2024/10/07 更新

写真a

ナガシマ ヒロシ
長島 寛
NAGASHIMA Hiroshi
所属
教育研究院 医歯学系 医学系列 准教授
医歯学総合研究科 生体機能調節医学専攻 機能再建医学 准教授
職名
准教授
外部リンク

学位

  • 博士(理学) ( 2005年3月   神戸大学 )

研究キーワード

  • 形態学

  • Embryology

  • 進化発生学

  • 実験発生学

研究分野

  • ライフサイエンス / 解剖学

経歴(researchmap)

  • 新潟大学大学院   医歯学総合研究科 肉眼解剖学分野   准教授

    2015年1月 - 現在

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  • 新潟大学大学院   医歯学総合研究科, 肉眼解剖学分野   助教

    2011年4月 - 2014年12月

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  • 独立行政法人 理化学研究所, 発生・再生科学総合研究センター   形態進化研究グループ   研究員

    2006年4月 - 2011年3月

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  • 独立行政法人 理化学研究所, 発生・再生科学総合研究センター   形態進化研究グループ   テクニカルスタッフ

    2005年4月 - 2006年3月

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経歴

  • 新潟大学   医歯学総合研究科 生体機能調節医学専攻 機能再建医学   准教授

    2015年1月 - 現在

  • 新潟大学   医学部 医学科   助教

    2011年4月 - 2014年12月

  • 新潟大学   医歯学総合研究科 生体機能調節医学専攻 機能再建医学   助教

    2011年4月 - 2014年12月

所属学協会

 

論文

  • Chondrocranial variation in chicken domestication

    Daniel Núñez‐León, Hiroshi Nagashima, Marcelo R. Sánchez‐Villagra

    Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution   338 ( 8 )   505 - 515   2022年10月

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:Wiley  

    Abstract

    The chondrocranium is a key structure of the skull, but our knowledge of its embryonic development is based mostly on investigations of few stages across taxa. Variation of chondrocranial features is known across species, but little is known about intraspecific variation, or its evolution in the context of domestication. Here, we investigated two specific structures of the chondrocranium in three windows of embryonic development. The anatomy of one of these structures was also compared among adult skulls of chickens and their wild ancestor (red junglefowl [RJF]). The proccesus tectalis and the prenasal process, along with the surrounding area of the orbitonasal foramina, presented variation throughout the ontogeny and in the adults. The processus tectalis showed distinct variation from the earliest stage studied to the adult. The numbers of orbitonasal foramina were also found to be variable in the ancestor and breeds studied. Furthermore, during early embryonic development, the prenasal process is similar across breeds and RJF, but later in embryonic development this structure presents variable states. The embryonic and adult variation found herein could be an example of intraspecific variation under domestication, resulting from different types of tissue interrelationship during development.

    DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23177

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    その他リンク: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/jez.b.23177

  • Skeletal variation in bird domestication: limb proportions and sternum in chicken, with comparisons to mallard ducks and Muscovy ducks

    Carlos Manuel Herrera-Castillo, Madeleine Geiger, Daniel Núñez-León, Hiroshi Nagashima, Sabine Gebhardt-Henrich, Michael Toscano, Marcelo R. Sanchez-Villagra

    PeerJ   10   e13229 - e13229   2022年4月

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:PeerJ  

    Background

    Domestication, including selective breeding, can lead to morphological changes of biomechanical relevance. In birds, limb proportions and sternum characteristics are of great importance and have been studied in the past for their relation with flight, terrestrial locomotion and animal welfare. In this work we studied the effects of domestication and breed formation in limb proportions and sternum characteristics in chicken (Gallus gallus), mallard ducks (Anas plathyrhynchos) and Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata).

    Methods

    First, we quantified the proportional length of three long bones of the forelimb (humerus, radius, and carpometacarpus) and the hind limb (femur, tibiotarsus, and tarsometatarsus) in domestic chickens, mallard ducks, and Muscovy ducks and their wild counterparts. For this, we took linear measurements of these bones and compared their proportions in the wildvs.the domestic group in each species. In chicken, these comparisons could also be conducted among different breeds. We then evaluated the proportional differences in the context of static and ontogenetic allometry. Further, we compared discrete sternum characteristics in red jungle fowl and chicken breeds. In total, we examined limb bones of 287 specimens and keel bones of 63 specimens.

    Results

    We found a lack of significant change in the proportions of limb bones of chicken and Muscovy duck due to domestication, but significant differences in the case of mallard ducks. Variation of evolvability, allometric scaling, and heterochrony may serve to describe some of the patterns of change we report. Flight capacity loss in mallard ducks resulting from domestication may have a relation with the difference in limb proportions. The lack of variation in proportions that could distinguish domestic from wild forms of chicken and Muscovy ducks may reflect no selection for flight capacity during the domestication process in these groups. In chicken, some of the differences identified in the traits discussed are breed-dependent. The study of the sternum revealed that the condition of crooked keel was not unique to domestic chicken, that some sternal characteristics were more frequent in certain chicken breeds than in others, and that overall there were no keel characteristics that are unique for certain chicken breeds. Despite some similar morphological changes identified across species, this study highlights the lack of universal patterns in domestication and breed formation.

