記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD  

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is becoming a major public health problem worldwide, and excessive potassium intake is a health threat to patients with CKD. In this study, visible-shortwave near-infrared (Vis-SWNIR) spectroscopy and chemometric algorithms were investigated as nondestructive methods for assessing the potassium concentration in fresh lettuce to benefit the CKD patients' health. Interactance and transmittance measurements were performed and the competencies were compared based on the multivariate methods of partial least-square regression (PLS) and support vector machine regression (SVR). Meanwhile, several preprocessing methods [first- and second-order derivatives in combination with standard normal variate (SNV)] and wavelength selection method of competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) were applied to eliminate noise and highlight the spectral characteristics. The PLS models yielded better prediction than the SVR models with higher correlation coefficients (R-2) and residual predictive deviation (RPD), and lower root-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP). Excellent prediction of green leaves was obtained by the interactance measurement with R-2 = 0.93, RMSEP = 24.86 mg/100 g, and RPD = 3.69; while the transmittance spectra of petioles provided optimal prediction with R-2 = 0.92, RMSEP = 27.80 mg/100 g, and RPD = 3.34, respectively. Therefore, the results indicated that Vis-SWNIR spectroscopy is capable of intelligently detecting potassium concentration in fresh lettuce to benefit CKD patients around the world in maintaining and enhancing their health.

DOI： 10.1142/S1793545820500297

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：KOREAN SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE  

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a useful technique for the non-destructive analysis of fruit quality. The key quality parameters of table grapes (Vitis vinifera) that affect consumer preference are the soluble solids content (SSC), pH, firmness, and seedlessness. This research focused on using NIR spectroscopy for assessing the quality of 'Kyoho' table grapes, as a non-destructive analysis under laboratory and field conditions. NIR spectra for each sample were acquired in the wavelength range of 400-1000 nm, using a visible/NIR spectrometer with fibre optics in the interactance mode. Partial least-square regression was used to calibrate the NIR spectral data with all the measured properties of table grapes. The best prediction model for firmness was the Savitzky-Golay first derivative (SGD1) with a coefficient of determination (Rprediction2) of 0.7427 in the laboratory, and 0.7804 in the field. The Rprediction2values for pH in the laboratory and the field was 0.6276 using multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), and 0.7676 using SGD1, respectively. These values were similar to the Rprediction2values of SSC, which were 0.6926 using MSC, and 0.8052 using the Savitzky-Golay second derivative, respectively. In both analyses the R(2)of the calibration model was between 0.6944 and 0.8877. The partial least-square discriminant analysis was used to classify the percentage of seedlessness, which was 93.10% in the laboratory using SGD1 or MSC, and 79.31% in the field using MSC. Therefore, NIR spectroscopy is an efficient non-destructive technique for rapidly analysing Japanese table grape qualities in laboratory and field settings.

DOI： 10.1007/s13580-020-00256-4

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER  

Quality evaluation of passion fruit is an important practice before consuming or processing. The fruit's total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), and pulp content (PC) were predicted by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Prediction models were constructed by chemometrics of the partial least squares (PLS) regression on the NIR spectra from interactance spectroscopy. Accurate prediction results were obtained and showed high correlations (r) between the predicted and reference values (0.84, 0.91, and 0.99 for TSS, TA and PC, respectively). Small standard errors of prediction (SEPs) and bias were also found. A robust prediction model of pulp content provided the greatest value of the residual predictive deviation (RPD = 6.4). Variable selection effectively highlighted the important wavelengths and helped to prune the unimportant variables for the TSS, TA and PC produced calibrations with satisfactory results in the predictions (r = 0.84 - 0.98). In conclusion, nondestructive NIR spectroscopy can be a potential predictor for determining purple passion fruit quality.

