Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

Osteoclast and osteoblast are essential for proper bone development and remodeling as well as recovery of bone fracture. In this study, we seek chemical compounds that enhance turnover of bone metabolism for promoting bone healing. First, we screen a chemical library which includes 378 compounds by using murine pre-osteoclastic RAW264.7 cells to identify compounds that promote osteoclastic differentiation. We find that two ROCK (Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase) inhibitors, HA-1077 (Fasudil) and Y-27632, enhance osteoclastogenesis. Subsequently, we identify that these two compounds also increase osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Finally, our in vivo experiment shows that the local administration of ROCK inhibitors accelerate the bone healing of the rat calvarial defect.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.033

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP  

The micro- and nanosize surface topography of dental implants has been shown to affect the growth of surrounding cells. In this study, standardized and controlled periodic nanopatterns were fabricated with nanosized surface roughness on titanium substrates, and their influence on bone marrow stromal cells investigated. Cell proliferation assays revealed that the bare substrate with a 1.7 nm surface roughness has lower hydrophilicity but higher proliferation ability than that with a 0.6 nm surface roughness. Further, with the latter substrate, directional cell growth was observed for line and groove patterns with a width of 100 nm and a height of 50 or 100 nm, but not for those with a height of 10 or 25 nm. With the smooth substrate, time-lapse microscopic analyses showed that more than 80% of the bone marrow cells on the line and groove pattern with a height of 100 nm grew and divided along the lines. As the nanosized grain structure controls the cell proliferation rate and the nanosized line and groove structure (50-100 nm) controls cell migration, division, and growth orientation, these standardized nanosized titanium structures can be used to elucidate the mechanisms by which surface topography regulates tissue responses to biomaterials.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-020-59395-4

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DOI： 10.1111/jdv.15434

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Prosthodontic Society  

<p>The Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms 4th edition was revised for the first time in four years, and The Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms 5th edition was published on March 25, 2019. In The Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms 5th edition, many newly terms have been included along with academic and era changes, and many of the terms in The Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms 4th edition have changed in their meanings. In this article, we explain the flow of revision, newly listed terms and changes, and also introduce the committee proposal regarding the ideal way of nomenclature. We are glad if readers can read this article and fully use The Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms 5th edition.</p>

DOI： 10.2186/ajps.11.309

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2020054514

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

Bone augmentation therapy is used in dental implantation. While techniques to induce bone formation are generally successful, the maintenance of bone mass is more difficult. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms that regulate this process. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is one of the most abundant growth factors that regulate bone mass, promote osteoblast differentiation, and accelerate bone formation. The activity of IGF-1 is regulated by IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). IGFBP-3 forms a ternary complex with IGF-1, extending its half-life in the circulating system. Therefore, IGFBP-3 acts as a stabilizer and transporter of IGF-1. Recent studies reported new IGF-1-independent functions of IGFBP-3 related with bone metabolism. In this study, we investigated the function of IGFBP-3 in osteoblast differentiation. Our results showed that IGFBP-3 decreases the expression of osteoblast differentiation markers, whose expression is enhanced by bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). IGFBP-3 also reduced BMP-2 effect on ALP activity and mineral nodule formation. In addition, IGFBP-3 suppresses the activity of the Smad Binding Element (SBE) reporter, induced by BMP-2 signaling. These results suggest that IGFBP-3 inhibits osteoblast differentiation through the BMP-2 signal pathway, and that IGFBP-3 might play a role in bone mass maintenance in an IGF-1-dependent and -independent manner.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.065

