記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会  

本研究は,知的障害者の障害支援区分をはじめとした支援の必要度と口腔内の状態および口腔ケアを受ける際の協力度(口腔ケア協力度)との関連性を明らかにすることを目的とした.調査対象は新潟県内の入所型の障害者支援施設の知的障害のある施設利用者101名とした.結果として,障害支援区分と歯の状態では現在歯数,健全歯数,処置歯数,未処置歯数,喪失歯数において有意差を認めなかった.一方,障害支援区分と口腔ケア協力度では有意差を認め,区分が高くなると口腔ケア協力度が有意に低下した.また,ADL評価でも障害支援区分と同様の結果を認めた.ADL自立度「要支援」において口腔ケア協力度は起き上がり,立ち上がり,衣服の着脱,危険の認識,入浴,食事の6項目が協力度「悪い」が有意に高く,ADL自立度「自立」において衣服の着脱,危険の認識,入浴,排尿,食事の5項目が協力度「良い」が有意に高かった.これらの結果から,定期的な歯科介入が実施されている施設の知的障害者の歯の状態は障害支援区分に関連しにくく,支援の必要度が高いほど口腔保健支援に対する協力が得づらいことが示唆された.またADL評価の結果より,支援全般における必要度から口腔ケア協力度を評価する際には,障害支援区分の認定調査項目「身の回りの世話や日常生活等に関連する項目」といった,知的能力を必要とする動作の自立度がスクリーニングに有効である可能性が示唆された.(著者抄録)

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/default/link?pub_year=2023&ichushi_jid=J00440&link_issn=&doc_id=20231214240001&doc_link_id=10.5834%2Fjdh.73.4_260&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.5834%2Fjdh.73.4_260&type=J-STAGE&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00007_3.gif

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本障害者歯科学会  

被虐待児童はう蝕が多いとされているが,これまでの報告の多くは,う蝕有病者率やう蝕経験歯数に限られていた.本研究では,被虐待児童におけるう蝕罹患状況の特徴を探索するため,歯種別に解析を行った.歯種別解析の対象は,2～19歳の一時保護所への入所理由が「虐待」の児童(虐待群)323名とした.年齢に応じて,乳歯の解析では2区分(2～5歳,6～9歳),永久歯では3区分(5～9歳,10～14歳,15～19歳)とし,歯科疾患実態調査(対照群)と比較を行った.乳歯,永久歯ともに一人平均未処置歯数は虐待群において有意に高く,永久歯においては一人平均う歯数がすべての年齢区分で虐待群が有意に高かった.歯種別に解析した結果,乳歯では上顎左側乳中切歯と上顎右側乳犬歯,永久歯では第一大臼歯と第二大臼歯において,虐待群が有意にう歯保有者率が高かったが,虐待群の歯種別う蝕罹患状況として明確な特徴と判断できるものはなく,一般にう蝕が発生しやすい部位において虐待群ではさらに高い割合でう蝕を有し,永久歯萠出直後早い段階で罹患していると考えられた.一人平均う歯数のパーセンタイル値では,いずれの年齢区分においても虐待群の25%は対照群と同様にう歯を有していなかった一方で,虐待群の一部の者のう歯数が非常に多く,虐待群の全体的なう蝕歯数の数値を引き上げていると推察された.(著者抄録)

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/default/link?pub_year=2023&ichushi_jid=J02489&link_issn=&doc_id=20230403180002&doc_link_id=10.14958%2Fjjsdh.44.10&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.14958%2Fjjsdh.44.10&type=J-STAGE&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00007_3.gif

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

<title>Abstract</title><sec>
<title>Background</title>
Systemic and local factors may lead to disruption of craniofacial growth and development, causing an imbalance between the orofacial skeleton, muscle and soft tissue, dental occlusion, and the dental arch during growth periods. We aimed to reveal whether the prevalence of incompetent lip seal (ILS) varies with age and region, as well as to clarify the factors related to an ILS, in a national, large-scale epidemiological study.


</sec><sec>
<title>Methods</title>
We surveyed 3399 children, from 3 to 12 years of age, visiting 66 pediatric dental clinics throughout Japan. For this survey, we employed a questionnaire consisting of 44 questions regarding daily health conditions and lifestyle habits. We evaluated the differences in ILS prevalence by age and region (using a Cochran-Armitage test for trend and a Kruskal-Wallis test), and the relationship between ILS and factors investigated in the questionnaire (using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient).


</sec><sec>
<title>Results</title>
We observed that 30.7% of Japanese children exhibited an ILS and that the ILS rate increased with age (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001). There were no regional differences in the rate of ILS in Japanese children (<italic>p</italic> = 0.506). We revealed that 12 of 44 survey items exhibited a statistically significant correlation with ILS (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001), using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. These items involved orofacial morphology, mouth breathing, and possibly, allergic rhinitis.


</sec><sec>
<title>Conclusion</title>
The rate of ILS seems to increase with age in children, throughout Japan. Therefore, this disorder may not self-correct during the growth periods in these children. Guidelines are required for pediatric dentists to recognize ILS among children aged 3–12 years.


</sec>

DOI： 10.1186/s12199-021-00933-5

PubMed

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その他リンク： http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12199-021-00933-5/fulltext.html

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(NPO)日本咀嚼学会  

咀嚼行動改善に対する啓発活動は多々行われているが、具体的な数値をもって咀嚼行動の改善を図る試みはほとんど行われていない。そこで、咀嚼回数計を使って自身の咀嚼行動を認識し、その問題点や改善点を考え、自発的な咀嚼習慣の行動変容を目指す「かむを測り、気づき、変えるための食育プロジェクト」を考案した。本研究の目的は、給食を用いて本プロジェクトを行い、発育期の児童に与える咀嚼行動変容効果を検討することである。対象は、新潟県内の1ヶ所の小学校5年生19名(男子7名、女子12名)とした。まず咀嚼回数計(シャープ社製bite-scan)を使用して3日間の給食時の咀嚼行動(咀嚼回数、一口あたりの咀嚼回数、食事時間、咀嚼テンポ、姿勢、動作の大きさ)を計測した。その後、咀嚼に関する授業を行うとともに最初の3日間の結果を配布して児童に自分の咀嚼行動の特徴について検討させた。さらに、各自が改善したい目標を掲げ次の5日間において咀嚼回数計を用いた介入を行った。最後に、3日間の給食を用いて再評価を行った。その結果、多くの児童たちは自身の咀嚼行動の長所と短所の両方に気づくことができた。また、介入後には咀嚼回数、食事時間、一口あたりの咀嚼回数、および咀嚼テンポは有意に増加し、姿勢、動作の大きさは有意に改善した。以上より、児童自身で立案した目標に向かって咀嚼行動変容を促した結果、効果的な行動変容を得ることができた。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Wiley  

