Faculty Profiles - UEKI Satoshi

Papers - UEKI Satoshi

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Hyperopic anisometropia with a shorter axial length ipsilateral to the ptotic eye in children with congenital ptosis. International journal

Satoshi Ueki, Yuji Suzuki, Megumi Kiyokawa, Takako Hanyu, Takeo Fukuchi

BMC ophthalmology 21 ( 1 ) 358 - 358 2021.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND: To investigate the clinical characteristics of children with congenital ptosis, with particular attention given to the incidence of anisometropia, and the difference in axial length (AL) between the right and left eyes. METHODS: The medical charts of 55 patients with congenital ptosis at Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical characteristics, including age, cycloplegic refraction, AL, and the presence of amblyopia and its causes were analyzed. RESULTS: Age at the initial visit was 16 ± 20 (mean ± standard deviation, the same applies below) months. Of the 49 patients whose cycloplegic refraction was measured, hyperopic anisometropia, defined as ≥ one-diopter difference in spherical equivalent (SE), was observed in 1/11, 9/27 and 5/11 patients with bilateral, right, and left ptosis, respectively. Among 14/38 patients with hyperopic anisometropia involving unilateral ptosis, 13 demonstrated a larger SE in the ptotic eye than in the non-ptotic eye. The inter-eye difference in AL (AL of the ptotic eye minus that of the non-ptotic eye) in six patients with unilateral ptosis and hyperopic anisometropia ipsilateral to the ptotic eye (-0.29 ± 0.40 mm) was significantly smaller than that in three patients with unilateral ptosis and no hyperopic anisometropia (0.38 ± 0.29 mm). CONCLUSIONS: At our institute, children with congenital ptosis had a high incidence of hyperopic anisometropia ipsilateral to the ptotic eye. Furthermore, this condition was associated with a shorter axial length. These results indicate that refractive correction for hyperopic anisometropia is important for proper visual development in children with congenital ptosis.

DOI： 10.1186/s12886-021-02126-8

Visual outcome of aquaporin-4 antibody-positive optic neuritis with maintenance therapy.

Satoshi Ueki, Tetsuhisa Hatase, Megumi Kiyokawa, Izumi Kawachi, Etsuji Saji, Osamu Onodera, Takeo Fukuchi, Hironaka Igarashi

Japanese journal of ophthalmology 65 ( 5 ) 699 - 703 2021.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

PURPOSE: To assess the effect of maintenance therapy on visual outcomes in preventing recurrences one year after first onset in patients with aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4Ab)-positive optic neuritis. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. METHODS: The medical charts of 56 patients with optic neuritis (22 with AQP4Ab-positive and 34 with AQP4Ab-negative) at Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical characteristics, including visual acuity and number of recurrences one year after first onset, were compared among patients who were AQP4Ab-positivie with and those without maintenance therapy such as oral prednisolone and azathioprine, as well as those who were AQP4Ab-negative. RESULTS: The mean ages were 49.3 and 45.2 years in the AQP4Ab-positive and the AQP4Ab-negative groups. The female to male ratio was 21:1 and 18:16 in the two groups, respectively. Multiple between-group comparison showed a statistically significant difference in visual acuity one year after first onset between the AQP4Ab-positive without maintenance therapy group and the AQP4Ab-negative group (0.05 (median, same applies below) vs. 1.0, p < 0.01). There was also a statistically significant difference in the number of recurrences in the year after first onset between the AQP4Ab-positive with and without maintenance therapy groups (1 vs. 0, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that patients with AQP4Ab-positive optic neuritis without maintenance therapy had the poorest visual acuity and the most recurrences one year after first onset. These results indicate that reducing the number of recurrences with maintenance therapy could improve the visual outcomes in patients with AQP4Ab-positive optic neuritis.