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Fibrillar type I collagen, the predominant organic component in bone, is stabilized by lysyl oxidase (LOX)-initiated covalent intermolecular cross-linking, an important determinant of bone quality. However, the impact of collagen cross-linking on the activity of bone cells and subsequent tissue remodeling is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of collagen cross-linking on bone cellular activities employing a loss-of-function approach, using a potent LOX inhibitor, β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN). Osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1) were cultured for 2 weeks in the presence of 0-2 mM BAPN to obtain low cross-linked collagen matrices. The addition of BAPN to the cultures diminished collagen cross-links in a dose-dependent manner and, at 1 mM level, none of the major cross-links were detected without affecting collagen production. After the removal of cellular components from these cultures, MC3T3-E1, osteoclasts (RAW264.7), or mouse primary bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs) were seeded. MC3T3-E1 cells grown on low cross-link matrices showed increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. The number of multinucleate tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells increased in RAW264.7 cells. Initial adhesion, proliferation, and ALP activity of BMSCs also increased. In the animal experiments, 4-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed with BAPN-containing diet for 8 weeks. At this point, biochemical analysis of bone demonstrated that collagen cross-links decreased without affecting collagen content. Then, the diet was changed to a control diet to minimize the direct effect of BAPN. At 2 and 4 weeks after the change, histological samples were prepared. Histological examination of femur samples at 4 weeks showed a significant increase in the number of bone surface osteoblasts, while the bone volume and surface osteoclast numbers were not significantly affected. These results clearly demonstrated that the extent of collagen cross-linking of bone matrix affected the differentiation of bone cells, underscoring the importance of collagen cross-linking in the regulation of cell behaviors and tissue remodeling in bone. Characterization of collagen cross-linking in bone may be beneficial to obtain insight into not only bone mechanical property, but also bone cellular activities.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0204306

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Language：English   Publisher：WILEY  

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© 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Background/Objectives: The periodontal ligament (PDL) is a non-mineralized connective tissue that exists between the alveolar bone and root surface cementum and plays important roles in tooth function. The PDL harbors a remarkable reserve of multipotent stem cells, which maintain various types of cells. However, the sources of these stem cells, other than their developmental origin, are not well understood. Material and Methods: To elucidate the recruitment of bone marrow (BM)-derived stem cells in the PDL, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing BM-derived cells were transplanted into the femoral BM of immunodeficient rats, and the distribution and expression of stem cell markers in the PDL were analyzed in vivo. To evaluate the functional significance of BM-derived cells to the PDL, tooth replantation was performed and the expression of stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1, a critical chemotactic signal for mesenchymal stem cell recruitment, was analyzed. To confirm the SDF-1-dependency of BM-derived cell migration to the PDL, PDL-conditioned medium (CM) was prepared, and BM-derived cell migration was analyzed using a transwell culture system. Results: Four weeks after cell transplantation, GFP-positive cells were detected in the PDL, and some of them were also positive for stem cell markers (i.e., CD29, SSEA4, and αSMA). Seven days after tooth replantation, the number of GFP- and SDF-1-positive cells significantly increased in PDL. Concurrently, the concentration of SDF-1 and the number of colony-forming units of fibroblasts in peripheral blood were increased. BM-derived cell migration increased in PDL-CM and was inhibited by an inhibitor of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), an SDF-1 receptor. Conclusion: These results indicate that stem cells and their progeny in PDL are not only derived from their developmental origin but are also supplied from the BM via the blood as the need arises. Moreover, this BM-derived cell recruitment appears to be regulated, at least partially, by the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis.

DOI： 10.1111/jre.12433

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PURPOSE: Zirconia is a good candidate material in the dental field. In this study, we evaluated biological responses against a zirconia drill using a bone cavity healing model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Zirconia drills, stainless steel drills, and the drilled bone surface were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), before and after cavity preparation. For the bone cavity healing model, the upper first and second molars of Wistar rats were extracted. After 4 weeks, cavities were prepared with zirconia drills on the left side. As a control, a stainless steel drill was used on the right side. At 3, 7, and 14 days after surgery, micro-CT images were taken. Samples were prepared for histological staining. RESULTS: SEM images revealed that zirconia drills maintained sharpness even after 30 drilling procedures. The bone surface was smoother with the zirconia drill. Micro-CT images showed faster and earlier bone healing in the zirconia drill cavity. On H-E staining, at 7 days, the zirconia drill defect had a smaller blank lacunae area. At 14 days, the zirconia drill defect was filled with newly formed bone. CONCLUSIONS: The zirconia drill induces less damage during cavity preparation and is advantageous for bone healing. (197 words).