DOI： 10.1002/cre2.490

PubMed

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その他リンク： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/cre2.490

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語  

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Wiley  

BACKGROUND: Understanding the refinement of self-feeding skills is useful for the assessment of oral functional development in children. OBJECTIVES: To determine normative data on lip closing during food intake in the development of independent spoon-feeding in normal children, we tested the hypothesis that lip-closing pressure and spoon operation differ depending on food type. METHODS: Fifteen normal children (eight boys, seven girls; mean age: 6.5 years) were asked to eat test foods (2, 3 and 5 g of yogurt and cream cheese) freely with a spoon. Lip-closing pressures and kinematic data on spoon operation were recorded simultaneously with a strain gauge transducer embedded in the spoon and Vicon motion analysis, respectively. RESULTS: In the most common lip-pressure pattern, only positive pressure was generated. In the second most common pattern, negative pressure occurred first, followed by positive pressure; this pattern was seen infrequently. Positive pressure (P < .001), pressure duration (P < .001) and spoon intra-oral time (P < .05) during intake of cream cheese (an adhesive food) were significantly greater than those during intake of yogurt (a non-adhesive food). Pressure onset occurred at the beginning of the spoon withdrawal period or at the turning point from spoon insertion to withdrawal, depending on the food. CONCLUSIONS: Lip-closing force and spoon operation varied depending on food type in preschool and early elementary school children. Our findings suggest the need to consider the importance of food diversity and to pay attention to the spoon withdrawal period when assessing the development and maturation of lip function.

DOI： 10.1111/joor.13155

PubMed

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その他リンク： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/joor.13155

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Lip closing is an important motor act in food acquisition. Appropriate food capture in anticipatory and early oral stages of feeding is essential for mastication and swallowing. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of food type and quantity on lip closing pressure during food capture with a spoon, and to identify normal lip function during food acquisition in healthy young adults. Twenty young healthy males (age range: 22-30 years) participated in this study. They were asked to eat the test food freely with a spoon. Test foods were yogurt and cream cheese, which were given in quantities of 3, 5 and 10 g in weight; 3 ml water was included as a reference. A strain gauge transducer was embedded in the spoon in advance, and lip closing pressures during food capture were measured and recorded. The Vicon motion analysis system was used to collect three-dimensional kinematic data of spoon operation. Positive pressure with lip closing during capture of adhesive food, such as cream cheese, significantly increased (P < 0.001). Moreover, positive pressure significantly decreased when food quantity increased (P < 0.01), irrespective of food type. Negative pressure that preceded positive pressure appeared more frequently during cream cheese intake and increased when food quantity on the spoon increased (P < 0.001). These findings indicated that participants sucked or squeezed the spoon further during capture of adhesive food. Maximum mouth opening occurred predominantly during the spoon insertion period, while mouth closing occurred predominantly during the spoon withdrawal period. After mouth closing, all subsequent lip pressure events appeared in the withdrawal period. Our results may be useful for comprehending normal lip function during food acquisition in healthy young adults. They may also aid in the diagnosis and management of abnormal lip function in oral hypofunction and dysfunction, which can be examined in future studies.

DOI： 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112743

PubMed

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1111/1348-0421.12647

PubMed

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本衛生学会  

日本全国の7〜9歳児4496名を対象に、第一大臼歯と切歯に限局して発生するエナメル質形成不全(MIH)の有病率と全国8地域の差異を調査した。対象児の地域は妊娠時の母親の居住地とした。ロジスティック回帰分析を使用して、MIH有病率が年齢群、性別、地域間で異なるか否か評価した。その結果、日本全体のMIH有病率は19.8%であった。MIH有病率は、北海道地区が14.0%、東北地区が11.7%、関東信越地区が18.5%、東海北陸地区が19.3%、近畿地区が22.3%、中国地区が19.8%、四国地区が28.1%、九州地区が25.3%であり、この地域差は統計的に有意であった。また、MIH有病率は年齢とともに低下し、性別による差異は観察されなかった。以上から、MIHの有病率には地域差があり、北東部よりも南西部で頻度が高いことが判明した。

DOI： 10.1186/s12199-018-0748-6

PubMed

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本口蓋裂学会  

健常乳児の口蓋には吸啜窩が存在し、吸啜時に乳首を固定して哺乳を円滑にする役割を果たしている。口蓋裂児の哺乳機能を補うために口蓋床を装着する治療が行われるが、我々は口蓋裂児の口蓋形態を可能な限り健常児に近づけることで吸啜運動が活発になり効果的な吸啜が出来るようになるのではないかと仮説を立て、口蓋床に吸啜窩を付与するという改良を試みた。本研究の目的は口唇口蓋裂児の哺乳が円滑になることを目指し、従来の口蓋床(従来型)に吸啜窩を付与する(改良型)ことが吸啜時の舌運動に与える影響を検証することである。対象は口唇口蓋裂以外に吸啜力に影響を及ぼす病態のない口唇口蓋裂児8例で、口蓋裂児6例、口唇顎裂児2例であった。従来型と吸啜窩を付与した改良型で哺乳瓶哺乳を行い、超音波診断装置を用いて吸啜時の舌運動をB-modeで撮影した。解析にはDITECT社製、動画解析プログラム(DippMotionPro)を使用した。画像の舌表面に8ヶ所の計測点を設けて経時的に追尾させ、連続で得られた10吸啜波形について、各点の変位量と吸啜周期を計測し、吸啜窩付与前後で比較した。舌の総変位量は吸啜窩付与前・後で平均23.4±0.9mmから24.7±2.3mmへ増加した。吸啜窩付与により吸啜周期は0.78±0.04sから0.82±0.02sへ延長し、吸啜周期は安定した。改良型口蓋床で舌の変位量が増加したことから、口蓋床に吸啜窩を付与することは哺乳効率の向上に寄与する可能性が示唆された。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Sweet taste thresholds are positively related to plasma leptin levels in normal weight humans: both show parallel diurnal variations and associations with postprandial glucose and insulin rises. Here, we tested whether this relationship also exists in overweight and obese (OW/Ob) individuals with hyperleptinemia. We tested 36 Japanese OW/Ob subjects (body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m²) for recognition thresholds for various taste stimuli at seven different time points from 8:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. using the staircase methodology, and measured plasma leptin, insulin, and blood glucose levels before each taste threshold measurement. We also used the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) to evaluate insulin resistance. The results demonstrated that, unlike normal weight subjects, OW/Ob subjects showed no significant diurnal variations in the recognition thresholds for sweet stimuli but exhibited negative associations between the diurnal variations of both leptin and sweet recognition thresholds and the HOMA-IR scores. These findings suggest that in OW/Ob subjects, the basal leptin levels (~20 ng/mL) may already exceed leptin's effective concentration for the modulation of sweet sensitivity and that this leptin resistance-based attenuation of the diurnal variations of the sweet taste recognition thresholds may also be indirectly linked to insulin resistance in OW/Ob subjects.

