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The purpose of this research was to examine the relationships between social capital, empowerment, and technology adoption in an entrepreneurial ecosystem in the haor region of Bangladesh by introducing Trajectory Equifinality Modeling (TEM) to the case studies of male and female entrepreneurs. The results of the TEM analysis clarified that social capital is critically important both for male and female entrepreneurs, and education is more important to women for empowerment and technology adoption in the haor region of Bangladesh. Although entrepreneurial activities have greatly improved the region's economic situation, performances among social groups significantly differ due to the level and quality of social capital and technology adoption. Therefore, our policy implication suggests the government should pay more attention to the socio-political transformation through social innovation and entrepreneurship along with economic growth. Specifically, it is important to empower women by providing them access to productive resources such as land, and official trade licenses for businesses and creating a safe environment to work outside.

DOI： 10.1007/s41685-022-00241-y

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPAN SECTION OF THE REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL  

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The purpose of this research is to clarify the mechanism of creating shared value in Japan's urban agriculture by focusing on the cognitive innovation of social entrepreneurship and urban residents' cognition and behavior toward urban agriculture. Specifically, we introduce a mixed methods approach by integrating a multiple case-based qualitative exploration method for clarifying the cognitive innovation of social entrepreneurship and a quantitative sociological approach to the authors' original questionnaire for analyzing the urban residents' cognition toward urban agriculture. The following results are obtained from our empirical analysis. First, the results of latent class analysis clarified that diversified cognition and behavior toward urban agriculture are existing in urban residents. Second, the results of case analysis clarified that social entrepreneurs with radical cognitive innovation and gradual cognitive innovation are able to solve social problems and enhance competency through urban agriculture with stakeholders. However, social entrepreneurs fallen into social dilemma of cognitive innovation should pay more attention to organizational learning while involving residents in urban agriculture. Policy implication drawn from the above-mentioned results suggests that a system change may happen when urban agriculture in Japan becomes more familiar to general urban residents through collective social entrepreneurship.

DOI： 10.1007/s41685-022-00233-y

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The purpose of this study is to clarify how diversity should be linked to human resource development for sustainable business management focusing on the issues related to securing and developing new farmers in Japanese agricultural corporations. Specifically, an analytical framework is constructed using concepts such as strategic human resource management (SHRM), corporate management strategy and diversity management (DM) as its constituent elements and HRM matching. We set 2 hypotheses in line with that framework and clarify these relationships trough verification of the hypotheses. "SHRM in the agricultural corporations have an impact on management performance through the corporate management strategy, HRM strategy, HRM matching, and DM (H1)." "DM is set by SHRM and is also affected by corporate management performance (H2)." To verify the hypotheses, qualitative research methods such as case study, structured interview and Trajectory Equifinality Model (TEM) are introduced in this paper.

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Other Link： https://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010941784

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In Shanghai, community gardens (CGs), as one of the means of urban renovation, not only beautify the environment, but also play an important role in promoting neighborhood relationships and building a harmonious society. The purpose of this study was to explore the perception and behavior of residents in Shanghai, China towards CGs and their satisfaction in the local life. A web-based questionnaire survey of Shanghai residents (including users and non-users of community gardens) was conducted and the results analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Based on the analytical results, we made the following conclusions. First, the socio-economic attributes that are particularly effective for participation in CGs include residential areas, farmland and social capital (participation in social organizations and relationships with the community). Second, a higher level of SC results in a higher level of engagement in and evaluation of CGs, a similar finding to previous studies. Thirdly, positive relationships between engagement in CGs and evaluation of CGs (WTP) were apparent. Fourthly, the evaluation of CGs (WTP) and the relationships with communities both show positive effects on satisfaction with the local life. However, CGs are still at an early stage of popularization in Shanghai and their users are limited to a small segment of the population at present. Furthermore, there is a gap between CG evaluation (potential use) and actual use in Shanghai. As the design and management methods of CGs are improved and a deeper involvement of urban residents in CGs occurs, their social capital and life satisfactions should be enhanced and a 'better city, better life' be realized from the perspective of sustainable urban development.

