT individuals. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to examine AQ-J total score cutoff values to distinguish between ASD and NT groups, SCD and NT groups, and ASD and SCD groups. RESULTS: In the ROC analysis for the ASD and NT groups, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.96, and the optimum cutoff value was 23 points (sensitivity 92.9%, specificity 85.7%). The AUC for the SCD and NT groups was 0.89, and the optimum cutoff value was 22 points (sensitivity 84.6%, specificity 85.7%). The AUC for the ASD and SCD groups was 0.75; the optimum cutoff value was 32 points (sensitivity 67.7%, specificity 71.2%). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest the usefulness of the AQ-J in screening for ASD and SCD.

DOI： 10.1186/s12888-023-05362-y

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Atomoxetine (ATX) is used as a first-line, non-stimulant treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), although no studies have systematically examined the relationship between plasma concentration and clinical efficacy. We conducted this non-randomized prospective interventional study to examine the relationship between plasma concentration of ATX and clinical efficacy. METHODS: Forty-three ADHD pediatric patients received ATX, and the steady-state through plasma concentration of the last daily dose that was maintained for at least 4 weeks were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: The receiver operating characteristic curve suggested that when plasma concentration exceeded 64.60 ng/mL, scores on the ADHD-Rating Scale improved by 50% or more (P = .14). Although 6 of the 8 final responders were unresponsive at the initial dose (.72 ± .04 mg/kg [mean ± standard deviation]), they responded after increasing the ATX dose to the final dose (1.52 ± .31 mg/kg). Excluding 7 outlier participants, the concentration was 83.3 ± 32.3 ng/mL in 7 responders and was significantly higher than 29.5 ± 23.9 ng/mL (P < .01) for the 29 non-responders. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a minimum effective plasma concentration of ATX is required to achieve sufficient clinical efficacy. We hypothesized a mechanism that results in the realization of a clinical effect when the plasma concentration exceeds a certain threshold in the potential response group, whereas will not improve even if the plasma concentration is increased in the unqualified non-responder group.

DOI： 10.1097/MD.0000000000026552

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Objective: We conducted this non-randomized prospective interventional study to clarify the relationship between improved attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and regional brain activity. Methods: Thirty-one adult patients underwent near-infrared spectroscopy examinations during a go/no-go task, both before and 8 weeks after atomoxetine administration. Results: Clinical symptoms, neuropsychological results of the go/no-go task, and bilateral lateral prefrontal activity significantly changed. A positive correlation was observed between right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity and Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales scores. Before atomoxetine administration, no correlations between prefrontal cortex activity and clinical symptoms were observed in all cases. When participants were divided into atomoxetine-responder and non-responder groups, a positive correlation was observed between prefrontal cortex activity and clinical symptoms in the non-responder group before treatment but not in the responder group, suggesting that non-responders can activate the prefrontal cortex without atomoxetine. Conclusions: Individuals with increased ADHD symptoms appear to recruit the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex more strongly to perform the same task than those with fewer symptoms. In clinical settings, individuals with severe symptoms are often observed to perform more difficultly when performing the tasks which individuals with mild symptoms can perform easily. The atomoxetine-responder group was unable to properly activate the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex when necessary, and the oral administration of atomoxetine enabled these patients to activate this region. In brain imaging studies of heterogeneous syndromes such as ADHD, the analytical strategy used in this study, involving drug-responsivity grouping, may effectively increase the signal-to-noise ratio.

DOI： 10.3389/fnhum.2021.755025

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本小児精神神経学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

A patient with medication resistant schizophrenia underwent modified electroconvulsive therapy (12 sessions). Propofol was chosen as a hypnotic agent and the adjustment of its dose and stimulus intensity was attempted. However, despite using propofol of a dose minimally required for hypnosis, adequate seizures could not be induced even with the maximum stimulation. Assuming that propofol was preventing the induction of seizures, it was decided to reduce its dose and at the same time to combine it with remifentanil 100 μg starting from the fifth session. This allowed to reach the seizure adequacy during the next and the four subsequent sessions. Although from the tenth session on, adequate seizures could no longer be induced (possibly due to the development of resistance to propofol), the patient's symptoms showed improvement after completion of all 12 sessions.

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：新潟医学会  

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/default/link?pub_year=2021&ichushi_jid=J00990&link_issn=&doc_id=20220705050014&doc_link_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10191%2F0002000700&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10191%2F0002000700&type=%E6%96%B0%E6%BD%9F%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%EF%BC%9A%E6%96%B0%E6%BD%9F%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%AD%A6%E8%A1%93%E3%83%AA%E3%83%9D%E3%82%B8%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA_Nuar&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F80230_3.gif

記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本小児精神神経学会  

【目的】自閉スペクトラム症の視線認知における脳内基盤解明を目指し，定型発達の視線認知活動を捉えることを目的とした．【対象と方法】定型発達3名を対象として視線認知課題中の脳活動を脳磁図（MEG）で記録した．課題では，研究対象者に「手がかり刺激が示す方向に従い，左右どちらかに呈示される標的刺激へ視線を移動する」よう教示した．手がかり刺激には，側方視した両眼の写真（Gaze条件）と矢印図形（Arrow条件）の2種類を用意した．脳磁図の解析は，刺激呈示から－100 ～ 700 msの区間を，2条件それぞれ約128回加算平均した．結果をSPM12によりMSP法を用いて分布電流源推定を行った．【結果】Gaze条件では，刺激呈示後160 ～ 200 msで顔および視線の動きに特有の反応であるM170がみられた．これらの活動は紡錘状回および上側頭溝付近にみられた．【結語】Gaze条件で「視線の動き」を認知する脳活動が観察されたため，本課題により視線認知における脳内活動を検出できる可能性が示唆された．

DOI： 10.24782/jsppn.60.4_299

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2021120254

出版者・発行元：三輪書店  

DOI： 10.11477/mf.5001202175

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本小児精神神経学会  

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