Language：English   Publisher：Publication Office, Progress of Theoretical Physics  

The antifield formalism adapted in the exact renormalization group is found to be useful for describing a system with some symmetry, especially the gauge symmetry. In the formalism, the vanishing of the quantum master operator implies the presence of a symmetry. The QM operator satisfies a simple algebraic relation that will be shown to be related to the Wess-Zumino condition for anomalies. We also explain how an anomaly contributes to the QM operator.

DOI： 10.1143/PTP.125.565

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE  

The antifield formalism adapted in the exact renormalization group is found to be useful for describing a system with some symmetry, especially the gauge symmetry. In the formalism, the vanishing of the quantum master operator implies the presence of a symmetry. The QM operator satisfies a simple algebraic relation that will be shown to be related to the Wess-Zumino condition for anomalies. We also explain how an anomaly contributes to the QM operator.

DOI： 10.1143/PTP.125.565

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Language：English   Publisher：PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE  

We review the use of the exact renormalization group for realization of symmetry in renormalizable field theories. The review consists of three parts. In part 1 ( 2-4), we start with the perturbative construction of a renormalizable field theory as a solution of the exact renormalization group (ERG) differential equation. We show how to characterize renormalizability by an appropriate asymptotic behavior of the solution for a large momentum cutoff. Renormalized parameters are introduced to control the asymptotic behavior. In part II ( 5-9), we introduce two formalisms to incorporate symmetry: one by imposing the Ward-Takahashi identity, and the other by imposing the generalized Ward-Takahashi identity via sources that generate symmetry transformations. We apply the two formalisms to concrete models such as QED, YM theories, and the Wess-Zumino model in four dimensions, and the O(N) non-linear sigma model in two dimensions. We end this part with calculations of the abelian axial and chiral anomalies. In part III ( 10 and 11), we overview the Batalin-Vilkovisky formalism adapted to the Wilson action of a bare theory with a UV cutoff. We provide a few appendices to give details and extensions that can be omitted for the understanding of the main text. The last appendix is a quick summary for the reader's convenience.

DOI： 10.1143/PTPS.181.1

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE  

We give a functional derivation of the Ward-Takahashi identity for Yang-Mills theory in the framework of the exact renormalizationn group. The identity realizes non-abelian gauge symmetry nontrivially despite the presence of a momentum cutoff. The cutoff deforms the gauge transformation by introducing composite operators. In our functional method, which is an extension of the method used in our previous work in QED, these composite operators are expressed in terms of the Wilson action that depends on both a UV cutoff and an IR. cutoff.

DOI： 10.1143/PTP.120.1017

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Language：English   Publisher：Published for the Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics and the Physical Society of Japan  

We give a functional derivation of the Ward-Takahashi identity for Yang-Mills theory in the framework of the exact renormalization group. The identity realizes non-abelian gauge symmetry nontrivially despite the presence of a momentum cutoff. The cutoff deforms the gauge transformation by introducing composite operators. In our functional method, which is an extension of the method used in our previous work on QED, these composite operators are expressed in terms of the Wilson action that depends on both a UV cutoff and an IR cutoff.

DOI： 10.1143/PTP.120.1017

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE  

Recently, one of us (H. S.) gave an explicit form of the Ward-Takahashi identity for the Wilson action of QED. We first rederive the identity using a functional method. The identity makes it possible to realize the gauge symmetry even in the presence of a momentum cutoff. In the cutoff dependent realization, the nilpotency of the BRS transformation is lost. Using the Batalin-Vilkovisky formalism, we extend the Wilson action by including the antifield contributions. Then, the Ward-Takahashi identity for the Wilson action is lifted to a quantum master equation, and the modified BRS transformation regains nilpotency. We also obtain a flow equation for the extended Wilson action.

DOI： 10.1143/PTP.118.121

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Language：English   Publisher：Published for the Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics and the Physical Society of Japan  

Recently, one of us (H. S.) gave an explicit form of the Ward-Takahashi identity for the Wilson action of QED. We first rederive the identity using a functional method. The identity makes it possible to realize the gauge symmetry even in the presence of a momentum cutoff. In the cutoff dependent realization, the nilpotency of the BRS transformation is lost. Using the Batalin-Vilkovisky formalism, we extend the Wilson action by including the antifield contributions. Then, the Ward-Takahashi identity for the Wilson action is lifted to a quantum master equation, and the modified BRS transformation regains nilpotency. We also obtain a flow equation for the extended Wilson action.