DOI： 10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108712

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：MDPI  

Shredded cabbage is widely used in much ready-to-eat food. Therefore, rapid methods for detecting and monitoring the contamination of foodborne microbes is essential. Short wavelength near infrared (SW-NIR) spectroscopy was applied on two types of solutions, a drained solution from the outer surface of the shredded cabbage (SC) and a ground solution of shredded cabbage (GC) which were inoculated with a mixture of two bacterial suspensions, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. NIR spectra of around 700 to 1100 nm were collected from the samples after 0, 4, and 8 h at 37 degrees C incubation, along with the growth of total bacteria, E. coli and S. typhimurium. The raw spectra were obtained from both sample types, clearly separated with the increase of incubation time. The first derivative, a Savitzky-Golay pretreatment, was applied on the GC spectra, while the second derivative was applied on the SC spectra before developing the calibration equation, using partial least squares regression (PLS). The obtained correlation (r) of the SC spectra was higher than the GC spectra, while the standard error of cross-validation (SECV) was lower. The ratio of prediction of deviation (RPD) of the SC spectra was higher than the GC spectra, especially in total bacteria, quite normal for the E. coli but relatively low for the S. typhimurium. The prediction results of microbial spoilage were more reliable on the SC than on the GC spectra. Total bacterial detection was best for quantitative measurement, as E. coli contamination could only be distinguished between high and low values. Conversely, S. typhimurium predictions were not optimal for either sample type. The SW-NIR shows the feasibility for detecting the existence of microbes in the solution obtained from SC, but for a more specific application for discrimination or quantitation is needed, proving further research in still required.

DOI： 10.3390/agriengineering1020018

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

Eating quality evaluation of Khao Dawk Mali 105 rice (KDML105) based on near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) of single kernels was developed to measure the amylose content of uncooked rice, and texture of cooked rice. The rice samples were scanned using near infrared transmittance spectrometry over the wavelengths of 940-2222 nm before cooking. Calibration models of amylose content and cooked rice texture were generated by partial least squares (PLS) regression based on first derivative upon logarithms of transmittance. The PLS regression for amylose content (AC) which were expressed as coefficients of determination (R-2) were 0.95 and 0.92 for calibration and prediction, respectively. Root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) was 9.9 g/kg, dry weight. The texture of cooked rice was expressed in springiness (H1), resilience (A1), deformation (H2) and cohesiveness (A2) from low and high compression tests. The PLS prediction results (R-pre(2)) for H1, A1, H2 and A2 were 0.61, 0.86, 0.87 and 0.91, respectively. The RMSEP (and bias) were 0.03 (0.004), 0.01 (0.001), 0.02 (0.005) and 0.01 (0.000), correspondingly. The validity of each calibration model was statistically evaluated. The use of NIRS was feasible to predict amylose content of uncooked rice, and eating quality (texture) of cooked rice before cooking. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.01.014

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：農業食料工学会  

中山間地域における農業生産活動の活性化を目指し，6次産業化への展開を視野に入れた地域資源利活用による施設栽培システムを構築し，その導入効果を評価した。

本研究では，遊休体育館内に設置されたハウスを園芸施設として利用し，サツマイモ栽培を行った。サツマイモの栽培環境創出にはヒートポンプを導入し，沢水および温泉排湯をそれぞれ冷房および暖房の熱源として利用した。さらに，サツマイモの増収および塊根肥大促進のために，温泉排湯の熱利用による地中加温装置を組み込んだ多段栽培システムを構築した。その結果，温泉排湯熱の効率的な利用方法について考察し，沢水および温泉排湯の熱資源を有効利用した本システムによる増収効果について確認した。

DOI： 10.11357/jsamfe.79.3_248

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その他リンク： https://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010925040

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）   出版者・発行元：AGRONOMSKI FAKULTET SVEUCILISTA U ZAGREBU  

Consumer acceptance and satisfaction regarding the quality of product is an important issue in marketing. Soluble solids content, so-called SSC, is the most important quality parameter used to indicate sweetness of fresh and processed horticultural products.Due to the increasing demand of internal quality assurance in the fresh product, industry has spurred the development of wide range of advanced, rapid, real time, reliable and non-invasive technologies for quality assessment. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has shown significant potential to analyze postharvest quality parameters of several types of fruits and vegetables.This paper presented an experimental research of the possibility of visible/near infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy for monitoring internal quality of persimmon fruit. Calibration model relating Vis/NIR spectra (700-1100 nm) to SSC during de-astringency process was developed based on interactance mode of measurement. The developed calibration model was subsequently tested its accuracy by external validation set. The prediction performance was analyzed by using correlation coefficient of prediction (R-pre) between NIR model predicted values and measure values, standard error of prediction (SEP), root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEP), and bias, for preliminary estimation of the sweetness of persimmon fruit during de-astringency.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：BEGELL HOUSE INC  

