掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  

Optical investigation and manipulation constitute the core of biological experiments. Here, we introduce a new borosilicate glass material that contains the rare-earth ion terbium(III) (Tb³⁺), which emits green fluorescence upon blue light excitation, similar to green fluorescent protein (GFP), and thus is widely compatible with conventional biological research environments. Micropipettes made of Tb³⁺-doped glass allowed us to target GFP-labeled cells for single-cell electroporation, single-cell transcriptome analysis (Patch-seq), and patch-clamp recording under real-time fluorescence microscopic control. The glass also exhibited potent third harmonic generation upon infrared laser excitation and was usable for online optical targeting of fluorescently labeled neurons in the in vivo neocortex. Thus, Tb³⁺-doped glass simplifies many procedures in biological experiments.

DOI： 10.1126/sciadv.abd2529

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Elsevier {BV}  

The effect of excitatory synaptic input on the excitation of the cell body is believed to vary depending on where and when the synaptic activation occurs in dendritic trees and the spatiotemporal modulation by inhibitory synaptic input. However, few studies have examined how individual synaptic inputs influence the excitability of the cell body in spontaneously active neuronal networks mainly because of the lack of an appropriate method. We developed a calcium imaging technique that monitors synaptic inputs to hundreds of spines from a single neuron with millisecond resolution in combination with whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of somatic excitation. In rat hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons ex vivo, a fraction of the excitatory synaptic inputs were not detectable in the cell body against background noise. These synaptic inputs partially restored their somatic impact when a GABAA receptor blocker was intracellularly perfused. Thus, GABAergic inhibition reduces the influence of some excitatory synaptic inputs on the somatic excitability. Numerical simulation using a single neuron model demonstrates that the timing and locus of a dendritic GABAergic input are critical to exert this

DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2018.09.014

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その他リンク： https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30243908

DOI： 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.015

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DOI： 10.1002/hipo.23064

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DOI： 10.1097/WNR.0000000000001178

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Elsevier {BV}  

Social deficits are one of the major symptoms of psychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and schizophrenia. However, the underlying mechanism remains ill-defined. Here, we focused on the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a brain region that is related to social behaviors, of mice that received poly(I:C)-induced maternal immune activation. Offspring born from poly(I:C)-treated dams exhibited social deficits in a three-chamber task at juvenile stages. Using whole-cell patch clamp recordings, we found that layer 2/3 pyramidal cells were hyperactive in acute ACC slices prepared from poly(I:C)-treated mice compared to those from saline-treated mice. The hyperexcitation was associated with a reduction in inhibitory synapse activity. Local injection of the GABAA receptor enhancer clonazepam into the ACC of poly(I:C)-treated mice restored the social behaviors of the mice. These results suggest that the balanced excitability of ACC neurons is essential for social ability.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.06.006

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Alcohol is a traditional social-bonding reinforcer; however, the neural mechanism underlying ethanol-driven social behaviors remains elusive. Here, we report that ethanol facilitates observational fear response. Observer mice exhibited stronger defensive immobility while observing cagemates that received repetitive foot shocks if the observer mice had experienced a brief priming foot shock. This enhancement was associated with an observation-induced recruitment of subsets of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) neurons in the observer mouse that were responsive to its own pain. The vicariously activated ACC neurons projected their axons preferentially to the basolateral amygdala. Ethanol shifted the ACC neuronal balance toward inhibition, facilitated the preferential ACC neuronal recruitment during observation, and enhanced observational fear response, independent of an oxytocin signaling pathway. Furthermore, ethanol enhanced socially evoked fear response in autism model mice.

DOI： 10.1038/s41467-018-05894-y

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その他リンク： http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1575-6030

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：American Association for the Advancement of Science ({AAAS})  

The specific effects of sleep on synaptic plasticity remain unclear. We report that mouse hippocampal sharp-wave ripple oscillations serve as intrinsic events that trigger long-lasting synaptic depression. Silencing of sharp-wave ripples during slow-wave states prevented the spontaneous down-regulation of net synaptic weights and impaired the learning of new memories. The synaptic down-regulation was dependent on the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor and selective for a specific input pathway. Thus, our findings are consistent with the role of slow-wave states in refining memory engrams by reducing recent memory-irrelevant neuronal activity and suggest a previously unrecognized function for sharp-wave ripples.

DOI： 10.1126/science.aao0702

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1002/hipo.22657

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.3923/ijp.2015.318.326

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Spontaneous neuronal activity is present in virtually all brain regions, but neither its function nor spatiotemporal patterns are fully understood. Ex vivo organotypic slice cultures may offer an opportunity to investigate some aspects of spontaneous activity, because they self-restore their networks that collapsed during slicing procedures. In hippocampal networks, we compared the levels and patterns of in vivo spontaneous activity to those in acute and cultured slices. We found that the firing rates and excitatory synaptic activity in the in vivo hippocampus are more similar to those in slice cultures compared to acute slices. The soft confidence-weighted algorithm, a machine learning technique without human bias, also revealed that hippocampal slice cultures resemble the in vivo hippocampus in terms of the overall tendency of the parameters of spontaneous activity.

DOI： 10.1007/s12576-014-0337-4

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