DOI： 10.1111/cid.12452

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Type I collagen, a major extracellular component of the periodontal ligament (PDL), is post-translationally modified by a series of specific enzymes. Among the collagen-modifying enzymes, lysyl oxidase (LOX) is essential to initiate collagen cross-linking and lysyl hydroxylases (LHs) to regulate the cross-linking pathways that are important for tissue specific mechanical properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mechanical loading on the expression of collagen-modifying enzymes and subsequent tissue changes in PDL. Primary human PDL cells were subjected to mechanical loading in a 3D collagen gel, and gene expression and collagen component were analyzed. Wistar rats were subjected to excessive occlusal loading with or without intra-peritoneal injection of a LOX inhibitor, β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN). Upon mechanical loading, gene expression of LH2 and LOX was significantly elevated, while that of COL1A2 was not affected on hPDL-derived cells. The mechanical loading also elevated formation of collagen α-chain dimers in 3D culture. The numbers of LH2 and LOX positive cells in PDL were significantly increased in an excessive occlusal loading model. Notably, an increase of LH2-positive cells was observed only at the bone-side of PDL. Intensity of picrosirius red staining was increased by excessive occlusal loading, but significantly diminished by BAPN treatment. These results demonstrated that mechanical loading induced collagen maturation in PDL by up-regulating collagen-modifying enzymes and subsequent collagen cross-linking which are important for PDL tissue maintenance. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 926-933, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

DOI： 10.1002/jcp.25184

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Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells with bone resorption activity that is crucial for bone remodeling. RANK-RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand) signaling has been shown as a main signal pathway for osteoclast differentiation. However, the molecular mechanism and the factors regulating osteoclastogenesis remain to be fully understood. In this study, we performed a chemical genetic screen, and identified a Cdks/GSK-3β (cyclin-dependent kinases/glycogen synthase kinase 3β) inhibitor, kenpaullone, and two Cdks inhibitors, olomoucine and roscovitine, all of which significantly enhance osteoclastogenesis of RAW264.7 cells by upregulating NFATc1 (nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1) levels. We also determined that the all three compounds increase the number of osteoclast differentiated from murine bone marrow cells. Furthermore, the three inhibitors, especially kenpaullone, promoted maturation of cathepsin K, suggesting that the resorption activity of the resultant osteoclasts is also activated. Our findings indicate that inhibition of GSK-3β and/or Cdks enhance osteoclastogenesis by modulating the RANK-RANKL signaling pathway.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.12.011

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Language：English   Publisher：(公社)日本薬理学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：(公社)日本補綴歯科学会  

Alveolar ridge plays a pivotal role in supporting dental prosthesis particularly in edentulous and semi-dentulous patients. However the alveolar ridge undergoes atrophic change after tooth loss. The vertical and horizontal volume of the alveolar ridge restricts the design of dental prosthesis; thus, maintaining sufficient alveolar ridge volume is vital for successful oral rehabilitation. Recent progress in regenerative approaches has conferred marked benefits in prosthetic dentistry, enabling regeneration of the atrophic alveolar ridge. In order to achieve successful alveolar ridge augmentation, sufficient numbers of osteogenic cells are necessary; therefore, autologous osteoprogenitor cells are isolated, expanded in vitro, and transplanted to the specific anatomical site where the bone is required. Recent studies have gradually elucidated that transplanted osteoprogenitor cells are not only a source of bone forming osteoblasts, they appear to play multiple roles, such as recruitment of endogenous osteoprogenitor cells and immunomodulatory function, at the forefront of bone regeneration. This review focuses on the current consensus of cell-based bone augmentation therapies with emphasis on cell sources, transplanted cell survival, endogenous stem cell recruitment and immunomodulatory function of transplanted osteoprogenitor cells. Furthermore, if we were able to control the mobilization of endogenous osteoprogenitor cells, large-scale surgery may no longer be necessary. Such treatment strategy may open a new era of safer and more effective alveolar ridge augmentation treatment options.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jpor.2015.02.001

