記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本緑内障学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本緑内障学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本緑内障学会  

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：MDPI AG  

Spasm of near reflex (SNR) involves intermittent spasm of one or more of the three near reflex components. Psychiatric disorders are one cause of SNR. We describe a patient with SNR diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A 36-year-old male with esotropia since childhood was referred due to headache and dizziness. The alternate prism cover test showed 30 prism diopters at both near and distant fixation. Four months after his first visit, he was diagnosed with ASD. Twenty-nine months after his first visit, he underwent strabismus surgery to treat concomitant esotropia. Postoperatively, the angle of strabismus improved but remained variable. Because the angle of strabismus varied, we suspected SNR; the diagnosis was performed after evaluating the patient’s microfluctuations in accommodation with Speedy-K. However, it was difficult to distinguish convergence spasm from concomitant esotropia in this patient because he has had a history of esotropia since childhood. In a patient with concomitant esotropia, if the symptoms are not exclusively due to strabismus, SNR should be suspected. Although the relationship between SNR and the pathology of ASD is unknown, it is possible that patients with ASD are more likely to develop SNR.

DOI： 10.3390/reports6030038

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：MDPI AG  

This study investigated the influence of asymmetric corneal hysteresis (CH) on asymmetric visual field impairment between right and left eyes in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) without a history of intraocular surgery. CH, corneal resistance factor (CRF), and corneal compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc) were measured using the Ocular Response Analyzer. Differences between the eyes (right eye–left eye: DIFRL) and CH-based and in target parameters (higher CH eye–lower CH eye: DIFCH) were calculated in the same patient. In 242 phakic eyes of 121 patients, older age (p < 0.001), lower CH (p = 0.001), and lower CRF (p = 0.007) were significantly associated with worse standard automated perimetry (SAP) 24-2 mean deviation (MD). The DIFsRL in axial length (p = 0.003), IOPcc (p = 0.028), and CH (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with the DIFRL in SAP24-2 MD, but not in central corneal thickness (CCT), Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) measurement, and CRF. When dividing the patients into two groups based on the median of the CH DIFsCH (0.46), the DIFsCH in CRF (p < 0.001), IOPcc (p < 0.001), CCT (p = 0.004), SAP24-2 MD (p < 0.001), and SAP10-2 MD (p = 0.010) were significantly different between the groups. Large inter-eye asymmetry in CH is an important explanatory factor for disease worsening in patients with POAG.

DOI： 10.3390/jcm12134514

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)  

DOI： 10.1097/iae.0000000000003644

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Japanese Society of Internal Medicine  

DOI： 10.2169/internalmedicine.2176-23

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Hindawi Limited  

DOI： 10.1002/humu.24492

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その他リンク： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/humu.24492

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ajoc.2022.101729

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

Abstract

Background

Posterior microphthalmos (PM) is a rare condition with poor visual prognosis even after amblyopia treatment. We report a case of PM with achievement of good visual acuity and disappearance of papillomacular retinal folds (PFs) over a period of 7 years.

Case presentation

A girl aged 3 years and 5 months was referred to our hospital, after poor visual acuity was identified at a medical checkup for 3-year-olds. She had severe spherical hyperopia: + 17.25 D in the right eye (RE) and + 18 D in the left eye (LE). Her corrected visual acuity was 20/200 in the RE and 20/250 in the LE. PFs were observed in both eyes on optical coherence tomography (OCT), and the diagnosis of PM was made based on the normal corneal diameter and anterior chamber depth. During the course of the disease, a gradual decrease in the height of the PFs was observed on OCT. The corrected visual acuity at age 10 years was 20/20 in the RE and 20/25 in the LE.

Conclusions

The visual prognosis of PM is poor, and only one case with good visual acuity has been reported in the literature. The patient in the present case not only developed good visual acuity, but also showed improvement in macular morphology, which was not noted in previous reports. Early diagnosis of PM and early amblyopia treatment is important for the visual development in PM.

DOI： 10.1186/s12886-022-02648-9

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その他リンク： https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12886-022-02648-9/fulltext.html

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

DOI： 10.1007/s10384-022-00954-9

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その他リンク： https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10384-022-00954-9/fulltext.html

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本緑内障学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本緑内障学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本緑内障学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Although eyelid reconstruction by transplanting an autologous free tarsoconjunctival graft (FTG) is a well-established technique, few studies have examined the postoperative course of FTG transplantation for East Asian eyelids, including those of Japanese patients. Therefore, this study investigated complication and reoperation rates after FTG transplantation in the reconstruction of East Asian (Japanese) eyelids. This study included 42 eyelids wherein posterior lobe reconstruction after resection of a malignant tumour of the eyelid was performed by FTG transplantation between 2007 and 2019 at Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital. We investigated complications and need for revision surgery during the patients' postoperative courses. The relationship between postoperative complications, tumour diameter, and eyelid defect width was statistically examined. Of 42 cases reconstructed with FTG, the upper eyelid was reconstructed in 23. Postoperative complications were observed in 12 cases (52%): entropion in eight and corneal epithelial disorder in four. Revision surgery was required in three of those cases (13%). There were 19 cases of lower eyelid reconstruction. Postoperative complications were observed in seven cases (32%): ectropion in three and corneal epithelial disorder in two and one lower eyelid ptosis. Two of these cases (11%) required revision surgery. There was no statistically significant difference in tumour diameter between cases with and without postoperative complications. There was also no significant association between the width of the eyelid defect and the presence/absence of complications. Entropion and ectropion were more likely to occur in the upper and lower eyelids, respectively. For Japanese eyelids, complication rates after FTG transplantation were approximately 50% and 30% for the upper and lower eyelids, respectively. The revision surgery rate was approximately 10% for both upper and lower eyelids. As these revision surgery rates are low, FTG transplantation may be an option for the reconstruction of Japanese eyelids.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jpra.2022.04.003

PubMed

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担当区分：最終著者  

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担当区分：最終著者  

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担当区分：最終著者  

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

<title>Abstract</title>We non-invasively evaluated macular non-perfused areas (m-NPAs) of branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography and the Humphrey visual field analyser 10-2 programme (HFA 10-2). We enrolled 30 patients (30 eyes) with macular oedema secondary to BRVO. OCT angiography was used to photograph the macula at 6 × 6-mm; sizes of m-NPAs in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) were measured in four areas. For HFA 10-2, we divided the actual measurement threshold of 68 points into four areas and calculated the mean central visual field sensitivity (CVFS). The correlation between the mean m-NPA and mean CVFS (dB) in each area was examined. There was a strong correlation between the m-NPA of each region detected in SCP and DCP, and the mean CVFS of each corresponding area (SCP: r = − 0.83, r = − 0.64, r = − 0.73, and r = − 0.79; DCP: r = − 0.82, r = − 0.71, r = − 0.71, and r = − 0.70), p values were &lt; 0.001 for all. m-NPAs were associated with decreased visual field sensitivity in BRVO. Non-invasive m-NPA evaluation was possible using OCT angiography and HFA 10-2.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-021-84240-7

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その他リンク： http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-84240-7

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本緑内障学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: To assess the effect of maintenance therapy on visual outcomes in preventing recurrences one year after first onset in patients with aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4Ab)-positive optic neuritis. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. METHODS: The medical charts of 56 patients with optic neuritis (22 with AQP4Ab-positive and 34 with AQP4Ab-negative) at Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical characteristics, including visual acuity and number of recurrences one year after first onset, were compared among patients who were AQP4Ab-positivie with and those without maintenance therapy such as oral prednisolone and azathioprine, as well as those who were AQP4Ab-negative. RESULTS: The mean ages were 49.3 and 45.2 years in the AQP4Ab-positive and the AQP4Ab-negative groups. The female to male ratio was 21:1 and 18:16 in the two groups, respectively. Multiple between-group comparison showed a statistically significant difference in visual acuity one year after first onset between the AQP4Ab-positive without maintenance therapy group and the AQP4Ab-negative group (0.05 (median, same applies below) vs. 1.0, p < 0.01). There was also a statistically significant difference in the number of recurrences in the year after first onset between the AQP4Ab-positive with and without maintenance therapy groups (1 vs. 0, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that patients with AQP4Ab-positive optic neuritis without maintenance therapy had the poorest visual acuity and the most recurrences one year after first onset. These results indicate that reducing the number of recurrences with maintenance therapy could improve the visual outcomes in patients with AQP4Ab-positive optic neuritis.

DOI： 10.1007/s10384-021-00858-0

PubMed

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本緑内障学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

DOI： 10.1007/s10384-021-00830-y

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その他リンク： https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10384-021-00830-y/fulltext.html

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

PURPOSE: Patients with an eye disease often report nyctalopia, hemianopia, and/or photophobia. We hypothesized that such symptoms are related to the disease impacting the dynamic range of lightness perception (DRL). However, there is currently no standardized approach for measuring DRL for clinical use. We developed an efficient measurement method to estimate DRL. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical trial METHODS: Fifty-five photophobic patients with eye disease and 46 controls participated. Each participant judged the appearance of visual stimuli, a thick bar with luminance that gradually changed from maximum to minimum was displayed on uniform background. On different trials the background luminance changed pseudo-randomly between three levels. The participants repeatedly tapped a border on the bar that divided the appearance of grayish white/black and perfect white/black. We defined the DRL as the ratio between the luminance values at the tapped point of the border between gray and white/black. RESULTS: The mean DRL of the patients was approximately 15 dB, significantly smaller than that of the controls (20 dB). The center of each patient's DRL shift depending on background luminance, which we named index of contextual susceptibility (iCS), was significantly larger than controls. The DRL of retinitis pigmentosa was smaller than controls for every luminance condition. Only the iCS of glaucoma was significantly larger than controls. CONCLUSIONS: This measurement technique detects an abnormality of the DRL. The results support our hypothesis that the DRL abnormality characterizes lightness-relevant symptoms that may elucidate the causes of nyctalopia, hemeralopia, and photophobia.

DOI： 10.1007/s10384-020-00808-2

PubMed

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その他リンク： https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10384-020-00808-2/fulltext.html

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：(株)医学書院  

＜文献概要＞目的:片眼の水痘帯状疱疹ウイルス(VZV)による急性網膜壊死(ARN)の発症10年後に僚眼にも同ウイルスによるARNが発症し,初発眼および10年後の再発眼ともPCR定量を行った症例の報告。症例:66歳,男性。前医にて10年前に右眼にVZV(前房水にて6.8×106copies/ml)によるARNを罹患し,網膜剥離を発症した。治療として,抗ウイルス療法や硝子体手術により加療されていた。左眼のARNの疑いで当院を受診した。当院受診時の矯正視力は右(0.1),左(0.5)であり,左眼の角膜後面沈着物,眼底上方の黄白色滲出斑を認めた。臨床所見と反対眼の経過から,僚眼にARNが発症したと判断した。即日入院とし,アシクロビルの点滴とステロイドの全身投与を行った。当院受診時に採取した前房水からは6.8×104copies/mlのVZVが検出され,10年前に測定した初発眼に比べて1/100であった。治療後,左眼の硝子体混濁は増悪なく,最終視力は左(0.6)であった。現時点でも網膜剥離の発症はない。結論:片眼のARN発症から10年後に僚眼に再発することがあり,右眼に比べてウイルス量が少ない左眼は予後が良好であった。

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その他リンク： https://search-tp.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2021&ichushi_jid=J01537&link_issn=&doc_id=20210406030023&doc_link_id=10.11477%2Fmf.1410213970&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.11477%2Fmf.1410213970&type=%88%E3%8F%91.jp_%83I%81%5B%83%8B%83A%83N%83Z%83X&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00024_2.gif

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)医学書院  

＜文献概要＞目的:生来健康な若年男性で,非感染性ぶどう膜炎との鑑別が困難であった内因性細菌性眼内炎の症例を経験したので報告する。症例:18歳,男性。皮膚潰瘍の治療中に突然の右眼の眼痛・視力低下が生じた。所見:右眼視力は指数弁で,前房に前房蓄膿,線維素析出があり,強い硝子体混濁を認めた。左眼に異常を認めなかった。非感染性ぶどう膜炎と感染性眼内炎との鑑別に難渋したが,抗菌薬硝子体内注射に反応し,皮膚病巣からメチシリン耐性黄色ブドウ球菌(MRSA)が検出されたため,内因性細菌性眼内炎を強く疑い,速やかに硝子体切除術を施行した。術中に採取した前房水からは細菌,真菌ともに培養されず,MRSAも検出されなかったが,硝子体手術後に炎症所見と視機能は改善した。結論:眼内炎の診断では,感染性か非感染性かの鑑別は非常に大切である。

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その他リンク： https://search-tp.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2021&ichushi_jid=J01537&link_issn=&doc_id=20210301070008&doc_link_id=10.11477%2Fmf.1410213928&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.11477%2Fmf.1410213928&type=%88%E3%8F%91.jp_%83I%81%5B%83%8B%83A%83N%83Z%83X&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00024_2.gif

担当区分：最終著者  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：(株)メディカル葵出版  

緑内障患者65例のGoldmann型視野計と自動視野計による視野障害等級について検討した。Goldmann型視野計での周辺視野角度、両眼中心視野角度と、自動視野計での両眼開放Estermanテスト視認点数、10-2プログラム両眼視認点数を求めて視野障害等級判定を実施した。Goldmann型視野計での周辺視野角度が両眼ともに80°以下の群では、6例全例(100.00%)が異級となった。一眼のみが80°以下の群では、同級が14例(46.67%)、異級が16例(53.33%)、両眼ともに81°以上の群では、同級が19例(65.52%)、異級が10例(34.48%)であった。二つの視野計での視野障害等級は、視野の残存状態、視覚特性、測定原理や検査条件の違いから乖離が生じる。このことに医療者は留意する必要がある。(著者抄録)

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2021&ichushi_jid=J01784&link_issn=&doc_id=20210127230018&doc_link_id=%2Fah9atgke%2F2021%2F003801%2F019%2F0097b0101%26dl%3D3&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fah9atgke%2F2021%2F003801%2F019%2F0097b0101%26dl%3D3&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_4.gif

記述言語：英語  

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of Japanese patients with optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH), with particular attention to the prevalence of brain abnormalities. We retrospectively analysed the medical charts of 16 patients who were diagnosed with ONH and who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital. We recorded the age, sex, laterality, initial eye and visual symptoms, best-corrected visual acuity, and brain abnormalities on MRI (excluding ONH). The median age at the first visit to the Ophthalmology Clinic was 2.4 years old. Four patients were male and 12 were female. ONH was bilateral in 11 patients and unilateral in five. Best-corrected visual acuity ranged from no light perception to 20/20. Seven patients (43.8%) had brain abnormalities including agenesis of the septum pellucidum, pituitary gland hypofunction, cerebral dysplasia, and West syndrome. Five of these seven patients had general manifestations since the neonatal or infantile period. Our study revealed the prevalence of brain abnormalities associated with optic nerve hypoplasia in Japanese patients at a single institute. Because two of 11 patients had no general manifestations since the neonatal or infantile period but demonstrated brain abnormalities, MRI should be performed to investigate all patients with ONH.

DOI： 10.1080/01658107.2020.1844758

PubMed

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Igaku-Shoin Ltd  

Purpose : To report a case of bacterial endophthalmitis due to skin ulcer in a previously healthy young man. Case ^ An 18-year-old man undergoing treatment for skin ulcer suddenly noticed pain and impaired vision in the right eye. Findings ^ Visual acuity in the right eye was counting fingers. The right eye showed hypopyon, fibrinous exudation in the anterior chamber, and severe vitreous opacity. His left eye showed normal findings. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was cultured from subcutaneous abscess. Because of the effectiveness of intravitreal antimicrobial agents, we diagnosed the patient with endogenous endophthalmitis caused by a subcutaneous abscess. The patient s symptoms improved after vitrectomy. Conclusion i It is very important to distinguish infectiousness and non-infectiousness endophthalmitis.