Flat-fan air inclusion nozzles, usually with a high-pressure range of 1-1.5 MPa, have been widely used as one of the best drift control methods on agricultural boom sprayers in Japan. To get a better understanding of the relationship between the nozzle design parameters (pre-orifice diameter and final orifice area) and the initial spray characteristics (droplet size characteristics, spray angle, liquid flow rate, and included air within droplets), the influence of the above parameters of the KIRINASHI ES series nozzles on the initial spray characteristics was investigated under different nozzle pressures. The results show that the pre-orifice diameter, final orifice area, and nozzle pressure significantly affect the volume median diameter (D-v0.5). In addition, the nozzle pressure and the pre-orifice diameter had positive correlations with the spray angle while the pre-orifice diameter and the final orifice area significantly influenced the spray liquid density which can indicate the quantity of included air within droplets. The corresponding multivariate regression analysis was carried out and relatively high values of the coefficient of determinations (R-2) were obtained between several nozzle parameters and the D-v0.5, and also the spray liquid density and the liquid flow rate.

DOI： 10.1615/AtomizSpr.2015011488

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

In Japan, fertilised chicken eggs are used to produce influenza vaccines; however, some eggs die and then contaminate the vaccine stock solution, which causes large economic losses and raises health concerns. Therefore, a non-destructive test that allows distinction of normal and unsuitable chicken eggs was developed, first using visible and near-infrared (VNIR) spectroscopy and subsequently a light-emitting diode (LED) light source. Eggs were sampled from an egg farm, and each of the eggs categorised as either normal or unsuitable using candling. Linear discriminant analysis was applied using wavelength absorbance data to distinguish between normal and unsuitable eggs. All of the optical absorbance values of the normal eggs were found to be higher than those of unsuitable eggs. To reduce the production cost, LED lights and photodiodes were used as the light source and light receptors, respectively. A discrimination rate of 92.9% was obtained when LED was used as the light source. (c) 2015 IAgrE. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2015.03.011

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

Visible and short-wave near infrared spectroscopy (Vis/SWNIRS) was investigated using a non-destructive method for evaluating passion fruit quality. In this study, interactance and transmission measurements were performed and their competences were compared. Prediction models of soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), ascorbic acid content (ASC), ethanol concentration (EtOH), peel firmness (PF) and pulp percentage (PP) were developed based on multivariate methods of partial least square regression (PLSR) analysis. The PLS models from interactance measurements provided better prediction results than the transmission technique. The best model was obtained from interactance SSC calibration with a correlation coefficient between measured and predicted values (R) of 0.923. Furthermore, the PLS models generated from interactance and transmission spectra also provided satisfactorily prediction results for EtOH, PF and PP. However, all calibrations failed to predict ASC by providing low correlations and high root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEP). (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.06.028

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER  

The feasibility of Vis-NIR spectroscopy was investigated for its ability to determine the quality of cabbage. This study aims to compare the prediction ability of interactance and reflectance measurements in determining the quality of cabbage (moisture, SSC and ascorbic acid contents). The wavelength ranges of 500-1100 nm were used in this experiment. Two types of data preprocessing were applied to enhance the calibration model based on partial least squares (PLS) regression with respect to the logarithms of reciprocal absorbance (log (1/R)), its first and second derivatives. The PLS regression models for moisture content yielded correlation coefficients (R-2) of 0.48-0.67 and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 2.34-2.83 g/kg for interactance, with R-2 of 0.58-0.74 and RMSEP of 2.50-3.25 g/kg for reflectance. The PLS statistics for SSC were R-2 of 0.59-0.66 and RMSEP of 0.20-0.22 degrees Brix for interactance and R-2 of 0.53-0.64 and RMSEP of 0.22-0.27 degrees Brix for reflectance, respectively. Statistics for ascorbic acid content were R-2 of 0.24-0.61 and RMSEP of 0.11-0.15 g/kg FW for interactance and R-2 of 0.35-0.38 and RMSEP of 0.13 g/kg FW for reflectance. Finally, it is possible to use the Vis/NIR spectroscopy as a rapid tool for evaluating the cabbage quality. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.07.009