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC  

PURPOSE: Clinically, bone marrow stromal cells (BMCs) are the most common source of osteoprogenitor cells. Its harvest process, however, is invasive to patients. Previous reports have shown the potential advantages of using periosteum-derived cells (PDCs) as a source of cell-based transplant therapy. The objective of our study was to characterize the osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization ability of PDCs versus BMCs and osteoblasts (OBs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: BMCs, OBs, and PDCs were isolated from 4-week-old male Wistar rats. To characterize the differentiation ability of the cells, MTS assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity staining, picrosirius red staining, and alizarin red staining were performed. Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin sections of calvarial periosteum to determine the presence of mesenchymal stem cells. RESULTS: PDCs showed the greatest proliferation rate compared with BMCs and OBs. Matured collagenous matrix formation was observed in PDCs and BMCs. ALP-positive cells and in vitro mineralization were evident in all cell types analyzed; however, that of PDCs was not comparable to that of the OBs and BMCs. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of STRO-1-and CD105-positive cells in the cambium layer of the periosteum. CONCLUSIONS: PDCs have remarkable proliferative ability, but contain only a small population of osteogenic cells compared with BMCs and OBs. Although cell activity can be affected by various factors, such as age, culture condition, additives, and so forth, PDCs are likely not the source of OBs, although they might provide matrices that indirectly aid in bone formation.

DOI： 10.1016/j.joms.2013.12.001

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DOI： 10.1016/j.joms.2013.12.001

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ヒストン脱アセチル化酵素阻害剤(HDACI)は抗癌剤、抗てんかん薬として臨床応用される薬剤である。HDACIは遺伝子発現過程においてクロマチンリモデリングに関与し、遺伝子発現を活性化することが知られている。骨形成関連においてはRunx2の安定化に関与し骨芽細胞の分化を促進する作用が報告されている。そこで本研究では、はじめに上顎骨円筒形骨欠損修復モデルを用いてHDACIの全身投与における骨形成能の賦活化を検討することとした。HDACIにはバルプロ酸(Valproic acid(VPA))を使用し、投与法は腹腔内投与、投与期間は円筒形骨欠損形成前7日間とした。VPA全身投与群では窩洞内新生骨形成能促進、円筒形骨欠損治癒促進を示す像が窩洞形成14日から21日後にかけて観察された。次に頭蓋骨限界径骨欠損細胞移植モデルを作製し、大腿骨より採取した骨髄間質細胞をVPA処理し欠損部へ移植した。VPA処理細胞移植窩洞では対照群と比較して窩洞内の石灰化の亢進が観察された。本研究より骨増成法におけるHDACIの有効性が示され、更にHDACIの多機能性を応用した新規骨増成法開発の可能性が示唆された。(著者抄録)

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Other Link： https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-23792214/

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

Defining the molecular mechanisms that underlie development and maintenance of neuronal phenotypic diversity in the CNS is a fundamental challenge in developmental neurobiology. The vast majority of olfactory bulb (OB) interneurons are GABAergic and this neurotransmitter phenotype is specified in migrating neuroblasts by transcription of either or both glutamic acid decarboxylase 1 (Gad1) and Gad2. A subset of OB interneurons also co-express dopamine, but transcriptional repression of tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) suppresses the dopaminergic phenotype until these neurons terminally differentiate. In mature OB interneurons, GABA and dopamine levels are modulated by odorant-induced synaptic activity-dependent regulation of Gad1 and Th transcription. The molecular mechanisms that specify and maintain the GABAergic and dopaminergic phenotypes in the OB are not clearly delineated. In this report, we review previous studies and present novel findings that provide insight into the contribution of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms for controlling expression of these neurotransmitter phenotypes in the OB. We show that HDAC enzymes suppress the dopaminergic phenotype in migrating neuroblasts by repressing Th transcription. In the mature interneurons, both Th and Gad1 transcription levels are modulated by synaptic activity-dependent recruitment of acetylated Histone H3 on both the Th and Gad1 proximal promoters. We also show that HDAC2 has the opposite transcriptional response to odorant-induced synaptic activity when compared to Th and Gad1. These findings suggest that HDAC2 mediates, in part, the activity-dependent chromatin remodeling of the Th and Gad1 proximal promoters in mature OB interneurons.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2012.11.009