    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13229

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    その他リンク: https://peerj.com/articles/13229.xml

  • Development of fin‐innervating motor neurons after peripheral target removal in medaka fish

    Akina Chiba, Kenichi Soma, Keisuke Watanabe, Hiroshi Nagashima, Noboru Sato

    Developmental Neurobiology   81 ( 2 )   110 - 122   2020年12月

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:Wiley  

    Abstract

    Peripheral targets regulate the development and survival of the nerve centers that serve them, because the elimination of the target normally results in massive death of the developing neurons that innervate it. This widely accepted theory appears to be well supported by developing limbs and their innervation in tetrapods, but it is unclear whether this concept applies to primitive vertebrates that have paired appendages. In this study, we examined the development of spinal motor neurons following pectoral fin bud removal (FBR) in medaka fish. After FBR, motor axons initially extended to the plexus region in a morphologically normal pattern. During the period of fin innervation, motor axons in the FBR‐medaka failed to form the normal brachial plexus and elongated ventrally toward the abdominal region. In the ventral horn that would normally innervate the pectoral fin, however, neurons did not undergo cell death following FBR. There were no differences in the numbers of axons in the ventral roots between the FBR and control sides. Motor neuron markers, RALDH2 and FOXP1, that are expressed in limb‐innervating motor neurons in the lateral motor column in tetrapods, were also expressed in the ventral horns of both the control and FBR sides in medaka fish. These results suggest that, although both tetrapod and medaka motor neurons share the same molecular characteristics for innervating paired appendages, the fates of neurons differ following the removal of their peripheral target. Therefore, the relationship between the peripheral target and its nerve center may be altered among vertebrates.

    DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22799

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    その他リンク: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/dneu.22799

  • Novel concept for the epaxial/hypaxial boundary based on neuronal development 査読 国際誌

    Hiroshi Nagashima, Daisuke Koga, Satoshi Kusumi, Katsuki Mukaigasa, Hiroyuki Yaginuma, Tatsuo Ushiki, Noboru Sato

    Journal of Anatomy   237 ( 3 )   427 - 438   2020年8月

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    担当区分:筆頭著者, 責任著者   記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:Wiley  

    Trunk muscles in vertebrates are classified as either dorsal epaxial or ventral hypaxial muscles. Epaxial and hypaxial muscles are defined as muscles innervated by the dorsal and ventral rami of spinal nerves, respectively. Each cluster of spinal motor neurons passing through dorsal rami innervates epaxial muscles, whereas clusters traveling on the ventral rami innervate hypaxial muscles. Herein, we show that some motor neurons exhibiting molecular profiles for epaxial muscles follow a path in the ventral rami. Dorsal deep-shoulder muscles and some body wall muscles are defined as hypaxial due to innervation via the ventral rami, but a part of these ventral rami has the molecular profile of motor neurons that innervate epaxial muscles. Thus, the epaxial and hypaxial boundary cannot be determined simply by the ramification pattern of spinal nerves. We propose that, although muscle innervation occurs via the ventral rami, dorsal deep-shoulder muscles and some body wall muscles represent an intermediate group that lies between epaxial and hypaxial muscles.

    DOI: 10.1111/joa.13219

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    その他リンク: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/joa.13219

  • Morphological diversity of integumentary traits in fowl domestication: Insights from disparity analysis and embryonic development

    Daniel Núñez‐León, Gabriel Aguirre‐Fernández, Andrea Steiner, Hiroshi Nagashima, Per Jensen, Esther Stoeckli, Richard A. Schneider, Marcelo R. Sánchez‐Villagra

    Developmental Dynamics   248 ( 11 )   1044 - 1058   2019年9月

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:Wiley  

    Abstract

    The domestication of the fowl resulted in a large diversity of integumental structures in chicken breeds. Several integumental traits have been investigated from a developmental genetics perspective. However, their distribution among breeds and their developmental morphology remain unexplored. We constructed a discrete trait‐breed matrix and conducted a disparity analysis to investigate the variation of these structures in chicken breeds; 20 integumental traits of 72 chicken breeds and the red junglefowl were assessed. The analyses resulted in slight groupings of breed types comparable to standard breed classification based on artificial selection and chicken type use. The red junglefowl groups together with bantams and European breeds. We provide new data on the red junglefowl and four chicken breeds, demonstrating where and when variation arises during embryonic development. We document variation in developmental timing of the egg tooth and feather formation, as well as other kinds of developmental patterning as in the anlagen of different type of combs. Changes in epithelial‐mesenchymal signaling interactions may drive the highly diverse integument in chickens. Experimental and comparative work has revealed that the cranial neural crest mesenchyme mediates its interactions with the overlying epithelium and is the likely source of patterning that generates diversity in integumental structures.

    DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.105

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    その他リンク: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/dvdy.105

  • Development of the chondrocranium in the domesticated fowl (Gallus gallus f. domestica), with a study on the variation of the of hypoglossal foramina. 査読

    Evelyn Hüppi, Daniel Núñez-León, Hiroshi Nagashima, Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra

    Vertebrate Zoology   69   299 - 310   2019年

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

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  • Developmental origin of the clavicle, and its implications for the evolution of the neck and the paired appendages in vertebrates 査読

    Hiroshi Nagashima, Fumiaki Sugahara, Keisuke Watanabe, Masahiro Shibata, Akina Chiba, Noboru Sato

    JOURNAL OF ANATOMY   229 ( 4 )   536 - 548   2016年10月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:WILEY  

    In fish, the pectoral appendage is adjacent to the head, but during vertebrate evolution a long neck region emerged via caudal relocation of the pectoral appendage. The pectoral appendage is comprised of endochondral portions, such as the humerus and the scapula, and a dermal portion, such as the clavicle, that contributes to the shoulder girdle. In the search for clues to the mechanism of the caudal relocation of the pectoral appendage, the cell lineage of the rostral lateral plate mesoderm was analyzed in chickens. It was found that, despite the long neck region in chickens, the origin of the clavicle attached to the head mesoderm ranged between 1 and 14 somite levels. Because the pectoral limb bud and the endochondral pectoral appendage developed on 15-20 and 15-24 somite levels, respectively, the clavicle-forming region corresponds to the embryonic neck, which suggests that the relocation would have been executed by the expansion of the source of the clavicle. The rostral portion of the clavicle-forming region overlaps the source of the cucullaris muscle, embraces the pharyngeal arches caudally, and can be experimentally replaced with the head mesoderm to form the cucullaris muscle, which implies that the mesodermal portion could have been the head mesodermand that the clavicle would have developed at the head/trunk boundary. The link between the head mesoderm and the presumptive clavicle appears to have been the developmental constraint needed to create the evolutionarily conserved musculoskeletal connectivities characterizing the gnathostome neck. In this sense, the dermal girdle of the ganathostomes would represent the wall of the branchial chamber into which the endochondral pectoral appendage appears to have attached since its appearance in evolution.