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

Numerous vegetable types, such as the large Japanese radish known as "daikon" are prone to internal defects that are impossible to detect with the human eye. Nondestructive measurement provides a suitable technique for detecting defects such as black heart, and air cavities that make such radishes unmarketable. In this paper, we report on the development of a nondestructive detection algorithm for visible/near infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy that can be used to detect internal defects in Japanese radishes. Using the first derivative, selected Vis/NIR wavelengths were calculated by a stepwise forward selection method and then used as classifying parameters in a LDA, PLS-DA, and a neural network. The LDA and neural network were then used to build the detection algorithm based on leave-one-out cross validation. The PLS-DA was then used to build the detection algorithm based on double loop leave-one-out cross validation. When the LDA and PLS-DA were used for the prediction set (removed samples), both of the overall discriminant rate were 90.1%. When the error goal was 0.05 and the number of hidden neurons was 13, the discriminant rates for normal radishes, radishes with internal defects, and the total for all samples were 97.0%, 82.9% and 92.4%, respectively. These results show the potential of the proposed techniques for detecting defects and predicting the internal quality of Japanese radishes. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.10.041

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）   出版者・発行元：新潟大学教育・学生支援機構  

本研究では, カリキュラムマップを用いた成績評価に基づく学習成果の可視化において, 既に整備されている人材育成の枠組みを活用する力法と, その課題を明らかにするととを目的とする．既存のJABEE学習教育目標と主専攻プログラムの到達目標を整理する手法を用いた可視化を提案すると共に, 到達目標毎の配点のばらつきによる可視化された学習成果の見え方について議論した．

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その他リンク： http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/026500910

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

European spray nozzle drift classifications have enabled the objective evaluation of the drift reduction performance of different nozzles with various operating parameters available in certain areas. The drift potential index reduction percentage (DIXRP) for one series of drift reduction nozzles used in Japan was investigated by wind tunnel tests. Based on the reference spray (Hypro ISO F110 03), most of the YAMAHO KIRINASHI ES nozzles had DIXRP values above 50% at nozzle heights from 0.3 m to 0.5 m, which means these nozzles can be considered as drift reduction nozzles. The best nozzle height range was found to be between 0.3 m and 0.4 m above the crop canopy. In addition, the DIXRP values were above 80% for a nozzle height of 0.3 m, except for one nozzle (the ES 05) which had the smallest droplet size and low flow rate which contributed to the large decrease in the DIXRP values when nozzle pressure increased. Large droplet diameter, high droplet velocity and low recommended nozzle height are considered to be important factors that can provide good drift reduction performance although droplet velocity was not measured in this study. The DIXRP value was inversely proportional to nozzle height. In addition, the influence of nozzle size on the DIXRP values was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.01), although the influence was not as obvious as that of nozzle height. Finally, a nozzle classification system for use in Japan based on the relative drift potential has been established. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.cropro.2012.12.017

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）   出版者・発行元：CZECH UNIVERSITY LIFE SCIENCES PRAGUE  

Cabbage is an important leafy vegetable in Thailand, providing income to many small farmers, processors, and other entrepreneurs, and serving as a health food for rural and urban people. However, cabbage is inherently perishable. During the process of distribution and marketing, substantial losses are incurred which range from a slight loss of quality to total spoilage. Postharvest losses may occur at any point in the marketing process, from the initial harvest through assembly and distribution to the final consumer. The causes of losses are mainly physical damage during handling and transport, water loss, or sometimes simply because there is a surplus in the marketplace and no buyer can be found. The objective of this research was to quantify the postharvest loss of cabbage during transport from the farm to the retail market in Thailand with the optimum remaining leaves and positioning of cabbage on the truck in order to improve the cabbage transport system. The cabbage heads were divided into 4 groups at the farm (0, 2, 4 and 6 wrapper leaves). In addition, the cabbages were also positioned on the truck in different locations (9 locations) and then transported to collection centers, wholesale markets and retail markets. The postharvest losses of cabbage were quantified along the supply chain. The results showed that the highest postharvest loss of cabbage from farm to retail market was found in non-wrapper leaves of cabbages (22 %) while cabbages with 2, 4 and 6 wrapper leaves maintained the postharvest quality by protecting the cabbage head from bruising during transport at about 6, 3 and 2 %, respectively. Moreover, the different locations of cabbages on the truck also affected the severity of postharvest loss. The most severe loss of cabbage heads was found on the top layer of the truck at about 25 % loss in non-wrapper leaf cabbages and a little physical damage in the middle or bottom parts on the truck. Interestingly, cabbages with at least 2 or more wrapper leaves were the most effective in maintaining the postharvest quality during transport from farm to retail market. In this research, we recommended that cabbage farmers keep at least 2 wrapper leaves after harvest to prevent bruising of the cabbage head during transport and fasten the top layer of cabbages on the truck to avoid severe postharvest loss.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）   出版者・発行元：CZECH UNIVERSITY LIFE SCIENCES PRAGUE  