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SOC NEUROSCIENCE  

A recent study proposed that differentiation of dopaminergic neurons requires a conserved "dopamine motif" (DA-motif) that functions as a binding site for ETS DNA binding domain transcription factors. In the mammalian olfactory bulb (OB), the expression of a set of five genes [including tyrosine hydroxylase (Th)] that are necessary for differentiation of dopaminergic neurons was suggested to be regulated by the ETS-domain transcription factor ER81 via the DA-motif. To investigate this putative regulatory role of ER81, expression levels of these five genes were compared in both olfactory bulbs of adult wild-type mice subjected to unilateral naris closure and the olfactory bulbs of neonatal Er81 wild-type and mutant mice. These studies found that ER81 was necessary only for Th expression and not the other cassette genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) experiments showed that ER81 bound directly to a consensus binding site/DA-motif in the rodent Th proximal promoter. However, the ER81 binding site/DA-motif in the Th proximal promoter is poorly conserved in other mammals. Both ChIP assays with canine OB tissue and EMSA experiments with the human Th proximal promoter did not detect ER81 binding to the Th DA-motif from these species. These results suggest that regulation of Th expression by the direct binding of ER81 to the Th promoter is a species-specific mechanism. These findings indicate that ER81 is not necessary for expression of the OB dopaminergic gene cassette and that the DA-motif is not involved in differentiation of the mammalian OB dopaminergic phenotype.

DOI： 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0419-10.2010

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

Most olfactory bulb (OB) interneurons are derived from neural stem cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and migrate to the OB via the rostral migratory stream (RMS). Mature dopaminergic interneurons in the OB glomerular layer are readily identified by their synaptic activity-dependent expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Paradoxically, TH is not expressed in neural progenitors migrating in the RMS, even though ambient GABA and glutamate depolarize these progenitors. In forebrain slice cultures prepared from transgenic mice containing a GFP reporter gene under the control of the Th 9kb upstream regulatory region, treatment with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (either sodium butyrate, Trichostatin A or Scriptaid) induced Th-GFP expression specifically in the RMS independently of depolarizing conditions in the culture media. Th-GFP expression in the glomerular layer was also increased in slices treated with Trichostatin A, but this increased expression was dependent on depolarizing concentrations of KCl in the culture media. Th-GFP expression was also induced in the RMS in vivo by intra-peritoneal injections with either sodium butyrate or valproic acid. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of neurosphere cultures confirmed that HDAC inhibitors de-repressed Th expression in SVZ-derived neural progenitors. Together, these findings suggest that HDAC function is critical for regulating Th expression levels in both neural progenitors and mature OB dopaminergic neurons. However, the differential responses to the combinatorial exposure of HDAC inhibitors and depolarizing culture conditions indicate that Th expression in mature OB neurons and neural progenitors in the RMS are regulated by distinct HDAC-mediated mechanisms.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.02.054

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Language：English   Publisher：OXFORD UNIV PRESS  

