Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

AIM: Significant, positive correlations between internet gaming disorder (IGD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are known. Individuals with ASD are prone to problematic internet use due to addiction or restricted interests. Here, we examined cortical neural activity in individuals with IGD comorbid with ASD during a gaming-related cue reactivity task, using magnetoencephalography (MEG). METHODS: MEG was used to record neural activity in right-handed male participants aged 11-20 years (11 IGD-ASD, 13 healthy controls; intelligence quotient [IQ] ≥ 80). IGD and ASD were diagnosed per DSM-5-TR criteria. During MEG recording, participants viewed gaming cues and neutral base stimuli in a cue reactivity task. Source-level cortical activity was estimated using minimum norm estimation (MNE), and statistical comparisons were performed using two-tailed nonparametric permutation tests with false discovery rate (FDR) correction. RESULTS: In the IGD-ASD group, neural activity was significantly elevated at 137 ms in the right fusiform gyrus during gaming cues compared with the base condition (p = 0.000039). Between-group comparisons under cue conditions (200-270 ms) showed higher right frontal activation (p = 0.0028) and lower activation in left lateral occipital (p = 0.000092), fusiform (p = 0.00025), lingual (p = 0.0017), and parahippocampal regions (p = 0.000049) in the IGD-ASD group compared with controls. CONCLUSION: The IGD-ASD group showed increased right frontal activity and decreased left occipital, fusiform, lingual, and parahippocampal activity during exposure to the gaming cue, suggesting atypical visual and cognitive processing mechanisms in this comorbid group. Further studies comparing individuals with ASD and those with IGD-ASD, as well as by examining the neurophysiological characteristics of individuals with ASD who develop or recover from IGD, might clarify the pathology of these populations.

DOI： 10.1002/pcn5.70312

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Frontiers Media SA  

Objectives

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can significantly impact multiple life conditions across the lifespan. Reliable clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are crucial for the clinical decision-making for the diagnosis and management of ADHD. This study aimed to assess the quality of current CPGs for the diagnosis and management of ADHD.

Methods

We conducted a systematic literature search within Pubmed, Google Scholar, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Dynamed, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), and other local and online databases started January 19, 2022. We assessed the guideline quality using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument. All of the included guidelines were critically appraised by five independent reviewers. We also evaluated the interrater reliability of each AGREE II domain and the overall domain score by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) using IBM SPSS Statistics version 28.

Results

A total of 11 CPGs were included in the study. The majority of the CPGs achieved the highest score in domain 4 “Clarity of Presentation” (mean ± standard deviation, 73.73% ± 12.5%). The domains that achieved the lowest scores were domains 5 “Applicability” (mean ± standard deviation, 45.18% ± 16.4%) and 3 “Rigor of Development” (mean ± standard deviation, 51.09% ± 24.1%). The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), NICE, and the Malaysian Health Technology Assessment Section (MAHTAS) CPGs were identified as the strongly recommended guidelines. All AGREE II domains yielded varied interrater reliability results; the full domain ICC ranged from 0.265 (95% confidence interval, −0.470 to 0.665) to 0.758 (95% confidence interval, 0.515 to 0.889).

Conclusions

Our appraisal indicated that the quality of current ADHD guidelines is varied, and three CPGs were classified as strongly recommended. Our findings offer relevant healthcare providers valuable insight into the appropriate selection of ADHD guidelines in clinical practice.

Systematic review registration

https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-8-0001/, identifier INPLASY202280001

DOI： 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1576538

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

AIM: Oral function in patients with schizophrenia has not been well-characterized. To address this, we performed a cross-sectional study of oral function in Japanese inpatients with schizophrenia. METHODS: We measured oral function, including occlusal force, tongue-lip motor function, tongue pressure, and masticatory function in 130 Japanese inpatients with schizophrenia. We then compared the frequency of clinical signs of oral hypofunction among 63 non-elderly and 67 elderly inpatients with schizophrenia, as well as data from 98 elderly control participants from a previous Japanese study. RESULTS: The frequency of reduced occlusal force was significantly higher in the elderly inpatients (76.2%) than in the non-elderly inpatients (43.9%) and elderly controls (43.9%). The frequency of decreased tongue-lip motor function in non-elderly inpatients (96.8%) and elderly inpatients (97.0%) was significantly higher than that in elderly controls (56.1%). The frequency of decreased tongue pressure in non-elderly inpatients (66.1%) and elderly inpatients (80.7%) was significantly higher than that in elderly controls (43.9%). Finally, the frequency of decreased masticatory function was highest in elderly inpatients (76.5%), followed by non-elderly inpatients (54.8%) and elderly controls (15.3%). CONCLUSION: Oral function was decreased in both non-elderly and elderly Japanese inpatients with schizophrenia compared with elderly controls.

DOI： 10.1002/npr2.12443

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

BACKGROUND: In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual and Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and social (pragmatic) communication disorder (SCD) were described as a new category of psychiatry nosography. SCD involves impairments in social communication and social interaction but not restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. The autism spectrum quotient (AQ) was developed to screen for autism tendencies in adults with normal intelligence. However, AQ cutoff scores for screening ASD and SCD in the DSM-5 have not been established. This study examined whether the Japanese version of the AQ (AQ-J) total scores could discriminate between an ASD group, an SCD group, and a neurotypical (NT) group. METHODS: Participants were 127 ASD patients, 52 SCD patients, and 49 NT individuals. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to examine AQ-J total score cutoff values to distinguish between ASD and NT groups, SCD and NT groups, and ASD and SCD groups. RESULTS: In the ROC analysis for the ASD and NT groups, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.96, and the optimum cutoff value was 23 points (sensitivity 92.9%, specificity 85.7%). The AUC for the SCD and NT groups was 0.89, and the optimum cutoff value was 22 points (sensitivity 84.6%, specificity 85.7%). The AUC for the ASD and SCD groups was 0.75; the optimum cutoff value was 32 points (sensitivity 67.7%, specificity 71.2%). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest the usefulness of the AQ-J in screening for ASD and SCD.

DOI： 10.1186/s12888-023-05362-y

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

PURPOSE: There is little evidence regarding the effects of dental status on body mass index (BMI) in inpatients with schizophrenia. Thus, we performed a cross-sectional study to explore the associations between the number of remaining teeth and BMI in Japanese inpatients with schizophrenia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed multiple regression analysis to assess the effects of potential predictors (age, sex, number of remaining teeth, number of antipsychotics prescribed, chlorpromazine equivalent dose, and antipsychotic type) on BMI in 212 inpatients with schizophrenia. We then compared the number of remaining teeth between inpatients with schizophrenia and the Japanese general population (3283 individuals) from the Japan Dental Diseases Survey 2016, using an analysis of covariance with age and sex as covariates. RESULTS: Multiple regression analysis showed that the number of remaining teeth and the number of antipsychotics prescribed were significantly correlated with BMI (standardized regression coefficient = 0.201 and 0.235, respectively). In the analysis of covariance, inpatients with schizophrenia had significantly fewer remaining teeth compared with the Japanese general population (mean 14.8 [standard deviation: 10.9] vs mean 23.0 [standard deviation: 8.1]). CONCLUSION: These results suggested that tooth loss and antipsychotic polypharmacy affect BMI in inpatients with schizophrenia, and that inpatients with schizophrenia lose more teeth compared with the general population.

DOI： 10.2147/NDT.S387724

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