DOI： 10.3390/nu10030297

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.09.007

Web of Science

PubMed

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：新潟歯学会  

咬合平面は、小児期、成人期および老年期を通して、口腔管理における重要な要素の一つである。成人の欠損補綴を行う際、顔貌より咬合平面を決定するための基準は数多く報告されている。しかしながら、小児においては明確な基準がなく、成人の基準を応用し決定することが多い。そこで本研究では、三次元画像撮影装置を用いて顔貌より小児における咬合平面の評価システムを開発することを目的とした。対象は乳臼歯部にう蝕および治療既往のない小学1年生11名(男児6名、女児5名)とした。成人で頻用される咬合平面板を小児用にサイズを縮小・改変した咬合平面板を座位の姿勢で軽く咬合させ、超高速三次元表面形態撮影装置(以下3dMD)にて顔貌を撮影した。3dMD解析ソフト上で鼻下点および両側耳下点を顎外における仮想咬合平面とし、口腔内に挿入した咬合平面板上の3点をプロットし、これら3点より作られる平面を咬合平面とした。その結果、仮想咬合平面を構成する3点における再現性の検定を行ったところ、個人間変動および個人内変動ともに変動が大きかった。また、2つの平面間の角度は、前頭面では男児-2.146度、女児-2.055度で性差を認めず、矢状面においては、男児4.206度、女児で1.168度であり有意差を認めた。以上より、小児の顎顔面の表面形態より得られた仮想咬合平面から咬合平面を推定することが可能であると考えられた。(著者抄録)

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本小児歯科学会  

2015年度に某小児医療センター歯科診療室を受診した患者を対象に歯科治療の実態調査を行い、初診時年齢、調査時年齢、障害の種類、受診状況、受診時の歯科診療内容等について調査を行い以下の結果を得た。1.2015年度に来院した患者数(実人数)は449名、うち男性271人、女性178人であった。2.初診時年齢0〜24歳のうち、1歳が30.0%と最も多く、0〜5歳で全体の78.2%を占めていた。調査時年齢は、0〜59歳の範囲に分布し、平均年齢が16.4±8.3歳であった。3.継続受診期間は、5年以内が23.8%と最も多く、次いで10〜15年20.9%、5〜10年19.8%であった。4.患者の障害およびその原因疾患は、脳性麻痺が28.1%と最も多く、次いで広汎性発達障害が20.9%、精神発達遅滞が10.9%、ダウン症候群9.8%、その他神経系疾患9.6%、てんかん8.0%等であった。5.調査した全患者の初診時から最新受診時までにおける総受診回数は17,033回、調査対象とした処置の総回数は20,934回、うち予防填塞が33.7%と最も多く、次いで歯石除去が29.8%、修復処置が23.7%であった。6.障害によって処置内容の割合に有意差を認めたが、いずれの障害においても予防填塞、歯石除去、歯冠修復が上位3位を占めていた。7.処置内容によって、処置を受けた年齢に有意差を認めた。(著者抄録)

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2017&ichushi_jid=J00647&link_issn=&doc_id=20171201260004&doc_link_id=%2Fdu8shoni%2F2017%2F005504%2F004%2F0442-0450%26dl%3D0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdu8shoni%2F2017%2F005504%2F004%2F0442-0450%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER  

Studies of mechanisms of feeding behavior are important in a society where aging- and disease-related feeding disorders are increasingly prevalent. It is important to evaluate the clinical relevance of animal models of the disease and the control. Our present study quantifies macaque hyolingual and jaw kinematics around swallowing cycles to determine the extent to which macaque swallowing resembles that of humans. One female and one male adult Macaca mulatta were trained to feed in a primate chair. Videofluoroscopy was used to record kinematics in a sagittal view during natural feeding on solid food, and the kinematics of the hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage, mandibular jaw, and anterior-, middle-, and posterior-tongue. Jaw gape cycles were defined by consecutive maximum gapes, and the kinematics of the swallow cycles were compared with those of the two consecutive non-swallow cycles preceding and succeeding the swallow cycles. Although there are size differences between macaques and humans, and macaques have shorter durations of jaw gape cycles and hyoid and thyroid upward movements, there are several important similarities between our macaque data and human data reported in the literature: (1) The durations of jaw gape cycles during swallow cycles are longer than those of non-swallow cycles as a result of an increased duration of the jaw-opening phase; (2) Hyoid and thyroid upward movement is linked with a posterior tongue movement and is faster during swallow than non-swallow cycles; (3) Tongue elevation propagates from anterior to posterior during swallow and non-swallow cycles. These findings suggest that macaques can be a useful experimental model for human swallowing studies.

DOI： 10.1007/s00455-017-9812-4

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.15761/DOCR.1000242

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.15761/DOCR.1000237

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.15761/DOCR.1000232

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本摂食嚥下リハビリテーション学会  

介護保険施設において、口腔ケアおよび摂食指導を必要としている要介護高齢者は少なくない。今後、研修歯科医が食事の場面に立ち会い、摂食指導をすることが重要であるが、その機会はまだ少ないと考えられる。新潟大学では、特別養護老人ホームを週に1回訪問し、口腔ケアや摂食指導を行っているが、その際に研修歯科医が2〜3名ずつ同行して、実際の口腔ケアや摂食指導を研修している。今後、よりよい研修プログラムを提供するため、研修歯科医の介護保険施設における口腔ケアおよび摂食指導の経験の有無や、本プログラムを研修した感想等に関するアンケート調査を実施した。対象は、2009〜2013年度に、口腔ケアおよび摂食指導の研修を行った本学研修歯科医144名とし、口腔ケアおよび摂食指導に対する知識・経験の有無について調査した。その結果、80.4%が口腔ケアの知識があると回答していたが、実際に口腔ケアあるいは摂食指導を経験したことがある者は少なかった(口腔ケア56.6%、摂食指導18.2%)。また、大半が、口腔ケアおよび摂食指導が勉強になったと回答していた。口腔ケアあるいは摂食指導に対する歯科専門スタッフの介入価値があると思うと回答した者は、口腔ケアでは82.5%、摂食指導では78.3%と高い割合を示した。要介護高齢者の数は増加の一途をたどっており、今後、口腔ケアおよび摂食指導において歯科医師が果たす役割は、ますます大きくなっていくと思われる。患者家族やコメディカルに摂食指導をする立場にある歯科医師の臨床研修に、介護保険施設等における口腔ケアおよび摂食指導を導入することは重要であるといえる。(著者抄録)