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gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) regulates the proliferation and migration of olfactory bulb (OB) interneuron progenitors derived from the subventricular zone (SVZ), but the role of GABA in the differentiation of these progenitors has been largely unexplored. This study examines the role of GABA in the differentiation of OB dopaminergic interneurons using neonatal forebrain organotypic slice cultures prepared from transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) gene promoter (ThGFP). KCl-mediated depolarization of the slices induced ThGFP expression. The addition of GABA to the depolarized slices further increased GFP fluorescence by inducing ThGFP expression in an additional set of periglomerular cells. These findings show that GABA promoted differentiation of SVZ-derived OB dopaminergic interneurons and suggest that GABA indirectly regulated Th expression and OB dopaminergic neuron differentiation through an acceleration of the maturation rate for the dopaminergic progenitors. Additional studies revealed that the effect of GABA on ThGFP expression required activation of L- and P/Q-type Ca2+ channels as well as GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptors. These voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and GABA receptors have previously been shown to be required for the coexpressed GABAergic phenotype in the OB interneurons. Together, these findings suggest that Th expression and the differentiation of OB dopaminergic interneurons are coupled to the coexpressed GABAergic phenotype and demonstrate a novel role for GABA in neurogenesis.

DOI： 10.1002/jnr.22055

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In the adrenal medulla, binding of the immediate early gene (IEG) proteins, EGR-1 (ZIF-268/KROX-24/NGFI-A) and AP-1, to the tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) proximal promoter mediate inducible Th expression. The current study investigated the potential role of EGR-1 in inducible Th expression in the olfactory bulb (OB) since IEGs bound to the AP-1 site in the Th proximal promoter are also necessary for activity-dependent OB TH expression. Immunohistochemical analysis of a naris-occluded mouse model of odor deprivation revealed weak EGR-1 expression levels in the OB glomerular layer that were activity-dependent. Immunofluorescence analysis indicated that a majority of glomerular cells expressing EGR-1 also co-expressed TH, but only small subset of TH-expressing cells contained EGR-1. By contrast, granule cells, which lack TH, exhibited EGR-1 expression levels that were unchanged by naris closure. Together, these finding suggest that EGR-1 mediates activity-dependent TH expression in a subset of OB dopaminergic neurons, and that there is differential regulation of EGR-1 in periglomerular and granule cells.

DOI： 10.1007/s10735-009-9217-2

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Language：English   Publisher：OXFORD UNIV PRESS  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：国際組織細胞学会  

Root resorption lacunae are principally formed by odontoclasts. While these cells develop from the same origin as osteoclasts, odontoclasts normally have fewer nuclei and a less clear zone compared with osteoclasts. We therefore, hypothesized that odontoclasts possess less differentiation in matrix resorption characteristics than osteoclasts. To test our hypothesis, we compared the TRAP-positive area and the expression patterns of two important proteolytic enzymes, cathepsin K and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), between odontoclasts and osteoclasts. We focused on physiological root resorption in the rat molar, which is a useful experimental model for estimating odontoclasts and osteoclasts. Observations showed the number of nuclei and the TRAP-positive area of odontoclasts to be significantly less compared with osteoclasts. Using in situ hybridization and double labeling fluorescence in situ hybridization showed the majority of odontoclasts to express both cathepsin K and MMP-9, especially 4 and 5 weeks of age, when physiological root resorption occurs actively. Moreover, putative precursor cells of odontoclasts, which typically appeared in the middle of the periodontal ligament at 3 weeks of age, expressed both enzymes. In contrast, the majority of matured osteoclasts expressed only cathepsin K but not MMP-9. We suggest that odontoclasts are comparable to osteoclasts with less differentiation with regard to the expression of proteolytic enzymes.