DOI： 10.1143/PTP.118.121

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IOP PUBLISHING LTD  

The infra-red cutoff used in the Wilsonian RG is often incompatible with standard realization of symmetries. We consider a new realization of the chiral symmetry in a fermionic self-interacting system with a regularization that breaks the symmetry. The cutoff dependent symmetry is characterized by the master equation in the Batalin-Vilkovisky antifield formalism. We also explain how the Polchinski RG flow equation respects symmetries. In particular, we discuss the properties of the Polchinski equation under the cutoff dependent chiral symmetry.

DOI： 10.1088/0305-4470/39/35/S15

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE  

The global symmetry generated by K. is a subgroup of the stringy gauge symmetry. We explore the part of the vacuum manifold related by this symmetry. Strong evidence is presented that the analytic classical solutions to the cubic string field theory found earlier in Refs. 5) [T. Takahashi and S. Tanimoto, J. High Energy Phys. 03 (2002), 033; hep-th/0202133] and 6) [I. Kishimoto and T. Takahashi, Prog. Theor. Phys. 108 (2002), 591; hep-th/0205275] are actually related by the symmetry and, therefore, all of them describe the same tachyon vacuum. Some remaining subtlety is pointed out.

DOI： 10.1143/PTP.114.1269

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Language：English   Publisher：Published for the Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics and the Physical Society of Japan  

The global symmetry generated by K_n is a subgroup of the stringy gauge symmetry. We explore the part of the vacuum manifold related by this symmetry. Strong evidence is presented that the analytic classical solutions to the cubic string field theory found earlier in Refs. 5)[T. Takahashi and S. Tanimoto, J. High Energy Phys. 03 (2002), 033; hep-th/0202133] and 6)[I. Kishimoto and T. Takahashi, Prog. Theor. Phys. 108 (2002), 591; hep-th/0205275] are actually related by the symmetry and, therefore, all of them describe the same tachyon vacuum. Some remaining subtlety is pointed out.

DOI： 10.1143/PTP.114.1269

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Language：English   Publisher：Published for the Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics and the Physical Society of Japan  

We present a new formulation of a staggered fermion on a D-dimensional lattice based on the SO(2D) Clifford algebra, which is naturally contained in the action. The action of a massless staggered fermion is invariant under discrete rotations and SO(2D) chiral and other discrete transformations. From the transformation properties of the fermion, we find two local meson operators (one scalar and one pseudoscalar), in addition to two standard meson operators.

DOI： 10.1143/PTP.114.631

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Language：English   Publisher：Published for the Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics and the Physical Society of Japan  

Earlier an analytic approach is proposed for classical solutions describing tachyon vacuum in open string field theory. Based on the approach, we construct a certain class of classical solutions written in terms of holomorphic functions with higher order zeros. Taking the simplest among the new classical solutions, we study the cohomology of the new BRS charge and make a numerical analysis of the vacuum energy. The results indicate that the new non-trivial solution is another analytic candidate for the tachyon vacuum.

DOI： 10.1143/PTP.114.695

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics  

Earlier an analytic approach is proposed for classical solutions describing tachyon vacuum in open string field theory. Based on the approach, we construct a certain class of classical solutions written in terms of holomorphic functions with higher order zeros. Taking the simplest among the new classical solutions, we study the cohomology of the new BRS charge and make a numerical analysis of the vacuum energy. The results indicate that the new non-trivial solution is another analytic candidate for the tachyon vacuum.

DOI： 10.1143/PTP.114.695

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics  

We present a new formulation of a staggered fermion on a D-dimensional lattice based on the SO(2D] Clifford algebra, which is naturally contained in the action. The action of a massless staggered fermion is invariant under discrete rotations and SO(2D) chiral and other discrete transformations. From the transformation properties of the fermion, we find two local meson operators (one scalar and one pseudoscalar), in addition to two standard meson operators.

DOI： 10.1143/PTP.114.631

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arXiv

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER  

We present a lattice theory with an exact fermionic symmetry, which mixes the link and the fermionic variables. The staggered fermionic variables may be reconstructed into a Majorana fermion in the continuum limit. The gauge action has a novel structure. Though it is the ordinary plaquette action, two different couplings are assigned in the "Ichimatsu pattern" or the checkered pattern. In the naive continuum limit, the fermionic symmetry survives as a continuum (or an O(a(0))) symmetry. The transformation of the fermion is proportional to the field strength multiplied by the difference of the two gauge couplings in this limit. This work is an extension of our recently proposed cell model toward the realization of supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory on lattice.

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We present an entirely new approach toward a realization of supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory on the lattice. The action consists of the staggered fermion and the plaquette variables distributed in the Euclidean space with a particular pattern. The system is shown to have fermionic symmetries relating the fermion and link variables.

DOI： 10.1143/PTP.108.363

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arXiv

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Language：English   Publisher：Published for the Research Institute for Fundamental Physics by Physical Society of Japan  

We present an entirely new approach toward a realization of supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory on the lattice. The action consists of the staggered fermion and the plaquette variables distributed in the Euclidean space with a particular pattern. The system is shown to have fermionic symmetries relating the fermion and link variables.