It is possible to produce agricultural crops throughout the year using greenhouse horticulture in the cold snowy region. However, heating costs for creating the optimal cultivation environments are high - e.g. (Ohashi, Nakano, 2005). In addition, agricultural production in the greenhouse without oil consumption is desired for the realization of a low-carbon society. In order to reduce oil dependency, the heat pump for cooling and heating without oil consumption has aroused remarkably concern again in recent years, especially the water heat pump and air source heat pump which has been widely used in the agricultural field On one hand, the heating efficiency of air source heat pumps decreases due to defrost on the heat exchanger of the outdoor unit in winter of the cold snowy region - e.g. (Furuno et al., 2009).On the other hand, the water heat pump which uses groundwater heat is expected to have the ability of stable operation in winter. However, the problem remains in aspect of the initial investment such as the digging cost of the groundwater well, which restricts the development of water heat pumps. In this study, I focused on the use of the existing equipment which included the groundwater system for melting snow that is popular in the cold snowy region and the agricultural water that is popular in the agricultural areas. Those existing equipment were used as heat supplies and an environment conscious heating and cooling system was build in the greenhouse to reduce the initial investment cost. Comparison with the practices cultivated by oil boilers in winter, CO2 emission was reduced by approximately 12 % by the present system. Furthermore, this system also created a cool environment in summer with a temperature of 20 degrees C in the greenhouse by using the agricultural water. Therefore, the usefulness of the environment conscious heating and cooling system all year round by using the water heat pump was confirmed

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）   出版者・発行元：CZECH UNIVERSITY LIFE SCIENCES PRAGUE  

In Japan, fertilized chicken eggs are used to produce influenza vaccines. However, some fertilized eggs do not develop after fertilization, develop late, or die during development. If these unsuitable eggs are overlooked and included with normal eggs in the vaccine production process, the manufacturer must dispose whole of the vaccine stock solution in a tank, which results in large economic losses and raises health concerns. Therefore, a nondestructive method that allows distinction of normal and unsuitable chicken eggs was developed, using visible and near-infrared (VNIR) spectroscopy and a light-emitting diode (LED) light source. Normal and unsuitable eggs were sampled from an egg farm, where an experienced farmer assessed the eggs by candling. Linear discriminant analysis was applied using wavelength absorbance data to distinguish between normal and unsuitable eggs, and all of the optical absorbance values of the normal eggs were found to be higher than those of unsuitable eggs. The rate of discrimination between the two types of eggs exceeded 95.8 % when LED board was used. To reduce the production cost, LED lights and photodiodes were used as the light source and light receptors, respectively. The discrimination rate when LED was used as the light source was lower than that when a halogen lamp was used, but was almost the same discrimination rate. LED should be used singly to prevent the adjacent LED light sources from affecting detection because the surrounding LED lights affected the photodiode, thereby reducing the discrimination rate.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）   出版者・発行元：CZECH UNIVERSITY LIFE SCIENCES PRAGUE  

Compared with conventional nozzles, drift reduction nozzles with larger droplet diameters have been proven to significantly reduce the amount of spray drift. KIRINASHI ES nozzles have been widely used as drift reduction nozzles in Japan, especially in the Hokkaido region. However, the working parameters for the nozzles (henceforth referred to as nozzle parameters) being used on boom sprayers in Japan are different from those being used in Europe and America. The nozzle using in Japan was called high-pressure nozzles in this study due to the relatively higher nozzle pressure comparing with the nozzle pressure using in other regions. A wind tunnel test for spray drift was carried out before and a classification system was also established. In this study, a deeper analysis was used to investigate the relationship among nozzle parameters and the drift reduction performance of low-pressure nozzles after using a laser analyzer to obtain the droplet size characteristics. The results indicated that the droplet size characteristics were found to have little influence on the drift potential while nozzle height had the strongest influence, followed by nozzle size and nozzle pressure.