DOI： 10.1679/aohc.71.89

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY-LISS  

The mechanisms underlying dopamine (DA) phenotypic differentiation in the olfactory bulb (OB) have not yet been fully elucidated and are the subject of some controversy. OB DA interneurons destined for the glomerular layer were shown to originate in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and in the rostral migratory stream (RMS). The current study investigated whether calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) either alone or together with the Ets transcription factor ER81 was necessary for phenotypic determination during migration of progenitors. In most brain areas, including the OB, CaMKIV and ER81 displayed a reciprocal distribution. In the SVZ, only ER81 could be demonstrated. In the RMS, a subpopulation of progenitors contained ER81, but few, if any, contained CaMKIV. In OB, CaMKIV expression, restricted to deep granule cells, showed limited overlap with ER81. ER81 expression was weak in deep granule cells. Strong labeling occurred in the mitral and glomerular layers, where ER81 colabeled dopaminergic periglomerular cells that expressed either tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or green fluorescent protein, the latter reporter gene under control of 9-kb of 5' TH promoter. Odor deprivation resulted in a significant 5.2-fold decline in TH immunoreactivity, but ER81 exhibited a relatively small 1.7-fold decline in immunoreactivity. TH expression as well as brain and bulb size were unchanged in CaMKIV knockout mice. These data suggest that ER81 may be required but is not sufficient for DA neuron differentiation and that CaMKIV is not directly involved in TH gene regulation.

DOI： 10.1002/cne.21293

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS  

The mammalian olfactory bulb (OB) is among the few regions in adult brain which generates interneurons. A subpopulation of these phenotypically diverse interneurons is dopaminergic (DA) periglomerular cells. Full phenotypic development as indicated by expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the first enzyme in DA biosynthesis, requires afferent activity or equivalent depolarizing conditions. To investigate the hypothesis that cFOS regulates TH expression, this study analyzed OB slice cultures obtained from neonatal transgenic mice expressing 9 kb of TH promoter directing expression of green fluorescent protein (TH/GFP). Cultures were depolarized with 50 mM potassium chloride (KCl), the calcium channel blocker, nifedipine (10 mu M) with KCl, or an equimolar concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl). Depolarization increased cFOS expression 6-fold peaking at about 3 h. Staining decreased rapidly returning to control, NaCl, levels by 48 h post-stimulation when TH/GFP expression was highest. Nifedipine blocked the increase in TH and cFOS suggesting that similar signal transduction pathways mediate both responses.

DOI： 10.1007/s11064-006-9134-7

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The gene expression for seven phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinases (PIPKs)-types Ialpha, Ibeta, Igamma, types IIalpha, IIbeta, IIgamma, and type III-was examined using in situ hybridization histochemistry, in the mouse brain during normal development. In the embryonic mouse brain, positive expression signals were detected only for the genes encoding PIPK Igamma and PIPK IIbeta in both the cerebral ventricular and mantle zones, with weaker signals in the former zone. On the other hand, the genes encoding all PIPKs were essentially detected in the external granule cell layer which represents the germinal zone for the neuronal granule cells. In the postnatal brain, among the seven PIPKs, the expression for genes encoding PIPK Igamma and IIbeta is evident in most gray matter, while the expression for the other five types was weak in the cortical gray matter and negligible in most non-cortical gray matter such as the diencephalon and brain stem nuclei. While the expression for most PIPKs in the mature hippocampus was distinct, the expression in the CA3 and the dentate gyrus was less definite for the genes encoding PIPK Ialpha and IIgamma, respectively. The distinct expression for the gene encoding PIPK IIalpha was detected in the postnatal white matter such as the cerebellar medulla, the corpus callosum, the hippocampal fimbriae, and the internal capsule.

DOI： 10.1016/S1567-133X(01)00023-0

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)第一歯科出版  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟歯学会  

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟歯学会  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟歯学会  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本補綴歯科学会  

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟歯学会  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)全日本病院出版会  

歯科において治療対象となる扁平苔癬は口腔扁平苔癬である。口腔扁平苔癬は原因不明の難治性疾患で、潜在性悪性疾患と認識されている。頬、歯肉、舌、口唇などの口腔粘膜に発症し、白色の角化性病変を基本とするが、進行により紅斑を呈し、びらんを生ずることもある。重篤化すると疼痛により摂食困難となる。歯科的対応としては症状の軽減を目的とした口腔衛生指導、含嗽、ステロイド局所塗布などが実施されている。金属アレルギーの関与、金属除去の効果について、現段階では水銀以外は口腔扁平苔癬発症・症状軽快との関連に明確なエビデンスは存在していないとされている。しかし口腔衛生指導、ステロイド局所塗布が奏効しなかった症例において、金属除去によって粘膜症状が軽快した症例も報告されている。(著者抄録)