Scopus

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Nature Research  

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ripasudil for treatment of secondary glaucoma, a historical cohort study was conducted at 18 centres in Japan. Adults (age ≥20 years) who needed additional IOP reduction and received topical 0.4% ripasudil between 2014 and 2018 due to three secondary glaucoma subtypes, including uveitic glaucoma (UG), exfoliation glaucoma (EG) or steroid-induced glaucoma (SG) were assessed for mean IOP change from baseline prior to additional treatment with ripasudil. We further evaluated the IOP change in each glaucoma subtype, baseline characteristics of each cohort, course of uveitis-induced inflammation in UG eyes, and proportion of patients in each cohort with adverse events. In 332 eyes from 332 patients eligible for this study, the mean overall IOP reductions from baseline at 1, 3, and 6 months were −5.86 ± 9.04 mmHg (−19.4 ± 25.1%), −6.18 ± 9.03 mmHg (−20.0 ± 27.1%), and −7.00 ± 8.60 mmHg (−23.4 ± 25.6%), respectively. These changes were all statistically significant. Of 332 eyes, 109 eyes had UG, 181 had EG, and 42 eyes had SG. The IOP-lowering effects of ripasudil in UG and SG were significantly greater than those of EG at every time point. This finding could have been related to higher baseline IOP levels in UG and SG. UG patients exhibited significant decreases in mean cell score of the anterior segment after ripasudil treatment. No severe adverse events were reported. These findings suggest that treatment with ripasudil is a safe and effective therapeutic modality for IOP reduction in secondary glaucoma.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-020-66928-4

Scopus

PubMed

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：日本神経眼科学会  

目的:高血圧性網膜症による乳頭腫脹と鑑別を要した特発性頭蓋内圧亢進症によるうっ血乳頭の1例を報告する.症例:当科初診時42歳,女性.無治療の高血圧があり,網膜出血・軟性白斑の他に網膜趨壁を伴う旺盛な乳頭腫脹がみられ,程度が強い乳頭腫脹であることからうっ血乳頭を積極的に疑い,頭部画像検査・髄液検査を行って特発性頭蓋内圧亢進症の診断に至った.結論:本症例は診断に至るまでに高血圧性網膜症による乳頭腫脹との鑑別を要したため,特発性頭蓋内圧亢進症の診断を考える上で重要な症例であった.うっ血乳頭の診断には頭部画像検査・髄液検査を積極的に行うことが重要であることが改めて示唆された.(著者抄録)

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その他リンク： https://search-tp.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2020&ichushi_jid=J01767&link_issn=&doc_id=20210108570006&doc_link_id=%2Fex4sinke%2F2020%2F003704%2F007%2F0400-0405%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fex4sinke%2F2020%2F003704%2F007%2F0400-0405%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

<title>Abstract</title>Mitophagy plays an important role in the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis. PTEN-induced kinase (PINK1), a key regulator of mitophagy, is degraded constitutively under steady-state conditions. During mitophagy, it becomes stabilized in the outer mitochondrial membrane, particularly under mitochondrial stress conditions, such as in treatment with uncouplers, generation of excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and formation of protein aggregates in mitochondria. Stabilized PINK1 recruits and activates E3 ligases, such as Parkin and mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase (MUL1), to ubiquitinate mitochondrial proteins and induce ubiquitin-mediated mitophagy. Here, we found that the anticancer drug gemcitabine induces the stabilization of PINK1 and subsequent mitophagy, even in the absence of Parkin. We also found that gemcitabine-induced stabilization of PINK1 was not accompanied by mitochondrial depolarization. Interestingly, the stabilization of PINK1 was mediated by MUL1. These results suggest that gemcitabine induces mitophagy through MUL1-mediated stabilization of PINK1 on the mitochondrial membrane independently of mitochondrial depolarization.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-020-58315-w

PubMed

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その他リンク： http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-58315-w

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

<title>Abstract</title><sec>
<title>Background</title>
Steep Trendelenburg position (ST) during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) poses a risk of increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) in men receiving robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). The aim of the study was to identify clinicopathological factors associated with increased IOP during RARP.


</sec><sec>
<title>Methods</title>
We prospectively studied 59 consecutive prostate cancer patients without glaucoma. IOP was measured at 6 predefined time points before, during and after the operation (T1 to T6).


</sec><sec>
<title>Results</title>
Compared with T1, IOP decreased after beginning of anesthesia(T2) (by − 6.5 mmHg, <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05), and increased 1 h after induction of pneumoperitoneum in the steep Trendelenburg position (ST) (T3) (+ 7.3 mmHg, <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05). IOP continued to increase until the end of ST (T4) (+ 10.2 mmHg, p &lt; 0.05), and declined when the patient was returned to supine position under general anesthesia (T5) (T1: 20.0 and T5: 20.1 mmHg, p above 0.05). The console time affected the elevation of IOP in ST; IOP elevation during ST was more prominent in men with a console time of ≥4 h (<italic>n</italic> = 39) than in those with a console time of &lt; 4 h (<italic>n</italic> = 19) (19.8 ± 6.3 and 15.4 ± 5.8 mmHg, respectively, <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05). Of the 59 patients, 29 had a high baseline IOP (20.0 mmHg or higher), and their IOP elevated during ST was also reduced at T5 (T1: 22.6 and T5: 21.7 mmHg, p above 0.05). There were no postoperative ocular complications.


</sec><sec>
<title>Conclusions</title>
Console time of &lt; 4 h is important to prevent extreme elevation of IOP during RARP. Without long console time, RARP may be safely performed in those with relatively high baseline IOP.


</sec>

DOI： 10.1186/s12894-020-00595-5

PubMed

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その他リンク： http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12894-020-00595-5/fulltext.html

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本視能訓練士協会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本眼科紀要会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Public Library of Science (PLoS)  

We aimed to evaluate choroid structural changes using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) following hemodialysis initiation in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). In this multicenter, prospective, cross-sectional study, diabetic (DM group; 30 eyes; 16 patients) and nondiabetic patients (NDM group; 30 eyes; 15 patients) with ESKD were evaluated after hemodialysis initiation. SS-OCT findings were analyzed using a manual delineation technique and binarization method before the first and last hemodialysis sessions, conducted approximately 2 weeks apart. Subfoveal choroidal thickness changes and mean large choroidal vessel layer thickness were significantly greater in the DM group (-13.3% ± 2.5% and -14.5% ± 5.2%, respectively) than the NDM group (-9.5% ± 3.1% and -9.2% ± 3.4%, respectively; p = 0.049 and p = 0.02, respectively). Binarized SS-OCT analysis revealed that the mean subfoveal choroidal area was significantly larger in the DM group (-21.9% ± 6.5%) than the NDM group (-17.2% ± 5.9%; p = 0.032). The change ratio in mean luminal area values was significantly greater in the DM group (-27.7% ± 8.7%) than the NDM group (-17.7% ± 5.8%; p = 0.007). The DM group exhibited substantial changes in the choroidal layer, possibly reflecting choroidal vascular disorders caused by diabetes.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0239072

PubMed

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：日本神経眼科学会  

眼球運動制限を伴う固定内斜視を呈する強度近視性斜視に対する術式として上外直筋結合術の効果は確立されている。一方、画像上眼球の筋円錐からの脱臼がみられるが眼球運動制限を伴わない強度近視性斜視に対する上外直筋結合術の効果についての報告は少ない。我々は眼球運動制限を伴わない強度近視性内斜視に対して上外直筋結合術を施行し、術後約6年間経過観察を行うことができた症例を経験した。画像上両眼に筋円錐からの脱臼がみられたが、程度のより強い右眼に上外直筋結合術を施行した。術後、内斜視は改善したが術眼が上斜視となり僚眼の下直筋後転法を施行した。経過良好だったが上外直筋結合術施行から5年後に水平性複視が増悪し、プリズム組込眼鏡装用で複視は改善した。本症例の経過と既報から眼球運動制限がなく両眼に眼球の脱臼がみられる強度近視性症例では、両眼の上外直筋結合術を計画するのが良いと考えられた。(著者抄録)

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その他リンク： https://search-tp.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2020&ichushi_jid=J01767&link_issn=&doc_id=20200930580009&doc_link_id=%2Fex4sinke%2F2020%2F003703%2F010%2F0317-0321%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fex4sinke%2F2020%2F003703%2F010%2F0317-0321%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Elsevier BV  

PURPOSE: To investigate the spatial and temporal relationship between disc hemorrhage (DH) and structural progression in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in a 3-year prospective study. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with POAG and intraocular pressure of ≤18 mmHg on monotherapy with prostaglandin analogs. METHODS: Fundus photographs were taken at baseline and every 3 months for 3 years. Disc hemorrhage and structural progression were detected independently by flicker chronoscopy. If present, clock-hour disc locations in the right eye format and colocalization were determined. Statistical comparisons were based on mixed-effects models accounting for the correlation between different disc sites within the same eye and between fellow eyes in the same patient. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relationship between DH and structural progression at the same site. RESULTS: Among 195 eyes of 115 patients, DH appeared in 85 sites in 65 eyes (33.3%) and was most frequently at the 7 o'clock disc location (29.4%, P < 0.0001). Structural progression occurred at 63 sites of 52 eyes (26.7%) comparably in both superior and inferior hemidiscs, which was mostly detected as widening of the retinal nerve fiber layer defects (RNFLDs). Temporal RNFLD widening was common, whereas nasal widening occurred exclusively in the vertical quadrants (P = 0.035). Of 41 progression sites in eyes with DH, 28 sites (68.2%) had both DH and progression. Progression sites with DH were less common in the superior quadrant than in the inferior and temporal quadrants (P = 0.011). Eyes with DH had a significantly higher risk of progression than eyes without DH (hazard ratio, 3.72; P < 0.0001). For 63 progression sites, DH recurrence and more visits with DH at the progression site were significantly associated with shorter time to progression from baseline (P = 0.021, P = 0.017, respectively), whereas colocalization of DH and progression were not. CONCLUSIONS: In a 3-year prospective study with a Japanese POAG cohort, the relationship between DH and RNFLD and the pattern of RNFLD progression differed by disc location. The association between more frequent DH at the progression site and shorter time to progression indicates that DH may reflect vulnerability to same-site structural deterioration.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ogla.2020.08.008

PubMed

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Hindawi Limited  

<italic>Purpose</italic>. To clarify the clinical features of patients with exfoliation glaucoma (XFG) requiring surgical intervention. <italic>Study Design</italic>. Retrospective study. <italic>Methods</italic>. The study included 46 eyes from 36 XFG patients, 85 eyes from 53 primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients, and 54 eyes from 35 normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) patients. Age, duration of previous glaucoma treatment, intraocular pressure, medication scores, visual function, and surgical procedure were compared among the three patient groups. <italic>Results</italic>. The XFG group had the highest mean age (XFG: 75.7 ± 8.3 years, POAG: 65.8 ± 12.8 years, and NTG: 53.3 ± 12.8 years; <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001</mml:mn></mml:math>) and the shortest mean duration of previous treatment with glaucoma medication (XFG: 5.1 ± 3.5 years, POAG: 8.9 ± 6.9 years, and NTG: 8.9 ± 5.9 years; <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001</mml:mn></mml:math>). Intraocular pressure and medication scores were slightly higher in the XFG group than in the POAG group, although the differences were not significant. Among XFG patients, trabeculectomy was performed in 20 eyes from 16 patients (55.6%) and trabeculotomy was performed in 16 eyes from 14 patients (44.4%). Both trabeculectomy (3 eyes) and trabeculotomy (14 eyes) were performed in combination with cataract surgery. <italic>Conclusions</italic>. The XFG patients referred to our department for initial examination were older than the POAG and NTG patients, and their duration of treatment before referral was shorter. Moreover, intraocular pressure and the eye drop medication score were higher in the XFG patients. A significantly higher percentage of XFG patients required surgical intervention compared to patients with other disease types.

DOI： 10.1155/2020/9423756

PubMed

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その他リンク： http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/joph/2020/9423756.xml

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Wiley  

DOI： 10.1111/aos.14506

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その他リンク： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/aos.14506

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)  

PRECIS: The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in optical coherence tomography angiography is significantly correlated with retinal inner layer thickness, Humphrey field analyzer (HFA) 10-2 sensitivity threshold, and mean deviation (MD) value in open-angle glaucoma patients. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to measure the FAZ area using optical coherence tomography angiography and investigate its relationship with retinal inner layer thickness and visual field defects in eyes with open-angle glaucoma. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: A total of 52 eyes with open-angle glaucoma from 52 patients. FAZ area was measured using optical coherence tomography angiography in angio-macula mode. Thicknesses of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer plus inner plexiform layer (GCL+IPL), and ganglion cell complex (GCC) were determined using a 7 mm×7 mm macular (V) map via 3D-OCT. Correlations of FAZ area with sensitivity threshold measurements, foveal threshold (FT), and MD value in the HFA10-2 visual field were analyzed for each inner retinal layer. RESULTS: FAZ area was 0.26±0.07 mm; overall mean thicknesses were 19.14±6.55 μm (RNFL), 57.34±5.93 µm (GCL+IPL), and 75.87±10.96 μm (GCC); mean FT was 35.23±3.15 dB, and sensitivity threshold was 20.81±7.22 dB in the HFA10-2 visual field. FAZ area was significantly correlated with the thickness of individual retinal layers in the entire field (RNFL, P<0.001; GCL+IPL, P<0.001; GCC, P<0.001), sensitivity threshold (P=0.01), FT (P<0.001), and MD value (P=0.011). CONCLUSION: FAZ area was significantly negatively correlated with retinal inner layer thickness, sensitivity threshold, FT, and MD value in the HFA10-2 visual field.

DOI： 10.1097/ijg.0000000000001492

PubMed

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) is the pathohistological feature of glaucoma in the optic nerve. The pathogenesis of GON has been hypothesized, to either originate from compromised mechanical conditions at the lamina cribrosa or as associated with pathological vascular involvement. From a historical perspective, glaucoma is the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) due to the elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP). The consensus of glaucoma treatment is generally accepted as sufficient IOP reduction. Is there an additional option to treat GON from the perspective of the vascular theory? In this section, two distinguished leaders in glaucoma research advance their views and discuss the current opinions surrounding the two theories regarding the causes of GON in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG).

DOI： 10.1007/s10384-020-00736-1

PubMed

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：(株)医学書院  

＜文献概要＞目的:急性網膜壊死(ARN)は高率に網膜剥離(RD)をきたし,視機能不良に至る症例が多い疾患である。RDを合併した例とRDを合併しなかった例で,臨床的経過・所見にどのような差があるのか,RDの原因となる臨床的所見や素因について比較検討した。検討には2015年の診断分類における臨床診断群も加えた。対象と方法:対象は2006年9月〜2018年12月にARNを発症し,新潟大学医歯学総合病院眼科(当科)で初診・治療された患者20例22眼。うち確定診断群18眼,臨床診断群4眼であった。これらのうちRDを発症した例(剥離例)と発症しなかった例(非剥離例)に分け,比較検討を行った。結果:両眼発症を20例中2例に認めた。原因ウイルスは水痘・帯状疱疹ウイルス15眼,単純ヘルペスウイルス3眼,PCR陰性4眼であった。12眼にRDを生じ,10眼はRDを生じなかった。年齢は,剥離例で50.3±18.7歳,非剥離例で69.0±16.6歳と,剥離例で有意に若年の傾向を認めた(p=0.049)。剥離例は非剥離例と比較し,有意差はなかったものの,比較的病変の範囲が狭い例が多かった(p=0.106)。剥離例と非剥離例の間の視神経乳頭所見・硝子体混濁・後部硝子体剥離の差はなかった。結論:当科では,RD例が非剥離例と比較して有意に若年の傾向を認めた。

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その他リンク： https://search-tp.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2020&ichushi_jid=J01537&link_issn=&doc_id=20200414020014&doc_link_id=10.11477%2Fmf.1410213522&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.11477%2Fmf.1410213522&type=%88%E3%8F%91.jp_%83I%81%5B%83%8B%83A%83N%83Z%83X&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00024_2.gif

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Public Library of Science (PLoS)  

PURPOSE: To estimate the central 10-degree visual field of glaucoma patients using en-face images obtained by optical coherence tomography (OCT), and to examine its usefulness. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-eight eyes of 38 patients with primary open angle glaucoma were examined. En-face images were obtained by swept-source OCT (SS-OCT). Nerve fiber bundles (NFBs) on en-face images at points corresponding to Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) 10-2 locations were identified with retinal ganglion cell displacement. Estimated visual fields were created based on the presence/absence of NFBs and compared to actual HFA10-2 data. κ coefficients were calculated between probability plots of visual fields and NFBs in en-face images. RESULTS: Actual HFA10-2 data and estimated visual fields based on en-face images were well matched: when the test points of <5%, <2%, and <1% of the probability plot in total deviation (TD) and pattern deviation (PD) of HFA were defined as points with visual field defects, the κ coefficients were 0.58, 0.64, and 0.66 in TD, respectively, and 0.68, 0.69, and 0.67 in PD. In eyes with spherical equivalent ≥ -6 diopters, κ coefficients for <5%, <2%, and <1% were 0.58, 0.62, and 0.63 in TD and 0.66, 0.67, and 0.65 in PD, whereas for the myopic group with spherical equivalent < -6 diopters, the values were 0.58, 0.69, and 0.71 in TD and 0.72, 0.71, and 0.71 in PD, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in κ coefficients between highly myopic eyes and eyes that were not highly myopic. CONCLUSIONS: NFB defects in en-face images were correlated with HFA10-2 data. Using en-face images obtained by OCT, the central 10-degree visual field was estimated, and a high degree of concordance with actual HFA10-2 data was obtained. This method may be useful for detecting functional abnormalities based on structural abnormalities.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0229867

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：新潟医学会  

【目的】眼科健診、人間ドックで緑内障を疑われ魚沼基幹病院眼科外来を受診した患者の緑内障の有無、緑内障の病型、重症度、受診後の動向を調査した。【方法】2015年6月から2019年10月までに魚沼基幹病院眼科を初診した症例のうち、緑内障に関わる病名を付与されたものを電子カルテネットワーク上で検索し、カルテを縦覧した。眼科健診、人間ドックで緑内障を疑われ受診した症例を抽出し、眼科医による問診や細隙灯顕微鏡検査、視力、眼圧測定、眼科学的画像解析、視野検査結果から緑内障の有無、緑内障の病型、重症度、診断後の治療内容、通院継続の有無を調査した。【結果】眼科健診、人間ドックにより緑内障を疑われ初診した症例数は108例(男性51例、女性57例)だった。そのうち緑内障患者は18例、緑内障を疑う眼底所見を呈しながらも視野障害を認めない前視野緑内障と診断されたのは14例、正常範囲内と判断されたのは70例だった。緑内障と診断された症例は緑内障点眼液一剤の処方または厳重な経過観察を開始された。定期的な経過観察を指示された71症例の中で受診が途絶えた症例が12例存在した。【結論】眼科健診で緑内障を疑われて受診した症例の16.7%に緑内障を認め、検出率は既報と同等だった。経過観察を行うと緑内障患者を含めて15.5%が通院中断しており、通院継続率を向上させる取り組みが必要である。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本眼科紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本眼科紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本眼科紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

目的:正常眼圧緑内障の加療中に視交叉部腫瘍の合併が明らかになった4例を提示し,腫瘍合併を疑うべき所見について検討する.症例:合併した視交叉部腫瘍は,3例は下垂体腺腫,1例は鞍結節部髄膜腫であった.いずれの症例も急速な視野障害進行と片眼もしくは両眼の視力低下を伴っていた.2例では乳頭蒼白を伴っていたが,2例ではなかった.症例1の両耳側半盲所見は,10°内視野測定で初めて検出された.結論:緑内障症例に視交叉部腫瘍合併を疑う眼科的所見として,垂直経線を境界とする視野障害,急激な視力低下・視野悪化,乳頭蒼白などが挙げられるが,進行した緑内障症例では耳側半盲所見が判別しづらいことがあり,10°内視野測定が有用な場合がある.疑われる場合には積極的に頭蓋内画像検索を行うことが勧められる.(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本視能矯正学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本認知症学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：金原出版(株)  

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)  

DOI： 10.1167/iovs.19-27184

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：BMJ  

<sec><title>Objective</title>This study aimed to examine the natural course and relapse rate of IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) after debulking surgery in Japanese patients.