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）   出版者・発行元：新潟大学農学部  

脱化石燃料社会に向けて、新エネルギーの普及は喫緊の課題である。石油が原料である航空機燃料もバイオ燃料化することが求められるようになった。微細藻類は、ヤトロファ、カメリナ、パームなどの植物油より生産性が高いこと、生産地域を選ばないこと等から、微細藻類の航空機用バイオ燃料化に関する技術開発に大きな期待が寄せられている。そこで本研究では、微細藻類の効率的増殖技術を確立するための基礎的研究として、微細藻類培養時の収量の迅速測定方法について検討した。供試藻類はユーグレナとし、トーマ血球計算盤、自動細胞カウンタ、近赤外分光分析装置を用いた。その結果、近赤外分光法で作成された重回帰式から、藻類個体数と乾燥重量を非破壊的に精度良く計測できること等が分かった。また、藻類収量には藻類培養時の明暗周期が大きく影響していることも示唆された。
Alternative kinds of energy for petroleum-dependent society are considered to be imminent in these years. As for the aircraft fuel which is usually produced from petroleum oil, introducing of biofuel to aircraft is really desired. Because microalgae have higher productivity than vegetable oil such as Jatropha, Camellia or Palm oil and have an adaptive flexibility to production site, biofuel for aircraft produced from microalgae is greatly expected to establish the advanced conversion technology of biofuel. In this study, the nondestructive rapid determination of population and dry weight of microalgae are discussed to establish the fundamental technique for efficient growth of microalgae. Euglena was used for experimental material. Thoma counting chamber, automatic cell counter and Near-infrared spectrometer were used for evaluate the yield of microalgae. As the results, the population and the dry weight of microalgae growing in cultures can be evaluated nondestructively with high accuracy by using multiple regression equation prepared from near-infrared spectroscopy. Light and dark cycle during cultivation is also considered to be effective on the yield of microalgae.

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その他リンク： http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/024093939

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）   出版者・発行元：新潟大学農学部  

可視・近赤外スペクトルの測定により、ゼラチン法による渋味判定法で取得される濁度について、非破壊的に推定する方法を検討した。供試果実には、新潟県内５か所の産地から生産者３戸ずつ計15戸の生産者から集めた290果を用いた。670と730nm の吸光度二次微分値を説明変数とした検量線を用いて、等分散性を考慮したデータセット（以下，試験１）、ランダムに選抜した５組のデータセット（以下，試験２）の濁度推定を実施した。試験１でSEP は0.235、試験２ではSEP は0.215～0.244であった。また試験２における濁度の実測値と推定値の単相関係数は0.44～0.52であった。
This study aimed to develop nondestructive techniques based on near-infrared absorption spectroscopy for theestimation of turbidity that is acquired when determining astringency with the gelatin method. For this study, 290 pearswere collected. The samples were harvested from three farmers of five areas in Niigata prefecture, comprising a total of 15areas. Two data sets were analyzed as: a homoscedastic data set（Test 1）, five series of selected random data set（Test 2）.Turbidity was estimated using a calibration curve of explanatory variables with the second derivative value of absorbance at670 nm and 730 nm. In Test 1, the standard error of prediction (SEP) was 0.235. In Test 2, SEP was 0.215 to 0.244. Further, InTest 2, the simple correlation coefficient (r) of measured values and the estimated value of turbidity was 0.44 to 0.52.

