Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Medical Physics  

DOI： 10.11323/jjmp.41.4_195

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

DOI： 10.1002/acm2.13322

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Oxford University Press (OUP)  

<title>Abstract</title>
We aimed to compare the outcomes of high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) boost and external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) alone for high-risk prostate cancer. This was a single-center, retrospective and observational study. Consecutive patients who underwent initial radical treatment by HDR-BT boost or EBRT alone from June 2009 to May 2016 at the Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Japan were included. A total of 96 patients underwent HDR-BT boost, and 61 underwent EBRT alone. The prescription dose of HDR-BT boost was set to 18 Gy twice a day with EBRT 39 Gy/13 fractions. The dose for EBRT alone was mostly 70 Gy/28 fractions. The high-risk group received &amp;gt;6 months of prior androgen deprivation therapy. Overall survival, biochemical-free survival, local control and distant metastasis-free survival rates at 5 years were analyzed. The incidence of urological and gastrointestinal late adverse events of Grade 2 and above was also summarized. In the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) high-risk calssification, HDR-BT boost had a significantly higher biochemical-free survival rate at 5 years (98.9% versus 90.7%, P = 0.04). Urethral strictures were more common in the HDR-BT boost group. We will continuously observe the progress of the study patients and determine the longer term results.

DOI： 10.1093/jrr/rrab006

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

DOI： 10.1007/s12194-020-00602-2

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Other Link： http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12194-020-00602-2/fulltext.html

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

DOI： 10.1002/mp.14699

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Other Link： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/mp.14699

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

DOI： 10.1002/acm2.13081

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Other Link： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/acm2.13081

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

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Other Link： http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/030405007

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier {BV}  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ctro.2019.10.006

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：金原出版(株)  

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2019&ichushi_jid=J01565&link_issn=&doc_id=20190531180011&doc_link_id=10.18888%2Frp.0000000891&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.18888%2Frp.0000000891&type=%88%E3%8F%91.jp_%83I%81%5B%83%8B%83A%83N%83Z%83X&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00024_2.gif

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Oxford University Press (OUP)  

DOI： 10.1093/jrr/rry106

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Society of Radiological Technology  

In monitor unit (MU) independent verification by calculation for irregular field (MLC field) using multileaf collimator in X-ray therapy, it has become common to use collimator scatter factor (<i>S</i>_c) and phantom scatter factor (<i>S</i>_p) instead of total scatter factor (<i>S</i>_{c, p}). It is usually expressed as <i>S</i>_{c, p} (<i>A</i>)=<i>S</i>_c (<i>A</i>)×<i>S</i>_p (<i>A</i>), and the field size <i>A</i> is considered but the depth <i>d</i> is not. <i>S</i>_c is data of in-air output, and measure with a mini-phantom at constant depth to remove electron contamination. On the other hand, <i>S</i>_p is obtained from measurement data of <i>S</i>_{c, p} and <i>S</i>_c, and can be expressed as <i>S</i>_{c, p} (<i>d</i>, <i>A</i>)=<i>S</i>_c (constant depth, <i>A</i>)×<i>S</i>_p (<i>d</i>, <i>A</i>) at an arbitrary depth <i>d</i>, thus <i>S</i>_p depends on the depth of <i>S</i>_{c, p}. Therefore, <i>S</i>_p needs to consider depth. In addition, a linear accelerator equipped with the tertiary MLC has two field sizes, that are collimator field by upper and lower collimators and MLC field by tertiary MLC below them. In MU independent verification by calculation, it is often used that the estimated value of <i>S</i>_p obtained by converting MLC field to equivalent square field and referring to data of <i>S</i>_p in square field. To convert the MLC field to equivalent square field, a conversion formula from sector radius <i>r</i> to equivalent square field <i>L</i> by Clarkson’s sector integration (Clarkson method) is used. In this study, using 24 types of MLC fields to evaluate estimation accuracy due to the difference of conversion formula in Clarkson method, we estimated value of <i>S</i>_p using <i>r</i>=0.5611<i>L</i> of B-Clarkson method and using <i>r</i>=0.5580<i>L</i> of A-Clarkson method. And the difference with the measured value of <i>S</i>_p obtained by measuring <i>S</i>_{c, p} and <i>S</i>_c in the same MLC fields was compared. While, to evaluate estimation accuracy due to the different depths using these Clarkson methods, the difference between estimated value and measured value of <i>S</i>_p similarly obtained at depth of 5, 10 and 15 cm was compared. As results, estimated value of <i>S</i>_p using A-Clarkson method than using B-Clarkson method was close to measured value, and it was the same trend at depth of 5, 10 and 15 cm. Therefore, it was suggested that estimation accuracy of <i>S</i>_p by A-Clarkson method is higher than B-Clarkson method when verifying beams with different depths in MU independent verification by calculation for MLC field.