</sec><sec><title>Methods and analysis</title>This retrospective review included patients with IgG4-ROD who did not undergo further treatment following debulking surgery. The patients were diagnosed between January 2009 and December 2018 at the Department of Ophthalmology and Pathology, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital. The main outcome measures included postoperative IgG4-ROD recurrence rate and differences between patients with and without recurrent disease.

</sec><sec><title>Results</title>Fifteen patients (six male, 9 female; 61.8±16.2 years) were included. Twelve patients (80.0%) had dacryoadenitis disease and three patients (20.0%) had orbital fat tissue disease. About 70%–100% of the lesion was resected in the debulking surgery and the pathological diagnosis was rendered. A definitive diagnosis was made in 13 cases (86.7%) and a probable diagnosis in 2 cases (13.3%). Patients were followed up for 39.0±25.5 months following operation. All patients had lesion volume reduction and patients with dacryoadenitis had eyelid swelling improvement after surgery. Two patients (13.3%) had disease recurrence and six patients (40.0%) had extraophthalmic lesions. There was no statistically significant difference in clinical features between relapsed and non-recurring cases.

</sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title>We observed a 13.3% relapse rate following debulking surgery in patients with IgG4-ROD who did not undergo further treatment. This rate is lower than the documented relapse rate of 30%–70% following oral prednisolone therapy. Therefore, debulking surgery may be a treatment option for IgG4-ROD.

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DOI： 10.1136/bmjophth-2019-000295

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本眼科紀要会  

目的:90歳を超える超高齢ながら拡大読書器(CCTV)を使いこなしている加齢黄斑変性の2例のロービジョンケア経過を報告する。症例:症例1は現在90歳の男性で新聞を読みたいというニーズがあり、83歳時にロービジョン外来を初診。矯正視力は左右眼ともに0.2であった。中心視野障害のため光学的視覚補助具ではニーズを満たすことができなかったが、CCTVは有用であった。現在視力は右眼0.04、左眼0.02であるが、現在も読書と書字が可能である。症例2は現在93歳の男性。ニーズは読書と書字であった。85歳で初診したときの右眼矯正視力は0.02、左眼矯正視力は0.15で両眼の中心視野障害を認めた。当初は光学的視覚補助具を処方したが視機能低下が進行したため88歳時にCCTVを入手した。現在の視力は右眼0.03、左眼0.01未満であるが、CCTVを使用して新聞を毎日読んでいる。結論:90歳を超える高齢視覚障害者に対しても、読み書きのニーズを満たすCCTVの情報提供および指導は患者のquality of life(QOL)向上に有効である。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本視能訓練士協会  

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.oret.2018.04.020

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Informa UK Limited  

DOI： 10.2147/opth.s174277

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本眼科紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本眼科紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本眼科紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本眼科紀要会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE  

PurposeTraffic accidents are associated with the visual function of drivers, as well as many other factors. Driving simulator systems have the advantage of controlling for traffic-and automobile-related conditions, and using pinhole glasses can control the degree of concentric concentration of the visual field. We evaluated the effect of concentric constriction of the visual field on automobile driving, using driving simulator tests.MethodsSubjects meeting criteria for normal eyesight were included in the study. Pinhole glasses with variable aperture sizes were adjusted to mimic the conditions of concentric visual field constrictions of 10 degrees and 15 degrees, using a CLOCK CHART (R). The test contained 8 scenarios (2 oncoming right-turning cars and 6 jump-out events from the side).ResultsEighty-eight subjects were included in the study; 37 (mean age =52.9 +/- 15.8 years) subjects were assigned to the 15 degrees group, and 51 (mean =48.6 +/- 15.5 years) were assigned to the 10 degrees group. For all 8 scenarios, the number of accidents was significantly higher among pinhole wearing subjects. The average number of all types of accidents per person was significantly higher in the pinhole 10 degrees group (4.59 +/- 1.81) than the pinhole 15 degrees group (3.68 +/- 1.49) (P = 0.032). The number of accidents associated with jump-out scenarios, in which a vehicle approaches from the side on a straight road with a good view, was significantly higher in the pinhole 10 degrees group than in the pinhole 15 degrees group.ConclusionsConcentric constriction of the visual field was associated with increased number of traffic accidents. The simulation findings indicated that a visual field of 10 degrees to 15 degrees may be important for avoiding collisions in places where there is a straight road with a good view.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0193767

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY  

PurposeTo compare the additive effects and safety of 1% brinzolamide/0.5% timolol fixed combination (BTFC) versus the low-dose regimen of 1% dorzolamide/0.5% timolol fixed combination (DTFC) in patients with open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (OAG/OH) following treatment with prostaglandin analogues (PGAs).
MethodsA prospective, randomized, double-masked, multicentre, parallel-group and active-controlled study included 201 Japanese OAG/OH patients whohad been treated with PGA. Efficacy was assessed as the change in intra-ocular pressure (IOP) from baseline after weeks 4 and 8. Safety was assessed with adverse event rates, ocular discomfort score, blur scale, bloodpressure and heart rates, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and slit lamp examinations.
ResultsIntra-ocular pressure (IOP) change from baseline at 9AM/11AM pooled over the 8weeks was -3.3/-3.3mmHg in the BTFC group and -2.9/-3.4mmHg in the DTFC group, demonstrating non-inferiority of BTFC to DTFC. Ocular irritation was frequently seen in DTFC group. Although blurred vision was frequently seen in BTFC group, it was transient and blurring became the equivalent 3min after instillation between two groups. No noteworthy issue was observed in other safety outcome.
ConclusionNon-inferiority of BTFC to DTFC in IOP reduction was demonstrated after adding onto PGA therapy in Japanese OAG/OH patients. Although the score of blurred vision was transiently higher in BTFC than DTFC, treatment difference decreased and disappeared with time. Thus,BTFC can be considered as a safe and effective agent for glaucoma treatment.

DOI： 10.1111/aos.13401

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本視能訓練士協会  

【目的】網膜色素変性(RP)患者の黙読能力の他覚的評価を試みた。【対象及び方法】新潟大学医歯学総合病院通院中のRP患者11名(37.4±17.6歳)と健常者(N)20名(46.9±17.2歳)。視線解析装置(Tobii Tx300)にて横書き文黙読時の平均停留時間およびsaccade時間、100文字あたりの読み時間、停留回数を算出した。また読書時のsaccadeを幅と角度の2変数から混合ガウスモデルによるクラスタ分類およびクラス分類し、その割合をχ2検定で検討した。【結果】平均停留時間はRP群256.3±41.6msec、N群215.7±24.9msec(p<0.01)、saccade時間RP群44.28±8.26msec、N群50.78±11.45msec(P=0.11)、停留回数はRP群31.1±7.9回、N群32.7±10.6回(p=0.66)、読み時間はRP群9.4±3.0sec、N群8.8±3.4sec(p=0.65)で、RP群において停留時間が延長した。各saccadeは短・長順行、逆行、行替えに分類されその構成に両群間で有意差を認めた(p=0.03)。RP群において短順行、長順行saccadeが多く、逆行saccadeが少なかった(p<0.01)。【結論】RP群は平均停留時間が延長しsaccadeパターンに変化がみられたが、読み時間は延長しなかった。今後は視野異常の重症度に着目した解析が必要である。(著者抄録)

DOI： 10.4263/jorthoptic.046F128

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2017&ichushi_jid=J01962&link_issn=&doc_id=20180306160031&doc_link_id=130006515549&url=http%3A%2F%2Fci.nii.ac.jp%2Fnaid%2F130006515549&type=CiNii&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00003_1.gif

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本視能訓練士協会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本視能訓練士協会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：(株)メディカル葵出版  

目的:広義・原発開放隅角緑内障(POAG)眼の中心窩閾値(FT)と矯正視力との相関、Humphrey視野(HFA)10-2プログラムの傍中心窩測定点視野感度閾値(PFT)との相関について調べた。対象および方法:対象はHFA10-2測定を行ったPOAG眼103例103眼である。年齢は54.4±9.7(23〜70)歳、等価球面度数-4.5±3.9(+2.0〜14.5)ジオプトリー、病型は狭義POAG56眼、正常眼圧緑内障47眼である。FTは直近3回のHFA24/30-2もしくは10-2測定時の測定値を平均し、矯正視力(logMAR)は直近2回の測定値を平均した。FTと矯正視力の相関、またFTとHFA10-2傍中心4点の実測感度閾値(PFT)との相関を調べた。結果:FTと矯正視力は統計学的に有意に相関した(r2=0.537、p<0.001)。FTとPFTは単回帰分析では4点とも有意に相関し、その程度は耳側上方(r2=0.481、p<0.001)、耳側下方(r2=0.443、p<0.001)、鼻側下方(r2=0.210、p<0.001)、鼻側上方(r2=0.055、p=0.017)の順であった。FTとPFTの重回帰分析では、耳側上方と下方、鼻側下方の3点が有意に相関した。結論:広義POAG眼においてFTと矯正視力は有意に相関し、FT測定は広義POAG眼の矯正視力推定に有用な可能性がある。FT低下とHFA10-2における傍中心視野障害のパターンには関連があると考えられた。(著者抄録)

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2017&ichushi_jid=J01784&link_issn=&doc_id=20171201250025&doc_link_id=%2Fah9atgke%2F2017%2F003411%2F026%2F1617-1621%26dl%3D0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fah9atgke%2F2017%2F003411%2F026%2F1617-1621%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：(株)メディカル葵出版  

目的:Humphrey 10-2視野(HFA10-2)における視野感度低下領域とシラスHD-OCT(カールツァイスメディテック)のganglion cell analysis(GCA)判定の相関を検討した。対象および方法:広義原発開放隅角緑内障53名53眼を対象とした後ろ向き研究。HFA10-2における測定点をGCA解析に準じて6セクターに分割し、トータル偏差で感度低下(1%以下)がみられるものを異常点とした。GCA各セクターにおける菲薄化をディビエーションマップからスコア化した(>5%、0;≦5%かつ>1%、1;≦1%、2)。半視野当たりのHFA異常点数とGCAスコア合計との相関について調べ、セクターごとの整合性についても検討した。結果:半視野当たりのHFA異常点数と対応するGCAスコアはいずれも有意な相関がみられた(上半0.74、下半0.53)。上鼻側セクターにおいて感度と特異度は高く(90%、100%)、下方および耳側セクターでは低くなる傾向があった。結論:GCA解析による判定は中心10°内視野障害を反映していると考えられる。(著者抄録)

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2017&ichushi_jid=J01784&link_issn=&doc_id=20171107230025&doc_link_id=%2Fah9atgke%2F2017%2F003410%2F026%2F1465-1469%26dl%3D0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fah9atgke%2F2017%2F003410%2F026%2F1465-1469%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE  

Objectives
To evaluate the vascular architecture of the radial peripapillary capillaries (RPCs) and its relation with visual function in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and normal-tension glaucoma using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) angiography.
Subjects and methods
Clear OCT angiography images of blood vessels in the optic disc and peripapillary retina were obtained from 52 patients (52 eyes) aged 55.42 +/- 10.64 (range 28-72) years with primary OAG. The mean spherical equivalent was -3.19 +/- 2.31 diopters, and the mean deviation (MD) of the central 24/30-2 threshold test using the Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) was -10.47 +/- 7.99 dB. The correlations between the disappearance angle of the RPCs on OTC images, flow density (FD) and the circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) thickness, the angle of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defect, the MD and pattern standard deviation (PSD) values of the HFA central 24/30-2 threshold test using the Swedish interactive thresholding algorithm, the sensitivity threshold, age, corneal thickness, and refractive value were analyzed. In addition, the correlation between FD and the cpRNFL thickness was analyzed at FD measurement points.
Results
FD was significantly correlated with cpRNFL thickness, PSD value, MD value, and sensitivity threshold, whereas the disappearance angle of the RPCs was significantly correlated with the angle of the RNFL defect (P &lt; 0.001), MD value (P &lt; 0.01), and sensitivity threshold (P &lt; 0.01). There was a negative correlation between FD and age (P &lt; 0.05). The Pearson correlation coefficient of FD and cpRNFL thickness in the area surrounding the optic disc revealed the most significant correlation in the inferior visual field (r = 0.851, P &lt; 0.001), followed by the superior visual field (r = 0.803, P &lt; 0.001) and then the temporal visual field (r = 0.653, P &lt; 0.001).
Conclusion
SD-OCT angiography enabled thorough observation of the RPCs. FD and the disappearance angle of the RPCs were significantly and independently correlated with glaucomarelated functional and morphological changes in the optic nerve, suggesting that these two factors are novel functional and morphological indicators of visual defects due to glaucoma.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0184301

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：(株)メディカル葵出版  

Soemmerring輪を伴って発症した続発閉塞隅角症(以下、本症)の2例を経験した。症例1は78歳、男性。10年前に両眼に超音波水晶体乳化吸引術、眼内レンズ挿入術(以下、PEA+IOL)を受けた。左眼に浅前房と眼圧上昇(25mmHg)を生じ、細隙灯顕微鏡検査、および超音波生体顕微鏡(以下、UBM)所見から、本症と診断した。Soemmerring輪の手術的除去と周辺部前後嚢切開術を行い、前房深度は改善、隅角は開大し、眼圧は下降した。症例2は77歳、女性。11年前に左眼にPEA+IOLを受けた。左眼霧視と頭痛を主訴に受診した。左眼眼圧は77mmHgで浅前房と全周に周辺虹彩前癒着を認めた。同様に細隙灯顕微鏡検査、UBM所見から本症と診断し、Soemmerring輪の手術的除去と隅角癒着解離術を行った。術後、前房深度は改善し、眼圧は下降した。結論:まれではあるがPEA+IOL後の長期合併症の一つとしてSoemmerring輪を伴う続発閉塞隅角症がある。本症にはさまざまな隅角閉塞のメカニズムが関与している可能性が考えられる。診断にはUBMが有用で、正確に本症と診断された場合には、Soemmerring輪を手術的に除去することで眼内レンズを温存したまま治療できる可能性がある。(著者抄録)

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2017&ichushi_jid=J01784&link_issn=&doc_id=20170804240025&doc_link_id=%2Fah9atgke%2F2017%2F003407%2F024%2F1054-1059%26dl%3D0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fah9atgke%2F2017%2F003407%2F024%2F1054-1059%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本眼科紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1097/PAI.0000000000000505

PubMed

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE  

Objective
To investigate the relationship between silent reading performance and visual field defects in patients with glaucoma using an eye tracking system.
Methods
Fifty glaucoma patients (Group G; mean age, 52.2 years, standard deviation: 11.4 years) and 20 normal controls (Group N; mean age, 46.9 years; standard deviation: 17.2 years) were included in the study. All participants in Group G had early to advanced glaucomatous visual field defects but better than 20/20 visual acuity in both eyes. Participants silently read Japanese articles written horizontally while the eye tracking system monitored and calculated reading duration per 100 characters, number of fixations per 100 characters, and mean fixation duration, which were compared with mean deviation and visual field index values from Humphrey visual field testing (24-2 and 10-2 Swedish interactive threshold algorithm standard) of the right versus left eye and the better versus worse eye.
Results
There was a statistically significant difference between Groups G and N in mean fixation duration (G, 233.4 msec; N, 215.7 msec; P = 0.010). Within Group G, significant correlations were observed between reading duration and 24-2 right mean deviation (r(s) = -0.280, P = 0.049), 24-2 right visual field index (r(s) = -0.306, P = 0.030), 24-2 worse visual field index (rs = -0.304, P = 0.032), and 10-2 worse mean deviation ((r)s = -0.326, P = 0.025). Significant correlations were observed between mean fixation duration and 10-2 left mean deviation (r(s) = -0.294, P = 0.045) and 10-2 worse mean deviation (r(s) = -0.306, P = 0.037), respectively.
Conclusions
The severity of visual field defects may influence some aspects of reading performance. At least concerning silent reading, the visual field of the worse eye is an essential element of smoothness of reading.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0170230

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

© 2016 Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Purpose: To report the 5-year incidence of visual impairment after mitomycin C-augmented trabeculectomy (MMC trabeculectomy) and the risk factors for visual impairment. Methods: This is a multicentre prospective observational cohort study. Among glaucoma patients registered in the Collaborative Bleb-related Infection Incidence and Treatment Study performed in Japan, the patients with eyes meeting the following qualifications were included: eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma; eyes with primary angle-closure glaucoma; eyes with exfoliative glaucoma; eyes with ≥3/60 in blindness analysis; and eyes with ≥20/60 in low-vision analysis and visual acuity loss analysis. The patients were followed at 6-month intervals for 5 years. The entry data and follow-up data were analysed to determine the incidence of blindness (<3/60), low vision (≥3/60 and <20/60) and visual acuity loss (≥0.2 logMAR) during the follow-up period. Risk factors for visual impairment were also analysed. Results: A total of 694 eyes of 694 or 559 eyes of 559 glaucoma patients were subjected to the blindness analysis or the low-vision and visual acuity loss analysis, respectively. Visual acuity significantly deteriorated (p < 0.0001): 12.2% (95%CI: 9.8–14.7%) of the patients became blind; 12.1% (95%CI: 9.4–14.9%) were judged to have low vision at the final examination; 28.3% (95%CI: 24.5–32.0%) were judged to have visual acuity loss. Glaucoma subtypes, poor preoperative visual function and postoperative complications are the main risk factors for visual impairment. Conclusions: Visual acuity was significantly reduced after MMC trabeculectomy in 5 years, and we identified several risk factors associated with this complication.