DOI： 10.1007/s10384-021-00858-0

Retinal Aquaporin-4 and Regulation of Water Inflow Into the Vitreous Body. International journal

Satoshi Ueki, Yuji Suzuki, Hironaka Igarashi

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 62 ( 2 ) 24 - 24 2021.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Purpose: Details of the posterior eye water dynamics are unclear. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4), a water channel, plays an important role in water dynamics in the central nervous system and is also present in the ocular tissue. The purpose of this study was to reveal the role of AQP4 in the water dynamics of the posterior eye using in vivo JJ vicinal coupling proton exchange (JJVCPE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of AQP4 knockout (KO) mice and their wild-type littermates (controls). Methods: JJVCPE MRI of the eye was performed on five AQP4 KO mice and seven control mice. We assessed the normalized signal intensities of a region of interest (ROI) set in the vitreous body after H217O administration. The results of the two groups were compared using a two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test. Results: A statistical analysis revealed that the normalized ROI signal intensities at the steady state were significantly lower (P = 0.010, <0.05) in the AQP4 KO mice (mean ± SD, 84.5% ± 2.7%) than the controls (mean ± SD, 88.8% ± 1.9%). Conclusions: The present study using JJVCPE MRI of the eye demonstrated that retinal AQP4 has a potential role in the regulation of water inflow into the vitreous body. Absence of AQP4 in the KO mice probably induces lower water outflow from the vitreous body. Our results could help clarify the pathogenesis of various ocular diseases.

DOI： 10.1167/iovs.62.2.24

Test-Retest of the Spot Vision Screener among Children with Ophthalmological Diseases including Strabismus

Mika Ichimura, Satoshi Ueki, Takeo Fukuchi

Journal of Ophthalmology 2024 1 - 6 2024.5

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Hindawi Limited

Background. The spot vision screener (SVS) has been widely used for eye health examinations of infants and young children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of two SVS measurements in children with ophthalmological diseases. Methods. 29 patients aged 15 years or younger who visited our hospital for refraction examinations with SVS before and at least 60 minutes after administration of 2 drops of 1% cyclopentolate ophthalmic solution (before and after cycloplegia) were included in this study. Two SVS measurements were made before and after cycloplegia, respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland–Altman analysis for spherical, spherical equivalent (SE), cylindrical, J0, and J45 values before and after cycloplegia were analyzed. Results. The mean age ± standard deviation (SD) of the 29 patients was 7.6 ± 2.4 years. There were 11 males and 18 females. The mean spherical values based on the SVS before and after cycloplegia were 0.42 ± 1.67 diopter (D), and 1.47 ± 2.23 D for the first measurement and 0.60 ± 1.74 D, and 1.42 ± 2.27 D for the second measurement, respectively. The mean cylindrical values based on SVS before and after cycloplegia were −1.45 ± 0.96 D and −1.65 ± 0.89 D for the first measurement and −1.58 ± 1.13 D and −1.66 ± 0.91 D for the second measurement, respectively. The ICCs for the first and second spherical, SE, cylindrical, J0, and J45 values before cycloplegia were 0.95, 0.98, 0.83, 0.86, and 0.86, respectively. The ICCs for the first and second spherical, SE, cylindrical, J0, and J45 values after cycloplegia were 0.99, 0.99, 0,87, 0.73, and 0.80, respectively. The Bland–Altman analysis of the first and second spherical and SE values before cycloplegia showed fan-shaped variation as hyperopia increased. Conclusions. Two consecutive SVS refraction measurements have a high degree of reproducibility for spherical and SE values but a low degree for cylindrical, J0, and J45 values. From these results, multiple measurements are required to obtain reliable results for cylindrical values.