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2016&ichushi_jid=J03152&link_issn=&doc_id=20170524040003&doc_link_id=%2Fcb5dvsph%2F2016%2F002002%2F003%2F0080-0085%26dl%3D0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fcb5dvsph%2F2016%2F002002%2F003%2F0080-0085%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

We compared onset latency, motor-response patterns, and the effect of electrical stimulation of the cortical masticatory area between peripherally and cortically evoked swallows by electrical stimulation in anesthetized rats. The number of swallows and the motor patterns were determined using electromyographic recordings from the thyrohyoid, digastric, and masseter muscles. The onset latency of the first swallow evoked by electrical stimulation of the cortical swallowing area (Cx) was significantly longer than that evoked by stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN). The duration of thyrohyoid burst activity associated with SLN-evoked swallows was significantly longer than that associated with either Cx-evoked or spontaneous swallows. Combining Cx with SLN stimulation increased the number of swallows at low levels of SLN stimulation. Finally, A-area (the orofacial motor cortex) stimulation inhibited Cx-evoked swallows significantly more than it inhibited SLN-evoked swallows. These findings suggest that peripherally and cortically evoked swallows have different response properties and are affected differently by the mastication network. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.02.015

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記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.19070/2377-8075-1600043

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

This study aimed to investigate how the activity of the masseter (Mas) and suprahyoid (Hyoid) muscles is influenced by the physical properties of food, how changes in the rheological properties of food differ between different foods during the process of food reduction, and how different salivary flow rates affect bolus-making capability during masticatory behavior in healthy humans. Ten healthy adults participated in this study. Electro-myographic (EMG) recordings were obtained from the Mas and Hyoid muscles, and 15 g of steamed rice and rice cake was prepared as test foods. In the ingestion test, the subjects were asked to eat each food in their usual manner. The chewing duration, number of chewing cycles before the first swallow, Mas and Hyoid EMG activity, and chewing cycle time were compared between the foods. Total chewing duration was divided into three substages: early, middle, and late; chewing cycle time and EMG activity per chewing cycle of each substage were compared between the foods and among the substages. In the spitting test, the rheological properties of the bolus at the end of each substage were compared between the foods and among the substages. Finally, stimulated salivary flow rates were measured and the relationships between salivary flow rate and chewing duration, EMG activity, and changes in physical food characteristics were investigated. There were significant differences in total chewing duration and the number of chewing cycles, but not in chewing cycle time, between the foods, which had similar hardness values. The EMG activity levels of the Mas and Hyoid per chewing cycle for the rice cake were significantly greater than for the steamed rice throughout the recording periods. While Mas activity did not change among the substages during chewing, Hyoid EMG activity decreased as chewing progressed. Chewing cycle time also gradually decreased as chewing progressed. The hardness of both foods initially increased, then gradually decreased back to baseline. The adhesiveness of the rice cake initially increased, and did not fall throughout the recording period; the adhesiveness of the steamed rice did not significantly change. Cohesiveness barely changed in either of the two foods during chewing, but was significantly greater for the rice cake than for the steamed rice. Finally, a correlation between the stimulated salivary flow rate and chewing performance was evident only in a change in Mas EMG activity. The current results demonstrate that the activities of the Mas and Hyoid muscles changed as chewing progressed, and were affected by hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness. Salivary flow rate may affect the changes in Mas activity during the process of bolus formation. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.10.004

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

We investigated (1) how peripheral inputs might assist central inputs in the control of voluntary evoked swallowing, (2) inter-individual variation in involuntary and voluntary swallowing initiation, and (3) whether natural chewing behavior affects the initiation of involuntary swallowing in healthy humans. Eleven participants completed a repetitive saliva swallowing test (RSST), chewing test (CHEW), and rest period,(REST). In RSST, participants repetitively swallowed as quickly as possible. In CHEW, subjects chewed gum freely. We delivered pharyngeal electrical stimulation (PEStim) to the laryngopharynx and compared the number of swallows that occurred with and without PEStim. PEStim significantly increased the number of voluntary evoked swallows in RSST, as well as the number of swallows in CHEW and REST trials, although this facilitatory effect was larger in REST trials. We found a positive correlation between the number of swallows at RSST without PEStim and that at REST with PEStim within individuals. Additionally, we found a significant positive correlation between the number of swallows at RSST with PEStim and the sum of that at RSST without PEStim and at REST with PES. Based on the current results, we suggest that (1) peripheral inputs within a certain range appear to facilitate the central inputs that control voluntary swallowing, (2) inter-individual variations in swallowing initiation may arise from differences in the excitability of the common neural network in the lower brainstem, and (3) during chewing, food reduction in the oral cavity is prioritized, such that the neural network associated with chewing may regulate swallowing initiation. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.08.003

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

The aim of the present study was to investigate the adaptation of the swallowing reflex in terms of reduced swallowing reflex initiation following continuous superior laryngeal nerve stimulation. Forty-four male Sprague Dawley rats were anesthetized with urethane. To identify swallowing, electromyographic activity of the left mylohyoid and thyrohyoid muscles was recorded. To evoke the swallowing response, the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN), recurrent laryngeal nerve, or cortical swallowing area was electrically stimulated. Repetitive swallowing evoked by continuous SLN stimulation was gradually reduced, and this reduction was dependent on the resting time duration between stimulations. Prior SLN stimulation also suppressed subsequent swallowing initiation. The reduction in evoked swallows induced by recurrent laryngeal nerve or cortical swallowing area stimulation was less than that following superior laryngeal nerve stimulation. Decerebration had no effect on the reduction in evoked swallows. Prior subthreshold stimulation reduced subsequent initiation of swallowing, suggesting that there was no relationship between swallowing movement evoked by prior stimulation and the subsequent reduction in swallowing initiation. Overall, these data suggest that reduced sensory afferent nerve firing and/or trans-synaptic responses, as well as part of the brainstem central pattern generator, are involved in adaptation of the swallowing reflex following continuous stimulation of swallow-inducing peripheral nerves and cortical areas. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.12.008

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本摂食嚥下リハビリテーション学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本顎口腔機能学会  

