Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy  

Co-pyrolysis of waste copier paper with phenols was performed to estimate the effect on the yields of major products. Levoglucosan and hydroxymethylfurfural are known as major pyrolysis products from cellulosic materials, and valuable chemicals as biologically active substance. Yields of these products are sensitive to contaminants, such as inorganic substance, additives, other carbohydrates and phenols. The result of this study was indicated that formation of levoglucosan from waste copier paper pyrolysis was inhibited by presence of sinapylalcohol and coniferylalcohol. On the other hand, ferulic acid had no effect on the yield of levoglucosan. Presence of all phenols used in this study were inhibited the formation of hydroxymethylfurfural. The formation of 4-vinylguaiacol from ferulic acid with waste copier paper was accelerated and increased the yield proximately 200%.

DOI： 10.20550/jiebiomassronbun.11.0_53

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy  

Buck wheat is known to include valuable flavonoids, such as rutin, however, the husk have been discarded so far. The object of this study is to estimate the possibility of buck wheat as a new resource for production of valuable chemicals by extraction and fast pyrolysis. In this study, Influence of extraction of buckwheat husk on distribution of pyrolysis products was evaluated. Extraction with water and 70% methanol was significantly increased the yield of levoglucosan in the pyrolysate from extracted husk residue. Furthermore the levoglucosan yield was increased by the washing with 1% hydrochloric acid. It is thought to be because the alkali metal for promoting the decomposition of the record book is extracted. The formation of the phenol products from the pyrolysis of the buck wheat are inhibited by extraction with methanol and water.

DOI： 10.20550/jiebiomassronbun.11.0_55

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In this study, in order to obtain oxidative degradation lignin oligomers having long conjugated structure efficiently, alkaline copper oxide oxidation of birch wood was examined under various conditions. Through the these experiment, the effects of temperature, reaction time and the amount of copper oxide on the yield of the lignin oligomers were discussed.

DOI： 10.20550/jiebiomassronbun.10.0_159

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy  

For estimation of pyrolysis reaction of kraft lignin, lignin prepared from black liquor (KF-1), commercial kraft lignin (KF-2), alkali lignin (AL-1), and bamboo krason lignin (KR-1) were pyrolyzed with a Py-GC/MS system, and major pyrolysis products were identified by MS library, retention time and fragmentation patterns. Pyrolysis mechanisms were elucidated by radical rearrangement refferd from homolysis around with oxygen, which was promoted at the pyrolysis temperature from 400℃ to 500℃. Increasing the temperature to 600℃, the secondary reaction of pyrolysis product began in the methoxy groups on the aromatic ring, which produced phenol and diol compounds. Furthermore, low molecular weight compounds containing sulfer was confirmed in pyrolysis products from KF-1.

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.24.0_144

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy  

More than 1,500 million ton of waste papers have been discarded without recycling. These waste papers including shoulder paper and paper box for food could not be used as the raw material for the paper products. In this study, fast pyrolysis method was chosen for production of bioenergy and chemicals from such waste papers. Fast pyrolysis was done by an analytical Py-GC/MS as well as lab-plant scale pyrolysis. 18 kind of paper were selected for this study, and Japanese cedar and Moso bamboo meal were used for comparison. The waste papers include inorganic matter, such as clay and carbonate, and these matters affected on pyrolysis behavior and pyrolysate distribution. Major products from waste paper were Furfural, acetic acid, dihydroacetone, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, levoglucosan. Among of waste papers, pyrolysate distributions were differed reflecting the contents of cellulose. Waste paper with higher cellulose content produced levoglucosan in high yielded, and waste paper with lower cellulose content produced levoglucosan in low yield.