DOI： 10.1155/2024/2173860

Other Link： http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/joph/2024/2173860.xml

難治性視神経炎治療全国調査急性期免疫グロブリン製剤大量静注療法の有効性の検討

高橋洋平, 植木智志, 木村亜紀子, 毛塚剛司, 敷島敬悟, 中馬秀樹, 中村誠, 橋本雅人, 山上明子, 安里輝, 龍井苑子, 庄司信行, 石川均

日本眼科学会雑誌 128 ( 臨増 ) 193 - 193 2024.3

AQP4抗体陽性視神経脊髄炎治療全国調査生物学的製剤導入による再発抑制・ステロイド減量効果の検討

高橋洋平, 植木智志, 木村亜紀子, 毛塚剛司, 敷島敬悟, 中馬秀樹, 中村誠, 橋本雅人, 山上明子, 龍井苑子, 石川均

神経眼科 40 ( 増補1 ) 53 - 53 2023.11

Age-Dependent Changes in Regulation of Water Inflow Into the Vitreous Body. International journal

Satoshi Ueki, Yuji Suzuki, Yukimi Nakamura, Hironaka Igarashi

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 64 ( 12 ) 22 - 22 2023.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

PURPOSE: Water inflow into the vitreous body regulated by retinal aquaporin-4 distributed within Müller cells has been observed in mice; however, the changes in this phenomenon with age remain unknown. This study aimed to evaluate whether intravenously injected H2O also flows into the vitreous body of human subjects and to investigate whether water dynamics in the human posterior eye change with age using [15O]H2O positron emission tomography (PET). METHODS: Forty-six normal adult volunteers underwent [15O]H2O PET, and the standard uptake value (SUV) in the center of the vitreous body after 1000-MBq [15O]H2O administration was assessed. The SUV was fitted to an exponential curve, and y0, the steady state of the SUV, and b, the speed of increase in the SUV, were calculated. The results for patients ranging from in age from 20 to 39, 40 to 59, and 60 to 79 years were compared using analyses of variance followed by Games to Howell tests. RESULTS: For the parameter y0, statistical analysis revealed no statistically significant differences among the three groups. For parameter b, statistical analysis revealed statistically significant differences between the 20 to 39 and 60 to 79 age groups (P = 0.000), the 40 to 59 and 60 to 79 age groups (P = 0.025), and the 20 to 39 and 40 to 59 age groups (P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed that H2O injected into the vein flows into the human vitreous body and that the speed of increase in water flow into the vitreous body decreases with aging. This study suggests that water dynamics in the posterior eye, or the retinal glymphatic pathway, change significantly with aging.

DOI： 10.1167/iovs.64.12.22

Spasm of Near Reflex in a Patient with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Report

Satoshi Ueki, Yukari Hasegawa, Tetsuhisa Hatase, Takako Hanyu, Jun Egawa, Atsushi Miki, Takeo Fukuchi

Reports 6 ( 3 ) 38 - 38 2023.8

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：MDPI AG

Spasm of near reflex (SNR) involves intermittent spasm of one or more of the three near reflex components. Psychiatric disorders are one cause of SNR. We describe a patient with SNR diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A 36-year-old male with esotropia since childhood was referred due to headache and dizziness. The alternate prism cover test showed 30 prism diopters at both near and distant fixation. Four months after his first visit, he was diagnosed with ASD. Twenty-nine months after his first visit, he underwent strabismus surgery to treat concomitant esotropia. Postoperatively, the angle of strabismus improved but remained variable. Because the angle of strabismus varied, we suspected SNR; the diagnosis was performed after evaluating the patient’s microfluctuations in accommodation with Speedy-K. However, it was difficult to distinguish convergence spasm from concomitant esotropia in this patient because he has had a history of esotropia since childhood. In a patient with concomitant esotropia, if the symptoms are not exclusively due to strabismus, SNR should be suspected. Although the relationship between SNR and the pathology of ASD is unknown, it is possible that patients with ASD are more likely to develop SNR.

DOI： 10.3390/reports6030038

Posterior microphthalmos with achievement of good visual acuity and disappearance of papillomacular retinal folds: a case report

Takako Hanyu, Satoshi Ueki, Yukari Hasegawa, Megumi Kiyokawa, Takeo Fukuchi

BMC Ophthalmology 22 ( 1 ) 2022.11

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Abstract

Background

Posterior microphthalmos (PM) is a rare condition with poor visual prognosis even after amblyopia treatment. We report a case of PM with achievement of good visual acuity and disappearance of papillomacular retinal folds (PFs) over a period of 7 years.