味覚刺激が嚥下運動にどのような変化を与えるかについて調べることを目的として、異なる濃度の塩味またはうま味溶液を口腔内に微量注入した時の随意性嚥下運動を記録した。健常成人29名を対象として、出来るだけ早く繰り返し嚥下するよう指示し、その際に咽頭または口腔への溶液刺激(0.2mL/min)を与えた。咽頭への溶液刺激は蒸留水または0.3 M NaCl溶液とし、口腔への溶液刺激は蒸留水または3種類のNaイオン濃度(6mM、40mM、240mM)のうま味溶液(モル濃度比2対1のグルタミン酸ナトリウムとイノシン酸ナトリウム混合溶液)、うま味溶液と同濃度のNaイオンを含むNaCl溶液とした。測定開始後4から9回目までの各嚥下間の平均時間を嚥下間隔時間として各条件間で比較した。NaCl溶液、蒸留水いずれの咽頭刺激においても嚥下間隔時間の顕著な個人差が認められた。NaCl溶液刺激時の嚥下間隔時間は蒸留水よりも有意に長く、咽頭の水受容器による嚥下反射誘発促進効果、NaCl溶液による水受容器応答の抑制が確認された。さらにNaCl溶液刺激時の嚥下間隔時間が長い被験者ほど蒸留水刺激による随意性嚥下の促進効果が高かった。一方、口腔への溶液刺激では、うま味溶液刺激時のみ蒸留水に対して有意な短縮を認めた。随意性嚥下能力の高い順から上位群、中位群、下位群ごとに嚥下間隔時間の変化を調べたところ、上位群、下位群では各溶液の濃度の違いによる有意な差は認められなかったのに対して、中位群のみ溶液濃度が高くなるに従って嚥下間隔時間の短縮を認めた。以上の結果は、中位群におけるうま味成分がもつ随意性嚥下への促進効果を示唆するものである。随意性嚥下誘発能力の個人差をもとに、末梢入力に対する嚥下運動誘発の時間間隔を比較したところ、咽頭刺激時とは異なっていたことから、口腔への味覚刺激がもつ嚥下中枢への効果は単なる加重効果として捉えられず、その効果の作用機序の理解に向けてはさらなる議論が必要である。(著者抄録)

DOI： 10.7144/sgf.20.106

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2014&ichushi_jid=J02994&link_issn=&doc_id=20140630270002&doc_link_id=%2Fex2gakuk%2F2014%2F002002%2F002%2F0106-0114%26dl%3D0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fex2gakuk%2F2014%2F002002%2F002%2F0106-0114%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Objectives Behavioural performance of tablet swallowing was evaluated with different tablet conditions in terms of size, number and surface coating. Methods Four different types of tablets were prepared: small or large, and with or without a surface coating. Fourteen normal male adults were instructed to swallow the prepared tablets with 15 ml of water. The number of tablets in one trial was changed from one to three. To evaluate swallowing and tablet transport, electromyographic activity was recorded in the left suprahyoid muscles, and videofluorographic images were examined. Key findings All tablet conditions (size, number and surface coating) affected the swallowing performance in terms of total number of swallows, electromyographic burst patterns and location of remaining tablets. Increases in the size and number of tablets increased the number of swallows and electromyographic burst area and duration. In addition, all of these parameters increased while swallowing tablets without a coating compared with tablets with a coating. Location of the remaining tablets was mainly within the mouth. Conclusions This study only clarified the normal pattern of tablet swallowing under several conditions in healthy subjects, but the results may facilitate comprehensive evaluation and treatment planning in terms of administering medication to dysphagic patients. © 2013 Royal Pharmaceutical Society.

DOI： 10.1111/jphp.12155

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

ObjectivesBehavioural performance of tablet swallowing was evaluated with different tablet conditions in terms of size, number and surface coating.
MethodsFour different types of tablets were prepared: small or large, and with or without a surface coating. Fourteen normal male adults were instructed to swallow the prepared tablets with 15ml of water. The number of tablets in one trial was changed from one to three. To evaluate swallowing and tablet transport, electromyographic activity was recorded in the left suprahyoid muscles, and videofluorographic images were examined.
Key findingsAll tablet conditions (size, number and surface coating) affected the swallowing performance in terms of total number of swallows, electromyographic burst patterns and location of remaining tablets. Increases in the size and number of tablets increased the number of swallows and electromyographic burst area and duration. In addition, all of these parameters increased while swallowing tablets without a coating compared with tablets with a coating. Location of the remaining tablets was mainly within the mouth.
ConclusionsThis study only clarified the normal pattern of tablet swallowing under several conditions in healthy subjects, but the results may facilitate comprehensive evaluation and treatment planning in terms of administering medication to dysphagic patients.

DOI： 10.1111/jphp.12155

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本摂食嚥下リハビリテーション学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本摂食嚥下リハビリテーション学会  

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER  

The aims of the present study were to determine whether the interval between swallows and the electromyographic (EMG) burst patterns of the suprahyoid muscles is affected by peripheral inputs during swallowing. Eighteen normal adults were asked to perform repetitive voluntary swallowing as quickly as possible, and three variables of swallowing were measured and evaluated, i.e., the swallowing intervals and the time interval between the onset and peak (rising time) and between the peak and offset (falling time) of the suprahyoid EMG burst. During recording, pharyngeal fluid infusion was applied with distilled water or 0.3 M NaCl solution at a very slow infusion rate (0.2 mL/min). The former and latter were used to activate and inhibit the excitation of water-sensitive receptors in the pharynx, respectively. The swallowing interval was significantly shorter during infusion of water than during infusion of NaCl solution. The rising time was also significantly shorter during infusion of water than during infusion of NaCl solution. There was a linear positive correlation between these values and facilitatory effects: the longer either the swallowing interval or rising time with infusion of 0.3 M NaCl solution, the stronger the facilitation of swallowing by the activation of water receptors. Facilitatory effects on the swallowing interval and rising time showed a linear correlation. It is suggested that weak liquid stimulation changed sensory inputs into the swallowing center and synchronously modulated the swallowing interval and time interval between the onset and peak of the EMG burst.