DOI： 10.1143/PTP.108.363

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

We present a method to solve the master equation for the Wilsonian action in the antifield formalism. This is based on a representation theory for cutoff-dependent global symmetries along the Wilsonian renormalization group (RG) flow. For the chiral symmetry, the master equation for the free theory yields a continuum version of the Ginsparg-Wilson relation. We construct chiral invariant operators describing fermionic self-interactions. The use of canonically transformed variables is shown to simplify the underlying algebraic structure of the symmetry. We also give another non-trivial example, a realization of SU(2) vector symmetry. Our formalism may be used for a non-perturbative truncation of the Wilsonian action preserving global symmetries. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/S0370-2693(01)01461-7

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arXiv

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC  

In the optimal velocity model with a time lag, we show that there appear multiple exact solutions in some ranges of car density, describing a metastable uniform flow, a metastable congested flow, and an unstable congested flow. This establishes the presence of subcritical Hopf bifurcations. Our analytical results have implications for continuum traffic flow, such as hysteresis phenomena associated with discontinuous transitions between uniform and congested flow.

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Using the Pauli-Villars regularization, we make a perturbative analysis of<br />
the quantum master equation (QME), $\Sigma =0$, for the Wilsonian effective<br />
action. It is found that the QME for the UV action determines whether exact<br />
gauge symmetry is realized along the renormalization group (RG) flow. The basic<br />
task of solving the QME can be reduced to compute the Troost-van<br />
Niuwenhuizen-Van Proyen jacobian factor for the classical UV action. When the<br />
QME cannot be satisfied, the non-vanishing $\Sigma$ is proportional to a BRS<br />
anomaly, which is shown to be preserved along the RG flow. To see how the UV<br />
action fulfills the QME in anomaly free theory, we calculate the jacobian<br />
factor for a pure Yang-Mills theory in four dimensions.

DOI： 10.1088/1126-6708/2001/10/032

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arXiv

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Language：English   Publisher：一般社団法人 日本物理学会  

Recently we made a proposal for realization of an effective BRS symmetry along the Wilsonian renormalization group flow. In this paper we show that the idea can be naturally extended to the most general gauge theories. Extensive use of the antifield formalism is made to reveal some remarkable structure of the effective BRS symmetry. The average action, defined with a continuum analog of the block spin transformation, obeys the quantum master equation (QME), provided that a UV action does so. We show that the RG flow described by the exact flow equations is generated by canonical transformations in the field-antifield space. Using the relation between the average action and the Legendre effective action, we establish the equivalence between the QME for the average action and the modified Ward-Takahashi identity for the Legendre action. The QME remains intact when the regularization is removed.

DOI： 10.1143/PTP.106.149

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Recently we made a proposal for realization of an effective BRS symmetry along the Wilsonian renormalization group flow. In this paper we show that the idea can be naturally extended to the most general gauge theories. Extensive use of the antifield formalism is made to reveal some remarkable structure of the effective BRS symmetry. The average action, defined with a continuum analog of the block spin transformation, obeys the quantum master equation (QME), provided that a UV action does so. We show that the RG flow described by the exact flow equations is generated by canonical transformations in the field-antifield space. Using the relation between the average action and the Legendre effective action, we establish the equivalence between the QME for the average action and the modified Ward-Takahashi identity for the Legendre action. The QME remains intact when the regularization is removed.

DOI： 10.1143/PTP.106.149

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arXiv

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD  

We show that the BRS symmetry is present even with the finite IR cutoff in the Wilsonian RG approach. Based on the antifield formalism, we explain how the symmetry is realized on the RG few.

DOI： 10.1142/S0217751X01004682

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

In the optimal velocity model with a time lag, we show that there appear multiple exact solutions in some ranges of car density, describing a metastable uniform flow, a metastable congested flow, and an unstable congested flow. This establishes the presence of subcritical Hopf bifurcations. Our analytical results have implications for continuum traffic flow, such as hysteresis phenomena associated with discontinuous transitions between uniform and congested flow.

DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevE.64.047102

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Language：English   Publisher：Published for the Research Institute for Fundamental Physics by Physical Society of Japan  

Using the average action, defined with a continuum analog of the block spin transformation, we demonstrate the presence of a gauge wymmetry along the Wilsonian renormalization group flow. As a reflection of this gauge symmetry, the average action satisfies the quantum master equation(QME). We show that the quantum part of the master equation can be naturally understood, once the measure contribution under the BRS transformation is taken into account. Furthermore, an effective BRS transformation acting on macroscopic fields may be defined from the QME. The average action is explicitly evaluated in terms of the saddle point approximation up to one-loop order. It is confirmed that the action satisfies the QME and the flow equation.