Case presentation

A girl aged 3 years and 5 months was referred to our hospital, after poor visual acuity was identified at a medical checkup for 3-year-olds. She had severe spherical hyperopia: + 17.25 D in the right eye (RE) and + 18 D in the left eye (LE). Her corrected visual acuity was 20/200 in the RE and 20/250 in the LE. PFs were observed in both eyes on optical coherence tomography (OCT), and the diagnosis of PM was made based on the normal corneal diameter and anterior chamber depth. During the course of the disease, a gradual decrease in the height of the PFs was observed on OCT. The corrected visual acuity at age 10 years was 20/20 in the RE and 20/25 in the LE.

Conclusions

The visual prognosis of PM is poor, and only one case with good visual acuity has been reported in the literature. The patient in the present case not only developed good visual acuity, but also showed improvement in macular morphology, which was not noted in previous reports. Early diagnosis of PM and early amblyopia treatment is important for the visual development in PM.

DOI： 10.1186/s12886-022-02648-9

Other Link： https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12886-022-02648-9/fulltext.html

One-year recurrence rate of Graves ophthalmopathy presenting as diplopia in the primary position after varied doses of intravenous methylprednisolone followed by oral prednisolone with dosing based on the magnetic resonance imaging findings

Satoshi Ueki, Yukari Hasegawa, Tetsuhisa Hatase, Megumi Kiyokawa, Takeo Fukuchi

Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology 67 ( 1 ) 91 - 96 2022.10

The Prevalence of Brain Abnormalities in Japanese Patients with Optic Nerve Hypoplasia. International journal

Megumi Kiyokawa, Satoshi Ueki, Tetsuhisa Hatase, Takako Hanyu, Takeo Fukuchi

Neuro-ophthalmology (Aeolus Press) 45 ( 4 ) 265 - 270 2021

Language：English

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of Japanese patients with optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH), with particular attention to the prevalence of brain abnormalities. We retrospectively analysed the medical charts of 16 patients who were diagnosed with ONH and who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital. We recorded the age, sex, laterality, initial eye and visual symptoms, best-corrected visual acuity, and brain abnormalities on MRI (excluding ONH). The median age at the first visit to the Ophthalmology Clinic was 2.4 years old. Four patients were male and 12 were female. ONH was bilateral in 11 patients and unilateral in five. Best-corrected visual acuity ranged from no light perception to 20/20. Seven patients (43.8%) had brain abnormalities including agenesis of the septum pellucidum, pituitary gland hypofunction, cerebral dysplasia, and West syndrome. Five of these seven patients had general manifestations since the neonatal or infantile period. Our study revealed the prevalence of brain abnormalities associated with optic nerve hypoplasia in Japanese patients at a single institute. Because two of 11 patients had no general manifestations since the neonatal or infantile period but demonstrated brain abnormalities, MRI should be performed to investigate all patients with ONH.

DOI： 10.1080/01658107.2020.1844758

Longitudinal GluCEST MRI Changes and Cerebral Blood Flow in 5xFAD Mice

Hironaka Igarashi, Satoshi Ueki, Hiroki Kitaura, Tae Kera, Ken Ohno, Masaki Ohkubo, Mika Terumitsu-Tsujita, Akiyoshi Kakita, Ingrid L Kwee

Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2020 1 - 12 2020.11

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Hindawi Limited

Many of the focal neurological symptoms associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are due to synaptic loss. Glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a candidate method to assess synaptic dysfunction. We assessed chronological changes in GluCEST in a 5xFAD mouse model of AD, comparing Glucest effects and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF). GluCEST effects and CBF in 5xFAD mice aged 1–15 months and their littermates (WT) were measured. Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) MRI reflecting dendritic/axonal density was also measured and compared with GluCEST in 7-month-old mice. While regional CBF’s decrease began at 7 months, GluCEST-reduction effects preceded hypoperfusion of the temporal cortex and hippocampus. While longitudinal 5xFAD mouse measurements revealed a correlation between the regional GluCEST effects and CBF, a generalized linear mixed model revealed statistically different correlations in cortical and basal brain regions. Further, NODDI-derived neurite density correlated with GluCEST effects in the parietal cortex, but not in the hippocampus, thereby revealing regional differences in pathophysiological mechanisms. Finally, GluCEST’s effects correlated with regional synaptophysin. These results demonstrate that GluCEST can reflect subtle synaptic changes and may be a potential imaging method for AD diagnosis as well as serve as a biomarker of AD progression.

DOI： 10.1155/2020/8831936

Other Link： http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cmmi/2020/8831936.xml

Participant-driven Simulation Protocol With a Mock Scanner for Pediatric Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging Preparation Without Sedation Reviewed

Kenichi Yamada, Yuji Suzuki, Satoshi Ueki, Kosuke Itoh, Masaki Watanabe, Kiyotaka Suzuki, Hironaka Igarashi

Clinical Simulation in Nursing 47 40 - 47 2020.10

正常眼圧緑内障の経過中に視交叉部腫瘍合併が明らかになった4例

長谷川友加里, 坂上悠太, 植木智志, 飯川龍, 中野里絵子, 末武亜紀, 栂野哲哉, 福地健郎

日本眼科学会雑誌 123 ( 12 ) 1101 - 1108 2019.12

Language：Japanese Publisher：(公財)日本眼科学会

目的:正常眼圧緑内障の加療中に視交叉部腫瘍の合併が明らかになった4例を提示し,腫瘍合併を疑うべき所見について検討する.症例:合併した視交叉部腫瘍は,3例は下垂体腺腫,1例は鞍結節部髄膜腫であった.いずれの症例も急速な視野障害進行と片眼もしくは両眼の視力低下を伴っていた.2例では乳頭蒼白を伴っていたが,2例ではなかった.症例1の両耳側半盲所見は,10°内視野測定で初めて検出された.結論:緑内障症例に視交叉部腫瘍合併を疑う眼科的所見として,垂直経線を境界とする視野障害,急激な視力低下・視野悪化,乳頭蒼白などが挙げられるが,進行した緑内障症例では耳側半盲所見が判別しづらいことがあり,10°内視野測定が有用な場合がある.疑われる場合には積極的に頭蓋内画像検索を行うことが勧められる.(著者抄録)

グルタミン酸CEST-MRイメージング法の開発とアルツハイマー病モデルマウスへの応用 Reviewed

大野健, 植木智志, 大久保真樹, 鈴木清隆, 五十嵐博中, 中田力

脳循環代謝 31 ( 1 ) 99 - 99 2019.11

Visualizing the Distribution of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Ischemic Brain Using In Vivo 19F-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging. Reviewed International journal

Vincent J Huber, Hironaka Igarashi, Satoshi Ueki, Mika Terumitsu-Tsujita, Chikako Nito, Ken Ohno, Yuji Suzuki, Kosuke Itoh, Ingrid L Kwee, Tsutomu Nakada

Contrast media & molecular imaging 2019 8908943 - 8908943 2019

Language：English

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) damage the neurovascular unit, promote the blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption following ischemic stroke, and play essential roles in hemorrhagic transformation (HT), which is one of the most severe side effects of thrombolytic therapy. However, no biomarkers have presently been identified that can be used to track changes in the distribution of MMPs in the brain. Here, we developed a new 19F-molecular ligand, TGF-019, for visualizing the distribution of MMPs in vivo using 19F-magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (19F-MRSI). We demonstrated TGF-019 has sufficient sensitivity for the specific MMPs suspected in evoking HT during ischemic stroke, i.e., MMP2, MMP9, and MMP3. We then utilized it to assess those MMPs at 22 to 24 hours after experimental focal cerebral ischemia on MMP2-null mice, as well as wild-type mice with and without the systemic administration of the recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). The 19F-MRSI of TGN-019-administered mice showed high signal intensity within ischemic lesions that correlated with total MMP2 and MMP9 activity, which was confirmed by zymographic analysis of ischemic tissues. Based on the results of this study, 19F-MRSI following TGN-019 administration can be used to assess potential therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke.