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その他リンク： http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/023777694

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）   出版者・発行元：新潟大学農学部  

植物工場は小規模又は荒廃した土地でも安定した品質の植物を大量生産する事が可能であり、気候変動の影響を受ける事が少ない。そのため近年注目を集めている技術である。しかし植物工場は、高額の初期投資やランニングコストが問題となっている。そこで近年開発が急速に進んでいるLED 光利用による植物工場が増加している。LED 光の混合照射による植物栽培制御を行い、高付加価値化の可能性について検討する。LED 光、人工太陽光、自然光の三種の試験区でミズナ（Brassica rapa L.）を栽培し、その成長と品質の違いを検討した。その結果、混合LED 光照射により糖度、ポリフェノール含有量に関して精製促進の可能性が示唆された。しかし、草丈成長が著しく低かったため光量の増加を考慮した光源の選択が必要であると考えられる。
The plant factory can produce plants with the stable quality in small scale or in the wasteland. In addition, it is rarethat the plant factory is affected by the climate change. Therefore in recent years it is attracting technology. However, inthe plant factory, expensive initial investment and running cost become the problem. Therefore the plant factories whichuse LED light that is developing advances rapidly in recent years. We performed plant cultivation control by the mixtureirradiation of the LED light and examine the possibility of the high added value. We cultivated potherb mustard (Brassicarapa L.） in three kinds of examination section (LED light, artificial light of the sun, natural sun light) and examined thegrowth or differences of the quality. As a result, the possibility of the refinement was suggested on a sugar content,polyphenol content by mixture LED light irradiation. However, it is thought that the choice of light source available toincrease the light quantity is necessary because the height of a plant was remarkably low.

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その他リンク： http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/11117471

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）   出版者・発行元：新潟大学農学部  

ネットメロン育苗時の灌水作業は多大な時間と労力を要し、その作業の良否は収穫果実の品質にも影響を及ぼす。本研究では、メロン栽培における育苗期間の灌水作業の効率化・省力化を目的として、個々の苗に対する灌水作業の要・不要の判断を行う自動灌水個体管理装置を試作した。CCDカメラで育苗期の苗の画像データを個々に取得し、それを画像処理することで、灌水作業の有無の判断に用いる特徴を抽出した。得られた特徴をメロン栽培篤農家の灌水判断のノウハウとして集約し、制御結果と比較することで自動灌水判断の可能性を検討した。苗の成長速度や成長のばらつき程度の検証、篤農家による手灌水作業との比較を行った結果、本研究で開発された灌水システムは篤農家の灌水ノウハウを再現しており、育苗時の自動灌水個体管理の可能性が示された。
Watering control for raising seedling of net-melon is very difficult and needs a lot of time and hard labor of farmer. The good or poor performance in watering affects on the quality of harvested melon. The goal of this study is intended to streamline and save labor in the period of raising seedling of melon cultivation. An automatic individual watering system for raising seedling was produced experimentally to make a decision of watering for each seedling. Image data from the individual seedling was collected using CCD camera. The features between the processed image and the farmer's decision of watering were extracted. These features were decided as the full-experienced farmer's know-how of watering for seedling. The watering system developed in this study could show the know-how of watering and the possibility of automatic individual watering for raising seedling period of net-melon cultivation.

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その他リンク： http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/9683243

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：農業施設学会  

近年のエネルギー問題において, 石油代替エネルギーの利用が取りただされている。このような事態を背景に, これまで筆者らは石油代替エネルギーとして炭窯排熱に着目し, そのエネルギー賦存量における農業生産への有益性を示してきた。本研究では炭窯排熱のうち, 煙道口からの排熱を回収することについて検討した。<br>製炭技術者 (以下, 技術者) は煙道口からの煙色, 煙臭を指標として, 窯内環境の制御を行っている。しかし, 排熱回収のため煙道口に熱交換器を設置することになれば, 技術者による従来法での製炭が不可能となる。従って, 炭化における窯内環境を機械的に制御する必要がある。そのための制御指標を製炭時における各測定データから抽出した。すなわち, 技術者の製炭ノウハウを窯内温度, 昇温速度, 排ガス中の水分量, タール量の変化および炭化プロセスから比較, 解析することで, 製炭ステージが移行する時点の判断指標を定量的に得た。また, 炭窯の煙道口からの排熱を安定的に回収するための方法について検討した。