DOI： 10.6009/jjrt.2019_jsrt_75.12.1426

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Other Link： http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/030183658

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Society of Radiological Technology  

Countermeasures against respiratory movement are important for tumors of thorax and abdomen in stereotactic body radiation therapy. In the present paper, a web-camera-based-respiratory monitoring method without contact with patient’s body was proposed for respiratory study. Thoracic and abdominal motion images were taken by a web camera, and were analyzed using simple image-processing techniques for obtaining respiratory waveforms. Four motion images with different respiration rate were obtained from resusci anne simulator. Respiration waveforms were estimated from the moving images by the proposed method, and were compared with respiration waveforms obtained by the conventional respiratory monitoring device. That was found to have a strong correlation. In addition, the two waveforms were similar in Bland–Altman method comparison. The proposed method can provide non-contact, non-invasive, simple, and realistic respiratory monitoring system for radiotherapy.

DOI： 10.6009/jjrt.2018_JSRT_74.11.1286

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Other Link： http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/029359646

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ctro.2017.12.003

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本定位放射線治療学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/10191/47192

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Tokyo  

DOI： 10.1007/s11604-016-0606-7

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：新潟大学医学部保健学科  

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Other Link： http://dspace.lib.niigata-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/10191/47194/1/14%281%29_27-33.pdf

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Oxford University Press  

DOI： 10.1093/jrr/rrw003

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本放射線技術学会-東北支部  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1118/1.4908207

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BACKGROUND: To evaluate the risks and benefits of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in addition to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for the treatment of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SESCC). METHODS AND MATERIALS: We retrospectively reviewed the treatment outcomes of 47 patients with SESCC treated between October 2000 and December 2011. Sixteen patients with invasion into the submucosal layer (T1b) or the muscularis mucosa (m3) with positive vascular invasion were treated with CRT after ESD (ESD-CRT group). The lymph node area was irradiated to a total dose of 40-44 Gy and a boost radiation was administered if PET-positive lymph nodes or positive margins were observed. The remaining 31 patients received definitive CRT only (dCRT group). RESULTS: The radiation field was significantly larger in the ESD-CRT group; the "long T" was used in 11 patients (35.4%) in the dCRT group and 15 (93.7%) in the ESD-CRT group (p = 0.0001). The total radiation dose was smaller in the ESD-CRT group; 40 Gy was used in 10 patients (62.5%) in the ESD-CRT group and all but one patient in the dCRT group received ≥60 Gy (p = 0.00001). The 3-year overall survival rates in the dCRT and ESD-CRT groups were 63.2% and 90.0% respectively (p = 0.118). Recurrence developed in nine patients (29.0%) in the dCRT group and one (6.3%) in the ESD-CRT group. Local recurrence was observed in six patients (19%) in the dCRT group and none in the ESD-CRT-group (p = 0.029). Pericardial effusion (≥Grade 3) occurred in three patients (9.7%) in the dCRT group and none in the ESD-CRT group. CONCLUSIONS: ESD followed by CRT is an effective and safe approach for SESCC at m3 or T1b. This combination of ESD and CRT improves the local control rate, and it could decrease the number of cardiac toxicities due to a radiation-dose reduction relative to CRT alone.

