Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本小児泌尿器科学会  

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

Introduction: Interstitial cystitis is difficult to treat and may affect adolescents. Case presentation: A 15-year-old girl presented with severe pain upon terminal micturition that persisted for approximately 2 hours. The pain had been present for more than 1 month. Cystoscopy revealed severe erosion throughout the trigone. Transurethral fulguration did not improve her symptoms. However, complete electric resection of the ulcer markedly reduced the symptom. After complete resection, pain on urination disappeared and she has had no pain without medication for 15 months. Conclusion: Complete resection not fulguration of the ulcer is effective for interstitial cystitis in adolescent female patients.

DOI： 10.1002/iju5.12038

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Other Link： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/iju5.12038

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本泌尿器科学会総会事務局  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier Inc  

A congenital megalourethra is an enlargement of the pendulous urethra without evidence of distal obstruction. A 1-month-old boy presented to us with complaint of weak stream, ballooning of the penis before and during voiding and post voiding dribbling, since birth. Physical examination and cystourethroscope confirmed the diagnosis of congenital scaphoid megalourethra. He underwent reduction urethroplasty. During postoperative follow up, he had normal looking penis with good urinary stream.

DOI： 10.1016/j.eucr.2017.05.002

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

A 20 years old woman had an external urethral orifice mass and received an excision operation. Seven years later, she complained a tumor with pain that was similar to the previous tumor. She underwent the tumor removal. Pathological diagnosis was a urethral angiomyomatous leiomyoma in the new concept of estrogen receptor-positive smooth muscle tumors.

DOI： 10.1016/j.eucr.2016.08.006

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：医学図書出版(株)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：KARGER  

A cecoureterocele is a rare form of ectopic ureterocele that the orifice of the affected ureter is within the bladder, but the cavity of the ureterocele extends beyond the bladder neck into the urethra. We present a case of a newborn boy with a large cecoureterocele with contralateral renal rupture. He required an emergency transurethral incision of the ureterocele for the treatment of acute renal failure and respiratory disorder. (C) 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel

DOI： 10.1159/000445525

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本小児泌尿器科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本泌尿器内視鏡学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本排尿機能学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：医学図書出版(株)  

Free graft法を用いて尿道下裂修復術を行った症例の外観をHOPEスコアを用いて検討した。Free graft法を用いて尿道下裂修復術を行った19例を対象とした。外尿道口の位置、外尿道口の形態、亀頭の形態、包皮の形態、陰茎捻転の程度、陰茎前屈の程度を術者以外の3例の日本泌尿器科学会専門医が複数の写真セットより判定した。判定結果より外尿道口の形態は縦のスリットであるがスリットか長すぎる傾向があった。また、亀頭形態では外尿道口のスリットの近位に正常な亀頭のブリッジがなくスリットが冠状溝にかかっている症例かみられた。包皮形態では包皮の非対称やたるみが指摘された症例があった。

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本泌尿器科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本泌尿器科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Urological Association  

A 13-year-old girl presented with an occult blood in urine. CT revealed right rudimentary kidney and left hydronephrosis. Renogram demonstrated right poor renal function pattern and left obstructive pattern. She underwent left pyeloplasty. Histologic examination revealed the true ureteral diverticulum. True ureteral diverticulum is a rare congenital anomaly and synonymous with blind-ending bifid ureter. This is a sixth case in the Japanese literature. © 2012 Japanese Urological Association.

DOI： 10.5980/jpnjurol.103.569

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

A 5-year-old girl. Left renal dysplasia was detected with the onset of the urinary tract infection at 9 months old. She presented with urinary leakage occurring between normal voids from the age of three. A magnetic resonance imaging revealed a left ectopic ureter derived from the hypoplastic kidney in the retroperitoneal space. Retrograde urography from the ectopic ureteric orifice in vagina enabled to provide the identification of ureter and renal pelvis. Retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy was performed. She became dry soon after the operation.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Objectives. To examine the feature of men who benefit from dose escalation of naftopidil for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs). Methods. Based on the IPSS, men reporting LUTS were prospectively studied using 50mg/day of naftopidil for the first 4 weeks
satisfied patients continued its 50mg/day (n=11), and those reporting unsatisfactory improvement received its 75mg/day (n=35) for the next 4 weeks. Results. The 75mg group showed improvement in the total IPSS and QOL score in a dose-dependent manner (at 4 weeks: P&lt
.001, at 4 weeks versus 8 weeks: P&lt
.05). In the 50mg group, both scores reduced at 4 weeks, thereafter unchanged. The baseline slow stream score alone was higher in the 75mg group (P=.013). The rate of change in the QOL score during the initial 4 weeks (ΔQOL) and Δnocturia was smaller in the 75mg group (P&lt
.05). Conclusions. Men with high slow stream score and unsatisfactory improvement in nocturia may benefit from dose escalation of naftopidil. Copyright © 2011 Takaki Mizusawa et al.