DOI： 10.20550/jiebiomassronbun.10.0_153

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy  

Bio-oil produced by fast pyrolysis of biomass is considered to be a new resource as a substitute for fuel oil or diesel in many static applications such as boilers, furnaces, engines, and turbines for electricity generation or chemical production. Lignin is the polymerization product of coniferyl, sinapyl and p-coumaryl alcohol. Thus, the polymer consists of phenylpropane units with varying degrees of methoxylation on the aromatic rings. Some researchers have proposed the mechanism of lignin pyrolysis using monomer and dimer models. However, there are no reports using systematical p-coumaryl, coniferyl and sinapyl alcohol dimer models with three principal linkages. These compounds have γ-hydroxymethyl structure and this structural moiety is considered as leaving group. Therefore, it is important to

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.23.0_70

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Recently, biomass has been attractive as one of the renewable energy resources. Bio-oil produced by fast pyrolysis of biomass is considered to be a new resource as a substitute fuel oil. The bio-oil includes more than 100 kinds organic matter, and consisted of low molecule compounds from Lignin and polysaccharides. The formation mechanism of oil components, which derived from pyrolysis of polysaccharides is less well known. Therefore, the mechanism of Levoglucosan (LGA), Furfural (FF) and 5-hydoxymethylfurfural (HMF) was estimated in this study. The result shows that the yields of LGA was decreased by mixing pyrolysis of α-Cellulose with compounds derived from hemicellulose (ex. Glucronic acid or Xylan). On the other hand, it was revealed the yield of LGA less was decreased by mixing pyrolysis of α-Cellulose with compound derived from lignin (ex. Coniferyl alcohol).

DOI： 10.20550/jiebiomassronbun.9.0_56

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy  

Pyrolysis of biomass is one of the effective methods to give additional value to biomass. In this study, Japanese ceder (Cryptomeria japonica) and Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycle f. pubescens) were used as typical resources in Japan. Pyrolysis of the biomass was conducted with laboratory pyrolyser under various pyrolysis conditions to estimate the effects of pyrolysis temperature on the bio-oil composition. The results shown that the major pyrolysis products were Levoglucosan, Furans and Guaiacol derivatives. Those compounds were known as valuable products, and the yield of those products was higher at 480 ℃ pyrolysis. It is known that increasing the pyrolysis temperature accelerates the demethylation and demethoxylation. Thus, the production yield of the phenol and catechol were increased as raising temperature. Yield of flammable gas (H_2, CO, CH_4) was increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature, and char yield was decreased (39.3-22.6 wt%).

DOI： 10.20550/jiebiomassronbun.9.0_54

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy  

Biodiesel fuel production generates about 10% (w/w) glycerol as the main byproduct. Due to increasing demand for biodiesel fuels, the production of hydrogen, syngas and medium heating value gas from the glycerol is highly desirable to improve the economics of biodiesel fuel production process. In this study, glycerol steamgasification with the biochar of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla f. pubescens) was carried out for the hydrogen-rich syngas production. The process parameters of the steamgasification such as glycerol concentration, glycerol feed rate, and gasification temperature caused the production of the syngas having the hydrogen content of above 50%. The results show that the steamgasification of glycerol with biochar could be a valuable process for the production of hydrogen-rich syngas.

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.22.0_54

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

The effect of lignin-derived lignophenols on lipid metabolism in the livers of rats fed a high-fat diet was investigated. Rats fed a diet providing 45% of energy from fat were divided into 2 groups, namely 0% and 0.5% lignophenols-containing diets. The controls were fed a diet providing 10% of energy from fat. Plasma blood parameters, protein expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1, and SREBP-1c mRNA expression in the livers were examined. The plasma triglyceride levels in the rats fed lignophenols-containing diets were decreased. SREBP-1c mRNA expression in the rats fed lignophenols-containing diets was significantly reduced compared with the rats fed high-fat diets, and phosphorylated ACC protein in the rats fed lignophenols-containing diets was significantly increased. Our results suggested that lignophenols suppress the expression of SREBP-1c mRNA and the phosphorylation of ACC in the liver, and may lead to a decrease in plasma triglyceride levels. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.etap.2012.04.005