    DOI: 10.1111/joa.12502

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  • On the homology of the shoulder girdle in turtles. 査読

    Nagashima, H, Sugahara, F, Takechi, M, Sato, N, Kuratani, S

    J. Exp. Zool. B Mol. Dev. Evol.   324 ( 3 )   244 - 254   2015年5月

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    担当区分:筆頭著者, 責任著者   記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

    The shoulder girdle in turtles is encapsulated in the shell and has a triradiate morphology. Due to its unique configuration among amniotes, many theories have been proposed about the skeletal identities of the projections for the past two centuries. Although the dorsal ramus represents the scapular blade, the ventral two rami remain uncertain. In particular, the ventrorostral process has been compared to a clavicle, an acromion, and a procoracoid based on its morphology, its connectivity to the rest of the skeleton and to muscles, as well as with its ossification center, cell lineage, and gene expression. In making these comparisons, the shoulder girdle skeleton of anurans has often been used as a reference. This review traces the history of the debate on the homology of the shoulder girdle in turtles. And based on the integrative aspects of developmental biology, comparative morphology, and paleontology, we suggest acromion and procoracoid identities for the two ventral processes.

    DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22584

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  • On the Homology of the Shoulder Girdle in Turtles 査読

    Hiroshi Nagashima, Fumiaki Sugahara, Masaki Takechi, Noboru Sato, Shigeru Kuratani

    JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION   324 ( 3 )   244 - 254   2015年5月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:WILEY-BLACKWELL  

    The shoulder girdle in turtles is encapsulated in the shell and has a triradiate morphology. Due to its unique configuration among amniotes, many theories have been proposed about the skeletal identities of the projections for the past two centuries. Although the dorsal ramus represents the scapular blade, the ventral two rami remain uncertain. In particular, the ventrorostral process has been compared to a clavicle, an acromion, and a procoracoid based on its morphology, its connectivity to the rest of the skeleton and to muscles, as well as with its ossification center, cell lineage, and gene expression. In making these comparisons, the shoulder girdle skeleton of anurans has often been used as a reference. This review traces the history of the debate on the homology of the shoulder girdle in turtles. And based on the integrative aspects of developmental biology, comparative morphology, and paleontology, we suggest acromion and procoracoid identities for the two ventral processes. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 324B: 244-254, 2015. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

    DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22584

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  • Comparative study of the shell development of hard- and soft-shelled turtles 査読

    Hiroshi Nagashima, Masahiro Shibata, Mari Taniguchi, Shintaro Ueno, Naoki Kamezaki, Noboru Sato

    JOURNAL OF ANATOMY   225 ( 1 )   60 - 70   2014年7月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:WILEY-BLACKWELL  

    The turtle shell provides a fascinating model for the investigation of the evolutionary modifications of developmental mechanisms. Different conclusions have been put forth for its development, and it is suggested that one of the causes of the disagreement could be the differences in the species of the turtles used - the differences between hard-shelled turtles and soft-shelled turtles. To elucidate the cause of the difference, we compared the turtle shell development in the two groups of turtle. In the dorsal shell development, these two turtle groups shared the gene expression profile that is required for formation, and shared similar spatial organization of the anatomical elements during development. Thus, both turtles formed the dorsal shell through a folding of the lateral body wall, and the Wnt signaling pathway appears to have been involved in the development. The ventral portion of the shell, on the other hand, contains massive dermal bones. Although expression of HNK-1 epitope has suggested that the trunk neural crest contributed to the dermal bones in the hard-shelled turtles, it was not expressed in the initial anlage of the skeletons in either of the types of turtle. Hence, no evidence was found that would support a neural crest origin.

    DOI: 10.1111/joa.12189

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  • Origin of the unique morphology of the shoulder girdle in turtles 査読

    Hiroshi Nagashima, Tatsuya Hirasawa, Fumiaki Sugahara, Masaki Takechi, Ryo Usuda, Noboru Sato, Shigeru Kuratani

    JOURNAL OF ANATOMY   223 ( 6 )   547 - 556   2013年12月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:WILEY-BLACKWELL  

    The shoulder girdle of turtles has a triradiate morphology. Although its dorsal process represents the scapular blade, the skeletal identities of the two ventral processes remain uncertain. To elucidate the question, developmental patterns of the girdles were compared between Chinese soft-shelled turtles, chickens, and mice. Despite the morphological diversity of adults, the initial primordia of the shoulder girdles showed similar morphological patterns. The ventral two processes developed from the anlagen comparable to those of the acromion and the coracoid in other amniotes. The developmental pattern of the acromion is very similar among embryos, whereas that of the coracoid in mammals differs from that in non-mammals, implying that coracoids are not homologous between non-mammals and mammals. Therefore, amniotes have retained the ancestral pattern of the girdle anlage, and the shoulder girdle of turtles has been achieved through a transformation of the pattern in the late ontogenic period.