DOI： 10.1155/2011/804583

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of clean intermittent catheterization for urinary incontinence in myelodysplastic children.
Methods: The cohort comprised of 38 children (19 boys and 19 girls, aged between 10 months to 16 years) with neurogenic bladder secondary to myelodysplasia. Group A included 16 children who had dilated upper urinary tract or vesicoureteral reflux when clean intermittent catheterization was introduced. The remaining 22 children with normal upper urinary tract were enrolled to group B. In the present study, we defined socially acceptable continence as having completely dry or slight stress incontinence that patients can manage with several small pads.
Results: Of the 16 group A patients, 9 obtained socially acceptable continence by conservative management. Of the 22 group B patients, 11 reported socially acceptable continence by conservative management. Vesical compliance was significantly higher in cases who reported socially acceptable continence than in those with incontinence persistent regarding all participants (10 +/- 7.2 vs 6.8 +/- 6.2 mL/cmH(2)O, P = 0.0347) and group A (9.1 +/- 6.7 vs 3.7 +/- 1.4 mL/cmH(2)O, P = 0.0350). Leak point pressure was significantly higher in patients who obtained socially acceptable continence than in those having persistent incontinence regarding all participants (50 +/- 17.2 vs 25 +/- 6.6 mL/cmH(2)O, P = 0.0003), group A (51 +/- 21.4 vs 26 +/- 7.2 mL/cmH(2)O, P = 0.0348) and also, group B (49 +/- 12.8 vs 23.7 +/- 6.3 mL/cmH(2)O, P = 0.0043).
Conclusion: In our series, socially acceptable continence was obtained in only 20 patients (52%) by conservative management. The present study suggests that the limitation of conservative treatment seems to be apparent when they have urethral closure deficiency and/or intractable poor vesical compliance.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1757-5672.2010.00070.x

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Language：Japanese  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

We report a rare case of primitive neuroectodermal tumor arising from adrenal gland in adulthood, diagnosed preoperatively as having non-functional adrenocortical adenoma. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed. Immunohistological examination revealed the definite diagnosis as primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the adrenal gland. Although primitive neuroectodermal tumor is a highly malignant neoplasm, there is no evidence of local recurrence and distant metastasis 16 months after surgery.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2006.01361.x

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OBJECTIVES: To clarify the correlation of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression and fibronectin (FN) synthesis after transforming growth factor-beta-1 (TGF-beta1) stimulation in human prostate stromal cells. METHODS: Primary cultures of human prostate stromal cells were established from nine normal prostates by the explant method. The gene and protein expressions of CTGF and FN after TGF-beta1 treatment were examined. We also investigated the effect of CTGF blockade on TGF-beta1-induced FN synthesis by CTGF antisense oligodeoxynucleotide treatment. RESULTS: CTGF expression was detected in all nine prostate stromal cells by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. In prostatic tissues, CTGF expression was observed more strongly in epithelial cells than in the stromal area by immunohistochemistry. The upregulation of both CTGF and FN protein by TGF-beta1 treatment was demonstrated in a dose-dependent manner. CTGF antisense oligodeoxynucleotide inhibited TGF-beta1-stimulated FN synthesis. CONCLUSIONS: CTGF plays a crucial role in extracellular matrix production as a TGF-beta1 downstream mediator in human prostate stromal cells, suggesting that CTGF blockade is likely to be a therapeutic target against benign prostatic hyperplasia.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

We previously reported a case of bilateral ureteral stenosis accompanied by systemic lupus erythematosus, which was successfully managed by total ureteral reconstruction using a segment of the ileum. Herein, we describe an unusual complication in the same patient, which we experienced 5 years after the ileal-ureteral substitution. Left-sided back pain repeated together with transient obstruction of the ileal ureter interposed between the right and left renal pelvis. Consequently, exploratory laparotomy revealed that left colic vessels oppressed and caused obstruction, and the obstructed ileal ureter was released by reconstitution of these vessels instead of re-anastomosis of the ileal ureter. Left hydronephrosis and related back pain disappeared postoperatively. The number of patients with an indication of ileal-ureteral substitution is increasing for various disorders, and thus, the present report gives additional suggestions for the follow up of patients with ileal ureter.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2006.01232.x