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Lignophenols (LP) are the derivatives of native lignin, which is an abundant organic polymer in the plant kingdom. This study investigated whether LP can attenuate vascular oxidative stress and inflammation in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The diabetic rats induced by a single intravenous injection of STZ were randomly divided into two groups fed either 0 or 1.0% LP-containing diet. After 5 weeks of treatment, the superoxide (O-2 (-)) production, mRNA expression levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)H) oxidase subunits, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and its receptor C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), and protein expression level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were examined in the aorta of vehicle-injected control and diabetic rats treated with or without LP. The increased O-2 (-) production and mRNA expression levels of NAD(P)H oxidase subunits Nox4 and p47phox were found to be significantly reduced in the aorta of diabetic rats treated with LP. The mRNA expression of MCP-1 and CCR2, and the protein expression of iNOS were found to be increased in the aorta of untreated diabetic rats, whereas these levels were significantly lower in the LP-treated group. These findings suggest that LP could attenuate vascular oxidative stress and/or inflammation via inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase. This may lead to an improvement in the vascular impairment of diabetes.

DOI： 10.1007/s11010-010-0645-9

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For the aromatic compounds as petroleum substitute from lignin, lignophenols synthesized from native lignins through the phase-separation process were depolymerized under the mild alkaline condition. Monophenols recovered from alkaline depolymerized softwood and hardwood lignophenol having many guaiacyl aryl coumaran and syringyl aryl coumaran structures remained diphenylmethane type structure by nucleus-exchange method in good yield. And it was confirmed that the high and low molecular weight fraction of alkaline depolymerized lignophenol had the different structural features by nucleus-exchange treatment.

DOI： 10.14723/tmrsj.36.585

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DOI： 10.11364/networkpolymer.32.70

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC  

Lignin is one of the components in the plant cell wall, after cellulose, making up 20-30% of the global plant biomass. Lignophenols (LPs) are derivatives of lignin with high phenolic function and antioxidant properties. However, their medicinal property is not well characterised. Apolipoprotein-B (apo-B) is an essential component in very low-density lipoprotein, and high levels of serum apolipoprotein-B (apo-B) are a major factor for coronary heart disease. In this study, we examined the effect of lignophenols on apo-B secretion in HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were treated with varying concentrations of LPs and 0.8 mm sodium oleate. LPs decreased oleate-induced apo-B secretion in a dose-dependent manner. LPs also decreased oleate-induced microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) mRNA expression and cellular total cholesterol, suggesting that lipid bioavailability and lipidation of lipoprotein are likely involved in the decreased secretion of apo-B. Furthermore, LPs decreased oleate-induced mature sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP-2), a transcription factor that activates cholesterol biosynthesis. This is the first study to show that LPs can decrease oleate-induced apo-B secretion in HepG2 cells. The modulations of MTTP mRNA expression, cellular total cholesterol metabolism and mature SREBP-2 expression may be important factors in the regulation of apo-B secretion by LPs.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2010.00575.x

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In this study, we carried out successive cleavage of three type ether linkages of lignin through the reverse pathway of lignin biosynthetic mechanism. The first step is cleavage of benzyl aryl ether and conversion to lignophenol through the phase-separation system. The second step is cleavage of C-beta aryl ether linkages by switching functions of lignophenol utilized neighboring group participation reaction under the mild alkaline condition. The third step is demethylation of the aromatic methoxyl groups and conversion to monophenols by Lewis acid treatment. Conversions to monophenols of depolymerized lignophenol were carried out using boron trifluoride. The guaiacol and <i>p</i>-cresol were recovered from depolymerized lignophenol quantitatively Trough these cleavage of ether linkages and conversion to monophenols of lignin, we carried out activation and depolymerization of lignin for chemical feedstocks.

DOI： 10.14723/tmrsj.35.975

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DOI： 10.14723/tmrsj.34.679

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DOI： 10.3985/jjsmcwm.20.311

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

This study investigated the effects of lignin-derived lignophenols (LPs) on the oxidative stress and infiltration of macrophages in the kidney of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The diabetic rats were divided into four groups with 0%, 0.11%, 0.33% and 1.0% LP diets. The vehicle-injected controls were given a commercial diet. At 5 weeks, superoxide (O(2)(-)) production, macrophage kinetics, the degree of fibrosis in glomeruli and mRNA expression for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were examined. The NADPH-stimulated O(2)(-) levels in the kidney of the diabetic rats treated with 1.0% LP were significantly lower than those in untreated diabetic rats. The number of macrophages, levels of MCP-1 mRNA expression and degree of glomerular fibrosis increased in untreated LP and these levels were significantly lower in 1.0% LP-treated rats. The results suggested that LPs suppress the excess oxidative stress, the infiltration and activation of macrophages and the glomerular expansion in STZ-induced diabetic kidneys.