    DOI: 10.1111/joa.12116

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  • The turtle evolution: A conundrum in vertebrate evo-devo 招待 査読

    Naoki Irie, Hiroshi Nagashima, Shigeru Kuratani

    New Principles in Developmental Processes   303 - 314   2013年11月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:論文集(書籍)内論文   出版者・発行元:Springer Japan  

    Because of their unique morphology, turtles have raised profound questions as to their evolutionary origin. In striking contrast to the body plan of other tetrapods, the shoulder girdle of turtles sits inside the rib cage, which comprises the dorsal shell, or carapace. By this topological change of the skeletal elements, the carapace has been regarded as an example of evolutionary novelty that violates the ancestral body plan of tetrapods. In this chapter, we first overview the phylogenetic positioning of turtles, and then review how turtles evolved their unique body plan. In brief, three points have been clarified by recent studies. (1) Turtles have birds/crocodilians (or archosaurians) affinity of evolutionary origin. (2) During embryogenesis, the turtle also establishes the vertebrate basic body plan, as in other vertebrates, followed by the late developmental stages of generating turtle-specific structures, such as folding of the lateral body wall to make the apparent inside-out topology of shoulder girdle against ribs. (3) One of the causal factors of folding appears to be the concentric growth of carapacial margin, which involves an ancestral gene expression cascade in a new location. These reports allow us to hypothesize the stepwise, not necessarily saltatory, evolution of turtles, consistent with the recent finding of a transitional fossil animal, Odontochelys, that did not have the carapace but already possessed the plastron.

    DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-54634-4_23

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  • The endoskeletal origin of the turtle carapace 査読

    Tatsuya Hirasawa, Hiroshi Nagashima, Shigeru Kuratani

    NATURE COMMUNICATIONS   4   2107   2013年7月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP  

    The turtle body plan, with its solid shell, deviates radically from those of other tetrapods. The dorsal part of the turtle shell, or the carapace, consists mainly of costal and neural bony plates, which are continuous with the underlying thoracic ribs and vertebrae, respectively. Because of their superficial position, the evolutionary origins of these costo-neural elements have long remained elusive. Here we show, through comparative morphological and embryological analyses, that the major part of the carapace is derived purely from endoskeletal ribs. We examine turtle embryos and find that the costal and neural plates develop not within the dermis, but within deeper connective tissue where the rib and intercostal muscle anlagen develop. We also examine the fossils of an outgroup of turtles to confirm that the structure equivalent to the turtle carapace developed independently of the true osteoderm. Our results highlight the hitherto unravelled evolutionary course of the turtle shell.

    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3107

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  • Origin of the turtle body plan: The folding theory to illustrate turtle-specific developmental repatterning 招待 査読

    Hiroshi Nagashima, Shigehiro Kuraku, Katsuhisa Uchida, Yoshie Kawashima-Ohya, Yuichi Narita, Shigeru Kuratani

    Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology   ( 9789400743083 )   37 - 50   2013年

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:論文集(書籍)内論文   出版者・発行元:Springer  

    The turtle shell is comprised of a dorsal carapace and a ventral plastron, and is an autapomorphy of this group. The carapace consists of the vertebral column and ribs as well as a specialized dermis. The formation of the shell is accompanied by a change in the spatial relationship of the ribs and the pectoral girdle. Because of this rearrangement, the turtle shell has been regarded as an example of an evolutionary novelty. Understanding the changes behind this developmental repatterning will help us elucidate the evolutionary history of turtles. The change has been attributed to a deflected pattern of development of the ribs, which in normal tetrapods grow ventrally into the lateral body wall. In turtles, they grow laterally toward the primordium of the carapacial margin, called the carapacial ridge (CR), while remaining in the axial part of the embryonic body. Based on a similarity in histological configuration, the CR has been thought to possess inductive activity for rib growth, as seen in the apical ectodermal ridge of the amniote limb bud. The CR does not function as a guidance cue for rib progenitor cells but rather functions in the marginal growth of the carapacial primordium, resulting in fanned-out growth of the ribs. This peripheral and concentric expansion of the axial domain makes the lateral body wall fold inward, while the ribs cover the pectoral girdle. The turtle ribs develop along the muscle plate as in other amniotes, and do not take a different trajectory from that in other amniotes, unlike the scenario hypothesized previously. This folding enables turtles to change the apparent spatial relationships between the ribs and the pectoral girdle without altering their topological alignment and body plan as amniotes. This developmental sequence of the modern turtles aligns with a stepwise evolutionary process in the group, which is supported by the anatomy of a recently discovered fossil species, Odontochelys.

    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-4309-0_4

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  • Body plan of turtles: an anatomical, developmental and evolutionary perspective. 査読

    Hiroshi Nagashima, Shigehiro Kuraku, Katsuhisa Uchida, Yoshie Kawashima-Ohya, Yuichi Narita, Shigeru Kuratani

    Anatomical science international   87 ( 1 )   1 - 13   2012年3月

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    記述言語:英語  

    The evolution of the turtle shell has long been one of the central debates in comparative anatomy. The turtle shell consists of dorsal and ventral parts: the carapace and plastron, respectively. The basic structure of the carapace comprises vertebrae and ribs. The pectoral girdle of turtles sits inside the carapace or the rib cage, in striking contrast to the body plan of other tetrapods. Due to this topological change in the arrangement of skeletal elements, the carapace has been regarded as an example of evolutionary novelty that violates the ancestral body plan of tetrapods. Comparing the spatial relationships of anatomical structures in the embryos of turtles and other amniotes, we have shown that the topology of the musculoskeletal system is largely conserved even in turtles. The positional changes seen in the ribs and pectoral girdle can be ascribed to turtle-specific folding of the lateral body wall in the late developmental stages. Whereas the ribs of other amniotes grow from the axial domain to the lateral body wall, turtle ribs remain arrested axially. Marginal growth of the axial domain in turtle embryos brings the morphologically short ribs in to cover the scapula dorsocaudally. This concentric growth appears to be induced by the margin of the carapace, which involves an ancestral gene expression cascade in a new location. These comparative developmental data allow us to hypothesize the gradual evolution of turtles, which is consistent with the recent finding of a transitional fossil animal, Odontochelys, which did not have the carapace but already possessed the plastron.