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Objectives. SMemb/non-muscle myosin heavy chain B (SMemb/NMMHC-B) is most abundantly expressed in proliferating smooth muscle cells and correlates with phenotypic changes from a contractive to a proliferative type. The stromal cells of the prostate play a crucial role in the regulation of prostatic growth and function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the multifunctional cytokine transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) on SMemb/NMMHC-B mRNA expression and stromal cell growth. The expression of the SM2 isoform of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SMMHC) mRNA was also examined. Material and methods. Primary cultures of prostate stromal cells were established by means of an explant method from eight normal prostates. The effects of TGF-β1 on stromal cell growth were determined by means of a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide conversion assay. SMemb/NMMHC-B and SM2 mRNA expression were analyzed quantitatively by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results. In the absence of TGF-β1, cells expressed α-smooth muscle actin and vimentin. After TGF-β1 treatment, the expression of α-smooth muscle actin increased and cells also expressed desmin. TGF-β1 at concentrations of 1.0, 5.0 and 10 ng/ml suppressed cell growth by 72%, 62% and 56%, respectively, downregulated SMemb/NMMHC-B mRNA expression by 71%, 52% and 38%, respectively and upregulated SM2 mRNA expression 2.1-, 3.0- and 5.3-fold, respectively. Conclusions. These results demonstrate that TGF-β1 modulates the smooth muscle cell phenotype from a proliferative to a contractile type and that the inhibitory effects of TGF-β1 on stromal cell growth correlate with downregulation of the SMemb/NMMHC-B gene. © 2005 Taylor &amp
Francis.

DOI： 10.1080/00365590500192918

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本泌尿器科学会  

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Background: Nitric oxide (NO) has been suggested to have polar roles in carcinogenesis with both antitumor and tumor promoting activity, and the status of NO synthase (NOS) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has not yet been completely elucidated. Materials and Methods: We investigated the expression and induction of inducible NOS (iNOS) in RCC specimens and cell lines, respectively. Results: Although the expression of iNOS was not observed in primary lesions or in metastatic sites, it was found in 6 cases of 11 tumor thrombi. The cause-specific survival rate of patients with iNOS-positive tumor thrombi was lower than that of patients with iNOS-negative tumor thrombi, showing borderline significance. iNOS-mRNA and protein were expressed in A498 and A704 RCC cells under hypoxic conditions. Conclusion: iNOS is suggested to be a significant molecule for RCC to acquire not only hypoxic adaptation but also the ability to invade into veins and form tumor thrombi.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本泌尿器科学会  

症例は38歳男で,2年9ヶ月前,両側副腎褐色細胞腫に対して副腎切除術を行った.2年4ヶ月前に左腎腫瘍を認め,左腎部分切除術を施行した.病理所見は腎細胞癌で,遺伝子解析ではcodon167番のmissense変異が同定された.8ヶ月前,右腎腫瘍を認めたが,拡張型心筋症に伴う心機能低下のため手術は困難と考え,現在経過観察中である

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2002&ichushi_jid=J01175&link_issn=&doc_id=20021002090008&doc_link_id=110003060635&url=http%3A%2F%2Fci.nii.ac.jp%2Fnaid%2F110003060635&type=CiNii&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00003_1.gif

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

A 38-year-old man who had been followed with diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy and retinal angioma was referred to our hospital because of incidentally detected bilateral adrenal masses. Although he was normotensive, levels of catecholamine in urine were elevated and I131-MIBG scintigraphy showed accumulation in bilateral adrenal glands. Screening of central nervous system by MRI revealed cerebellar hemangioblastoma. Right adrenalectomy and left partial adrenalectomy were performed, both of which tumors pathologically diagnosed as pheochromocytoma, followed by resection of the cerebellar hemangioblastoma. Five months later, abdominal CT revealed a left renal tumor and underwent left partial nephrectomy, being diagnosed as renal cell carcinoma. A right renal tumor was detected on follow up CT at 1 year after the partial nephrectomy. Since cardiac function was deteriorated, we have followed with careful observation. This is the second documented case of bilateral renal cell carcinomas and bilateral pheochromocytomas with VHL in Japan.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Purpose: There have been several studies on the presence of circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood of patients with malignant tumors including prostate cancer (PCa) using reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). One of the aims of these studies was to obtain high sensitivity that would enable early-stage diagnosis. However, they varied in their detection rates, and the methods were rather complicated. We have improved the RT-PCR assay combining three prostate-associated molecules, prostate specific antigen (PSA), prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), and prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) to reveal patients with poor prognosis. Experimental Design: Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 129 patients including 58 cases of PCa and 71 cases of nonmalignant disorders. Total RNA was extracted from 1 ml of whole blood using a commercially available kit. Results: The sensitivity of PSA-, PSMA-, and PSCA-nested RT-PCR was verified with positive signals of a single LNCaP cell in 1 ml of female blood sample. PSA-, PSMA-, and PSCA-mRNA were detected in 7 (12.1%), 12 (20.7%), and 8 (13.8%) PCa, and in 1, 2, and 0 samples in nonmalignant disorders, respectively. Among 58 PCa patients, each PCR indicated the prognostic value in the hierarchy of PSCA&gt
PSA&gt
PSMA RT-PCR, and extraprostatic cases with positive PSCA PCR indicated lower disease-progression-free survival than those with negative PSCA PCR. Conclusions: The present findings suggest that PSCA PCR would be most promising for the molecular staging of PCa. The present RT-PCR is a highly cost-effective and rapid procedure, enabling the molecular staging of PCa with RT PCR as a diagnostic routine.