DOI： 10.1143/PTP.104.1053

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

We show that symmetries are preserved exactly along the (Wilsonian) renormalization group flow, though the IR cutoff deforms concrete forms of the transformations. For a gauge theory the cutoff dependent Ward-Takahashi identity is written as the master equation in the antifield formalism: one may read off the renormalized BRS transformation from the master equation. The Maxwell theory is studied explicitly to see how it works. The renormalized BRS transformation becomes non-Local but keeps off-Shell nilpotency. Our formalism is applicable for a generic global symmetry. The master equation considered for the chiral symmetry provides us with the continuum analog of the Ginsparg-Wilson relation and the Luscher'S symmetry. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.

DOI： 10.1016/S0370-2693(00)00305-1

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arXiv

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics  

Using the average action, defined with a continuum analog of the block spin transformation, we demonstrate the presence of a gauge symmetry along the Wilsonian renormalization group flow. As a reflection of this gauge symmetry, the average action satisfies the quantum master equation (QME). We show that the quantum part of the master equation can be naturally understood, once the measure contribution under the BRS transformation is taken into account. Furthermore, an effective BRS transformation acting on macroscopic fields may be defined from the QME. The average action is explicitly evaluated in terms of the saddle point approximation up to one-loop order. It is confirmed that the action satisfies the QME and the flow equation.

DOI： 10.1143/PTP.104.1053

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arXiv

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Language：English   Publisher：Soryushiron Kenkyu Editorial Office  

DOI： 10.24532/soken.102.3_C101

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

A system of first-order differential-difference equations with time lag describes the formation of density waves, called quasisolitons, for dissipative systems in this paper. For comoving density waves, the system reduces to some exactly solvable lattice models. We construct a shock-wave solution as well as one-quasi-soliton solution, and argue that there are pseudoconserved quantities which characterize the formation of the comoving waves. The simplest nontrivial one is given to discuss the presence of a cascade phenomenon in a relaxation process toward pattern formation. © 1999 The American Physical Society.

DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.718

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Physical Society of Japan  

In a certain class of differential-difference equations for dissipative systems, we show that hyperbolic tangent model is the only the nonlinear system of equations which can admit some particular solutions of the Toda lattice. We give one parameter family of exact solutions, which include as special cases the Toda lattice solutions as well as the Whitham's solutions in the Newell's model. Our solutions can be used to describe temporal-spatial density patterns observed in the optimal velocity model for traffic flow.

DOI： 10.1143/JPSJ.68.791

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arXiv

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier  

We establish self-duality of super D3-brane theory as an exact symmetry of the action both in the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms. In the Lagrangian formalism, the action is shown to satisfy the Gaillard-Zumino condition. This algebraic relation is recognized in our previous paper to be a necessary and sufficient condition for generic action of U(1) gauge field strength coupled with gravity and matters to be self-dual. For the super D3-brane action, SO(2) duality transformation of a world-volume gauge field should be associated with SO(2) rotation of fermionic brane coordinates in the N = 2 SUSY multiplet. This SO(2) duality symmetry is lifted to SL(2, ℝ) symmetry in the presence of a dilaton and axion background fields. In the canonical formalism, we show that the duality rotation is described by a canonical transformation, and the Hamiltonian of the D3-brane action is invariant under the transformation. © 1999 Elsevier Science B.V.

DOI： 10.1016/S0550-3213(98)00648-8

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier  

For D = 4 theories of a single U(1) gauge field strength coupled to gravity and matters, we show that the electric-magnetic duality can be formulated as an invariance of the actions. The symmetry is associated with duality rotation acting directly on the gauge field. The rotation is constructed in flat space, and an extension to curved spaces is also given. It is non-local and non-covariant, yet generates off-shell extended transformation of the field strength. The algebraic condition of Gaillard and Zumino turns out to be a necessary and sufficient condition for the invariance of actions. It may be used as a guiding principle in constructing self-dual actions in string and field theories. © 1999 Elsevier Science B.V.

DOI： 10.1016/S0550-3213(98)00596-3

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arXiv

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We show that the super D-string action is canonically equivalent to the type IIB superstring action with a world-sheet gauge field. Canonical transformation to the type IIB theory with dynamical tension is also constructed to establish the SL(2, Z) covariance beyond the semi-classical approximations.

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

We show that the super D-string action is canonically equivalent to the type<br />
IIB superstring action with a world-sheet gauge field. Canonical transformation<br />
to the type IIB theory with dynamical tension is also constructed to establish<br />
the SL(2,Z) covariance beyond the semi-classical approximations.