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2019185227

Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本歯科医学会  

J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本歯科医学会  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)北隆館  

歯科に用いられている各種合金が金属アレルギーの原因となり得ることが知られている。ところが、臨床的にはその存在がほぼ確実であるにもかかわらず、基礎研究や臨床研究の遅れにより、明確な診断・治療方法は見出されていない。歯科金属アレルギーはそのほとんどが全身性接触皮膚炎として病態を現す。今後は病態と金属の種類ごとにその発症メカニズムを解明し、診断・治療に資する成果が求められている。本稿ではその歴史、実態、代表的症状と現状での問題点を概説し、歯科金属アレルギーに関する理解を深める一助としたい。(著者抄録)

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本補綴歯科学会  

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟歯学会  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本骨代謝学会  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本口腔インプラント学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本補綴歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本補綴歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本補綴歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Prosthodontic Society  

DOI： 10.2186/ajps.8.327

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2017051148

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本骨代謝学会  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)歯科基礎医学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本補綴歯科学会  

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2015&ichushi_jid=J05334&link_issn=&doc_id=20150731230004&doc_link_id=%2Fdv5proso%2F2015%2F000703%2F006%2F0234-0235%26dl%3D0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdv5proso%2F2015%2F000703%2F006%2F0234-0235%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟歯学会  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟歯学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟歯学会  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese  

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Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本補綴歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本補綴歯科学会  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本補綴歯科学会  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)歯科基礎医学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)歯科基礎医学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)歯科基礎医学会  

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Language：English   Publisher：新潟歯学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本補綴歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本補綴歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本補綴歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本補綴歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本補綴歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟歯学会  

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Language：Japanese  

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Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/10191/24051

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)歯科基礎医学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)歯科基礎医学会  

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本歯科医学教育学会  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本歯科医師会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本補綴歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本歯科医師会  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：English   Publisher：新潟歯学会  

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Language：English   Publisher：新潟歯学会  

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Language：English   Publisher：(公社)日本口腔インプラント学会  

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Language：English   Publisher：(公社)日本補綴歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本歯科医学会  

J-GLOBAL

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Type I collagen is most commonly existing protein in mammals and particularly abundant in bone, dentin and connective tissues. The C-propeptide is produced while procollagen molecules which are composed of three pro-αchains are assembled to a collagen fibril. It has been suggested that the C-propeptide plays a role to regulate cell differentiation of osteoblasts. However, there is no information about localization in vivo of the C-propeptide in bone and other mineralized tissues such as dentin and cementum. In order to localize the C-propeptide in the mineralized tissues, the present study was designed to investigate their mineralizing processes with immunohistochemistry for the C-propeptide and the type I collagen fibril and with in situ hybridization for the procollagen. Anti-C-propeptide antibody stained the matrix-forming region in osteogenesis, dentinogenesis and cementogenesis. In particular, we found the immunoreactivity around Hertwig's epithelial sheath. The localization of the C-propeptide in vivo may be involved in function to modify cell differentiation on bone tissue and other mineralized tissues as dentin and cementum.

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2008179107

Language：Japanese   Publisher：東北大学歯学会  

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2005091088

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本補綴歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：歯科基礎医学会  

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Language：Japanese  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：歯科基礎医学会  

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J-GLOBAL

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2003&ichushi_jid=J00559&link_issn=&doc_id=20030904340293&doc_link_id=%2Fct4orabi%2F2003%2F004505%2F448%2F0332-0332%26dl%3D2&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fct4orabi%2F2003%2F004505%2F448%2F0332-0332%26dl%3D2&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_5.gif

Language：Japanese  

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Language：English   Publisher：(一社)日本解剖学会  

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