DOI： 10.1111/aos.13058

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：(株)メディカル葵出版  

目的:エクスプレス併用濾過手術後の角膜内皮細胞所見について検討した。対象および方法:対象はエクスプレス併用濾過手術を施行し、術後3ヵ月以上スペキュラーマイクロスコープによって角膜内皮細胞を観察できた32例37眼である。年齢は70.8±10.4歳で、病型は広義・原発開放隅角緑内障眼19例21眼(POAG群)、落屑緑内障群10例13眼(XFG群)、その他3例3眼であった。このうち眼内レンズ挿入眼は28例32眼であった。内皮細胞密度(CD)、六角形細胞出現率(6A)、変動係数(CV)の経時変化について検討した。結果:CDは術前2,292±563/mm2に対して、平均術後観察期間13.7±8.5ヵ月の最終観察時に2,059±614mm2と有意に減少した(p=0.0002)。病型別にPOAG群CDは術前2,359±487/mm2が術後最終2,244±574/mm2に対して、XFG群CDは術前2,196±671/mm2が術後最終1,808±555mm2と、XFG群で有意に大きく減少していた(p=0.037)。6A、CVでは有意な差はみられなかった。術後にCDが500以上減少した例は6眼、20%以上減少した眼は7眼であった。結論:エクスプレス併用濾過手術後に角膜内皮細胞密度が低下する可能性がある。落屑緑内障眼ではより減少する可能性がある。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

目的:本邦における緑内障診療データの管理・共通化の現状について調査し,今後の緑内障診療・研究の向上のための課題と方向性について明らかにすること.対象と方法:日本緑内障学会内に設置されたデータ共通化委員会に参画し,緑内障診療に積極的に取り組んでいる14大学に対して文書によってアンケート調査を行った.結果:すべての大学において病院情報システムが導入され,3社の眼科部門カルテによる診療データの電子化が行われていた.しかしながら,電子カルテから電子的な診療データ提供体制が整っていた大学は30.8%にとどまり,データの二次利用が具体的に進んでいる大学眼科は14.3%のみであった.地域医療機関との電子データによる診療連携を進めている大学眼科は35.7%であり,眼科内で診療データの電子的管理を行っていたのは42.9%にとどまっていた.結論:アンケートの結果から診療データの管理や共通化について多くの課題が明らかになった.(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Dove Medical Press Ltd  

Purpose: To investigate the correlation coefficients between intraocular pressure (IOP) before and after adjusting for central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal biomechanical properties. Patients and methods: A total of 218 eyes of 218 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (mean age =71.5 years
mean spherical equivalent =-0.51 D
mean deviation determined by Humphrey visual field analyzer =-3.22 dB) were included in this study. The tIOP and tIOPCCT, which were adjusted by the CCT (with tIOP meaning IOP not adjusted by CCT, as determined using the CT-1P
and tIOPCCT meaning IOP adjusted by CCT, as determined using the CT-1P), were determined using a noncontact tonometer. The IOPg and IOPCCT, which were adjusted by CCT, and IOPcc adjusted by corneal biomechanical properties were determined using a Reichert 7CR (with IOPg meaning IOP not adjusted by CCT or corneal biomechanical properties, as determined using the Reichert 7CR
IOPCCT meaning IOP adjusted by CCT, as determined using the Reichert 7CR
and IOPcc meaning IOP adjusted by corneal biomechanical properties, as determined using the Reichert 7CR). The GT and GTCCT adjusted by CCT were determined using a Goldmann applanation tonometer (with GT meaning IOP not adjusted by CCT, as determined using the Goldmann applanation tonometer
and with GTCCT meaning IOP adjusted by CCT, as determined using the GAT). Pearson’s correlation coefficients among the IOPs were calculated and compared. P-values &lt
0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results: The tIOP, tIOPCCT, IOPg, IOPCCT, IOPcc, GT, and GTCCT were 14.8±2.5, 15.0±2.4, 13.1±3.2, 13.3±3.1, 13.7±2.9, 13.2±2.4, and 13.4±2.3 mmHg (mean ± standard deviation), respectively. The correlation coefficient between tIOPCCT and tIOP (r=0.979) was significantly higher than that between tIOPCCT and the other IOPs (r=0.668-0.852
P&lt
0.001, respectively). The correlation coefficient between IOPCCT and IOPg (r=0.994) or IOPcc and IOPg (r=0.892) was significantly higher than that between IOPCCT or IOPcc and the other IOPs (r=0.669-0.740
P&lt
0.001, respectively). The correlation coefficient between GTCCT and GT (r=0.989) was significantly higher than that between GTCCT and the other IOPs (r=0.669-0.740
P&lt
0.001, respectively). Conclusion: The IOP adjusted by CCT or corneal biomechanical properties depends on the measurement instrument itself, rather than the adjustment methods, for eyes of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma.

DOI： 10.2147/OPTH.S106836

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：医学書院  

DOI： 10.11477/mf.1410211796

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2016229848

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

ObjectiveNeuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOsd) is an autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system characterized by aquaporin-4 (AQP4) autoantibodies. The aim of this study was to elucidate the characteristics of involvement of the anterior visual pathway (AVP) and neurodegeneration via glia-neuron interaction in NMOsd.
MethodsThirty Japanese patients with serologically verified NMOsd were assessed with a neuro-ophthalmological study. Using 27 tissue blocks from 13 other cases of NMOsd, we performed neuropathological analysis of glial and neuroaxonal involvement in the AVP.
ResultsThe AVP involvement in NMOsd was characterized by the following, compared to multiple sclerosis: (1) longitudinally extensive optic neuritis (ON); (2) more severe visual impairment and worse prognosis for ON; (3) unique AQP4 dynamics, including loss of AQP4 immunoreactivity on astrocytes with complement activation in ON lesions, loss of AQP4 immunoreactivity on Muller cells with no deposition of complement in the retinas, and densely packed AQP4 immunoreactivity on astrocytes in gliosis of secondary anterograde/retrograde degeneration in the optic nerves and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL); and (4) more severe neurodegeneration, including axonal accumulation of degenerative mitochondria and transient receptor potential melastatin 4 channel with complement-dependent astrocyte pathology in ON lesions, mild loss of horizontal cells, and RNFL thinning and loss of ganglion cells with abundance of AQP4(+) astrocytes, indicating secondary retrograde degeneration after ON.
InterpretationSevere and widespread neuroaxonal damage and unique dynamics of astrocytes/Muller cells with alterations of AQP4 were prominent in the AVP and may be associated with poor visual function and prognosis in NMOsd. Ann Neurol 2016;79:605-624

DOI： 10.1002/ana.24608

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：(株)医学書院  

目的:原発開放隅角緑内障(POAG)眼で,3種の眼圧計で眼圧を測定し,中心角膜厚と角膜生体力学特性による補正値を算出し,これと中心角膜厚と年齢の相関を検索した報告。対象と方法:POAGで通院中の218例218眼を対象とした。年齢は22〜91歳,平均72歳で,圧平眼圧計による眼圧値は8〜23mmHg,平均14.8mmHgで,屈折の等価球面度数は平均-0.51±2.4Dであった。非接触眼圧計(CT-1P)による眼圧を中心角膜厚で補正した値,非接触眼圧計(7CR)による眼圧を角膜生体力学的特性を加味して補正した値,Goldmann圧平眼圧計による眼圧を中心角膜厚で補正した値につき,年齢と中心角膜厚との相関を算出した。結果:上記3方法による眼圧値とそれを補正した計6種の測定値は,いずれも年齢と負の相関があり(p=0.001〜0.0045),中心角膜厚と正の相関があった(p=0.000〜0.007)。結論:中心角膜厚または角膜生体力学的特性により補正した眼圧値には,年齢と中心角膜厚が影響し,補正が不十分である可能性がある。(著者抄録)

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2016&ichushi_jid=J01537&link_issn=&doc_id=20160310080014&doc_link_id=10.11477%2Fmf.1410211730&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.11477%2Fmf.1410211730&type=%88%E3%8F%91.jp_%83I%81%5B%83%8B%83A%83N%83Z%83X&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00024_2.gif

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER JAPAN KK  

We evaluated the rate of progression of total, upper, and lower visual field defects in patients with treated primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with high myopia (HM).
Seventy eyes of 70 POAG patients with HM [a parts per thousand currency signa'8 diopters (D)] were examined. The mean deviation (MD) slope and the upper and lower total deviation (upper TD, lower TD) slopes of the Humphrey Field Analyzer were calculated in patients with high-tension glaucoma (HTG) (&gt; 21 mmHg) versus normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) (a parts per thousand currency sign21 mmHg). The mean age of all the patients (29 eyes with HTG and 41 eyes with NTG) was 48.5 +/- A 9.6 years. The MD slope, and upper and lower TD slopes of the HM group were compared to those of the non-HM group (NHM) (&gt;-8 D) selected from 544 eyes in 325 age-matched POAG patients. In all, 70 eyes with HM and NHM were examined.
The mean MD slope was -0.33 +/- A 0.33 dB/year in the HM, and -0.38 +/- A 0.49 dB/year in the NHM. There were no statistical differences between the HM and NHM (p = 0.9565). In the comparison of HTG versus NTG patients in both groups, the MD slope, and upper and lower TD slopes were similar.
The rate of progression of total, upper, and lower visual field defects was similar among patients with HM and NHM. Although HM is a risk factor for the onset of glaucoma, HM may not be a risk factor for progression of visual field defects as assessed by the progression rate under treatment.

DOI： 10.1007/s10384-016-0427-3

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：日本眼科紀要会  

目的:新潟大学ロービジョン外来における75歳以上の後期高齢者を対象とし、ロービジョンケアの内容を分析し、評価した。方法:2000年9月〜2014年5月の間に受診した初診時年齢75歳以上の111例(平均79.9±4.0歳)。視覚障害の原因疾患、身体障害者手帳の取得状況、聴取したニーズ、ニーズに対応したロービジョンケア(情報提供・指導、処方)を検討した。結果:原因疾患で最も多かったのは緑内障48例(43.2%)であった。身体障害者手帳は34例(30.6%)が取得していた。ニーズは読書98件(88.3%)、羞明の緩和38件(34.2%)、書字36件(32.4%)、歩行17件(15.3%)であった。指導、情報提供数は拡大読書器が最も多く、処方数は遮光眼鏡が最も多かった。結論:高齢ロービジョン患者のニーズは多岐にわたっており、ニーズを最大限に引き出しロービジョンケアにあたる必要がある。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC  

Background: It has been hypothesized that dysfunction of the solute carrier family 1, member1 gene (SLC1A1), which encodes the glutamate aspartate transporter, may play a role in normal tension glaucoma. In this study we investigate whether SLC1A1 is associated with normal tension glaucoma in Japanese patients.
Methods: A total of 292 Japanese patients with normal tension glaucoma and 500 healthy control subjects were recruited. We genotyped 12 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in SLC1A1. We also performed an imputation analysis to evaluate the potential association of un-genotyped SLC1A1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and 165 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were imputed.
Results: We observed an increased frequency of the G allele of rs10739062 in patients compared to controls (p = 0.043, OR = 1.25). The rs10739062 polymorphism exhibited a dominant effect: individuals with genotype GG and GC showed a 1.91-fold increase in risk compared to genotype CC (p = 0.0082). However, the statistical significance disappeared after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (pc&gt;0.05). We did not find any significant association between any of the remaining 176 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and disease risk.
Conclusions: Our study showed a lack of association between SLC1A1 variants and normal tension glaucoma in Japanese patients, suggesting that the SLC1A1 gene does not play a critical role in the development of the disorder in this patient population. However, further genetic studies with larger sample sizes are needed to clarify whether SLC1A1 may make some contribution that affects the risk of developing normal tension glaucoma.

DOI： 10.3109/13816810.2015.1028649

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP  

Purpose. To evaluate the restoration of the ellipsoid zone (EZ) and its influence on visual prognosis 1 year after surgical macular hole (MH) closure. Method. Subjects were patients with stage 2, 3, or 4 idiopathic MH who underwent primary vitrectomy that resulted in successful hole closure. Nineteen eyes with both EZ disruption with foveal detachment and a continuous external limiting membrane on optical coherence tomography during the early postoperative period were included in this study. Result. EZ disruption was restored in 10 eyes (53%, Group A) and remained in 9 eyes (47%, Group B) at 1 year after surgery. In Group B, the diameter of the residual EZ disruption was 54.7 +/- 33.1 mu m. LogMAR visual acuity (VA) 1 year after surgery was significantly better than preoperative VA in each group (Group A: -0.007 +/- 0.102; P &lt; 0.001; Group B: 0.051 +/- 0.148; P &lt; 0.001), but there was no significant difference between the 2 groups (P = 0.332). There was no significant correlation between logMAR VA and EZ disruption diameter at 1 year after surgery. Conclusion. EZ was restored in 53% of eyes at 1 year after surgical closure of idiopathic MH. Mean residual EZ disruption diameter was 54.7 +/- 33.1 mu m. Neither resolved nor residual EZ disruption influenced postoperative VA.

DOI： 10.1155/2016/1769794

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DOI： 10.1038/eye.2016.190

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その他リンク： http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2853-1308

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その他リンク： http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2853-1308

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2016052839

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：新潟医療福祉学会  

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2015&ichushi_jid=J03755&link_issn=&doc_id=20151105450028&doc_link_id=%2Fdq6ngtif%2F2015%2F001501%2F036%2F0047-0047%26dl%3D0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdq6ngtif%2F2015%2F001501%2F036%2F0047-0047%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1155/2015/181269

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Igaku-Shoin Ltd  

Purpose: To report three siblings who showed angioid streaks with choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in both eyes. Cases: The cases comprised a 59-year-old female, 55-year-old male, and 63-year-old female when seen initially. The three cases were siblings. Their mother had reportedly been diagnosed with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE). Findings: Case 1 had PXE and angioid streaks with CNV in both eyes. The right eye received photodynamic therapy. CNV in the left eye became scar tissue during the follow-up of 11 years. Case 2 had PXE and angioid streaks with CNV in both eyes. The right eye received 5 sessions of intravitreal bevacizumab. Case 3 received intravitreal bevacizumab in the right eye and ranibizumab in the left. Conclusion: CNV developed in both eyes of 3 siblings with angioid streaks. The lesion became scar tissue either spontaneously or after intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents.

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Igaku-Shoin Ltd  

Purpose: To present a review of acute retinal necrosis at Niigata University Hospital. Cases and Method: This review was made on 12 eyes of 12 cases who were diagnosed with acute retinal necrosis during 7 years through 2013. The series comprised 7 males and 5 females. The age ranged from 25 to 76 years, average 53 years. Results: All the cases were unilaterally affected. Aspirated aqueous humor was positive for herpes simplex virus in 3 cases and varicella zoster virus in 8 cases. Retinal detachment eventually developed in 7 eyes and not in 5 eyes. Retinal detachment was not correlated with the duration between onset and start of treatment. Retinal detachment was due to proliferative membrane in 2 eyes and was rhegmatogenous in 5 eyes. Vitreous opacity was present in 7 eyes, of which retinal detachment developed in 6 eyes. All the eyes with retinal detachment was treated by vitreous surgery, with additional replacement of vitreous by silicone oil whenever necessary. The retina became reattached in all the 7 eyes. Conclusion: Acute retinal necrosis was unilateral in our series. Retinal detachment was prone to develop in eyes with vitreous opacity.