DOI： 10.1007/s00221-013-3641-y

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：日本大学歯学部  

We evaluated the effects of gel consistency and bolus volume on ingestion in humans. Eight healthy men were asked to ingest liquids, and sample foods of different gel consistencies and volumes, as usual. Tongue pressure against the hard palate was recorded at five points, and bolus flow was recorded using videoendoscopic images. The number of squeezes increased as gel consistency and volume increased. The integrated magnitude of tongue pressure during squeezing increased with increasing gel consistency. Bolus propulsion into the pharynx was affected by bolus characteristics, and location of the bolus head at the onset of pharyngeal swallowing was not related to squeezing behavior. The trigger point at which pharyngeal swallowing began was subject-dependent. During swallowing, the magnitude of tongue pressure moderately increased with increasing gel consistency, as compared with squeezing. Tongue pressure was not related to bolus volume. The current results suggest that patterns of tongue pressure during squeezing and swallowing are differentially affected by bolus conditions. However, healthy subjects differed in the techniques used for squeezing and swallowing. (J Oral Sci 55, 191-198, 2013)

DOI： 10.2334/josnusd.55.191

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2015016896

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

It has been reported that the jaw opening reflex (JOR) evoked by intra-oral innocuous stimulation was suppressed during a reflex swallow in anesthetized animals only. However, the mechanism of JOR inhibition during swallowing has not yet been elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of peripheral nerve stimulation on masticatory behaviors, as well as the modulation of low threshold afferent evoked JOR responses during chewing and swallowing in freely feeding animals. The JOR in the digastric muscle was evoked by low threshold electrical stimulation of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). Changes in the peak-to-peak amplitude of digastric electromyographic responses were compared among the phases of chewing and swallowing. IAN stimulation did not produce any differences in cycle duration, gape of the jaw in one cycle, or swallowing interval, suggesting a minimal effect on feeding behaviors. The JOR amplitude during the fast-closing, slow-closing, and slow-opening phases of chewing was significantly smaller than that of the control (recorded when the animal was at rest) and fast-opening phase. During swallowing, the JOR amplitude was significantly less than the control. Inhibition of the JOR during swallowing is assumed to prevent unnecessary opposing jaw opening motion. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.12.047

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The present study was designed to evaluate how typical Japanese staple foods - rice and rice cake - with different physical properties influence the patterns of muscle activity during chewing. Six normal adults were asked to eat rice and rice cake freely in a natural manner. Surface electromyographic recordings of the masseter and suprahyoid muscles were performed. There were large differences between the foods in terms of masticatory duration. The masseter activity per cycle was significantly greater for rice cake than for rice. The masseter activity gradually decreased as chewing progressed, although the suprahyoid activity did not change throughout the sequence of rice cake chewing. The results suggest that the process of bolus formation with rice cake is very different from that with rice in terms of jaw-closing and jaw-opening muscle activities. Practical Applications: This study aimed to examine how the masticatory sequence adapts to variations in the initial properties of foods. This research may enhance our understanding of the oral physiology of bolus formation and changes in the physical properties of foods during chewing. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1745-4603.2012.00364.x

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本摂食嚥下リハビリテーション学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

To clarify the functional role of cortical descending inputs involved in the swallowing reflex, the effect of electrical stimulation of two cortical masticatory areas (CMAs: A- and P-area) on rhythmic jaw movements (RJMs) and superior laryngeal nerve (SLN)-evoked swallows were studied. RJMs and swallowing reflex were elicited by repetitive electrical stimulation of CMAs and the SLN, respectively. The electromyographic activities of jaw-closer (masseter), jaw-opener (digastric), and laryngeal-elevator (thyrohyoid) muscles were recorded to identify the RJMs and swallowing reflex. The number of evoked swallows was significantly lower, and swallowing interval was significantly longer during A-area stimulation compared with those without stimulation. Conversely, these parameters were not significantly altered during P-area stimulation. The inhibition of swallows by A-area stimulation was not affected by an increase in sensory input by wooden stick application between upper and lower teeth, or A-area stimulation preceding SLN stimulation. The present findings suggest that the swallowing reflex is inhibited by activation of the A-area, but not the P-area. Since no changes in swallows were seen after the increase in intraoral sensory input and prior activation of masticatory central pattern generator (CPG), swallowing inhibition may be mediated by direct inputs from the A-area or inputs via the masticatory CPG into the swallowing CPG. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.09.005

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER  

The swallowing reflex is centrally programmed by the lower brain stem, the so-called swallowing central pattern generator (CPG), and once the reflex is initiated, many muscles in the oral, pharyngeal, laryngeal, and esophageal regions are systematically activated. The mylohyoid (MH) muscle has been considered to be a "leading muscle" according to previous studies, but the functional role of the digastric (DIG) muscle in the swallowing reflex remains unclear. In the present study, therefore, the activities of single units of MH and DIG neurons were recorded extracellularly, and the functional involvement of these neurons in the swallowing reflex was investigated. The experiments were carried out on eight adult male Japanese white rabbits anesthetized with urethane. To identify DIG and MH neurons, the peripheral nerve (either DIG or MH) was stimulated to evoke action potentials of single motoneurons. Motoneurons were identified as such if they either (1) responded to antidromic nerve stimulation of DIG or MH in an all-or-none manner at threshold intensities and (2) followed stimulation frequencies of up to 0.5 kHz. As a result, all 11 MH neurons recorded were synchronously activated during the swallowing reflex, while there was no activity in any of the 7 DIG neurons recorded during the swallowing reflex. All neurons were anatomically localized ventromedially at the level of the caudal portion of the trigeminal motor nucleus, and there were no differences between the MH and DIG neuron sites. The present results strongly suggest that at least in the rabbit, DIG motoneurons are not tightly controlled by the swallowing CPG and, hence, the DIG muscle is less involved in the swallowing reflex.

DOI： 10.1007/s00455-011-9363-z

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PubMed

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The present study tested whether electrical stimulation increases the number of voluntary repetitive swallows in humans. In addition, the potential of initiating both voluntary and involuntary swallows was compared using electrical stimulation. Fourteen normal male adults were instructed to perform repetitive voluntary swallowing as quickly as possible over 30. s, and the number of swallows was counted with and without repetitive electrical stimulation (80% of maximal tolerated intensity
0.1. ms in pulse duration
30. Hz) of the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, or laryngopharynx. Although the number of swallows was significantly increased during electrical stimulation of the laryngopharynx, oropharynx, and nasopharynx, there was a wide variation in the number among subjects. The number of reflexively evoked swallows (i.e., involuntary swallows) by pharyngeal stimulation also varied greatly, and there was a significant linear correlation in the number of swallows between voluntary and involuntary swallows. The present study demonstrated the facilitatory effects of pharyngeal electrical stimulation on voluntary swallowing in humans. Furthermore, the potentials of initiation of voluntary swallows are identical to those of involuntary swallows, which suggests that the swallowing central pattern generator is a common component of both neuronal networks and therefore is responsible for inter-individual variations. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.