DOI： 10.1186/s13014-015-0337-4

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

OBJECTIVE: For locoregional failure after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), salvage esophagectomy and endoscopic mucosal resection have disadvantages, such as a high morbidity rate and a high local recurrence rate, respectively. The aim of this study was to clarify the efficacy of salvage endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for locoregional failure of CRT. METHODS: A total of 19 lesions in 19 patients were treated with salvage ESD; 15 lesions were local recurrences at the primary site and 4 lesions were residual. All lesions were intramucosal or submucosal tumors without metastases. A case-control study was retrospectively evaluated to clarify whether the clinical outcomes of salvage ESD were equivalent to those of control primary ESD. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed between salvage ESD and primary ESD in short-term outcomes, including procedure time. For salvage ESD, the complete en bloc resection rate was 94.7% (18 of 19), and no severe complications were observed. At a median follow up of 54.6 (range: 5-98) months after salvage ESD, the local recurrence rate was 0%. However, three patients (15.8%) died due to lymph node and distant metastases and six patients (31.5%) died from other diseases, including radiation pneumonitis, pyothorax or respiratory failure with no recurrence of ESCC. The 3-year overall survival rate for all 19 patients was 74%. CONCLUSIONS: ESD represents an acceptable treatment option for recurrent or residual ESCC because of its improvement in local control, when local failure after CRT is limited to the submucosal layer without metastases.

DOI： 10.3109/00365521.2013.822092

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：金原出版(株)  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：医学図書出版(株)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s10147-011-0254-y

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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DOI： 10.1007/s10147-009-0005-5

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DOI： 10.1007/s10388-009-0206-z

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to review the treatment outcomes of surgery and definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in elderly patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus. METHODS: A total of 64 patients aged 75 or older were retrospectively reviewed; 40 were treated with surgery and 24 with CRT. The CRT group included eight patients with unresectable disease and four patients medically unfit for surgery. Surgery included esophagectomy with lymphadenectomy and CRT consisted of 60-70 Gy of radiation concurrent with 5-fluorouracil alone or combined with cisplatin. Short- and long-term outcomes and survival of each modality were assessed. RESULTS: In the surgery group, 33 patients (82.5%) had co-morbid conditions. Complete resection rate was 90.0%. An overall post-operative complication rate was 65.0% and in-hospital mortality was seen in three patients (7.5%). In the CRT group, complete response rate was 41.7%. Leukopenia was most common Grade 3 hematological toxicity. Treatment-related deaths caused by acute toxicities occurred in three patients (12.5%), whereas those caused by late toxicities in four (16.7%). For cStage I disease in the surgery group, the overall 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rate were 90.9%, 63.6% and 54.5%, respectively, with a median survival time of 78.7 months. For cStages II-IV, the median survival time of the surgery and the CRT group was 18.7 and 12.8 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The short- and long-term outcomes of surgery for the elderly seemed acceptable; however, definitive CRT may be a promising treatment modality. Further investigation may alter the sphere of influence in the field of esophageal cancer treatment in the elderly.

DOI： 10.1093/jjco/hyp030

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s10147-006-0617-y

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2006.05.007

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s11604-006-0050-1

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DOI： 10.1007/s10388-005-0035-7