    DOI: 10.1007/s12565-011-0121-y

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  • Hepatocyte growth factor is crucial for development of the carapace in turtles 査読

    Yoshie Kawashima-Ohya, Yuichi Narita, Hiroshi Nagashima, Ryo Usuda, Shigeru Kuratani

    EVOLUTION & DEVELOPMENT   13 ( 3 )   260 - 268   2011年5月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:WILEY-BLACKWELL  

    P>Turtles are characterized by their shell, composed of a dorsal carapace and a ventral plastron. The carapace first appears as the turtle-specific carapacial ridge (CR) on the lateral aspect of the embryonic flank. Accompanying the acquisition of the shell, unlike in other amniotes, hypaxial muscles in turtle embryos appear as thin threads of fibrous tissue. To understand carapacial evolution from the perspective of muscle development, we compared the development of the muscle plate, the anlage of hypaxial muscles, between the Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis, and chicken embryos. We found that the ventrolateral lip (VLL) of the thoracic dermomyotome of P. sinensis delaminates early and produces sparse muscle plate in the lateral body wall. Expression patterns of the regulatory genes for myotome differentiation, such as Myf5, myogenin, Pax3, and Pax7 have been conserved among amniotes, including turtles. However, in P. sinensis embryos, the gene hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), encoding a regulatory factor for delamination of the dermomyotomal VLL, was uniquely expressed in sclerotome and the lateral body wall at the interlimb level. Implantation of COS-7 cells expressing a HGF antagonist into the turtle embryo inhibited CR formation. We conclude that the de novo expression of HGF in the turtle mesoderm would have played an innovative role resulting in the acquisition of the turtle-specific body plan.

    DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-142X.2011.00474.x

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  • Evolutionary developmental perspective for the origin of turtles: the folding theory for the shell based on the developmental nature of the carapacial ridge 査読

    Kuratani, Shigeru, Kuraku, Shigehiro, Nagashima, Hiroshi

    Evolution & Development   13 ( 1 )   1 - 14   2011年

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

    DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-142X.2010.00451.x

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  • Skeletal Development in the Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle Pelodiscus sinensis (Testudines: Trionychidae) 査読

    Marcelo R. Sanchez-Villagra, Hendrik Mueller, Christopher A. Sheil, Torsten M. Scheyer, Hiroshi Nagashima, Shigeru Kuratani

    JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY   270 ( 11 )   1381 - 1399   2009年11月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:WILEY-LISS  

    We investigated the development of the whole skeleton of the soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis, with particular emphasis on the pattern and sequence of ossification. Ossification starts at late Tokita-Kuratani stage (TK) 18 with the maxilla, followed by the dentary and prefrontal. The quadrate is the first endoskeletal ossification and appears at TK stage 22. All adult skull elements have started ossification by TK stage 25. Plastral bones are the first postcranial bones to ossify, whereas the nuchal is the first carapacial bone to ossify, appearing as two unstained anlagen. Extensive examination of ossification sequences among autopodial elements reveals much intraspecific variation. Patterns of ossification of cranial dermal elements are more variable than those of endochondral elements, and dermal elements ossify before endochondral ones. Differences in ossification sequences with Apalone spinifera include: in Pelodiscus sinensis the jugal develops relatively early and before the frontal, whereas it appears later in A. spinifera; the frontal appears shortly before the parietal in A. spinifera whereas in R sinensis the parietal appears several stages before the frontal. Chelydrids exhibit an early development of the postorbital bone and the palatal elements as compared to trionychids. Integration of the onset of ossification data into an analysis of the sequence of skeletal ossification in cryptodirans using the event-pairing and Parsimov methods reveals heterochronies, some of which reflect the hypothesized phylogeny considered taxa. A functional interpretation of heterochronies is speculative. In the chondrocranium there is no contact between the nasal capsules and planum supraseptale via the sphenethmoid commissurae. The pattern of chondrification of forelimb and hind limb elements is consistent with a primary axis and digital arch. There is no evidence of anterior condensations distal to the radius and tibia. A pattern of quasi- simultaneity is seen in the chondrogenesis of the forelimb and the hind limb. J. Morphol. 270:1381-1399, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

    DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10766

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  • Evolution of the Turtle Body Plan by the Folding and Creation of New Muscle Connections 査読

    Hiroshi Nagashima, Fumiaki Sugahara, Masaki Takechi, Rolf Ericsson, Yoshie Kawashima-Ohya, Yuichi Narita, Shigeru Kuratani

    SCIENCE   325 ( 5937 )   193 - 196   2009年7月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE  

    The turtle shell offers a fascinating case study of vertebrate evolution, based on the modification of a common body plan. The carapace is formed from ribs, which encapsulate the scapula; this stands in contrast to the typical amniote body plan and serves as a key to understanding turtle evolution. Comparative analyses of musculoskeletal development between the Chinese soft-shelled turtle and other amniotes revealed that initial turtle development conforms to the amniote pattern; however, during embryogenesis, lateral rib growth results in a shift of elements. In addition, some limb muscles establish new turtle-specific attachments associated with carapace formation. We propose that the evolutionary origin of the turtle body plan results from heterotopy based on folding and novel connectivities.