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.11477/mf.1410211402

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.11477/mf.1410211417

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)医学書院  

目的:新潟大学病院で過去7年間に加療した急性網膜壊死(ARN)の報告。対象と方法:2013年までの7年間に当院を受診したARNの12例12眼を検索し,その治療成績を解析した。男性7例,女性5例で,年齢は25〜76歳,平均53歳であった。結果:全例が片眼発症であった。初診時に採取した前房水から,単純ヘルペスウイルスが3眼,水痘・帯状疱疹ウイルスが9眼で陽性であった。経過中に網膜剥離が7眼に発症し,5眼には発症しなかった。網膜剥離の有無は,ARN発症から受診までの日数とは相関がなかった。網膜剥離の原因は,2眼では増殖膜により牽引,5眼では裂孔原性であった。初診時に硝子体混濁が7眼にあり,うち6眼に網膜剥離が生じた。網膜剥離の全例に対して硝子体手術を行い,シリコーンオイル充填などを併用した。全7眼で網膜が復位した。結論:当院でのARNはすべて片眼性であった。経過中の網膜剥離発症は,初診時に硝子体混濁のある例に多かった。(著者抄録)

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その他リンク： https://search-tp.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2015&ichushi_jid=J01537&link_issn=&doc_id=20150709070008&doc_link_id=10.11477%2Fmf.1410211402&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.11477%2Fmf.1410211402&type=%88%E3%8F%91.jp_%83I%81%5B%83%8B%83A%83N%83Z%83X&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00024_2.gif

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：日本眼科学会  

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2015168954

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS  

Purpose: To report a case of acute glaucoma due to complete ring cyst of the ciliary body.
Patients and Methods: A 33-year-old woman experienced blurred vision in her left eye. Intraocular pressure of the left eye was elevated accompanied with a very shallow anterior chamber. Anterior segment-optical coherence tomography and ultrasound biomicroscopy detected ring-shaped ciliary masses in the both eyes. Myopic change and contact between the ciliary mass and lens in the left eye suggested the presence of aqueous misdirection resulting in forward displacement of the lens-iris diaphragm. Because elevated intraocular pressure was refractory to conservative management, the left eye underwent clear lens aspiration and implantation of intraocular lens.
Results: Although the anterior chamber became deep in the left eye initially after lens extraction in conjunction with core vitrectomy, possible aqueous misdirection recurred. Second vitrectomy in the left eye together with posterior and anterior capsulotomies, to establish humoral communication between the anterior and posterior chambers, deepened the anterior chamber and lowered the intraocular pressure. The anterior chamber in the fellow right eye remained deep a year after the episode.
Conclusions: This is the first reported case of bilateral ring cysts of the ciliary body. The manifestation caused secondary glaucoma, which was resolved by lensectomy and vitrectomy.

DOI： 10.1097/IJG.0b013e31827a088c

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC  

Purpose: To report the 5-year incidence of bleb-related infection after mitomycin Ceaugmented glaucoma filtering surgery and to investigate the risk factors for infections.
Design: Prospective, observational cohort study.
Participants: A total of 1098 eyes of 1098 glaucoma patients who had undergone mitomycin Ceaugmented trabeculectomy or trabeculectomy combined with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation performed at 34 clinical centers.
Methods: Patients were followed up at 6-month intervals for 5 years, with special attention given to bleb-related infections. The follow-up data were analyzed via Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model.
Main Outcome Measures: Incidence of bleb-related infection over 5 years and risk factors for infections.
Results: Of the 1098 eyes, a bleb-related infection developed in 21 eyes. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that the incidence of bleb-related infection was 2.2 +/- 0.5% (cumulative incidence +/- standard error) at the 5-year follow-up for all cases, whereas it was 7.9 +/- 3.1% and 1.7 +/- 0.4% for cases with and without a history of bleb leakage, respectively (P = 0.000, log-rank test). When only eyes with a well-functioning bleb were counted, it was 3.9 +/- 1.0%. No differences were found between the trabeculectomy cases and the combined surgery cases (P +/- 0.398, log-rank test) or between cases with a fornix-based flap and those with a limbal-based flap (P = 0.651, log-rank test). The Cox model revealed that a history of bleb leakage and younger age were risk factors for infections.
Conclusions: The 5-year cumulative incidence of bleb-related infection was 2.2 +/- 0.5% in eyes treated with mitomycin Ceaugmented trabeculectomy or trabeculectomy combined with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in our prospective, multicenter study. Bleb leakage and younger age were the main risk factors for infections. (C) 2014 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.11.025

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS  

Purpose:To investigate the significance of vision-specific quality of life (QOL) in glaucoma patients based on the location of visual field defects.Patients and Methods:We examined 336 eyes of 168 patients. The 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire was used to evaluate patients' QOL. Visual field testing was performed using the Humphrey Field Analyzer; the visual field was divided into 10 clusters. We defined the eye with better mean deviation as the better eye and the fellow eye as the worse eye. A single linear regression analysis was applied to assess the significance of the relationship between QOL and the clustered visual field.Results:The strongest correlation was observed in the lower paracentral visual field in the better eye. The lower peripheral visual field in the better eye also showed a good correlation. Correlation coefficients in the better eye were generally higher than those in the worse eye. For driving, the upper temporal visual field in the better eye was the most strongly correlated (r=0.509). For role limitation and peripheral vision, the lower peripheral visual field in the better eye had the highest correlation coefficients at 0.459 and 0.425, respectively.Conclusions:Overall, clusters in the lower hemifield in the better eye were more strongly correlated with QOL than those in the worse eye. In particular, the lower paracentral visual field in the better eye was correlated most strongly of all. Driving, however, strongly correlated with the upper hemifield in the better eye.

DOI： 10.1097/IJG.0b013e318265bbdc

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION  

Purpose. To evaluate the effect on intraocular pressure (IOP) of switching from latanoprost and travoprost monotherapy to timolol fixed combinations in Japanese patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). Methods. 27 NTG patients (54 eyes) were compared IOP, superficial punctuate keratitis (SPK) scores, and conjunctival injection scores in eyes treated with prostaglandin (PG) or PG analog/beta-blocker (PG/b) fixed-combination 6 months after the change in therapy. Results. The mean baseline intraocular pressure was 17.4 +/- 1.59 mm Hg in eyes receiving PG therapy only and 17.4 +/- 1.69 mm Hg in eyes switched to PG/b. Switching to fixed combination therapy from PG monotherapy, the mean IOP was 13.1 +/- 1.79 mm Hg (P &lt; 0.001) (-24.71% reduction from baseline) at 6 months. The mean conjunctival injection score was 0.69 for eyes on PG monotherapy and 0.56 for eyes on fixed combination therapy (P = 0.028). The mean SPK scores were 0.46 and 0.53. This difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.463). Conclusions. Switching from PG monotherapy to PG/b fixed combination therapy for NTG resulted in a greater intraocular pressure reduction than PG alone without increasing the number of instillations.

DOI： 10.1155/2014/720385

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION  

Purpose. To compare a new digital Goldmann applanation tonometer (dGAT) that measures intraocular pressure (IOP) in 0.1 mmHg increments to a standard Goldmann applanation tonometer (sGAT). Methods. This study included 116 eyes of 60 subjects. A single examiner first measured IOP in triplicate using either sGAT or dGAT, which was randomly chosen. After a 5-minute interval, the next set of three consecutive IOP was measured using the other GAT. Results. The mean IOP measured with sGAT was 16.27 +/- 6.68 mmHg and 16.35 +/- 6.69 mmHg with dGAT. Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.998 (P &lt; 0.01). The subjects were divided into three groups based on the mean IOP: IOP &lt; 14 mmHg, 14-20 mmHg, or &gt;20 mmHg. The Pearson's correlation coefficient within each group was 0.935, 0.972, and 0.997 (P &lt; 0.01), respectively. The difference within the three consecutive IOP measurements (maximum-minimum) for dGAT (0.72 +/- 0.34 mmHg) was significantly smaller than those with sGAT (0.92 +/- 0.42 mmHg, P &lt; 0.01). Even in patients with equal IOP (zero left-right difference) with sGAT (n = 30), dGAT detected IOP differences between the left and right eyes (0.47 +/- 0.31 mmHg). Conclusion. Compared to sGAT, dGAT measurements are highly reproducible and less variable.

DOI： 10.1155/2014/461681

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.4263/jorthoptic.042F023

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS  

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the mean deviation (MD) slope as the progressive rate of visual field defects and the follow-up intraocular pressure (IOP) in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) patients.Methods:This study was a retrospective, nonrandomized comparative study. A total of 287 eyes from 287 Japanese OAG patients were examined. The MD slope of the Humphrey Field Analyzer was calculated and compared with the follow-up IOP. OAG was classified into the high-tension group (&gt;21 mm Hg) and the normal-tension group (21 mm Hg) on the basis of the highest recorded IOP without treatment, and then the 2 groups were compared. After setting a threshold for the progression rate at -0.3 dB/y, related factors were compared between the fast-progression and slow-progression eyes in each group.Results:The correlation line between the follow-up IOP and the MD slope was statistically significant in the high-tension group but not in the normal-tension group. Compared with eyes with slow progression, eyes with fast progression in the high-tension group were older and had a higher mean IOP, greater highest and lowest IOPs, and a smaller mean IOP reduction ratio, whereas eyes with fast progression in the normal-tension group had a greater SD of the mean IOP, a larger IOP range, and a greater highest IOP.Conclusions:Eyes with a faster visual field progression tended to have a higher follow-up IOP in the high-tension group and larger IOP fluctuations in the normal-tension group of OAG patients. We should monitor both the follow-up IOP and fluctuations in IOP to provide a safer and more reliable visual field prognosis for OAG.

DOI： 10.1097/IJG.0b013e318264b779

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：日本眼科学会  

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2014137475

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本眼科手術学会  

目的:マイトマイシンC併用トラベクレクトミー(MMCレクトミー)既往眼に対する白内障手術後の眼圧経過について検討した。対象および方法:対象は2001〜2008年に白内障手術を行われたMMCレクトミー既往眼のうち、術後24ヵ月以上経過観察が可能であった開放隅角緑内障37例48眼である。白内障手術術前眼圧値と術後24ヵ月までの眼圧値を比較し、検討した。結果:全症例および病型ごとで術前、術後12ヵ月、24ヵ月の時点での平均眼圧値に有意な差はなかった。術後24ヵ月で術前より3mmHg以上上昇は9眼(18.8%)、2mmHg以上上昇は17眼(35.4%)だった。術前眼圧12mmHg未満の24眼のうち、術後24ヵ月に12mmHg以上となったのは12眼(50.0%)で、12mmHg未満維持の12眼より白内障手術前眼圧値が有意に高く、MMCレクトミーから白内障手術までの期間が有意に短かった。結論:MMCレクトミー既往眼に対する白内障手術後の眼圧経過について術前・術後で全体の平均眼圧に統計学的な差はなかった。しかし、一部の症例では眼圧は上昇しており、注意を要する。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER JAPAN KK  

Reading performance in glaucoma patients has yet to be studied. We hypothesized that glaucomatous visual field loss affects reading performance even in patients with good acuity and evaluated their reading performance quantitatively.
A cross-sectional, comparative, non-interventional study. Forty-nine patients with early-moderate glaucomatous visual field loss OU with visual acuity better than 1.0 in the better and 0.7 in the worse eye. Reading performance in glaucoma patients was examined by the Japanese version of the Minnesota Reading Acuity Chart (MNREAD) were compared to that of age-matched normal subjects (n = 30).
The study subjects consisted of the 21 men and 28 women. The mean age was 53.3 +/- A 12.6 years. Diagnosis included primary open-angle glaucoma (n = 22), normal-tension glaucoma (n = 22), developmental glaucoma (n = 4) and exfoliation glaucoma (n = 1). Reading parameters of glaucoma patients examined by MNREAD were: maximum reading speed (MRS), 329.9 +/- A 55.4 characters per min.; critical print size (CPS), 0.24 +/- A 0.14 logMAR; reading acuity (RA), 0.02 +/- A 0.12 log MAR, significantly lower than those of normal subjects (MRS 363.0 +/- A 42.9, CPS 0.09 +/- A 0.13 logMAR, RA -0.13 +/- A 0.10 logMAR, P &lt; 0.01 for three parameters by unpaired t test). CPS in glaucoma subjects was negatively correlated with mean deviation of Humphrey Field Analyzer 10-2 and 30-2 programs in the better eye (r = -0.402, P &lt; 0.005; r = -0.304, P &lt; 0.05; respectively, by linear regression analysis).
The reading performance deteriorated even in glaucoma patients with good acuity.

DOI： 10.1007/s10384-013-0259-3

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC  

We describe a method that enables the introduction of 2 suture loops for scleral fixation of an intraocular lens (IOL) by a single ab externo procedure. A long needle carrying a polypropylene suture loop is inserted through the scleral fixation site and docked with a hollow needle inserted through the opposite fixation site. The hollow needle pulls the suture needle out, but the suture loop end is left external. Another polypropylene suture loop is placed through the first loop. As the first (leading) suture is pulled, the second (trailing) suture is drawn into the eye. The suture loops are retrieved through the main incision. The IOL haptics are secured with a polypropylene loop by cow hitches. After the IOL is placed in the eye, the sutures are fixated to the sclera. This technique enhances efficiency and control during the introduction of suture loops for scleral fixation of IOLs.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jcrs.2013.07.003

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.11477/mf.1410104856

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：新潟医学会  

中途視覚障害者が就労を継続するためには, 正確な視機能評価を行った上で, それに基づいて適切な視環境を整えることや, 心理的サポートが重要とされるが, 本人の就労への強い意志も必要である. 症例は58歳, 男性. 原発開放隅角緑内障のために右眼は光覚を失い, 左眼は視力低下および緑内障性視野狭窄のために就労に支障をきたした. 復職を目的に入院中にロービジョン外来を受診した. 復職後も近見作業の困難に対応した視覚補助具の選定・処方および失明に対する不安への心理的サポートを中心として9年間に渡りロービジョンケアを継続中である. 障害者の就労を支援するために必要とされる情報提供を行うことで, 日常生活用具および補装具の申請, 障害者雇用率制度での雇用等の障害者手帳のサービスを使った社会資源の活用が可能となった. 眼科医療の中でのロービジョンケアは, 就労継続に有用であった.

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その他リンク： http://hdl.handle.net/10191/36093

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：メディカル葵出版  

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2014028824

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Purpose: To report the outcome and complications after excision of primary malignant tumors of the eyelid. Cases: This retrospective study was made on 72 cases who were treated by us during 11 years through 2011. The series comprised adenocarcinoma 37 cases, basal cell carcinoma 31 cases, squamous cell carcinoma 3 cases, and malignant melanoma one case. The age averaged 73 years. Results: Anterior layer of eyelid was reconstructed by local flap method in 52 cases and by simple suturing in 15 cases. Posterior layer was reconstructed in 64 cases by free tarsal graft transplantation in 38 cases, simple suturing in 15 cases, and transplantation of mucous membrane of hard palate in 11 cases. Additional surgery was needed in 3 cases with full-thickness defect involving 70% of the width of upper eyelid. Conclusion: Our current strategy proved good for reconstruction of the eyelid except a few cases of large full-thickness defect of the upper eyelid.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER JAPAN KK  

To investigate the incidence of adverse effects on eyelids and eyelashes related to treatment with prostaglandin analogs (PGAs) in patients who apply the medication in only one eye.
A clinical examination of 39 glaucoma patients treated for over 3 months continuously in one eye with one of four PGAs. Face photographs were used to judge adverse effects of PGA treatment on eyelids and eyelashes of the treated eyes by comparing them with the eyelids and eyelashes of the contralateral eyes. Each of three examiners then calculated scores for the eyelids and eyelashes by counting how many adverse effects were present (out of five possible effects for eyelids and two for eyelashes). The findings for the eyelids or eyelashes were considered "positive" if two or more examiners judged that at least one adverse effect was present.
Thirty-five (89.7 %) patients were judged to have positive eyelid findings and 37 (94.9 %) patients were judged to have positive eyelash findings. There was a significant correlation between the period of PGA administration and eyelid score (P = 0.0218).
There was a high incidence of adverse effects caused by PGAs in the eyelids and eyelashes. The frequency of adverse effects of the eyelid seemed to increase as the use of PGAs was prolonged. The cosmetic complications caused by PGA use should be considered, and patients should be informed of them in advance.