DOI： 10.1088/1126-6708/1998/03/002

arXiv

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

In the optimal velocity model proposed as a version of car following model, it has been found that a congested flow is generated spontaneously from a homogeneous flow for a certain range of the traffic density. A well-established congested flow obtained in a numerical simulation shows a remarkable repetitive property, such that the velocity of a vehicle evolves exactly in the same way as that of its preceding one except with a time delay T. This leads to a global pattern formation in time development of the vehicle’s motion, and gives rise to a closed trajectory on Δx-v (headway-velocity) plane connecting congested and free flow points. To obtain the closed trajectory analytically, we propose an approach to the pattern formation, which makes it possible to reduce the coupled car following equations to a single difference-differential equation (Rondo equation). To demonstrate our approach, we employ a class of linear models which are exactly solvable. We also introduce the concept of “asymptotic trajectory” to determine T and [Formula Presented] (the backward velocity of the pattern), the global parameters associated with the vehicle’s collective motion in a congested flow, in terms of parameters, such as the sensitivity a, which appeared in the original coupled equations. © 1997 The American Physical Society.

DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevE.55.6519

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We study the BRST cohomology for an SL(2,R)U(1) coset model, which describes an exact string black hole solution. It is shown that the physical spectrum could contain not only the extra discrete states corresponding to those in c=1 two-dimensional gravity but also many additional new states with a ghost number NEP=-1 to 2. We also discuss characters for nonunitary representations and the relation of our results to other approaches. © 1993 The American Physical Society.

DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevD.48.3793

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arXiv

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Language：English   Publisher：Publication Office, Progress of Theoretical Physics  

We review the BRST analysis of the system of a (super)conformal matter coupled to 2D (super)gravity. The spectrum and its operator realization are reported. In particular, the operators associated with the states of nonzero ghost number are given. We also discuss the ground ring structure of the super-Liouville coupled to c^^^=1 matter. In appendices, hermiticities, states for c&lt;1 conformal matter coupled to gravity and the proof for the spectrum are discussed.

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We study the BRST cohomology for two-dimensional supergravity coupled to c ̂ ≤ 1 superconformal matter in the conformal gauge. The super-Liouville and superconformal matters are represented by free scalar fields øL and øM and fermions ψL and ψM, respectively, with suitable background charges, and these are coupled in such a way that the BRST charge is nilpotent. The physical states of the full theory are determined for the NS and R sectors. It is shown that there are extra states with ghost number NFP = 0, ± 1 for discrete momenta other than the degree of freedom corresponding to the "center of mass", and that these are closely related to the "null states" in the minimal models with c ̂ &lt
1. © 1992.

DOI： 10.1016/0550-3213(92)90019-8

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arXiv

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：KYOTO UNIV  

We review the BRST analysis of the system of a (super)conformal matter coupled to 2D (super)gravity. The spectrum and its operator realization are reported. In particular, the operators associated with the states of nonzero ghost number are given. We also discuss the ground ring structure of the super-Liouville coupled to c = 1 matter. In appendices, hermiticities, states for c &lt; 1 conformal matter coupled to gravity and the proof for the spectrum are discussed.

DOI： 10.1143/PTPS.110.97

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arXiv

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

It is shown that the theories in the double scaling limits of the O(N) vector models are closely related to the Feigin-Fuchs construction of conformal field theories. In particular the partition functions are written in terms of the charge screening operators. The boson is related to collective fields of the vector models.

DOI： 10.1016/0370-2693(91)90352-Q

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

Two-dimensional gravity coupled to minimal models is quantized in the chiral gauge by the BRST method. By using the Wakimoto construction for the gravity sector, we show how the quartet mechanism of Kugo and Ojima works and solve the physical state condition. As a result the positive semi-definiteness of the physical subspace is shown. The formula of Knizhnik et al. for gravitational scaling dimensions is rederived from the physical state condition. We also observe a relation between the chiral gauge and the conformal gauge. © 1990.

DOI： 10.1016/0550-3213(90)90198-M

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

DOI： 10.1016/0370-2693(90)92101-N

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

DOI： 10.1016/0550-3213(89)90115-6

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

We clarify the quantization of the zero modes of twisted strings on orbifolds and thereby show how the untwisted state emission-vertex operators in the twisted sectorare equipped with cocycle factors, describing the jump of the center-of-mass coordinate according to the winding numbers of the emitted state. Then, we apply the formalism to a Z2-orbifold in detail and determine what representation the fixed points belong to. © 1988.

DOI： 10.1016/0550-3213(88)90697-9

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：KYOTO UNIV  

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Language：English   Publisher：Published for the Research Institute for Fundamental Physics by Physical Society of Japan  

A gauge invariant action is constructed for the closed string compactified on a Z_2-orbifold. Two 3-string vertices which describe two types of interaction, i.e., with and without twisted strings are obtained by the Neumann function method. The O(g^2) gauge invariance of the action requires to modify the 3-string vertices by multiplying cocycle factors. A physical interpretation of the cocycle is given.