DOI： 10.3109/10715760903247264

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DOI： 10.11364/networkpolymer1996.29.Supplement_37

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY JAPAN-MRS-J  

A polymer structure and function of lignophenol was examined by various structural analysis of lignophenols fractionated with preparative SEC. The base unit of lignophenol is 1,1-bis (aryl) propane-2-O-aryl ether unit in all the molecular weight areas by FT-IR and NMR analysis. But the amounts of combined cresol and phenolic hydroxyl groups were increased with decreasing molecular weight of fractionated lignophenols.
The molecular morphology of lignophenol and conventional lignins were analyzed with SEC-MALLS system. The difference in the molecular weight of lignin determined by MALLS and conventional calibration methods using linear polystyrene standard can show the difference of molecular morphology of lignin. The molecular morphology of lignocresol was more spreading and linearity, compared with other lignins. It was suggested that this characteristic of lignophenol is concerned with thermoplasticity of lignophenol that other lignins do not have.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY JAPAN-MRS-J  

Through the phase-separation reaction system composed of phenol derivatives and concentrated acid, lignin and carbohydrates, which form an interpenetrating polymer network within the cell wall, were separated almost quantitatively into different phases within 20 min. The yield of carbohydrate of acid layer after the 60 minutes phase-separation treatment was 71% of raw material (98% of carbohydrate of raw material). A total yield of original lignin without grafting cresol in lignocresol, acid phase sugar and cresol phase sugar was 96% of raw material at the 60 minutes phase-separation treatment. It was possible to control conversion pattern of lignocellulosics component with the quantity of the phenol derivatives and the hydrophilicity of the phenol derivatives.
Separated carbohydrates were consisted of various sizes of oligosaccharide and high molecular weight water-soluble glucose polymers. In the phase-separation treatments with different hydrophobic phenol derivatives, the separation efficiency of lignocellulocics got higher with increasing hydrophilicity of the phenol became high because of the affinity of the phenol phase and acid phase.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 化学工学会  

DOI： 10.11491/scej.2007.0.832.0

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DOI： 10.11364/networkpolymer1996.28.Supplement_97

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A polymer structure and function of lignophenol was examined by various structural analysis of lignophenols fractionated with preparative SEC. The base unit of lignophenol is 1,1-bis (aryl) propane-2-O-aryl ether unit in all the molecular weight areas by NMR analysis. But the amounts of combined cresol and phenolic hydroxyl groups were increased with decreasing molecular weight of fractionated lignophenols. The protein-adsorbing capacities and thermoplastic property of fractionated lignophenols differed with the molecular weights.

DOI： 10.1295/polymj.PJ20051421

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SOC POLYMER SCIENCE JAPAN  

Through the phase-separation reaction system with sulfuric acid, lignocellulosics which form an interpenetrating polymer network within the cell wall were separated almost quantitatively into different phases within 20 min. The yield of carbohydrate of acid layer after the 60 min phase-separation treatment was 71% of raw material (98% of carbohydrate). A total yield of original lignin without grafting cresol in lignocresol, acid phase sugar and cresol phase sugar was 96% of raw material at the 60 min phase-separation treatment. It was possible to control conversion pattern of lignocellulosics component with the quantity of the phenol derivatives.

DOI： 10.1295/polymj.PJ2005138

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The molecular morphology of lignophenol and conventional lignins were analyzed with SEC-MALLS system. MALLS analysis has been used as method for absolute molecular weight of polymers. However determination of absolute molecular weight of lignin is difficult due to divisively and complication of lignin structure. But the difference in the molecular weight of lignin determined by MALLS and conventional calibration methods using linear polystyrene standard can show the difference of molecular morphology of lignin. The molecular morphology of lignocresol was more-spreading and linearity, compared with other lignins. It was suggested that this characteristic of lignophenol is concerned with thermoplasticity of lignophenol that other lignins do not have.