DOI： 10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.02.007

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

The present study tested whether electrical stimulation increases the number of voluntary repetitive swallows in humans. In addition, the potential of initiating both voluntary and involuntary swallows was compared using electrical stimulation. Fourteen normal male adults were instructed to perform repetitive voluntary swallowing as quickly as possible over 30 s, and the number of swallows was counted with and without repetitive electrical stimulation (80% of maximal tolerated intensity; 0.1 ms in pulse duration; 30 Hz) of the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, or laryngopharynx. Although the number of swallows was significantly increased during electrical stimulation of the laryngopharynx, oropharynx, and nasopharynx, there was a wide variation in the number among subjects. The number of reflexively evoked swallows (i.e., involuntary swallows) by pharyngeal stimulation also varied greatly, and there was a significant linear correlation in the number of swallows between voluntary and involuntary swallows. The present study demonstrated the facilitatory effects of pharyngeal electrical stimulation on voluntary swallowing in humans. Furthermore, the potentials of initiation of voluntary swallows are identical to those of involuntary swallows, which suggests that the swallowing central pattern generator is a common component of both neuronal networks and therefore is responsible for inter-individual variations. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.02.007

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PubMed

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本味と匂学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC  

Background and Objective:
We recently showed that adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived cytokine, may function as a negative regulator of the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway and of osteoclast formation in periodontal disease. In this study, we investigated whether the expression levels of adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) are related to the presence of periodontitis.
Material and Methods:
We initially examined, using RT-PCR, the expression of the AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 genes at the mRNA level in several oral tissues of C57BL mice. Next, we investigated (using real-time PCR assays) whether inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, could affect the expression levels of these genes in human gingival fibroblasts. Lastly, we compared the expression levels of these receptor proteins in gingival tissues between two healthy subjects and five patients with severe periodontal disease using western blotting analysis.
Results:
The AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 receptors were ubiquitously expressed in the oral tissues of mice. We observed that treatment with tumor necrosis factor-alpha could significantly reduce the expression levels of both AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 genes in human gingival fibroblasts. Moreover, we found that the expression of both receptors was lower in periodontal tissues from patients with severe periodontitis than in patients with healthy periodontal tissues.
Conclusion:
These observations suggest that adiponectin may not function efficiently in sites of periodontal disease because of a decrease in the number of its receptors, and this probable dysfunction may play a role in worsening periodontitis in patients.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2009.01222.x

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本小児歯科学会  

Dens evaginatus (DE) is a developmental malformation characterized by the presence of an extra cusp or tubercle. Dens invaginatus (DI) is also a dental anomaly found in tooth where the outer surface folds inward. Although each configuration was a rare developmental dental anomaly, the concurrence of DE and DI in a single tooth is an extremely rare. Those anomaly teeth are clinically significant due to the susceptible to dental caries or the possibility of the pulpal disease such as pulpitis and necrosis pulps without clinical history. Therefore, it is important to prevent further worse complications through the early diagnosis and intervention. Here we report that a clinical case of DE and DI concurrently affecting the mandibular central incisor in a 6-year-old Japanese girl, along with a pertinent review of the literature.

DOI： 10.1016/S0917-2394(09)70166-1

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本小児歯科学会  

Although the occurrence of natal/neonatal teeth is a rare condition, we consider important clinical problems confronting pedodontists treating cleft lip and palate (CLP) infants. In daily clinical practice of the Pediatric Dental Clinic of Kyushu University Hospital, a high frequency of natal/neonatal teeth in CLP infants was observed. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of these anomalies in 55 CLP infants, who registered at the Hospital for 1 year 9 months from December of 2006 to August of 2008. As for distributing of the type of CLP among 55 infants, 39, 10 and 6 infants were unilateral, bilateral CLP and isolated CP, respectively. The prevalence of natal/neonatal teeth found in this study was 9.1% (5/55) in 55 CLP infants. Of these, 30% (3/10) were observed in bilateral CLP and 5.1% (2/39) were unilateral CLP. No natal/neonatal teeth were found in isolated CP infants. Further, all the cases were found in the maxilla except for one case. Thus, natal/neonatal teeth appeared at high frequency in CLP infants.

DOI： 10.1016/S0917-2394(09)70152-1

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：AMER DIABETES ASSOC  

OBJECTIVE-It has recently been proposed that the peripheral taste organ is one of the targets for leptin. In lean mice, leptin selectively suppresses gustatory neural and behavioral responses to sweet compounds without affecting responses to other taste stimuli, whereas obese diabetic db/db mice with defects in leptin receptor lack this leptin suppression on sweet taste. Here, we further examined potential links between leptin and sweet taste in humans.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-A total of 91 nonobese subjects were used to determine recognition thresholds using a standard stair-case methodology for various taste stimuli. Plasma leptin levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at several timepoints during the day under normal and restricted-meal conditions.
RESULTS-The recognition thresholds for sweet compounds exhibited a diurnal variation from 0800 to 2200 h that parallels variation for leptin levels, with the lowest thresholds in the morning and the highest thresholds at night. This diurnal variation is sweet-taste selective-it was not observed in thresholds for other taste stimuli (NaCl, citric acid, quinine, and monosodium glutamate). The diurnal variation for sweet thresholds in the normal feeding condition (three meals) was independent of meal timing and thereby blood glucose levels. Furthermore, when leptin levels were phase-shifted following imposition of one or two meals per day, the diurnal variation of thresholds for sweet taste shifted in parallel.
CONCLUSIONS-This synchronization of diurnal variation in leptin levels and sweet taste recognition thresholds suggests a mechanistic connection between these two variables in humans.

DOI： 10.2337/db07-1103

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

Gymnema sylvestre (gymnema) contains gurmarin that selectively inhibits responses to sweet substances in rodents. The present study investigated possible interaction between gurmarin and the submandibular saliva in rats fed diet containing gymnema. Electrophoretic analyses demonstrated that relative amounts of two proteins in the saliva clearly increased in rats fed the gymnema diet. However, rats previously given section of the bilateral glossopharyngeal nerve showed no such salivary protein induction. Analyses of amino acid sequence indicate that two proteins are rat kallikrein 2 (rK2) and rat kallikrein 9 (rK9). rK2 and rK9, a family of serine proteases, have a striking resemblance of cleavage site in the protein substrates. Interestingly, gurmarin possesses comparable residues with those rK2 and rK9 prefer. The kallikreins significantly inhibited immunoreaction between gurmarin and antigurmarin antiserum. These results suggest that rK2 and rK9 increased by chemosensory information for the gymnema diet via the glossopharyngeal nerve might cleave gurmarin or at least cause specific binding with it. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.05.154

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本味と匂学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本味と匂学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本小児歯科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本小児歯科学会  

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J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：新潟歯学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：新潟歯学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：新潟歯学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本小児歯科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(NPO)日本咀嚼学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（全国大会，その他学術会議）   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本小児歯科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（全国大会，その他学術会議）   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本小児歯科学会  