DOI： 10.1007/s10384-012-0199-3

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE  

Although family studies and genome-wide association studies have shown that genetic factors play a role in glaucoma, it has been difficult to identify the specific genetic variants involved. We tested 669 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the region of chromosome 2 that includes the GLC1B glaucoma locus for association with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG) in the Japanese population. We performed a two-stage case-control study. The first cohort consisted of 123 POAG cases, 121 NTG cases and 120 controls: the second cohort consisted of 187 POAG cases, 286 NTG cases, and 271 controls. Out of six SNPs showing significant association with POAG in the first round screening, seven SNPs were tested in the second round. Rs678350 in the HK2 gene coding sequence showed significant allelic (p = 0.0027 in Stage Two, 2.7XE-4 in meta-analysis) association with POAG, and significant allelic (p = 4.7XE-4 in Stage Two, 1.0XE-5 in meta-analysis) association with NTG. Although alleles in the TMEM182 gene did not show significant association with glaucoma in the second round, subjects with the A/A allele in TMEM182 rs869833 showed worse visual field mean deviation (p = 0.01). Even though rs2033008 in the NCK2 gene coding sequence did not show significant association in the first round, it had previously shown association with NTG so it was tested for association with NTG in round 2 (p = 0.0053 in Stage Two). Immunohistochemistry showed that both HK2 and NCK2 are expressed in the retinal ganglion cell layer. Once multi-testing was taken into account, only HK2 showed significant association with POAG and NTG in Stage Two. Our data also support previous reports of NCK2 association with NTG, and raise questions about what role TMEM182 might play

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0054115

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC  

PURPOSE: To determine whether polymorphisms in the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene are associated with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), and exfoliation glaucoma (XFG) in Japanese individuals.
DESIGN: Genetic association study.
METHODS: SETTING: Multicenter study. STUDY POPULATION: One hundred eighty-four unrelated Japanese patients with POAG, 365 unrelated patients with NTG, and 109 unrelated patients with XFG from 5 hospitals. PROCEDURES: Genomic DNA was extracted from leukocytes of the peripheral blood, and 8 polymorphisms in the TLR4 genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and directly sequenced. Allele and genotype frequencies and the inferred haplotypes were estimated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Differences in allele and genotype frequencies and haplotypes between subjects with POAG, NTG, and XFG.
RESULTS: The allele frequency of rs2149356 of the TLR4 gene in the POAG, NTG, and XFG groups was the most significantly different from that of the control group (minor allele frequency 0.446, 0.395, 0.404, vs 0.308; P = .000058, P = .0030, and P = .015). The allele frequencies of the 5 TLR4 SNPs were higher in all of the glaucoma groups than that in the control group. The statistics of genotypes of TLR4 were approximately the same for all allele frequencies. The haplotypic frequencies with Tag SNPs studied earlier showed that only POAG was statistically significant. Other haplotypes, such as rs10759930, rs1927914, rs1927911, and rs2149356, had higher statistical significance (overall P = .00078 in POAG, overall P = .018 in NTG, and overall P = .014 in XFG).
CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that TLR4 polymorphisms are associated with NTG in the Japanese, and they also play a role in the pathogenesis of POAG and XFG. (Am J Ophthalmol 2012;154:825-832. (C) 2012 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

DOI： 10.1016/j.ajo.2012.03.050

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：B M J PUBLISHING GROUP  

Background/aims To analyse quantitatively the anterior segment configuration in eyes with nanophthalmos before and after cataract surgery.
Methods This was a retrospective, non-comparative, interventional case series. Eleven eyes in eight patients with nanophthalmos who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation were identified from the department's surgical log, and their clinical records were retrospectively reviewed. Main outcome measures were as follows: visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), axial length and the following ultrasound biomicroscopy parameters: angle opening distance at 500 mm anterior to the scleral spur (AOD500), trabecular-iris angle (TIA) and trabecular ciliary process distance.
Results The mean axial length of the eyes was 17.3 +/- 1.7 mm. AOD500 and TIA increased after cataract surgery (p&lt;0.005). Smaller axial length, AOD500 and TIA before cataract surgery were observed in eyes with preoperative IOP elevation than those without preoperative IOP elevation (p&lt;0.05). Lower postoperative IOP was correlated with greater AOD500 and TIA before cataract surgery (p&lt;0.05).
Conclusions Cataract surgery deepened the anterior chamber and widened the anterior chamber angle in nanophthalmic eyes. Cataract surgery may have beneficial effects on IOP in eyes with nanophthalmos.

DOI： 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-301496

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：メディカル葵出版  

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2012319280

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：メディカル葵出版  

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2012210833

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：BIOMED CENTRAL LTD  

Background: Fibrin pupillary-block glaucoma is a rare complication after cataract surgery. The treatment for this condition is still controversial, since Nd:YAG laser fibrin membranotomy tends to reocclude and laser peripheral iridotomy entails the risk of damaging the corneal endothelium in the presence of corneal edema associated with elevated intraocular pressure.
Case presentation: A 62-year-old man with diabetes mellitus developed acute elevation of intraocular pressure with a shallow anterior chamber five days after uneventful cataract surgery. Initially, slit lamp examination provided only limited information due to severe corneal edema. After resolution of corneal edema with systemic glaucoma therapy, a complete fibrin membrane was observed across the pupil by slit lamp examination. Anterior segment optic coherence tomography clearly revealed a thin fibrin membrane covering the entire pupillary space, a shallow anterior chamber, and a deep posterior chamber. The intraocular lens was not observed by anterior segment optic coherence tomography. In contrast, ultrasound biomicroscopy, which has superior penetration depth, was able to visualize the intraocular lens deep in the posterior chamber. Injection of tissue plasminogen activator into the anterior chamber resulted in complete fibrinolysis and released the pupillary block.
Conclusion: This case suggests that ocular anterior segment imaging modalities, especially ultrasound biomicroscopy, serve as powerful diagnostic tools to identify mechanisms of acute angle closure glaucoma, which is often accompanied by poor intraocular visibility. This is the first reported case of fibrin pupillary-block glaucoma after cataract surgery successfully treated with intracameral tissue plasminogen activator.

DOI： 10.1186/1471-2415-12-3

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2012131535

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Purpose : To evaluate the results and the related factors of orthoptics for patients with early-onset developmental glaucoma. Patients and Methods : Orthoptics therapy was performed on 23 eyes of 16 patients with earlyonset developmental glaucoma and the outcomes were evaluated in this study. Trabeculectomy was performed in all cases to control intraocular pressure and then refractive examination was performed with topical atropine. While the patients with refractive errors were prescribed eye glasses, we tried occlusion therapy in cases that had strabismus or had side's difference in visual acuities. Results : The starting age of orthoptics was 4.09 ±1.72 (2-8) (mean ± standard deviation, range) years. In 23 eyes of 16 patients, visual acuity improved in 15 eyes(65.2%)but not in 8 eyes(34.8%). All eyes with 0.2 or higher of initial visual acuity tended to be improved up to 0.8 or higher. Unilateral cases had poorer prognosis and less effectiveness against orthoptics than bilateral cases. The eyes likely to have form vision deprivation amblyopia had poor prognosis and no or a little response to orthoptics. Cases such as strabismic, ametropic, or anisometropic amblyopia obtained satisfactory visual acuity, if orthoptics were started at the proper period for each case. Conclusions : Amblyopia-like conditions are common in eyes with early-onset developmental glaucoma and often respond well to treatment. Treatment of amblyopia is as important as IOP control in these children.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER  

We compared two types of visual field index including mean deviation (MD) and the visual field index (VFI) for assessing the relationship between quality of life (QOL) and the loss of visual field in open-angle glaucoma patients.
We examined 336 eyes of 168 consecutive glaucoma patients. All participants completed the Japanese version of the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25). Visual field testing using the Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) was performed to obtain both MD and VFI in the bilateral eyes of each patient. We defined eyes of better MD or VFI as the better eye and the fellow eyes as the worse eye. Visual field data and scores of NEI VFQ-25 were compared between patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). A single linear regression analysis was applied to assess the significance of the relationship between QOL and visual field, and to compare the strength of correlations between MD and the VFI. An unpaired t test was used for the comparison the data between NTG and POAG.
A significant relationship was observed between QOL and visual field in nine subscales and the composite in both the better eye and the worse eye. The relationship was stronger in the better eye than in the worse eye. The correlation coefficients of the VFI were slightly higher than those of MD overall. The highest correlation coefficients were demonstrated in ten subscales and the composite in the better eye of the VFI. Only the score for general vision was significantly higher in NTG patients than POAG patients.
A significant relationship was found between QOL and both the VFI and MD, but the VFI had a marginally better correlation than that of MD. While QOL was better related with visual field loss in the better eye than in the worse eye, the difference was not large. Not much of a difference was found in the status of QOL between NTG patients and POAG patients.

DOI： 10.1007/s00417-011-1779-5

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ajo.2010.11.028

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER TOKYO  

To verify the advantages of trabeculotomy combined with phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation and sinusotomy (PTOS) in eyes with exfoliation glaucoma (XFG) and a coexisting cataract.
Sixty-six eyes of 62 Japanese XFG patients that received either PTOS, phacotrabeculectomy (PTE) or MMC trabeculectomy (LEC) were followed for up to 36 months at Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital. The outcomes of postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) and visual acuity as well as complications were compared among the patients who underwent the three surgical procedures.
The average preoperative IOP in the PTOS cases was 22.4 +/- A 5.13 mmHg, but decreased to 12.3 +/- A 2.33 mmHg at 12 months post-surgery and was maintained for up to 36 months. The preoperative IOPs, which were 21.9 +/- A 4.18 mmHg in the PTE group and 26.6 +/- A 7.57 mmHg in the LEC group, decreased to 13.3 +/- A 2.79 mmHg in the PTE group and 12.6 +/- A 6.00 mmHg in the LEC group at 12 months. There were no statistical differences among the three groups at any time point after 3 months. While the postoperative corrected visual acuities were similar between the PTOS and PTE groups, the average time in which the best postoperative visual acuity was reached was significantly shorter in the PTOS group (1.37 +/- A 1.74 months) than in the PTE group (4.92 +/- A 4.36 months).
PTOS can be recommended as an initial glaucoma surgery for XFG eyes with coexisting cataracts, because PTOS is not a filtering surgery, but can obtain similar IOP effects as PTE for XFG eyes.

DOI： 10.1007/s10384-011-0024-4

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：(株)メディカル葵出版  

目的:落屑緑内障眼の角膜内皮細胞所見について検討した。対象および方法:対象は緑内障手術の適応となった落屑緑内障患者47例で、手術眼を落屑緑内障手術群(XFG手術群)とし、その僚眼を落屑緑内障非手術群(XFG非手術群)とした。原発開放隅角緑内障患者63例63眼(OAG群)、加齢白内障患者47例47眼(CAT群)と比較した。スペキュラーマイクロスコープにより細胞密度(CD)、平均細胞面積、六角形細胞出現率、変動係数を計測し比較した。結果:XFG手術群、非手術群、OAG群、CAT群のCDはそれぞれ2408±236、2514±254、2601±295、2829±306(cells/mm2)で、XFG非手術群とOAG群間以外のすべての群間で有意差がみられた。XFG手術群のCDと発見時眼圧、経過観察期間との間に有意な相関がみられた。結論:落屑緑内障眼ではCDは有意に小さかった。発見時眼圧が高く経過観察期間が長いほどCDが小さい傾向がみられた。(著者抄録)

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2011&ichushi_jid=J01784&link_issn=&doc_id=20110324260024&doc_link_id=%2Fah9atgke%2F2011%2F002803%2F024%2F0430-0434%26dl%3D0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fah9atgke%2F2011%2F002803%2F024%2F0430-0434%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2011181269

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：MOLECULAR VISION  

Purpose: To investigate whether the solute carrier family 1, member 3 (SLC1A3) gene, which encodes the glutamate aspartate transporter, is associated with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) in Japanese patients.
Methods: Two hundred and ninety-five Japanese patients with NTG and 518 Japanese healthy controls were recruited. Patients exhibiting comparatively early NTG onset were selected because early onset suggests that genetic factors may show stronger involvement. We genotyped 5 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SLC1A3 and assessed the allelic and genotypic diversity among cases and controls.
Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the frequency of SLC1A3 alleles and genotypes between cases and controls.
Conclusions: Our study showed no association between SLC1A3 and NTG, suggesting that the SLC1A3 gene may not be an associated factor in NTG pathogenesis.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between quality of vision (QOV) and visual function in glaucoma patients. Patients and methods: The relationship between QOV and visual function was investigated in 200 Japanese glaucoma patients. QOV was assessed using the Japanese version of the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire. The better eye and the worse eye were defined based on the mean deviation (MD) value of the Humphrey Field Analyzer program 30-2. A single linear regression analysis was applied to assess the relationship. Results: The lowest subscale score was observed in general health followed by general vision and driving. Visual acuity and the central 10° MD value in the better eye and the central 30° MD value in the worse eye were highly correlated with QOV. Threshold MD values at which patients began to have lower QOV ranged from -2 to -12 dB in the better eye and from -7 to -16 dB in the worse eye. Conclusion: Loss of visual function in both the better and the worse eye is significantly correlated to QOV. QOV of glaucoma patients begins to decrease in the early stages of visual field defects. © 2011 Sawada et al.

DOI： 10.2147/OPTH.S16989

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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その他リンク： http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2853-1308

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：MOLECULAR VISION  

Purpose: To investigate whether the GLC1F locus is associated with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) in Japanese patients.
Methods: We recruited 242 unrelated Japanese subjects, including, 141 NTG patients and 101 healthy controls. The patients exhibiting a comparatively early onset were selected as they suggest that genetic factors may show stronger involvement. Genotyping and assessment of allelic diversity was performed on 11 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers in and around the GLC1F locus.
Results: Individuals carrying the 163 allele of D7S1277i had a statistically significant increased risk of NTG (p=0.0013, pc=0.016, OR=2.47, 95% CI=1.42-4.30). None of the other markers identified significant loci (pc&gt;0.05) after Bonferroni's correction.
Conclusions: These findings suggested that the genes in the GLC1F locus may be associated with the pathogenesis of NTG.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1167/iovs.09-4247

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Purpose: Normal tension glaucoma (NTG) is a subtype of glaucoma in which intraocular pressure is within the statistically normal range. NTG may be associated with an immune disorder. The aim of this study was to determine whether specific alleles in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 genes correlated with NTG in Japanese patients. Methods: We genotyped the HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 alleles in 113 Japanese patients with NTG and in 184 healthy Japanese control subjects using the polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes (PCR-SSOP) Luminex method. We assessed the allelic diversity in patients and controls. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the allele frequency of HLADRB1 and HLA-DQB1 between NTG patients and control subjects, and no HLA-DRB1-HLA-DQB1 haplotypes demonstrated any significant association with NTG. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 polymorphisms have no significant effect on the development of NTG in Japanese patients. © 2010 Molecular Vision.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Purpose: We evaluated the progression rate of total, and upper and lower visual field defects in treated open-angle glaucoma patients. Patients and methods: This study was a retrospective, nonrandomized, comparative study. Five-hundred forty-four eyes from 315 Japanese open-angle glaucoma patients were examined. The mean deviation (MD) and total deviation (TD) for both the upper and lower slopes on the Humphrey Field Analyzer were calculated and compared in high-tension glaucoma (&gt
21 mmHg) and normal-tension glaucoma (≤21 mmHg). Results: Patients with over -20 dB of MD and over -23 dB of upper or lower TD were enrolled into each analysis. Patients with -7.75 ± 5.30 (mean ± standard deviation) dB of MD, -9.16 ± 10.80 dB of upper TD, or -7.11 ± 6.02 dB of lower TD were followed up for 4-19 years. The mean MD slope was -0.41 ± 0.50 dB/year, the upper TD slope was -0.46 ± 0.65 dB/year, and the lower TD slope was -0.32 ± 0.53 dB/year. Comparing high-tension glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma, the upper TD slope was similar for both types of glaucoma, but the MD and lower TD slopes in high-tension glaucoma were significantly lower than those in normal-tension glaucoma. Conclusions: The progression rates in lower visual field defects in high-tension glaucoma might be faster than those in normal-tension glaucoma. The results of this study might be used to predict the prognosis of visual field defects, as well as the quality of vision in patients with open-angle glaucoma. © 2010 Fukuchi et al.

DOI： 10.2147/OPTH.S13101

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

The exact role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in neurodegeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in vivo following ischemia-reperfusion injury of the retina was unknown. We made transgenic mice in which the Thy-1.2 promoter drives the expression of EGFP cDNA (Thy-1-EGFP) in RGCs to monitor RGC survival and death in retinal whole mount preparations and in live animals. We show that celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, blocks RGC death after ischemic injury. Furthermore, in COX-2 knockout (COX-2(-/-)) mice, RGCs are resistant to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Finally, we performed time-lapse monitoring of RGC death after ischemia in Thy-1-EGFP; COX-2(-/-) mice. Our data show that COX-2 plays a crucial role in ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced RGC death. Inhibition of COX-2 activity may therefore be an effective therapy for neurodegenerative diseases of the retina and optic nerve. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd and the Japan Neuroscience Society. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2009.08.008

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：MOLECULAR VISION  

Purpose: Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is a transmembrane receptor that mediates immune responses to exogenous and endogenous ligands, and interacts with heat-shock proteins, which are reportedly involved in normal tension glaucoma (NTG). We investigated whether TLR2 polymorphisms are associated with NTG.
Methods: 200 Japanese patients with NTG and 128 healthy Japanese controls were recruited. We genotyped five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TLR2 gene and assessed the allele and haplotype diversities between cases and controls for all SNPs.
Results: No significant differences in the frequency of TLR2 alleles and haplotypes in the NTG cases were detected, compared with the controls.
Conclusions: Our study showed no evidence for an association between TLR2 polymorphisms and NTG. TLR2 polymorphisms may not play an important role in NTG pathogenesis in the Japanese population.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER TOKYO  

DOI： 10.1007/s10384-009-0742-z

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER TOKYO  

To examine the composition of scleral sulfated proteoglycans in three nanophthalmic eyes by electron microscopic histochemistry.
Scleral tissues from three cases of nanophthalmos were collected from the Niigata University Hospital for transmission electron microscopic examination. Sulfated proteoglycans were studied using the cuprolinic blue (CB) dye binding method in conjunction with enzymatic digestion.
Compared with the controls, the nanophthalmic sclerae were much thicker, and the collagen fibrils showed a less orderly arrangement. Twisting or fraying of collagen fibrils was noted in some areas, and fine fibrous materials surrounded the abnormal fibrils. CB-positive proteoglycan filaments were found around the collagen fibrils and in the fine fibrous materials in the nanophthalmic specimens. The number of proteoglycan filaments was smaller than that in the normal specimens. After enzymatic digestion, the CB-positive filaments were identified as dermatan/chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. Although the number of dermatan sulfate filaments in nanophthalmos sclerae was similar to that in the controls, there were many fewer chondroitin sulfate filaments.
A loss of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan was observed in nanophthalmic sclerae. The alteration may be related to the abnormal organization of collagen fibrils and the onset of uveal effusion.