DOI： 10.1143/PTP.79.953

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：素粒子論グループ 素粒子論研究 編集部  

DOI： 10.24532/soken.75.6_134

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：KYOTO UNIV  

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Language：English   Publisher：Published for the Research Institute for Fundamental Physics by Physical Society of Japan  

A 3-string vertex of open Neveu-Schwarz (NS) and Ramond (R) superstrings is constructed explicitly in terms of oscillator language for the joining and splitting type interaction. Both for the 3-NS and NS-R-R cases, it is shown to satisfy the BRS invariance if the space-time dimension is 10. A bit peculiar connection conditions of the &quot;fermionic&quot; coordinates as well as their Neumann functions are discussed in detail.

DOI： 10.1143/PTP.78.453

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：KYOTO UNIV  

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Language：English   Publisher：Published for the Research Institute for Fundamental Physics by Physical Society of Japan  

Gauge-invariant string field theory is constructed for the closed string compactified on a torus in a generalized manner of Narain. On the basis of the observation that the coordinates of the compactified dimensions cannot be connected smoothly on the 3-string vertex, we show that it is necessary to multiply the vertex functional by the two-cocycle phase factor to achieve the gauge-invariance of the action. With this modified 3-string vertex used, all the identities concerning the *-product of string fields (e.g., Jacobi identity) are shown to hold in the same forms as in the ordinary non-compactified case.

DOI： 10.1143/PTP.77.443

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The covariant string field theory is presented in its full detail for the closed-bosonic-string case. The properties of the interaction vertex of three closed strings are fully clarified. We thus establish the nilpotency of the full nonlinear Becchi-Rouet-Stora (BRS) transformation as well as the BRS invariance of our gauged-fixed action. This, on the other hand, also establishes the gauge invariance of our gauge-unfixed action and the group law of the gauge transformations, which were reported previously. The general N-point amplitudes for arbitrary external closed-string states are computed explicitly at the tree level. In particular, when the external states are on shell and physical, we prove that the amplitudes become independent of the choice of the external string-length parameters and correctly reproduce the usual dual amplitudes. © 1987 The American Physical Society.

DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevD.35.1318

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The string-length-parameter () independence of the on-shell physical N-string amplitudes in the covariant string field theory presented by the authors is shown to all loop orders in perturbation theory and for Nd=26. The proof is based on the new invariance of the string action under the field transformation =p(/,)+(2,3 terms) with p being the center-of-mass momentum carried by. By making use of this independence, the calculations of the tree and one-loop amplitudes are greatly simplified and shown to reduce directly to the operator formalism expressions. Most remarkably, we find that our pure open-string field theory contains the closed string as a bound state. © 1987 The American Physical Society.

DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevD.35.1356

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The gauge invariant action of the interacting bosonic string field is constructed for both open and closed string cases, on the basis of the vertices which were used in our previous gauge-fixed action. In both cases, the usual dual amplitudes are correctly reproduced at the tree level. The algebra of gauge transformations is clarified. It closes off-shell for the closed string case, while it closes only on-shell and has field-dependent "structure constants" for the open string case. We also discuss the gauge-fixing procedure and the relation of these theories to the previous gauge-fixed actions. It is pointed out that the gauge-fixing procedure becomes quite non-trivial generally in the interacting string theories. © 1987.

DOI： 10.1016/0550-3213(87)90282-3

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It is proved rigorously that the Witten type 3-string vertex is BRS invariant if and only if the space-time dimension is equal to 26. We use the fermionic representation for the reparametrization ghost. © 1987.

DOI： 10.1016/0550-3213(87)90374-9

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

A space-time-metric-independent and gauge-invariant formulation of closed-string field theory is proposed. The action contains no kinetic term and consists solely of a cubic term in the string field. The kinetic term can be generated through the condensation of an infinitesimally small string. © 1986.

DOI： 10.1016/0370-2693(86)90703-3

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A manifestly covariant field theory is constructed for the interacting bosonic closed string, which possesses a very simple string action invariant under an inhomogeneous nilpotent BRS transformation. The physical on-shell scattering amplitudes in this theory reproduce the Koba-Nielsen amplitudes at the tree level. © 1986.

DOI： 10.1016/0370-2693(86)90835-X

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A manifestly covariant field theory is constructed for the interacting bosonic open string. A very simple string action is presented which is invariant under an inhomogeneous nilpotent BRS transformation. The on-shell scattering amplitudes in this theory reproduce the Koba-Nielsen amplitudes at the tree level, aside from a contributions from a necessary quartic interaction term. © 1986.