    DOI: 10.1126/science.1173826

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  • A developmental basis for innovative evolution of the turtle shell 招待 査読

    Shigeru Kuratani, Hiroshi Nagashima

    From Clone to Bone: The Synergy of Morphological and Molecular Tools in Palaeobiology   279 - 300   2009年1月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:論文集(書籍)内論文   出版者・発行元:Cambridge University Press  

    Introduction Turtles are characterized by the possession of shells. For acquisition of this structure, this animal group appears to have undergone various types of anatomical changes in their body plan, not only in their skeletal system, but also in the muscular, nervous and respiratory systems (Bojanus 1819
    Thomson 1932). These features often lead to confusion in determining homology, especially of amniote ribs, as well as in establishing the phylogenetic position of this animal group (Goodrich 1930
    Remane 1936). To understand the origins of the morphology of turtles, a number of embryologists and morphologists have studied their embryonic developmental patterns (e.g. Rathke 1848
    Agassiz 1857
    Mitsukuri and Ishikawa 1887
    Mitsukuri 1894, 1896
    Ogushi 1911, 1913
    Ruckes 1929
    Walker 1947
    Burke 1989, 1991
    Gilbert et al. 2001, 2008
    Nagashima et al. 2005, 2007
    2009
    Sánchez-Villagra et al. 2009
    Werneburg et al. 2009
    reviewed by Gilbert et al. 2008
    Kuratani et al. 2011). The phylogenetic position of turtles remains controversial, but considerable progress has been made. Although recent molecular phylogenetics and genomic analyses have placed this taxon close to or even within the archosaurians, including birds and crocodiles (Caspers et al. 1996
    Zardoya and Meyer 1998, 2001
    Hedges and Poling 1999
    Kumazawa and Nishida 1999
    Mannen and Li 1999
    Mindell et al. 1999
    Cao et al. 2000
    Iwabe et al. 2005
    Matsuda et al. 2005
    Kuraku et al. 2006
    Hugall et al. 2007
    Chapus and Edwards 2009), morphological analyses do not always agree with this conclusion (reviewed by Kuratani et al. 2011). However, some early embryologists supported an affinity to archosaurians (Haeckel 1891
    de Beer 1937
    see also Figure 1.1 in Asher and Müller, this volume).

    DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511760174.011

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  • On the carapacial ridge in turtle embryos: its developmental origin, function and the chelonian body plan. 査読 国際誌

    Hiroshi Nagashima, Shigehiro Kuraku, Katsuhisa Uchida, Yoshie Kawashima Ohya, Yuichi Narita, Shigeru Kuratani

    Development (Cambridge, England)   134 ( 12 )   2219 - 26   2007年6月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

    The chelonian carapace is composed of dorsolaterally expanded ribs; an evolutionary change in the rib-patterning program is assumed to be related to this novelty. Turtle embryos exhibit a longitudinal ridge called the carapacial ridge (CR) on the flank, and its histological resemblance to the apical ectodermal ridge of the limb bud implies its inductive activity in the unique patterning of the ribs. We studied the Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis, and confirmed by labeling with a lipophilic dye, DiI, that the CR contains the somite-derived dermis and that it is a unique structure among amniotes. Using electroporation of a dominant-negative form of LEF-1, the CR-specific gene, we showed that CR-specific genes function in the growth and maintenance of the CR. Microcauterization or implantation of the CR did not change the dorsoventral pattern of the ribs, and only their fan-shaped pattern was arrested by CR removal. We conclude that the CR is a true embryonic novelty among amniotes and, because of the specific expression of regulatory genes, it functions in the marginal growth of the carapacial primordium, thereby inducing the fan-shaped arrangement of the ribs.

    DOI: 10.1242/dev.002618

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  • Autopodial development in the sea turtles Chelonia mydas and Caretta caretta 査読

    Marcelo R. Sanchez-Villagra, Christian Mitgutsch, Hiroshi Nagashima, Shigeru Kuratani

    ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE   24 ( 3 )   257 - 263   2007年3月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:ZOOLOGICAL SOC JAPAN  

    The manus and pes were studied using whole-mount and histological preparations of ontogenetic series of Chelonia mydas and Caretta caretta. Patterns of connectivity and sequences of chondrification events are similar to those reported for other turtle species, with respect to both the primary axis and the digital arch. There is no evidence of anterior condensations in the region distal to the radius and the tibia, supporting the hypothesis that the radiale and tibiale are absent in turtles. The three middle metacarpals are the first elements to start ossification in the manus of C. mydas, while ossification has not started in the pes. In the hatchling of C. mydas, most carpals have started ossification, whereas tarsals are mostly still cartilaginous. In C. caretta, the first carpals to ossify are the ulnare and intermedium, followed by the pisiform. Among metatarsals, the fifth hooked metatarsal is the last one to start ossification. The fibulare and intermedium fuse early in chondrogenesis, later becoming the astragalocalcaneum. Ossification in the carpals of C. caretta starts while tarsals are still cartilaginous. The derived autopodial proportions in each autopodium of adults are laid out at the condensation stage, and features that were present in basal turtles are absent at all stages examined (developmental penetrance). In contrast to this, conservatism is expressed in the presence of similar patterns of connectivity during early chondrogenesis, and in the development of overall proportions of the manus versus pes. As in adult anatomy, the development of the autopodium of marine turtles is a mosaic of derived and plesiomorphic features.