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High-dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation in advanced germ cell tumour (GCT) patients is widely applied. The aims of this study were: (1) To examine the presence of alphafetoprotein (AFP) bearing tumour cells in PBSC harvests from advanced GCT patients obtained after multiple cycles of induction chemotherapy. (2) To determine whether induction chemotherapy contributed to in vivo purging of the tumour. We evaluated cryopreserved PBSC samples from 5 patients with advanced stage II/III AFP producing GCT. PBSC were separated after the first, second and third cycles of induction chemotherapy. Those samples were analysed using the nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method to detect AFP mRNA. Although, in all patients, AFP mRNA was detected in PBSC samples after the first or second cycle of induction chemotherapy, but was not detected in 3 of 4 samples after the third cycle of chemotherapy. Although it is not clear whether tumour cells contaminating PBSC fraction contribute to disease relapse, PBSC harvested after at least 3 cycles of induction chemotherapy might be recommended to avoid such a possibility. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign.

DOI： 10.1054/bjoc.2001.2050

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate biopsy is standard diagnostic procedure for prostate cancer (PCa). However, possibility of dissemination of cancer cells by biopsy is not negligible. To investigate this possibility, we examined prostate specific antigen (PSA)-bearing cells in peripheral blood of the 108 patients before and after prostate biopsy. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 108 patients with elevated serum PSA (sPSA) levels, who had undergone sextant prostate biopsy using TRUS. The presence of PSA-mRNA bearing cells was examined using the nested RT-PCR method enabling detection of one LNCaP cell diluted in 1 ml of whole blood. Among 108 patients, 62 and 46 were diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and PCa, respectively. PSA-mRNA was detected in 3 PCa cases but in no BPH patients before and after biopsy, and in 16 BPH (25.8%) and in 21 PCa (45.7%) patients only after biopsy (P &lt
0.01). The patients with positive mRNA before biopsy had higher sPSA (P &lt
0.001), and those after biopsy had higher sPSA and PSA density (PSAD) levels (P &lt
0.05). Positive PSA-mRNA cases had more cancer involved biopsy cores than the negative PSA-mRNA cases (P &lt
0.001). Although further investigations are needed, the present findings suggest that prostate biopsy might scatter prostate cells in the blood stream especially in cases with high sPSA and, thus, might contribute to tumour spreading in the cases of prostate cancer. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer.com.

DOI： 10.1054/bjoc.2001.1924

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Language：English   Publisher：LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS  

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the expression and localization of the P2Y(1) purinoceptor mRNA in rat penis and urinary bladder using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), northern blotting and in situ hybridization (ISH).
Materials and Methods: RT-PCR: First strand cDNA was prepared from rat penis and urinary bladder dome total RNA and used for PCR with primers designed to amplify fragments of the P2Y(1) purinoceptor cDNA sequence. Northern blotting: PCR products were subcloned into the pGEM-5Zf(+) plasmid vector, sequenced and random primer labeled using P-32. Labeled probe was hybridized, ISH: Digoxigenin labeled cRNA probes were synthesized by in vitro transcription,
Results: P2Y1 purinoceptor mRNA was detected by RT-PCR analysis in both rat penis and urinary bladder. RNA blotting using a P2Y(1) purinoceptor cDNA probe revealed a single transcript of 4.2kb in both tissues. This band was the same size as that expressed by the heart, which contains high levels of P2Y(1) purinoceptor (Burnstock, G,: Physiological and pathological roles of purines: an update. Drug. Dev. Res., 28: 195, 1993). By ISH, P2Y(1) purinoceptor mRNA was localized in detrusor smooth muscle cells and blood vessels in urinary bladder. In penis, positive signals were detected in endothelial cells which line the lacunar space and blood vessels. No hybridization was seen in corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells and urethra.
Conclusion: These results indicate that mRNAs for P2Y(1) purinoceptor are expressed in detrusor smooth muscle cells and blood vessels of rat urinary bladder. However, in penis, this receptor is expressed in endothelial cells which lines the lacunar space and blood vessels, but not expressed in corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells and urethra.

DOI： 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)62963-X

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