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.11182/jastro.17.187

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology  

Background & Purpose: Recent literature on chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer report the comparable survival results as surgery, and suggest the importance of management for the late adverse effect of chemoradiotherapy. The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence and risk factors of cardiomegaly after chemoradiotherapy using low dose continuous infusion of 5FU/CDDP+5FU for esophageal cancer. Materials & Methods: Fifty-one patients with stage I-IVA esophageal cancer who were treated by radiotherapy with more than 50 Gy with or without chemotherapy and followed up for more than 6 months were analyzed. Sixteen patients were treated by radiation alone and 35 patients were treated by chemoradiotherapy. A change of CTR (cardio-thoracic ratio) was defined as the difference between CTR in the pre-treatment X-ray film and CTR in the post-treatment X-ray film with maximum cardiac silhouette. A change of CTR by more than 10% was defined as "significant cardiomegaly". In this study, "cardiac areadose", which is the sum of the products of cardiac area within every radiation field and its target dose, was calculated in each patient as a radiation parameter.<BR>Results: Significant cardiomegaly was noted in 1 patient (6%) in the radiation alone group, in 8 patients (23%) in the chemoradiotherapy group and in 9 patients (18%) in the total population. In cases with more than 0.4m<SUP>2</SUP>·Gy in cardiac area-dose, CTR elevation was significantly higher than in cases with less than 0.4 m<SUP>2</SUP>·Gy. More than moderate pleural effusion was noted in 5 patients (10%). Chronic pericardial effusion and subsequent cardiac tamponade was considered to be one of the contributing factors for pleural effusion, because increases of pleural effusion coincided with CTR elevations in 3 cases. In addition, the fact that no case had right-sided unilateral pleural effusion suggested the direct effect of radiation to the pleura.<BR>Conclusion: Significant cardiomegaly was seen in 18% of 51 patients with esophageal cancer treated by irradiation with or without chemotherapy. It was suggested that concurrent chemotherapy including 5FU and high "cardiac area-dose" were risk factors of pericardial effusion. More than moderate pleural effusion was noted in 10%. Cardiac tamponade following chronic pericarditis and radiation pleuritis were considered to be etiologic factors for pleural effusion after radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy for esophageal cancer.

DOI： 10.11182/jastro1989.14.153

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.11182/jastro1989.13.163

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DOI： 10.11182/jastro1989.12.229

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japan Lung Cancer Society  

We retrospectively compared the specimens of CT guided percutaneous lung biopsy with the specimens surgically resected later in 17 cases with small adenocarcinoma of the lung to investigate the possibility of preoperative prediction of the Noguchi type pathological classification. The coincidence rate was 41.2%(7/17). It was considered difficult to guess the Noguchi type of small adenocarcinoma of the lung preoperatively by CT guided percutaneous lung biopsy. In this study, one resected specimen contained linearly-arranged fibrosis and fibroblasts suggesting the sequelae of lung biopsy. It seemed to be important to pay attention to the possibility of fibrosis resulting from biopsy in classifying the Noguchi type.

DOI： 10.2482/haigan.38.99

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology  

A total of 133 cases with 149 lesions consisting mainly of lung cancers with endobronchial lesions that were treated with low dose rate intraluminal brachytherapy from three institute were analyzed. All but one case had lung cancer. The roles of this radiotherapy were various. Of the cases, 91 with 101 lesions were roentgenographically occult endobronchial carcinoma (ROEC), 19 with 25 lesions were postoperative endobronchial recurrence of lung cancer (PER), thirteen cases were lung cancer without ROEC (advanced cancer).<BR>Brachytherapy alone was performed on a few lesions, in the other cases, a combination external beam radiotherapy using 4 to 10 MV linac x-ray and intraluminal low dose rate brachytherapy via 192 Iridium thin wire was performed. Most lesions were given 1.8 to 2.2 Gy per fraction with external beam radiotherapy and 4 to 6 Gy per fraction with brachytherapy, but their total doses differed widely. The 5 year overall survival, cause apecific survival, disease free rate of ROEC were respectively 52.1 %, 85.8 %, 82.2 %, the 5 year overall survival and cause specific survival of PER were 29.3 %, 39.4 %, and the 3 year overall survival and cause specific survival of advanced lung cancer were 20.1 %, 38.4 %. Radiation dose did not have a significant influence on either survival or recurrence. Of ROEC cases, the recurrence rate of patients who had over 20 mm lesions was significantly high. As for radiation injury, radiation pneumonitis, bronchial stenosis, ulcer formation and bleeding were observed, and 2 patients died due to radiation pneumonitis and bleeding. We observed a significantly high rate of radiation injury in ROEC patients who were treated with under 25 Gy for brachythrapy, over 40 Gy for external beam radiotherapy and over 65 Gy for total dose.<BR>We thought this treatment was good for small lesions such as ROEC or PER. But, because these cases were treated widely different doses and the number of cases was small, we could not find the relationship between dose and recurrence of all groups, or the relationship between dose and radiation injury of PER and advanced cancer groups. We hope to be able to conduct a multiinstitute prospective study.

DOI： 10.11182/jastro1989.10.135

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