    DOI: 10.2108/zsj.24.257

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  • Developmental background for the origin of turtles 査読

    Kuratani, Shigeru, Kuraku, Shigehiro, Nagashima, Hiroshi

    Journal of Morphology   268 ( 12 )   1096 - 1096   2007年

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

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  • Unique features of Myf-5 in turtles: nucleotide deletion, alternative splicing, and unusual expression pattern 査読

    Kawashima Ohya, Yoshie, Usuda, Ryo, Kuraku, Shigehiro, Nagashima, Hiroshi, Kuratani, Shigeru

    Evolution & Development   8 ( 5 )   415 - 423   2006年

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

    DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-142X.2006.00115.x

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  • Turtle-chicken chimera: an experimental approach to understanding evolutionary innovation in the turtle. 査読 国際誌

    Hiroshi Nagashima, Katsuhisa Uchida, Keiko Yamamoto, Shigehiro Kuraku, Ryo Usuda, Shigeru Kuratani

    Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists   232 ( 1 )   149 - 61   2005年1月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

    Turtles have a body plan unique among vertebrates in that their ribs have shifted topographically to a superficial layer of the body and the trunk muscles are greatly reduced. Identifying the developmental factors that cause this pattern would further our understanding of the evolutionary origin of the turtles. As the first step in addressing this question, we replaced newly developed epithelial somites of the chicken at the thoracic level with those of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis (P. sinensis somites into a chicken host) and observed the developmental patterning of the grafted somites in the chimera. The P. sinensis somites differentiated normally in the chicken embryonic environment into sclerotomes and dermomyotomes, and the myotomes differentiated further into the epaxial and hypaxial muscles with histological morphology similar to that of normal P. sinensis embryos and not to that of the chicken. Epaxial dermis also arose from the graft. Skeletal components, however, did not differentiate from the P. sinensis sclerotome, except for small fragments of cartilage associated with the host centrum and neural arches. We conclude that chicken and P. sinensis share the developmental programs necessary for the early differentiation of somites and that turtle-specific traits in muscle patterning arise mainly through a cell-autonomous developmental process in the somites per se. However, the mechanism for turtle-specific cartilage patterning, including that of the ribs, is not supported by the chicken embryonic environment.

    DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.20235

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  • Poly Aromatic hydrocarbon concentration and 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity in environment. 査読

    Nagashima H, Ono Y, Sekiguchi M

    Environmental Sciences   10   37 - 50   2003年

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    記述言語:英語  

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  • Evaluation of aquatic environment by polyaromatic hydrocarbon concentration and induction of EROD activity in HepG2 cells 査読

    H Nagashima, Y Ono, M Sekiguchi

    CHEMISTRY LETTERS   31 ( 10 )   1070 - 1071   2002年10月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:CHEMICAL SOC JAPAN  

    Environmental contamination by polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and dioxin-like compounds was evaluated by chemical analysis and biological tests. Though soils and road dust samples revealed more potent biological activities than incinerator ashes, the contribution of PAHs were low.

    DOI: 10.1246/cl.2002.1070

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  • 最終処分場浸出水へのバイオテストの適用とモニタリング評価. 査読

    毛利紫乃, 長島 寛, 宮原康明, 小野芳朗, 河原長美, 国本 学, 宗宮 功

    廃棄物学会論文誌   13 ( 5 )   289 - 297   2002年

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    記述言語:日本語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management  

    廃棄物最終処分場が周辺水環境に与える影響の評価を行うため, 本研究では3種のバイオアッセイ (遺伝子毒性試験, ヒト乳癌由来細胞 (MCF-7) 増殖活性試験, 培養細胞毒性試験) を用い, 6ヶ月間にわたって廃棄物処分場試料, 周辺環境水の毒性監視を行った。また, 遺伝子毒性試験<I>umu</I>試験について環境監視に適した試料前処理法と新たな毒性単位を検討, 提唱した。その結果, 各試料の遺伝子毒性に季節特異的な変動は見られず, 浸出水に検出された毒性は生物処理によって周辺環境水程度に低減していた。浸出水のMCF-7増殖活性の平均値は低く, 放流先河川への影響はほとんどないと考えられた。細胞毒性試験において濃縮試料も細胞の生存率を50%以上低下させる毒性を示さず, 濃縮試料で検出された細胞毒性も, その由来は浸透圧であると推測された。この処理後放流水の細胞毒性の最大値は放流先上流の約9倍であり, 放流先河川に全く影響を与えないためには, 10倍の希釈が必要であった。

    DOI: 10.3985/jswme.13.289

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  • ヒト由来培養細胞系を用いた簡易バイオアッセイの高感度化と湖水・河川水への適用 査読

    藤原朋広, 長島 寛, 杉浦則夫, 国本 学

    水環境学会誌   24   63 - 58   2001年

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

    DOI: 10.2965/jswe.24.58

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  • バイオアッセイによる排水試料の有害性評価に伴う問題点の解析. 査読

    長島 寛, 藤原朋広, 国本 学

    水環境学会誌   24 ( 2 )   110 - 114   2001年

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    記述言語:日本語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:Japan Society on Water Environment  

    To evaluate the toxicity existing in effluent water, three different bioassays, <i>in vitro</i> cytotoxicity tests using three human cell lines, bioluminescene inhibition test using luminescent bacteria and daphnia acute immobilization test, were applied to effluent water samples collected from solid-waste incineration plants. Results obtained from bioassays were compared with the results from chemical and physical analysis.<br>Toxicity observed with bioassays were not necessarily correlated with individual indices from chemical analysis, such as AOX (adsorbable organic halides), dioxins, heavy metal contents and pH. However, the toxicity to human cell lines and daphnia were well correlated with the osmolarity of the samples. Moreover the dose-response curves coincided well with those of standard osmolarity solutions made of sodium chloride or glucose, suggesting that the osmolarity plays a significant role in the toxic effects of these effluent water samples.<br>Therefore, for the application of bioassays to effluent water samples, especially in case of <i>in vitro</i> cytotoxicity tests and daphnia test, consideration of the osmolarity of the samples is essential for accurate assessment of their toxicity.

    DOI: 10.2965/jswe.24.110

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書籍等出版物

  • このは, 8巻, 52-53

    長島 寛( 範囲: カメの不思議な体)

    文一総合出版  2014年 

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  • 進化学事典

    長島 寛( 担当: 分担執筆 ,  範囲: 12.3 甲羅の発生とカメの起源)

    共立出版  2012年 

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  • 遺伝. 64巻2号, 35-40頁

    長島 寛, 倉谷 滋( 範囲: カメはどうやって甲羅を作ったのか?)