DOI： 10.1016/0370-2693(86)90834-8

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：KYOTO UNIV  

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Language：English   Publisher：Published for the Research Institute for Fundamental Physics by Physical Society of Japan  

A simple and general procedure is given for constructing supersymmetric nonlinear σ model Lagrangian explicitly for any Kahlerian coset space G/H. In particular, we derive explicit and full expressions of supersymmetric Lagrangians for the phenomenologically important manifolds G/H =E_7/SU(5)×SU(3)×U(1) and E_8/SO(10)×SU(3)×U(1), which are known to contain three generations of quarks and leptons as Nambu-Goldstone(NG) superfields. We discuss also (1) the arbitrariness of the choice of NG superfields when H contains more than one dimensional center, (2) how to gauge any subgroup of G and how to couple the system to supergravity, (3) a new anomaly of the supersymmetric nonlinear σ models induced by supergravity, etc.

DOI： 10.1143/PTP.75.386

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The relation between the usual Coleman-Wess-Zumino nonlinear lagrangian theory and the Bando-Kuramoto-Maskawa-Uehara supersymmetric one is clarified for the cases of kählerian G/H, by constructing an explicit mapping from the BKMU variable ξ(φ{symbol}) ε{lunate} Gc/Ĥ to the CWZ one U(φ{symbol}, φ{symbol}*) ε{lunate} G/H. We show that the most general Kähler potential (and hence supersymmetric lagrangian) is givem by a linear combination of the functions appearing in this mapping, the number of which is the same as the number of central charges of H. An explicit and easy method is presented to construct supersymmetric lagrangians for arbitrary kählerian G/H. © 1986.

DOI： 10.1016/0550-3213(86)90118-5

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A systematic prescription is given to find the &quot;original&quot; gauge-invariant string field Lagrangian from Siegel&#039;s gauge-fixed Lagrangian containing an infinite tower of ghosts&#039; ghosts. A local and gauge-invariant Lagrangian of free bosonic string field is constructed in a complete form by this method. It reproduces Neveu and West&#039;s result up to the sixth excited level order. We also discuss the extension of the BRS formalism to the interacting string field theory and give the unitarity proof of such class of theories.

DOI： 10.1143/PTP.75.162

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The covariant string field theory is presented in its full detail for the open-bosonic-string case. The previously reported gauge-fixed action and Becchi-Rouet-Stora (BRS) transformation are completed by adding the quartic string-interaction term constructed explicitly here. The properties of the 3-string and 4-string vertices are fully clarified. We thus establish the nilpotency of the full non-linear BRS transformation and the BRS invariance of our gauge-fixed action. This, on the other hand, establishes also the gauge invariance of our gauge-unfixed action and the group law of the gauge transformations, which were also reported previously. The general N-string amplitudes are computed explicitly at the tree level and shown to reproduce correctly the usual dual amplitudes for the on-shell physical external states. In particular we prove that the on-shell physical amplitudes at the tree level are completely independent of the string length parameter. The zero-slope limit of our covariant string action as well as of the BRS transformation is calculated completely off the mass shell. The resultant action has the same form as the usual covariant Yang-Mills action -14trF2 as for the gauge-invariant part, and the nontrivial dependence appears only in the gauge-fixing terms. © 1986 The American Physical Society.

DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevD.34.2360

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DOI： 10.1016/0370-2693(85)91593-X

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Soryushiron Kenkyu Editorial Office  

DOI： 10.24532/soken.117.1_A43

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DOI： 10.24532/soken.116.3_C101

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DOI： 10.24532/soken.116.3_C101

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DOI： 10.24532/soken.115.1_A110

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学校教育課程理科の初年次生を対象にした講義スタディ・スキルズIにおいて,2003,2004年度に引き続き,アドバンシソグ物理を利用した講義を行った。2005年度は,「熱」に関する章を選び,気体分子運動論とボルツマン因子の理解を目指した。アンケートなどから,理解の形成ができた事柄とともに,今後の課題が浮かび上がった。十分時間をかけて講義し実習を実施した,気体分子運動論,ボルツマン因子の由来,ブラウソ運動などに関連した事柄の理解には一定の成果があった。一方,単位,力学の基本的概念についての理解が不安定である様子が見られた。今年度の経験をふまえ,来年度以降の講義の改善可能性について考察した。

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DOI： 10.24532/soken.113.5_109

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DOI： 10.24532/soken.111.6_F12

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DOI： 10.24532/soken.111.4_D97

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We investigate exact symmetries of a staggered fermion in D dimensions. The Dirac operator is reformulated by SO(2D) Clifford algebra. The chiral symmetry, rotational invariance and parity symmetries are clarified in any dimension. Local scalar and pseudo-scalar modes are definitely determined, in which we find non-standard modes. The relation to Ichimatsu-patterned lattice approach is discussed.