DOI： 10.1007/s10384-008-0641-8

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: To investigate whether the GPDS1 locus, a potential causative locus of pigment-dispersion syndrome, is associated with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) in Japanese patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used polymerase chain reaction amplification with sequence-specific primers to analyze 20 polymorphic microsatellite markers in and around the GPDS1 locus with an automated DNA analyzer and automated fragment detection by fluorescent-based technology. The DNA samples used for these analyses were obtained from ethnicity- and gender-matched patients, including 141 Japanese patients with NTG and 101 healthy controls. Patients exhibiting a comparatively early onset were selected as this suggests that genetic factors may show stronger involvement. RESULTS: One allele of D7S2462 exhibited a frequency that was significantly decreased in NTG cases compared to controls (P = 0.0013, Pc = 0.019, OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.30-0.75). Alleles at another six microsatellite loci were positively or negatively associated with NTG, but these associations did not retain statistical significance after Bonferroni correction (P < 0.05, Pc > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study showed a significant association between the GPDS1 locus and NTG, suggesting that there may be some genetic risk factor(s) in the development of NTG.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC  

Purpose: To investigate the levels of oxidative stress markers in human eyes with senile cataracts. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, case-controlled study of 57 patients with senile cataracts. To assess oxidative stress markers in the eye, we measured the enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) as well as the total protein levels in aqueous humor. Results: In aqueous humor, SOD and CAT activity levels were 0.133 0.020 and 1.223 0.081 U/ml, respectively; protein levels were 2.372 0.166 mg/ml (means SEM). We observed a significant increase in SOD activity and the protein level in progressed nuclear cataracts. No significant age-associated difference in antioxidant enzyme levels was detected. Conclusion: Significant increases in the levels of SOD activity and total protein correlated with the severity of the cataract but not with patient age, suggesting that progressed cataract is associated with molecules leaking from the lens capsule.

DOI： 10.1080/02713680802500960

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC  

PURPOSE. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a transmembrane receptor that mediates immune responses to exogenous and endogenous ligands and interacts with heat shock proteins, which are reportedly involved in normal tension glaucoma (NTG). This study was undertaken to investigate whether TLR4 polymorphisms are associated with NTG.
METHODS. Two hundred fifty Japanese patients with NTG and 318 Japanese healthy control subjects were recruited. Eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TLR4 gene were genotyped, and allelic and phenotypic diversity was assessed between cases and control subjects.
RESULTS. Strong linkage disequilibrium was observed among all SNPs (D&apos; &gt;= 0.85), which were located in one haplotype block. With respect to allelic diversity, the minor allele of three SNPs (rs10759930, rs1927914, and rs7037117) carried a significantly increased risk of NTG. With regard to genotypic diversity, individuals with the minor allele of six SNPs (rs10759930, rs1927914, rs1927911, rs12377632, rs2149356, and rs7037117) had a 1.47- to 1.65-fold increased risk of NTG. rs7037117, located in the 3&apos;-untranslated region of TLR4, was most strongly associated with NTG, and when incorporated into a haplotype with rs10759930, the strongest association was detected (P = 0.0038, P(c) = 0.0095).
CONCLUSIONS. Multiple SNPs in the TLR4 gene are associated with the risk of NTG. This finding suggests that the ligands and/or cytokines involved in the TLR4 signaling network may be risk factors for the development of NTG.

DOI： 10.1167/iovs.07-1575

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Purpose : To evaluate the prognosis for and factors contributing to visual acuity in patients with early-onset developmental glaucoma and good intraocular pressure control after surgery. Methods : This study was conducted in 19 patients (35 eyes) with early-onset developmental glaucoma and 4 patients (4 eyes) with developmental glaucoma accompanying other congenital anomalies (total 39 eyes of 23 patients). The relationships between final corrected visual acuity (FVA) and anisometropia, nystagmus, exotropia, or glaucoma surgery were assessed. Results : Twenty-six (66.7%) of the 39 eyes had FVA better than 0.4, and this result was better than in previous reports. However, 8 (20.5%) of the 39 eyes had FVA worse than 0.1 (poor visual acuity
PVA). In patients with unilateral glaucoma, PVA was associated with anisometropia, but there was no relation of PVA to anisometropia in patients with bilateral glaucoma. Worse FVA was correlated with earlier age at initial surgery and with greater number of surgeies before age 10 years. Conclusions : In patients with early-onset developmental glaucoma, the prognosis for visual acuity was related to anisometropia, age at initial surgery, and surgery before 10 years of age.

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2007226857

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER TOKYO  

Purpose: To present midterm results and problems pertaining to nonpenetrating lamellar trabeculectomy (NPT) with mitomycin C (MMC) for Japanese glaucoma patients.
Methods: Thirty-nine patients (39 eyes) with primary open-angle glaucoma or normal-tension glaucoma underwent NPT. The results were compared with those in patients treated by penetrating trabeculectomy (PT) with MMC. In addition, the NPT patients were classified into two groups (group A, 24 patients treated between April 1998 and April 1999; group B, 21 patients treated from May 1999 onward), and the results were compared.
Results: The average intraocular pressure (IOP) was 12.6 +/- 2.8mmHg with NPT and 12.4 +/- 3.0mmHg with PT. No statistical differences between NPT and PT were identified with respect to IOP at any time after surgery. A life-table analysis showed that the probability of success (good IOP control) was 37.2% with NPT and 62.5% with PT. No significant difference was detected in postoperative IOP change or in the probability of success between NPT groups A and B.
Conclusions: While postoperative IOP is similar between PT and NPT, the probability of success is better with PT than with NPT. Postoperative laser treatment after NPT is effective but sometimes has a negative influence on IOP control.

DOI： 10.1007/s10384-006-0381-6

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1167/iovs.06-0196

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC  

Purpose: To verify that postoperative management affects the outcome of mitomycin C (MMC) trabeculectomy and suture lysis.
Methods: A total of 108 eyes in 108 Japanese patients were treated with MMC trabeculectomy. They were divided into two groups based on when the operation was performed: group A, 57 eyes in 1998, and group B, 51 eyes in 2001. The results, including postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), complications, and postoperative management, were compared between groups. In addition, they were evaluated by a Kaplan-Meier life-table analysis.
Results: Postoperative IOP was lower and the probability of success by life-table analysis was higher in group B than in group A. Postoperative management, including laser suture lysis and subconjunctival injection of 5-fluorouracil, was started significantly earlier in group B than in group A patients. Although more postoperative complications occurred in group B, none were severe and all were adequately managed.
Conclusions: Starting postoperative management earlier, particularly laser suture lysis, may be necessary to achieve lower and longer IOP control in MMC trabeculectomy.

DOI： 10.1007/s10384-006-0346-9

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s00417-005-0200-7

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC  

Purpose: To analyze the results of mitomycin C (MMC) trabeculectomy and laser suture lysis using either fornix-based (1713) or limbus-based (LB) conjunctival flaps.
Methods: Eighty-two Japanese glaucoma patients were treated by MMC trabeculectomy, with 38 eyes receiving an FB conjunctival flap and 44 eyes receiving an LB conjunctival flap. Postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), the probability of success, and complications were compared between the FB and LB groups.
Results: The IOP of the FB group decreased from 21.6 +/- 7.90 mmHg to 9.75 +/- 3.23 mmHg at 12 months postoperation, and the IOP of the LB group decreased from 21.3 +/- 6.77 mmHg to 9.30 +/- 3.16 mmHg. The postoperative IOPs were similar in the two groups at all postoperative time points. A life-table analysis (Kaplan-Meier method) showed that the survival rate was similar in the two groups but tended to be lower in the early postoperative period in the FB group. Complications were similar also, with the exception of increased leakage in the FB group.
Conclusions: MMC trabeculectomy results were similar between FB and LB conjunctival flaps, in agreement with previous reports. However, increased care may be warranted when an FB flap is used in MMC trabeculectomy.

DOI： 10.1007/s10384-005-0323-8

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DOI： 10.1007/s10384-005-0290-0

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2006046187

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s11064-005-7936-7

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1167/iovs.04-1100

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：メディカル葵出版  

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2005097409

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：B M J PUBLISHING GROUP  

Aims: This study sought to elucidate the effects of timolol and dorzolamide on intraocular pressure (IOP) and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death in an experimental model of glaucoma in rat.
Methods: Mild elevation of IOP was induced in rats by intracameral injection of India ink and subsequent laser trabecular photocoagulation. IOP was measured before the surgical procedures and weekly thereafter. Timolol (0.5%), timolol XE (0.5%), dorzolamide (1%), and artificial tears ( vehicle) were topically applied daily. Retinal sections were prepared for histology to determine RGC number.
Results: Timolol, timolol XE, and dorzolamide induced a significant reduction in IOP (p&lt;0.05) and counteracted the reduction in RGC number that occurred in vehicle treated glaucomatous eyes (p&lt;0.05). The coefficient of correlation between RGC number and IOP was significant in the dorzolamide treated group (r=-0.908, p&lt;0.005), but not in other groups (p&gt;0.05).
Conclusions: Both timolol formulation and dorzolamide reduced IOP and protected RGCs in a rat model of experimental glaucoma. It cannot be ruled out that timolol might protect RGCs by additional mechanisms other than simply lowering of IOP.

DOI： 10.1136/bjo.2004.052860

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Background: We report on a patient in whom unilateral Axenfeld-Rieger (A-R) syndrome was diagnosed and seclusion of the micropupil led to acute angle-closure glaucoma. Case Report: A 3-month-old baby with A-R syndrome in his right eye had seclusion of the right micropupil. The right eye also had acute corneal edema, loss of the anterior chamber, total angle closure, and increased intraocular pressure. On the basis of these findings we diagnosed acute angle-closure glaucoma. Ultrasound biomicroscopy of the right eye showed a tissue strand extending from the peripheral iris to a prominent Schwalbe's line and total closure of the angle due to total closure of the pupil. We performed pupilloplasty on the right eye with a vitreous cutter introduced through a side port placed at the corneal limbus. After pupilloplasty, the anterior chamber of the right eye was deeper and intraocular pressure in the right eye dropped to normal. Conclusion: Ophthalmologists must be prepared to manage an attack of acute angle-closure glaucoma in a patient with A-R syndrome if the patient has seclusion of the pupil or a micropupil.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1167/iovs.03-1403

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Background: Neovascular glaucoma due to internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion is resistant to ophthalmic treatment and causes serious visual function loss. We report a case of neovascular glaucoma caused by ICA occlusion in which visual function was conserved for several years after diagnosis. Case Report: A 71-year-old male developed neovascular glaucoma in his left eye and bilateral retinal ischemia. The right ICA was completely occluded and the left ICA also had severe obstruction. He was treated with trabeculectomy followed by superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery anastomosis and carotid endarterectomy. After these surgical procedures, neovascularization disappeared and retinal ischemia improved. In spite of the severe ICA occlusion in this case, surgery resulted in conservation of this patient's visual acuity for 12 years until his death from unrelated causes. Conclusion: Ocular ischemic syndrome can be managed effectively by vascular reconstructive surgery to promote blood flow in addition to surgery to control intraocular pressure.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC  

Purpose: In this study, we sought to elucidate changes in the levels of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in the rat retina throughout postnatal development and aging.
Methods: We demonstrated NT-3 localization in the retina by immunohistochemistry. Protein and mRNA levels of NT-3 were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay and semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. NT-3 protein levels were assayed in the various regions of the central nervous system. Age-associated changes in protein and mRNA levels of NT-3 in the retinas were assessed.
Results: NT-3-immunoreactivity localized in the ganglion cell layer, inner nuclear layer, and outer nuclear layer. NT-3 content in the retina was relatively high in the examined regions of the central nervous system. Retinal NT-3 protein levels decreased after eye opening, whereas mRNA levels were constant. Both mRNA and protein levels of NT-3 in the retinas of aged animals remained constant.
Conclusions: Our observations suggest that NT-3 regulation in the retina is independent of increasing visual stimuli after eye opening. Stable expression of NT-3 in the adult retina suggests a possible role in the maintenance of the retinal environment throughout later life. (C) Japanese Ophthalmological Society 2004.

DOI： 10.1007/s10384-004-0093-8

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：AMER DIABETES ASSOC  

Although neurotrophins have been assessed as candidate therapeutic agents for neural complications of diabetes, their involvement in diabetic retinopathy has not been fully characterized. We found that the protein and mRNA levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat retinas were reduced to 49% (P&lt;0.005) and 74% (P&lt;0.05), respectively, of those of normal control animals. In addition, dopaminergic amacrine cells appeared to be degenerating in the diabetic rat retinas, as revealed by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity. Overall TH protein levels in the retina were decreased to one-half that of controls (P&lt;0.01), reflecting reductions in the density of dopaminergic amacrine cells and the intensity of TH immunoreactivity within them. To confirm the neuropathological implications of BDNF reduction, we administered BDNF protein into the vitreous cavities of diabetic rats. Intraocular administration of BDNF rescued dopaminergic amacrine cells from neurodegeneration and counteracted the downregulation of TH expression, demonstrating its therapeutic potential. These findings suggest that the early retinal neuropathy of diabetes involves the reduced expression of BDNF and can be ameliorated by an exogenous supply of this neurotrophin.

DOI： 10.2337/diabetes.53.9.2412

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：メディカル葵出版  

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2004040891

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC  

PURPOSE. This study sought to elucidate changes in the levels and distribution of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the retina throughout aging and depending on visual experience.
METHODS. Protein and mRNA levels of BDNF were quantified by enzyme-linked inummosorbent assay (ELISA) and semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR), respectively. Levels were assayed in the retinas of rats on postnatal day (P)2, P7, and P14 (approximate time of eye opening) and at 1 month (M), 3M, 8M, and 18M of age. Changes in BDNF expression and localization in the retina were assessed by immunohistochemistry. The effect of monocular deprivation during infancy on retinal BDNF expression was also examined, by ELISA and immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS. Both protein and mRNA levels of BDNF in the rat retina increased after P14. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the increase in BDNF protein levels occurred in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) between P14 and 1M. BDNF immunoreactivity in Muller cell processes was observed in the inner nuclear layer at 1M, but not at P14. The levels of BDNF protein in the retinas of visually deprived eyes were lower than those of control eyes, as quantified by ELISA. Immunohistochemistry showed that BDNF immunoreactivity in RGCs was diminished by visual deprivation, whereas Muller cells were unaffected.
CONCLUSIONS. These observations indicate that BDNF expression in RGCs is upregulated in an activity-dependent manner, whereas that in Muller cells is regulated only by development.

DOI： 10.1167/iovs.02-1089

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC  

Purpose: To examine the expression and localization of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in the retinas of normal and experimentally induced primate glaucoma eyes. These proteins are known to be produced in response to a variety of stresses.
Methods: Experimental glaucoma was induced in the right eyes of three adult monkeys by repeated applications of argon laser to the chamber angle. Immunostaining with a panel of antibodies against HSP 90, 70, 60, 47, and 27 was performed on retinal sections prepared from the normal and glaucomatous monkey eyes.
Results: The intensity of immunostaining for HSP 90, 60, and 27 was greatly enhanced in the retinas of glaucomatous eyes. Prominent reactivity was observed in the inner retinal layers, especially in the ganglion cell and nerve fiber layers. The staining intensity for HSP 70 was also moderately increased, while immunoreactivity against HSP 47 remained almost unchanged in glaucomatous retinas. Immunostaining against glial fibrillary acidic protein was increased and the immunolabeling pattern appeared to be identical with that of HSP 90 in glaucoma retinas.
Conclusions: The level of HSP 90, 70, 60, and 27 in primate retinas was increased in experimentally induced ocular hypertension. The differences in expression pattern suggest that each HSP may have its unique role in responding to damage or injury related to intraocular pressure elevation. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2003;47:42-52 (C) 2003 Japanese Ophthalmological Society.