    エヌ•ティー•エス  2010年 

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  • 科学. 79巻11号, 1177-1180頁

    倉谷 滋, 長島 寛( 担当: 分担執筆 ,  範囲: カメの謎 甲羅はどのようにして獲得されたのか)

    岩波書店  2009年 

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MISC

受賞

  • Anatomical Society Journal of Anatomy Best Paper Prize 2020

    2021年5月  

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  • Journal of Anatomy Best Paper Prize 2016

    2017年5月   Anatomical Society  

    長島 寛

     詳細を見る

  • Journal of Anatomy Runner-Up Best Paper Prize 2013

    2014年5月   Anatomical Society, UK  

    長島 寛

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  • 奨励賞

    2011年3月   日本解剖学会  

    長島 寛

     詳細を見る

  • 理化学研究所 研究奨励賞

    2011年3月  

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  • 第147回学術集会 大会長賞

    2009年4月   日本獣医学会  

    長島 寛

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  • 平成14年大会優秀発表賞

    2002年3月   日本水環境学会  

    長島 寛

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共同研究・競争的資金等の研究

  • 哺乳類特異的構造、横隔膜を進化させた発生機構の解明

    研究課題/領域番号:21K06751

    2021年4月 - 2024年3月

    制度名:科学研究費助成事業

    研究種目:基盤研究(C)

    提供機関:日本学術振興会

    長島 寛

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    配分額:4290000円 ( 直接経費:3300000円 、 間接経費:990000円 )

    ヒトの呼吸は胸式呼吸と腹式呼吸がある。肺自体には筋がないから、肺を容れるカゴである胸郭の容積を変えて、間接的に肺を膨らませたり縮ませたりしている。呼気は主に膨らんだ胸郭や肺が元に戻る復元力である弾性収縮力によって行われるが、吸気は胸郭の容積を拡大して行われる。胸式呼吸では肋骨を引き上げて胸郭を広げ、腹式呼吸では胸郭の底に張っている横隔膜を緊張させて底を下げ胸郭を拡大している。安静時には主に腹式呼吸が働いている。この横隔膜は哺乳類で進化した形質であるが、それがどのような発生基盤を元にして進化したのか不明である。横隔膜は頸部で作られるが、まずコントロールとして、横隔膜のないニワトリの頸神経の発生の特徴を明らかにしようと試みた。ニワトリの前肢、後肢の間に肢芽を移植すると、形成された過剰肢には筋と胸神経が侵入するが、頸部に肢芽を移植しても筋は侵入するものの、頸神経は侵入しないことが知られている。この要因を探るため、肢芽と共に様々な組織を頸部に移植したところ、肢芽に隣接する体節を移植した時に過剰肢に頸神経が侵入することが分かった。さらに頸神経の伸長に肢芽領域体節からの栄養因子が必要なのか、あるいは頸神経の伸長を頸部体節が阻害しているのかを確かめるため、頸部に肢芽を移植し同時に頸部体節を除去したところ、過剰肢に頸神経が侵入した。よって頸部体節が過剰肢への軸索侵入を阻害していたのである。しかしながら、前肢部の体節を頸部体節へ入れ替えても前肢に神経線維が入ったので、頸部体節による軸索伸長阻害は頸神経に対してだけ有効なようである。これは正常発生においては頸神経が前肢に誤って侵入するのを頸部体節が防いでいる、換言すれば腕神経叢の頭側端の位置を頸部体節が決定している可能性を示唆していると考えられた。

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  • 比較・実験発生学からさぐる頸部の筋、神経系の進化

    2018年4月 - 2020年3月

    制度名:科学研究費補助金, 基盤研究(C)

    提供機関:日本学術振興会

    長島 寛

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    担当区分:研究代表者  資金種別:競争的資金

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  • 頸部およびそれに関わる解剖学的諸構造の比較、実験発生学的解析

    2015年4月 - 2018年3月

    制度名:科学研究費補助金, 基盤研究(C)

    提供機関:日本学術振興会

    長島 寛

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    担当区分:研究代表者  資金種別:競争的資金

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  • 脊椎動物頸部の比較解剖学的、比較発生学的解析

    2012年4月 - 2015年3月

    制度名:科学研究費補助金, 基盤研究(C)

    提供機関:日本学術振興会

    長島 寛

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    担当区分:研究代表者  資金種別:競争的資金

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  • 四肢に対する新たな考え方の提案

    2012年 - 2015年

    制度名:医学系研究奨励(基礎)

    提供機関:武田科学振興財団

    長島 寛

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    担当区分:研究代表者  資金種別:競争的資金

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  • 頸は頭か胴体か? -発生、進化から頸部の解剖学的理解を求めて-

    2010年4月 - 2012年3月

    制度名:研究費補助金, 若手研究(B)

    提供機関:日本学術振興会

    長島 寛

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    担当区分:研究代表者  資金種別:競争的資金

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  • カメの比較発生解剖学から分かること -肩帯、胸部形態を中心に-

    2008年4月 - 2010年3月

    制度名:科学研究費補助金, 若手研究(B)

    提供機関:日本学術振興会

    長島 寛

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    担当区分:研究代表者  資金種別:競争的資金

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▶ 全件表示

 

担当経験のある授業科目

  • 人体の構造と機能I(肉眼解剖学)

    2024年
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    現在
    機関名:新潟大学

  • 人体の構造と機能II(神経の構造)

    2024年
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    現在
    機関名:新潟大学

  • 人体の構造と機能II(組織学各論)

    2024年
    -
    現在
    機関名:新潟大学

  • 人体の構造と機能I(組織学総論)

    2024年
    -
    現在
    機関名:新潟大学

  • 人体の構造と機能I(解剖総論)

    2024年
    -
    現在
    機関名:新潟大学