DOI： 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.155

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：素粒子論グループ 素粒子論研究 編集部  

DOI： 10.24532/soken.111.6_F12

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英国の新しい物理教育のコースAdvancing Physicsを利用して,理科教育専攻向けの講義Study Skills Iを行った。講義時間の半分程を実験・発表にあて,学生の主体的参加を目指した。我々にとっても新しい試みであったので,講義終了後にアンケートをとった。ここに講義の内容とアンケート結果を報告する。課題は残るものの割合肯定的な意見が得られた。また,発表・討論の機会の少ない学生にとって希少な経験となったと思われる。

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A lattice supersymmetric gauge theory would be of vital importance to investigate the physics beyond the standard model. After briefly describing various difficulties encountered in earlier works, we explain our model, which carries some lattice structure more than the simple discretization and is invariant under the exchange of gauge and fermionic degrees of freedom. We also comment on works by Kaplan, et al.

DOI： 10.11316/butsuri1946.58.825

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Language：English   Publisher：Elsevier  

We proposed an 'Ichimatsu'-decomposed lattice gauge theory with fermionic symmetries. The vacuum structures of the gauge sector with two coupling constants (βp, βc) are investigated for 3-dimensional Z2 and 4-dimensional SU(2) cases using mean-field approximation and numerical simulation. We found two phases on the (βp,βc) phase diagram for 3-dim. Z2 case, while the diagram is a single phase for the latter.

DOI： 10.1016/S0920-5632(03)80482-6

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Language：English   Publisher：Elsevier  

We present the lattice models with exact fermionic symmetries relating fermions and link variables. The plaquettes are distributed in an Ichimatsu pattern (chequered). We explain this peculiar structure allows us to have a translation in the algebra of the fermionic symmetries.

DOI： 10.1016/S0920-5632(03)80481-4

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Physical Society of Japan (JPS)  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人日本物理学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人日本物理学会  

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We present a new lattice super Yang-Mills theory and its SUSY transformation. After our formulation of the model in a fundamental lattice, it is extended to the whole lattice with a substructure of modulo 2.

DOI： 10.1016/S0920-5632(01)01894-1

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Soryushiron Kenkyu Editorial Office  

DOI： 10.24532/soken.104.5_E72

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本稿では「離散散逸系」を「近可積分系」として捉えることの有効性を,交通流模型を使って議論する.ミクロな交通流模型として採用された微差分方程式の中に可積分系に現れるものと同型の厳密解を持つものがある.この解は,緩和過程後に作られる渋滞流の時空パターンを記述している.この事実を解説するとともに,離散要素間の非自明な集団ダイナミクスの理解をめざす上で厳密解がどのような意味を持ち得るかを検討していく.

DOI： 10.11316/butsuri1946.55.202

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DOI： 10.24532/soken.98.5_E66

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：素粒子論グループ 素粒子論研究 編集部  

U(1)ゲージ場が重力、物質場と相互作用している4次元の理論の作用を考える。我々は、文献[1]において、「Gaillard-Zumino条件[2]は、作用が双対変換のもとで不変になるための必要十分条件である」ことを示した。文献[3]ではこの様な作用の例として、Super D3-brane actionがあることを示した。

DOI： 10.24532/soken.98.5_E66

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DOI： 10.24532/soken.95.1_A103

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この論文は国立情報学研究所の電子図書館事業により電子化されました。研究会報告

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山形新潟合宿ではOptimal Velocity Modelsの一般的論と、最近求まった解析的に解ける模型について議論した。ここで、当日の話の詳細について議論する十分なスペースがない。幸い、我々の最近の結果を中西さんが報告なさっているので、興味のある方はそちらを見て頂きたい。

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DOI： 10.24532/soken.73.6_F123

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DOI： 10.24532/soken.72.4_D5_2

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We establish self-duality of super D3-brane theory as an exact symmetry of
the action both in the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalism. In the Lagrangian
formalism, the action is shown to satisfy the Gaillard-Zumino condition. This
algebraic relation is recognized in our previous paper to be a necessary and
sufficient condition for generic action of U(1) gauge field strength coupled
with gravity and matters to be self-dual. For the super D3-brane action, SO(2)
duality transformation of a world-volume gauge field should be associated with
SO(2) rotation of fermionic brane coordinates in N=2 SUSY multiplet. This SO(2)
duality symmetry is lifted to SL(2,R) symmetry in the presence of a dilaton and
an axion background fields. In the canonical formalism, we show that the
duality rotation is described by a canonical transformation, and the
Hamiltonian of the D3-brane action is invariant under the transformation.

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