DOI： 10.1016/S0021-5155(02)00627-5

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：メディカル葵出版  

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2003167199

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：メディカル葵出版  

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2003167198

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: We report a patient who was diagnosed as having steroid-induced glaucoma after radial keratotomy(RK) and suffered from severe visual field defect. CASE: A 29-year-old man underwent RK for both eyes. After the operation, he was treated for six months with topical medication including 0.1% and 0.01% betamethasone without measuring intraocular pressure(IOP). When he consulted an ophthalmologist, his IOP was 43 mmHg in the right eye and 51 mmHg in the left eye. At our initial examination, his IOP was 8 mmHg in the right eye and 10 mmHg in the left eye with 750 mg acetazolamide peroral, 0.5% timolol maleate, and latanoprost eyedrops. There were RK 16 incisions on the cornea and we found severe glaucomatous visual field loss. Finally we performed trabeculotomy in both eyes for IOP control with conservative therapy. CONCLUSION: As the keratorefractive surgery becomes popular, we must be careful of problems, such as steroid-induced glaucoma, and the change of refraction following the change of IOP.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

In the central nervous system (CNS), Thy-1 is expressed predominantly on neurons and serves as a specific marker for neurons. In the present study, we established a two-site enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) that detects trace amounts of Thy-1 protein. Recombinant Thy-1 protein expressed in Escherichia coli was purified and used as a standard. Of the regions of the nervous system examined, the highest Thy-1 concentration was found in the striatum followed by the hippocampus, neocortex, cerebellum, spinal cord, retina and optic nerve. We found that injection of a neurotoxin, N-methyl-D-aspartate, into the vitreous cavity reduced the Thy-1 level in the retina. Thy-1 ELISA will be useful for quantitative assessment of neurodegeneration in the CNS. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/S0304-3940(02)00654-7

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Purpose. To report two patients with glaucoma who exhibited severe damage to the corneal endothelium after a trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (MMC). Methods. This study includes clinical histories and specular microscopic pictures of the cases. Results. Both patients were middle-aged women, underwent trabeculectomy with MMC, had moderate to severe cornea guttata preoperatively, and developed a shallow to flat anterior chamber, classified as grade 2 according to Spaeth early in the postoperative period. Stromal opacity caused by corneal edema associated with severe Descemet's membrane folds appeared within 2 to 5 days in both cases. The density of the corneal endothelium was decreased on specular microscopic examination. The severe corneal endothelial damage seen after the trabeculectomy with MMC was likely owing to a combination of the preexisting cornea guttata, the flat anterior chamber, and possibly the administration of MMC. Conclusion. Severe endothelial damage after trabeculectomy with MMC may occur in patients with glaucoma and associated cornea guttata. The use of tight sutures on the scleral flap or a modified operative method, nonpenetrating trabeculectomy, may be effective in preventing a shallow to flat anterior chamber postoperatively.

DOI： 10.1097/00003226-200204000-00012

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.11477/mf.1410909019

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/S0021-5155(01)00414-2

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Purpose: The distribution of the cell adhesion glycoproteins, laminin, fibronectin, tenascin, vitronectin, thrombospondin, and entactin/nidogen, was examined in the human lamina cribrosa. Methods: Frozen sections of the optic nerve head from 7 normal human elderly donors were stained by immunohistochemistry. Results: All six glycoproteins were detected in this tissue. While laminin and entactin/nidogen were observed linearly, reflecting the localization of basement membranes, fibronectin was identified diffusely. Marked tenascin immunoreactivity was apparent in the lamina cribrosa, but little or no tenascin staining was detected in the sclera. Vitronectin showed a fine fibrillar staining pattern in the lamina cribrosa, and, to a lesser extent, in the sclera and pial septa. Thrombospondin staining was apparent only in the sclera and the lamina cribrosa, which traversed the optic nerve. Conclusions: These results indicate that extracellular matrix components in the lamina cribrosa differ from those in the sclera or pial septa. This study is the first report that the human lamina cribrosa includes vitronectin and thrombospondin. Copyright © 2001 Japanese Ophthalmological Society.

DOI： 10.1016/S0021-5155(01)00331-8

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：HISTOCHEMICAL SOC INC  

We examined ultrastructurally the localization of myocilin (formerly called trabecular meshwork inducible glucocorticoid response, or TIGR) protein in cultured human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells and in normal human TM tissues. The TM, a specialized tissue located at the chamber angle of the eye, is believed to be responsible for the development of glaucoma. The myocilin gene has been directly linked to both juvenile and primary open-angle glaucomas, and multiple mutations have been identified. Human TM cells were treated with 0.1 mM of dexamethasone (DEX) to induce myocilin expression. This protein was immunolocalized by colloidal gold electron microscopy using an anti-human myocilin polyclonal antibody. Double labeling with different sizes of gold particles was also performed with additional monoclonal antibodies specific for cell organelles and structures. In both DEX-treated and untreated cultured cells, myocilin was associated with mitochondria, cytoplasmic filaments, and vesicles. In TM tissues, myocilin was localized to mitochondria and cytoplasmic filaments of TM cells, elastic-like fibers in trabecular beams, and extracellular matrices in the juxtacanalicular region. These results indicate that myocilin is localized both intracellularly and extracellularly at multiple sites. This protein may exert diverse biological functions at different sites.

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.11477/mf.1410906513

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：AMER SOC CATARACT REFRACTIVE SURGERY  

Purpose: To examine the 3-dimensional collagen fibrillar architecture of Bowman's layer after radial keratotomy (RK).
Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan.
Methods: This study used monkey eyes in which 0.3 mm deep radial incisions were made on the cornea 2 weeks and 1, 6, and 12 months before the animals were killed. Corneal buttons were immersed in a fixative and the cells macerated with sodium hydroxide 10%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed : according to standard procedures. A part of the specimens was embedded in epoxy resin for light microscopic (LM) observation for comparison.
Results: The 5-dimensional collagen fibrillar architecture of Bowman's layer was revealed by SEM. The rupture of Bowman's layer could be seen 12 months after surgery, and there was no continuity of collagen fibrils in the ruptured area. in LM observations, the width of the stromal incisions gradually became narrower near 12 months after surgery.
Conclusion: Our cell-maceration/SEM method showed that the rupture of Bowman's layer remained up to 12 months after RK. This suggests that discontinuity of Bowman's layer may be responsible far globe rupture after RK.

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We report on a 4-month-old boy with congenital glaucoma and hydrocephalus due to myelomeningocele. The patient was born by cesarean section at a gestational age of 32 weeks and 3 days. A myelomeningocele that had been identified in the patient's sacral region by ultrasonic examination was closed by surgery performed on the day of birth. Four months after birth, the patient was found to have increased intraocular pressure (30 mmHg in the right eye and 25 mmHg in the left eye) and trabeculotomy was performed on both eyes. After trabeculotomy, intraocular pressure remained in the normal range without any medications. However, the patient's right iris was white- gray with the sphincter muscle visible. The anterior chamber angle showed wrap-around type high-insertion in both eyes, a vascular ring and micro capillaries in the right eye. The association of hydrocephalus and congenital glaucoma may occur in Walker Warburg syndrome and in syndromes and diseases with chromosomal anomalies or phacomatosis such as Sturge-Weber syndrome or yon Recklinghausen disease. As long as we continued follow-up examinations in this case, it did not meet criteria for any of these syndromes or diseases.

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We treated 2 patients with lens particle glaucoma that occurred many years after cataract surgery. In case 1, a 64-year-old female developed lens particle glaucoma in her left eye 11 years after cataract surgery (phacoemulsification and aspiration). Aspiration of residual lens cortex and irrigation of the anterior chamber was performed, and intraocular pressure (IOP) has remained in the normal range. In case 2, a 53-year-old female developed lens particle glaucoma in her right eye 23 years after cataract surgery. Medical treatment was chosen at first because of posterior capsule rupture and aphakia, but natural absorption did not occur and IOP control was poor, so trabeculectomy was ultimately performed. The residual lens cortex seemed to have been covered with lens capsule and be separated from the aqueous humor, but the residual lens broke and lens particle glaucoma developed. Removal of a residual lens and irrigation of the anterior chamber is necessary early when medical antiglaucoma and antiinflammatory therapy are not effective.

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We followed up 26 eyes of 13 patients of normal-tension glaucoma. The patients were aged from 42 to 65 years, average 57.5 years, at the start of follow-up. The duration of follow-up averaged 11.7 years. The visual field was evaluated using an Humphrey Visual Field Analyser. The visual field was judged as progressed when the mean deviation and/or corrected pattern standard deviation increased by 3 dB or more from the initial value. Out of the 26 eyes, the visual field defect progressed in 13 eyes of 9 cases. The visual acuity remained intact in 23 eyes during the follow-up. There was no difference in the progression of visual field defect between younger and older age groups. There was a tendency for advanced visual field defect to progress further, suggesting the need for a careful follow-up on case-to-case basis. The present findings Show that deterioration of visual field in normal-tension glaucoma is much more gradual than hitherto reported.

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DOI： 10.11477/mf.1410906157

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

A simple and reproducible rodent glaucoma model is required to elucidate the pathophysiology of damage to the optic nerve. We developed chronically elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) unilaterally in rats by injecting india ink into the anterior chamber of one eye using a 30-gauge needle. One week later, trapped carbon particles in the chamber angle formed a black band along the corneal limbus in the injected eyes. We performed direct laser photocoagulation without a gonio lens, and selectively burned the trabecular meshwork. Intraocular pressure was measured every week and laser photocoagulation was repeated until mean IOP in the experimental eyes rose above 25 mmHg. Unilateral IOP elevation was attained in all rats within 4 weeks. Twelve weeks after ink injection, we sacrificed the rats and excised the eyes for histologic analysis. The anterior chamber angle showed peripheral anterior synechia caused by laser photocoagulation, and carbon particles were engulfed by macrophages that infiltrated the ciliary cleft. In the optic nerve head, a remarkable decrease in the nerve fiber layer and cavernous degeneration were observed, suggesting glaucomatous optic nerve damage. This experimental rodent model should facilitate the study of the complex mechanisms involved in glaucoma. Copyright (C) 1998 Japanese Ophthalmological Society.

DOI： 10.1016/S0021-5155(98)00026-4

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We used a specular microscope to evaluate the corneal endothelial cells in 119 eyes before and 2 to 3 weeks after trabeculectomy with topical mitomycin C. The endothelial cell density per square millimeter averaged 2,569±487 (mean±standard deviation) before surgery and 2,444±536 after surgery, showing a decrease of 4.98%. The hexagonality decreased by 1.7%, the coefficient of variation increased by 1.9, and the average cell area increased by 6.82%. There were no statistical differences as a whole in these values. Decrease in hexagonality was more frequent in eyes with prior intraocular or glaucoma surgery. Eyes treated by laser trabeculoplasty showed a decrease in endothelial cell density, an increase in coefficient of variation and an increase in hexagonality. Eyes with postoperative flat anterior chamber showed significant changes in each parameter. The findings show that trabeculectomy with topical mitomycin C does not significantly affect the corneal endothelial cells at 2 to 3 weeks after surgery.

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We tried to create an experimental glaucoma which is simple and highly reproducible in rodents. India ink was injected into the anterior chamber with a 30-gauge needle. The carbon particles were trapped in the chamber angle and formed a black band along the corneal limbus one week later. This area was then photocoagulated anteroposteriorly with an argon laser. Photocoagulation was repeated until the intraocular pressure was elevated to 25 mmHg or more by pneumotonometry performed at a one-week interval. The above procedure was applied to one eye of 7 rats with the fellow eye serving as control. Chronic elevation of intraocular pressure was obtained in all the 7 treated eyes. The eyes were then enucleated and examined by light microscopy. Carbon particles were phagocytosed by macrophages in the intertrabecular spaces. Peripheral anterior synechias were also present. The optic nerve-head showed remarkable decrease in nerve fibers and cavernous degeneration suggestive of glaucomatous optic nerve damage. This experimental model promises to be of value in further studies of glaucomatous optic nerve damage.

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.11477/mf.1410905741

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We evaluated the longterm effect of trabeculectomy with topical mitomycin C on 38 eyes with primary open angle glaucoma. The series comprised 19 eyes with no previous surgery (group A) and 19 eyes with past history of glaucoma surgery (group B). At 48 months after surgery, the intraocular pressure (IOP) was controlled at 15 mmHg or less in 72% of eyes without medication and in 77% with medication in group A. IOP was controlled in 62% with or without medication in group B. The IOP values in well-controlled eyes ranged 7.0-9.2 mmHg in group A and 6.8-10.9 mmHg in group B. There were no differences in postoperative complications between the two groups. The findings show that trabeculectomy with topical mitomycin C is effective in eyes with past history of glaucoma surgery.

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

In 3 cases of primary congenital glaucoma, we performed filtering surgery with mitomycin C (MMC) because of failed trabeculotomies. In case 1, trabeculectomy with MMC was performed on the left eye (age: 4 months)
4 years later, the intraocular pressure (IOP) with medication was about 16 mmHg. In case 2, trabeculectomy with MMC was performed on the right and left eyes (age: 10 and 12 years, respectively)
IOP without medication was about 10 mmHg at 4 years after surgery in the right eye and 8 mmHg at 1 year after surgery in the left eye. In case 3, trabeculectomy with MMC was performed on both eyes (age: 1 and 2 months). Additionally, trabeculectomy and Scheie's operation with MMC were performed on the right and left eyes, respectively (age: 4 months)
4 years later, IOP with medication in both eyes was about 21 mmHg. There were no serious complications in any case. In primary congenital glaucoma, filtering surgery with MMC should be considered as a treatment of last resort in cases of failed trabeculotomy.

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

We report a case of Chandler's syndrome in a 58-year-old female. When first seen in our eye clinic of Seirei Hamamatsu Hospital in January 1990, the patient had been suffering from occasional cloudiness in her left eye for more than 10 years. Her left eye had mild iris atrophy, endothelial abnormality, and ocular hypertension, which were diagnosed as Chandler's syndrome, one of the iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndromes. Cloudiness gradually increased both in severity and in duration as corneal endothelial cell damage progressed. Trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C was performed in June 1994 but cataract and corneal edema progressed despite good control of intraocular pressure for 2 years after surgery, leading to severe visual deterioration and the need for triple surgery (penetrating keratoplasty, extracapsular cataract extraction, and intraocular lens implantation) in April 1996. The patient's cornea was examined histopathologically at this time and severe endothelial cell loss and pigmentation and layering of the endothelium, lamination of Descemet's membrane, and intracytoplasmic microfilaments corresponding to the areas of endothelial dysfunction were noted. These findings are similar to those reported previously. This patient's visual acuity improved but intraocular pressure gradually increased.

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER VERLAG  

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of mitomycin C on the cell replication activity in wound healing following experimental filtration surgery. Methods: Trabeculectomy with or without application of mitomycin C was performed on albino rabbit eyes. At 1, 4, 7, 14, and 28 days after surgery, the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, a marker of cell proliferation, in the filtering site was examined immunohistochemically using a streptavidin-biotin complex method. Results: In control eyes that underwent trabeculectomy but did not receive mitomycin C, the number of immunoreactive cells increased 4-7 days after operation and decreased markedly at around 14 days. The filtering site was obstructed histologically at 4-7 days after operation. In the mitomycin C-treated eyes, immunoreactive cells appeared 4 days after surgery but disappeared by 7 days at the surgical site. The number of immunoreactive cells in the treated eyes was much lower than that in control eyes. Conclusion: The cell replication activity was markedly inhibited by administration of mitomycin C. The filtering site remained open for 28 days after surgery, whereas it was completely obstructed within 7 days in control eyes. Immunocytochemistry for proliferating cell nuclear antigen, as used in this study, is a simple and reliable method for detection of cell replication activity.

DOI： 10.1007/BF00941765

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We studied the expression of the lysosomal enzymes cathepsin B and G in the lamina cribrosa of optic nerve heads in primates with and without glaucomatous conditions. Experimental models of glaucoma were created by repeated exposure of argon laser energy to the angle and expression of the enzymes was studied immunohistochemically. In normal eyes, mild immunoreactivity was evident around vessel walls, in the prelaminar glial column, and in the myelin of the optic nerve. In addition, a mild to moderate reaction was noted in some cells in the prelaminar and laminar portions of the optic disc. In eyes with experimental glaucoma, some of the cells in and around the lamina showed moderate to strong immunoreactivity, and strongly immunoreactive cells were visible within damaged nerve fiber bundles in some eyes with acute-stage glaucoma. These results suggest that changes in expression of tissue-degrading enzymes may be involved in the development and progression of glaucomatous diseases.

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

A 38-year-old female with glaucoma who had undergone bilateral filtration operation 25 years previously developed a spontaneous leak in the filter bleb in the right eye. The anterior chamber of the right eye was shallow, and a Seidel-positive wound leak was evident in the flat, avascular filter bleb. Intraocular pressure (IOP) in the right eye was 1 mmHg and abnormalities due to the hypotonia were evident. The bleb was injected with sodium hyaluronate and then with autologous blood, and antibiotic and carbonic anhydrase inhibitor agents were administered topically but were not effective. Fibrin glue (Bolheal®, Kaketuken, Japan) was injected with autologous blood into the bleb and also applied over the leak site, followed by application of a soft contact lens. When the eye was examined 2 days later, after removal of the soft contact lens, the depth of the anterior chamber had increased and lOP had increased to an average of about 10 mmHg. In this case, fibrin glue was effective in closing the bleb leak that occurred after iridectomy.

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We studied the clinical characteristics and results of surgery in 11 eyes with glaucoma of 10 patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome. All 10 patients had a facial hemangioma in the area of distribution of the trigeminal nerve, and 6 eyes of 6 patients had an episcleral hemangioma. In 5 eyes of 5 patients the iris was placed high in the angle of the anterior chamber, and this feature was seen significantly more frequently in patients younger than 6 years old (p &lt
0.05). We performed trabeculotomy on 7 eyes of 7 patients, yttrium-argon-garnet laser trabeculotomy on 2 eyes of 1 patient, and prescribed topical medication for 2 eyes of 2 patients. Intraocular pressure (IOP) before medication was given averaged 26.6 ± 6.0 mmHg, and IOP after medication averaged 16.4 ± 2.1 mmHg. The last IOP that could be measured at follow-up was less than 18 mmHg with medication. We suggest that in the cases in which trabeculotomy was effective, glaucoma in the eyes of patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome might be caused by a developmental anomaly of the anterior chamber angle.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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