DOI： 10.1295/polymj.PJ2005143

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DOI： 10.11491/scej.2006f.0.52.0

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DOI： 10.11364/networkpolymer1996.27.Supplement_201

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DOI： 10.11364/networkpolymer1996.27.Supplement_197

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In the phase-separation reaction system composed of phenol derivatives and concentrated acid, lignin and carbohydrates, which form an interpenetrating polymer network within the cell wall, were separated almost quantitatively into different phases within 20 minutes. Conversion and separation pattern of lignocellulose components was controlled by the quantity and the kind of the phenol derivative. The relationship between polymer structure and functional property of lignophenol induced by phase-separation system was studied. It follows that high molecular weight fractions of lignophenols were compact than low molecular weight fractions.

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Recently lignocellulosics have been expected as substitution for fossil carbon resources because of their compositions and sustainability. But it is difficult to separates carbohydrates and lignin without damages. Lignophenols, which are linear type lignin-based phenolic polymers, have been synthesized through the phase-separation system composed of surface reactions between phenols layers and acidic aqueous layers. Lignophenols have been applied to various materials by the particular characteristics such as solubility for solvents, thermal plasticity, high recyclability, biodegradability. Moreover functionality control was carried out by combination of both switching devices and control devices under alkaline conditions with heating. Thus lignophenols are applied for recyclable and sustainable industrial materials derived from forest carbon resources in the cascade type utilization.

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Lignocellulosics were attractive for substitution of fossil carbon resources by their sustainability in the bio-synthesis flow. But it was difficult to separate the components of lignocellulosics with keeping the fundamental characteristics. By the phase-separation system, which was composed of the surface reactions between phenols and acids, both highly recyclable lignin-based polymers (lignophenols) and carbohydrates were directly derived from lignocellulosics under mild conditions. Lignophenols and carbohydrates are applied into various products on demands.

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DOI： 10.11364/networkpolymer1996.26.Supplement_235

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Lignophenols synthesized from native lignins through the phase-separation process contains frequently the characteristic units, 1,1-bis (aryl) propane-2-O-aryl ether units. These units in lignophenols can be used as functionality control device in alkaline condition. This reaction mechanism is estimated that the phenoxide ion of grafted phenols readily attack the electron deficient C2 nucleophilically, resulting in the cleavage of C2-aryl ether linkage with the exchange of phenolic functionality from Cl-grafted nuclei to lignin nuclei. The derivatives have various functions, such as high thermoplasticity and protein adsorption ability. In this study, main compound was isolated from the derivatives and the relation between the structure and function was investigated.

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Through the phase-separation system composed of acid and phenol, the empty fruit bunch (EFB) of Elaeis guineensis was separated into lignophenols and carbohydrates. Native lignin of EFB was converted into lignophenol and carbohydrates were hydrolyzed more rapidly, compared with woody materials. EFB lignophenols had the structural features between softwood and hardwood lignophenols. EFB had the potential comparable to woody materials as raw materials for industrial production of functional materials.

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Through the phase-separation system composed of phenol derivatives and concentrated acid, bamboo lignocellulosics were converted into carbohydrates and lignophenols. Compared with wood, the separation of bamboo into carbohydrates and lignophenols was achieved more quickly. Bamboo lignophenols had a high frequency of 1, 1-bis(aryl)propane-type structures (Ca:0. 7mol/C9) in their molecules. These results indicated that bamboo are preferable to wood as aliphatic and aromatic material sources, and should be applied for the molecular level recycling.