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（全国大会，その他学術会議）   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本障害者歯科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（全国大会，その他学術会議）   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本小児歯科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：会議報告等   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本小児歯科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：記事・総説・解説・論説等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本小児歯科学会  

小児歯科臨床において、乳歯および幼若永久歯の外傷を主訴として来院する患者の割合が近年増加しているという報告がある。歯の外傷については、日本小児歯科学会発足当初から頻繁に研究課題としてとりあげられ、これまでに小児歯科学会雑誌に掲載された学会発表抄録は270編、総説・論文等は57編である。国外では、2012年にThe International Association of Dental Traumatology(IADT)が三編からなる診療ガイドラインを作成し、刊行誌であるDental Traumatologyに掲載した。これを受け2013年に、American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry(AAPD)は、その刊行誌であるPediatric DentistryにIADTの診療ガイドラインをAAPDの歯の診療ガイドラインとしてそのまま掲載した。そこで本稿では、日本小児歯科学会における歯の外傷に関するこれまでの報告等について集成し、診療ガイドライン作成の背景や意義を踏まえて検討するとともに、今後の方向性について考察を行った。(著者抄録)

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2017&ichushi_jid=J00647&link_issn=&doc_id=20170707200001&doc_link_id=10.11411%2Fjspd.55.3_331&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.11411%2Fjspd.55.3_331&type=J-STAGE&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00007_2.gif

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)ヒョーロン・パブリッシャーズ  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：会議報告等   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本小児歯科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：会議報告等   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本小児歯科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：会議報告等   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本小児歯科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：会議報告等   出版者・発行元：新潟歯学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：会議報告等   出版者・発行元：新潟歯学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：会議報告等   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本障害者歯科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本顎口腔機能学会  

DOI： 10.7144/sgf.21.144

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2015356211

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：会議報告等   出版者・発行元：新潟歯学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：会議報告等   出版者・発行元：日本顎口腔機能学会  

DOI： 10.7144/sgf.20.46

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：会議報告等   出版者・発行元：(一社)歯科基礎医学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：会議報告等   出版者・発行元：日本歯科衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：会議報告等   出版者・発行元：日本顎口腔機能学会  

DOI： 10.7144/sgf.19.158

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：会議報告等   出版者・発行元：(一社)歯科基礎医学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：会議報告等   出版者・発行元：日本歯科衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：会議報告等   出版者・発行元：日本顎口腔機能学会  

DOI： 10.7144/sgf.18.184

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2012280247

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：新潟歯学会  

症例は26歳女性で食べ物が喉に詰まる感じがして飲み込みづらいことを主訴とした。2008年頃より眩暈を自覚するようになったが、2010年頃より増悪し、2011年7月に新潟大学医歯学総合病院脳神経外科にて左前下小脳動脈動脈瘤と診断された。7月28日、全身麻酔下で手術(左前下小脳動脈離断術、脳動脈瘤摘出術)を施行された後より食塊の咽頭通過不全を主訴とする嚥下障害が出現したため、8月9日に摂食・嚥下機能評価およびリハビリテーションを目的として同院摂食・嚥下機能回復部を受診した。初診時、舌は左側へのわずかな偏位を認め、さらに左側口唇および頬には明らかな運動障害を認めた。また、発声時の軟口蓋挙上は可能であったが、左側の挙上が不良で、開鼻声を認め、発声持続時間は6秒であった。嚥下内視鏡検査時に左側披裂および声門の運動不良が観察され、声門閉鎖は不完全であったことから、左側顔面神経麻痺、迷走神経、舌咽神経、軽度の舌下神経障害を伴う嚥下障害と診断して、間接訓練および食事時の嚥下方法として、顎引き嚥下および回旋嚥下を指導した。訓練開始後8日目の再評価時、すべての機能に改善を認め、術後24日目に経過良好で自宅退院となった。一般的に前下小脳動脈動脈瘤術後の予後は良好とされるが、初診時に認められた脳神経系の運動不全に関する診断に基づいた患者教育や食事指導、間接訓練の提供などによって、良好な予後に貢献できたと考えられた。(著者抄録)

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/default/link?pub_year=2011&ichushi_jid=J00999&link_issn=&doc_id=20120124390006&doc_link_id=%2Fdj2ngtdt%2F2011%2F004102%2F006%2F0107-0110%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdj2ngtdt%2F2011%2F004102%2F006%2F0107-0110%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：会議報告等   出版者・発行元：(一社)歯科基礎医学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：会議報告等   出版者・発行元：(一社)歯科基礎医学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：会議報告等   出版者・発行元：(一社)歯科基礎医学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：会議報告等   出版者・発行元：日本歯科衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：記事・総説・解説・論説等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本小児歯科学会  

レプチンは脂肪細胞から分泌される飽食因子であり，主に視床下部に存在するレプチン受容体（ObR）を介して摂食抑制やエネルギー消費亢進に関与し，最終的に体重減少を誘導する肥満抑制ホルモンとして知られている。著者らはこれまでにマウスとヒトを用いた研究から，この肥満抑制ホルモン・レプチンが末梢の甘味受容細胞に作用して，甘味感受性を抑制することを明らかにしてきた。また，甘味受容体は味細胞のみならず腸管や膵臓にも発現していることも明らかになってきている。これらのことから，レプチンは，食欲中枢のみならず，末梢の味覚器（腸管・膵臓）にも作用し甘味感受性を調節することにより，体内エネルギーバランスの維持に寄与している可能性が示唆された。本稿では，レプチンによる味覚感受性の調節システムについてこれまでの著者らの研究を中心に，肥満・糖尿病との関連について考察する。

DOI： 10.11411/jspd.48.4_505

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：記事・総説・解説・論説等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：(NPO)日本咀嚼学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：会議報告等   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本小児歯科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：会議報告等   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本小児歯科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：会議報告等   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本小児歯科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：会議報告等   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本小児歯科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：会議報告等   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本小児歯科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：会議報告等   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本障害者歯科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：会議報告等   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本小児歯科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：会議報告等   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本小児歯科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：会議報告等   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本小児歯科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：会議報告等   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本小児歯科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：会議報告等   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本小児歯科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：会議報告等   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本小児歯科学会  

DOI： 10.11411/jspd1963.46.2_141

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：会議報告等   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本小児歯科学会  

DOI： 10.11411/jspd1963.46.2_150

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：会議報告等   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本小児歯科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：会議報告等   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本小児歯科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：記事・総説・解説・論説等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：日本味と匂学会  

DOI： 10.18965/tasteandsmell.13.2_125

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本生理学会  

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