DOI： 10.11449/sasj1971.39.183

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：農業施設学会  

これまでの筆者らの研究により, 積雪寒冷地域のハウス栽培における熱エネルギーの需要量と炭窯排熱を利用した熱エネルギーの供給量が検討されてきた。その結果を基に, 本報ではハウス栽培におけるローカルエネルギーの利用効果について熱エネルギーの観点から評価した。研究対象地で使用されているハウスに対して, ローカルエネルギーの周年利用栽培システムを提案した。すなわち, 吸収式冷凍機を用いた冷暖房システムの導入である。生成した冷温水による冷暖房負荷代替率と貯水タンク容量および循環水量の関係を明らかにし, システム設計における最適条件を決定した。また, 本システム導入による利用効果を冷暖房負荷代替率として評価した。その結果, 研究対象地におけるローカルエネルギーの周年利用栽培システムは, 現行のハウス内温度管理において石油消費量の削減と栽培コストの低減に貢献するものであると評価された。

DOI： 10.11449/sasj1971.38.167

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：農業施設学会  

製炭工程における窯内温度変化と熱収支を明らかにし, 未利用エネルギーとして放出される熱量を算出した。研究対象地は, 新潟県南魚沼郡湯沢町旭原福祉工場とした。同施設の炭窯において, 生産性が高く炭化温度の高い白炭窯の温度測定を行った。白炭製造では, 窯内での炭化に1日をかける日落し窯法と, 2日をかける中二日窯法があり, 本研究ではこの2種類の製炭方法における利用可能熱量を検討した。総出熱量のうち約50%が排熱として窯外に放出されていた。日落し窯法における単位時間当たりの利用可能熱量は, 中二日窯法の約1.7倍であった。しかし, 木材投入量に対する熱収支を計算した結果, 中二日窯法の方が効率よく熱回収できることがわかった。これらのことから, 各製炭方法における利用可能熱量が明らかになった。

DOI： 10.11449/sasj1971.37.61

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：農業情報学会  

本稿では, 農業粗所得を高く維持するための栽培体系, 作付け面積, および圃場内での温室効果ガス算定排出量について検討できる環境保全型営農意思決定支援システムの開発を目的とした.<br>これまでに筆者らが開発した環境保全型営農意思決定支援システムに対し, 「事業者からの温室効果ガス排出量算定方法ガイドライン (試案ver1.6) 」に準拠した温室効果ガス排出量の算出機能と, ハウス栽培計画と暖房費の算出機能を追加した. このシステムを用いて新潟県における水田作・ハウス栽培の複合経営農家モデルを作成し, 営農計画と温室効果ガス算定排出量の評価を行った. さらに, このモデル計画時の暖房費の算出を予測した. 旬移動計画を用いることで, 農家の可能労働時間を有効に利用することができ, 標準作付け計画より178万円 (10%) の農業粗所得の増収が見込まれた. 温室効果ガス算定排出量制約計画を用いることで, 温室効果ガス算定排出量を標準計画より90%, 80%に抑制しながら, 農業粗所得は標準作付け計画よりそれぞれ0.1%減 (12.8万円減), 0.5%減 (78.1万円減) と高く維持する計画立案を行った. 温室効果ガス収益率で比較することで, このモデルでは, しゅんぎく (ハウス冬どり) が環境への負荷が少なく, しかも収益率が最も高い栽培作物であることが示された.

DOI： 10.3173/air.15.395

DOI： 10.3173/air.17.50_references_DOI_GrcqWWoTzWJZsR2zgh5Zjrmgh2V

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：農業施設学会  

積雪寒冷地域におけるハウス栽培時の熱的管理については, ハウスの熱特性の把握が必要不可欠である。そこで本研究では, 国内有数の豪雪地域である新潟県南魚沼郡湯沢町に設置された農業用耐雪ハウスを対象として, その熱特性算出のための測定を行った。栽培時における同ハウスの内外壁面温度, 内外温度・湿度, 日射量, 地温等を測定し, 必要熱量の算定に必要なハウスの放熱係数を決定した。また, 熱収支項別の損失量および気象データの解析によって対象ハウスの放熱機構を追究した結果, 積雪寒冷地域での温度管理における特徴が指摘され, コスト削減, 省エネルギー化等への課題点が明らかにされた。

DOI： 10.11449/sasj1971.36.37

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