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DOI： 10.11364/networkpolymer1996.25.Supplement_149

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DOI： 10.11491/scej.2003f.0.315.0

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DOI： 10.11364/networkpolymer1996.24.Supplement_117

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO  

A new dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan 7,6'-dihydroxybursehernin, together with six known lignans (pinoresinol, lariciresinol, secoisolariciresinol, a-peltatin, beta-peltatin, 5-methoxypodophyllotoxin) were isolated from the methanol extracts of Linum flavum var. compactum. The enantiomeric analysis of pinoresinol and lariciresinol isolated from the species, which are upstream lignans in the lignan biosynthetic pathway, indicated that they are not optically pure, which is in accordance with our recent findings on lignans occurring in other plant species.

DOI： 10.1007/BF00770707

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DOI： 10.11364/networkpolymer1996.23.Supplement_1

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Heartwood of Chamaecyparis obtusa contains significant amounts of a dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan, hinokinin (8). This investigation demonstrated that the contents of 8 and a norlignan, hinokiresinol (12), were higher in the heartwood region than in the sapwood, indicating their nature of being heartwood extractives. Eleven lignans - xanthoxylol (1), 7-oxohinokinin (2), savinin (3), dihydrosesamin (4), isoactifolin (5), sesamin (6), piperitol (7), hinokinin (8), pluviatolide (9), haplomyrfolin (10), and matairesinol (11) - were isolated from young shoots of Chamaecyparis obtusa cv. Breviramea, Fight lignans (1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, and 11) were isolated front this plant for the first time. Chiral high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis showed that 8, 9, 10, and It, were found to be levorotatory and optically pure (&gt; 99% e.e.). Based on the chemical structures of the isolated lignans, possible biosynthetic pathways of 8 are discussed.

DOI： 10.1007/BF00767901

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A new lignan isoactifolin was isolated from young shoots (with leaves) of Chamaecyparis obtusa cv. Breviramea. The structure of the compound was determined based on spectroscopic evidence.

DOI： 10.1007/BF00767904

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Society of Advanced Science  

For the successive total utilization of lignocellulosics, the phase-separation system has been developed. A key of this system is the phase-separation treatment with phenol compounds and concentrated acid. Without heating and pressing, the cell wall with IPN structures is separated into the lignin-based polymers (lignophenols) and carbohydrates within 1 hour. The functionality of materials can be controlled by the properties of phenol and acid in the phase-separation system. The lignophenols had unique properties that conventional lignins did not have. Furthermore, the functionality of lignophenols was controllable using the intramolecular switching function (cleavages of C2-aryl ether linkages by nucleophilic attack of C1-phenolic nuclei to C2). The carbohydrates can be converted to functional oligo-saccharides, simple sugars, alcohols etc. The phase-separation system would form the basis of an advanced molecular-level refining and recycling system for forestry products.

DOI： 10.2978/jsas.13.517

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DOI： 10.11364/networkpolymer1996.22.Supplement_121

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DOI： 10.11364/networkpolymer1996.22.Supplement_109

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DOI： 10.11364/networkpolymer1996.22.Supplement_165

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DOI： 10.11364/networkpolymer1996.21.Supplement_149

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MARCEL DEKKER INC  

A water-soluble chromophoric xylanase-resitant xylan fraction (LF-D) was separated from a hardwood unbleached kraft pulp (UKP) after hydrolysis with a cellulase/ xylanase-membrane bioreactor. LF-D contained over 70% unremovable inorganic atoms including Si, Na, and S, together with a beta-1,4-inked xylan. A nucleus exchange reaction and a nitrobenzene oxidation showed that LF-D contained a trace amount of a lignin component abundant in quinoid structures which had been partly demethylated during the course of kraft pulping. On the other hand, a higher molecular weight residual lignin fraction (HF-P), which was obtained from an impermeable part of the enzymatic digests, was found to have a diphenylmethane structure. LF-D was partially decolorized by Coriolus versicolor and bacterial microflora without action of extracellular lignin peroxidase, Mn-peroxidase, laccase or xylanase.

DOI： 10.1080/02773819608545813

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Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/2433/53227

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (national, other academic conference)  

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Language：English   Publisher：Kyoto University  

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。

CiNii Article

CiNii Books

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (national, other academic conference)  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (national, other academic conference)  

J-GLOBAL

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