DOI： 10.1155/2019/8908943

Aquaporin-4 facilitator TGN-073 promotes interstitial fluid circulation within the blood-brain barrier: [17O]H2O JJVCPE MRI study. International journal

Vincent J Huber, Hironaka Igarashi, Satoshi Ueki, Ingrid L Kwee, Tsutomu Nakada

Neuroreport 29 ( 9 ) 697 - 703 2018.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB), which imposes significant water permeability restriction, effectively isolates the brain from the systemic circulation. Seemingly paradoxical, the abundance of aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) on the inside of the BBB strongly indicates the presence of unique water dynamics essential for brain function. On the basis of the highly specific localization of AQP-4, namely, astrocyte end feet at the glia limitans externa and pericapillary Virchow-Robin space, we hypothesized that the AQP-4 system serves as an interstitial fluid circulator, moving interstitial fluid from the glia limitans externa to pericapillary Virchow-Robin space to ensure proper glymphatic flow draining into the cerebrospinal fluid. The hypothesis was tested directly using the AQP-4 facilitator TGN-073 developed in our laboratory, and [O]H2O JJ vicinal coupling proton exchange MRI, a method capable of tracing water molecules delivered into the blood circulation. The results unambiguously showed that facilitation of AQP-4 by TGN-073 increased turnover of interstitial fluid through the system, resulting in a significant reduction in [O]H2O contents of cortex with normal flux into the cerebrospinal fluid. The study further suggested that in addition to providing the necessary water for proper glymphatic flow, the AQP-4 system produces a water gradient within the interstitial space promoting circulation of interstitial fluid within the BBB.

DOI： 10.1097/WNR.0000000000000990

視線解析装置を用いた網膜色素変性患者の読書評価

村田憲章, 宮本ふう子, 木下直彦, 植木智志, 畑瀬哲尚, 福地健郎

日本視能訓練士協会誌 46 245 - 256 2017.12

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：(公社)日本視能訓練士協会

【目的】網膜色素変性(RP)患者の黙読能力の他覚的評価を試みた。【対象及び方法】新潟大学医歯学総合病院通院中のRP患者11名(37.4±17.6歳)と健常者(N)20名(46.9±17.2歳)。視線解析装置(Tobii Tx300)にて横書き文黙読時の平均停留時間およびsaccade時間、100文字あたりの読み時間、停留回数を算出した。また読書時のsaccadeを幅と角度の2変数から混合ガウスモデルによるクラスタ分類およびクラス分類し、その割合をχ2検定で検討した。【結果】平均停留時間はRP群256.3±41.6msec、N群215.7±24.9msec(p<0.01)、saccade時間RP群44.28±8.26msec、N群50.78±11.45msec(P=0.11)、停留回数はRP群31.1±7.9回、N群32.7±10.6回(p=0.66)、読み時間はRP群9.4±3.0sec、N群8.8±3.4sec(p=0.65)で、RP群において停留時間が延長した。各saccadeは短・長順行、逆行、行替えに分類されその構成に両群間で有意差を認めた(p=0.03)。RP群において短順行、長順行saccadeが多く、逆行saccadeが少なかった(p<0.01)。【結論】RP群は平均停留時間が延長しsaccadeパターンに変化がみられたが、読み時間は延長しなかった。今後は視野異常の重症度に着目した解析が必要である。(著者抄録)

DOI： 10.4263/jorthoptic.046F128

Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2017&ichushi_jid=J01962&link_issn=&doc_id=20180306160031&doc_link_id=130006515549&url=http%3A%2F%2Fci.nii.ac.jp%2Fnaid%2F130006515549&type=CiNii&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00003_1.gif

Maturational decrease of glutamate in the human cerebral cortex from childhood to young adulthood: a 1H-MR spectroscopy study. Reviewed International journal

Mami Shimizu, Yuji Suzuki, Kenichi Yamada, Satoshi Ueki, Masaki Watanabe, Hironaka Igarashi, Tsutomu Nakada

Pediatric research 82 ( 5 ) 749 - 752 2017.11

Language：English

BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to investigate maturational changes in glutamate (Glu) in the human cerebral cortex from childhood to young adulthood using 3.0-Tesla proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), which is capable of quantifying Glu in vivo.MethodsNormal volunteers comprising 11 children (aged 4-13 years) and 11 young adults (aged 18-33 years) participated in the study. Single-voxel point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS, repetition time/echo time=2,000/80 ms) was performed on the frontal and occipital cortices, and the Glu-to-creatine ratio (Glu/Cr) and N-acetylaspartate-to-creatine ratio (NAA/Cr) were determined.ResultsIn both the frontal and occipital cortices, Glu/Cr was significantly lower during young adulthood relative to that during childhood. NAA/Cr did not differ significantly between the two age groups.ConclusionThis study has provided objective evidence that cerebral cortical Glu/Cr decreases between childhood and young adulthood. The observed decrease in Glu/Cr may reflect the simultaneous occurrence of maturational changes, such as changes in cortical microstructure and the intercellular compartmentation of Glu metabolism.

DOI： 10.1038/pr.2017.101

Clinicopathological features in anterior visual pathway in neuromyelitis optica Reviewed

Mariko Hokari, Akiko Yokoseki, Musashi Arakawa, Etsuji Saji, Kaori Yanagawa, Fumihiro Yanagimura, Yasuko Toyoshima, Kouichirou Okamoto, Satoshi Ueki, Tetsuhisa Hatase, Riuko Ohashi, Takeo Fukuchi, Kohei Akazawa, Mitsunori Yamada, Akiyoshi Kakita, Hitoshi Takahashi, Masatoyo Nishizawa, Izumi Kawachi

ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY 79 ( 4 ) 605 - 624 2016.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

ObjectiveNeuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOsd) is an autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system characterized by aquaporin-4 (AQP4) autoantibodies. The aim of this study was to elucidate the characteristics of involvement of the anterior visual pathway (AVP) and neurodegeneration via glia-neuron interaction in NMOsd.
MethodsThirty Japanese patients with serologically verified NMOsd were assessed with a neuro-ophthalmological study. Using 27 tissue blocks from 13 other cases of NMOsd, we performed neuropathological analysis of glial and neuroaxonal involvement in the AVP.
ResultsThe AVP involvement in NMOsd was characterized by the following, compared to multiple sclerosis: (1) longitudinally extensive optic neuritis (ON); (2) more severe visual impairment and worse prognosis for ON; (3) unique AQP4 dynamics, including loss of AQP4 immunoreactivity on astrocytes with complement activation in ON lesions, loss of AQP4 immunoreactivity on Muller cells with no deposition of complement in the retinas, and densely packed AQP4 immunoreactivity on astrocytes in gliosis of secondary anterograde/retrograde degeneration in the optic nerves and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL); and (4) more severe neurodegeneration, including axonal accumulation of degenerative mitochondria and transient receptor potential melastatin 4 channel with complement-dependent astrocyte pathology in ON lesions, mild loss of horizontal cells, and RNFL thinning and loss of ganglion cells with abundance of AQP4(+) astrocytes, indicating secondary retrograde degeneration after ON.
InterpretationSevere and widespread neuroaxonal damage and unique dynamics of astrocytes/Muller cells with alterations of AQP4 were prominent in the AVP and may be associated with poor visual function and prognosis in NMOsd. Ann Neurol 2016;79:605-624

DOI： 10.1002/ana.24608

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