DOI： 10.1007/s41685-021-00219-2

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DOI： 10.2457/srs.52.197

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Although rice production adjustments were officially abolished in 2018, they still exist in the form of game equilibria and customary institutions in Japan. However, market-creating innovations are considered to be able to change the culture of the entire society, including the cognition of producers and consumers towards rice, rice products and rice cultivation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to clarify the necessity of rice policies for long-tail market-creating innovations in Japan. Specifically, structural equation modeling (SEM) and cognitive map analysis were introduced in a questionnaire survey of Japanese consumers. The following analytical results were obtained. First, rice policies that promote consumers' independent orientation for rice consumption including their potential needs about rice such as information, environment, packaging, safety, health, and various ways of eating, etc. are required. Second, Japan's rice market needs to be transformed from a short tail to a long tail through market-creating innovations. Finally, rice policies to promote the businesses conducted in partnership with consumers and local residents for "Creating Shared Value" through organizational learning and stakeholder management are also required.

DOI： 10.1007/s41685-021-00209-4

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：JAPAN SECTION OF THE REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL  

There have been many empirical studies on the entrepreneurship of start-ups mainly focusedon entrepreneurial motivations, and institutional and social factors. However, research on thefactors affecting the innovativeness of star-ups through comparative analysis between socialenterprises and commercial enterprises is scarce.

Social enterprises that execute a dual-mission to contribute towards the inclusive growth anddevelopment of the society have reached a scale of value added and employment in Japan sincethe 2000s. It is not easy for social enterprises to solve social problems and realize sustainabledevelopment of business through creating innovative products and services.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the socio-economic factors affecting the innovativenessof start-ups through comparative analysis between social enterprises and commercial enterprisesin Japan. Specifically, quantitative analytical methods such as exploratory and confirmatorymulti-variate analyses were applied to enterprise level micro-data based on the Survey on ActualConditions of Start-ups in 2013（ conducted by the Japan Finance Corporation Research Institute）.

We reached the following conclusions based on the analytical results. First, a highly innovativesocial enterprise has the same level of social attributes（ human capital）, endogenous motivation,and management ability as a highly innovative commercial enterprise. Secondly, highlyinnovative social enterprises have special factors in business strategies, internal labor marketmanagement and external networks compared to highly innovative commercial enterprises. Therefore, to promote the development of social enterprises in Japan, policies and support systemsthat match the characteristics of the social enterprise are necessary.

JEL Classifications:O35, L26, L31

DOI： 10.2457/srs.51.101

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The main purpose of this study was to clarify the role of social innovation for women’s empowerment in disaster risk governance by focusing on common interest groups (CIG) in the <i>haor</i> area of Bangladesh. We conducted key informant interviews (KII), a case study, and focus group discussions (FGD) with various stakeholders of Itna Union in the Kishoreganj District of Bangladesh to verify the following hypothesis. “CIG is an effective approach to empower women in poverty reduction and disaster risk governance through the creation of social innovation” (H1). The results clarified that socio-political transformation for the empowerment of women through the CIG approach is weak in the region even though change has begun. Thus, policy implications based on the analytical results suggest that the government should pay more attention to social innovation to reduce poverty and empower women in disaster risk governance while introducing a CIG approach.

JEL Classifications:J16, Q54

DOI： 10.2457/srs.51.145

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

This research clarifies the necessity to transform Japan’s rice policy toward the creation of innovation, particularly to market-creating innovation. We introduced two analytical methods in the research. One is a survey of existing research on Japan’s rice policy and innovation in paddy field management, and the other is the case analysis of innovation by focusing on the spread of rice flour and organic rice cultivation. We obtained the following conclusions from the analysis. Rice policy (pushing institutions) so far is not having the desired effects on creating and sustaining well-functioning system in Japan’s rice sector. Although rice production adjustment was officially abolished, it still exists in the form of game equilibrium and customary institutions. Even if there are structural reform conditions (liquidation measures) in the economic domain, a major innovation has not occur due to Peasantism as the cultural belief system was dominant in the political and social domains for institutions. Therefore, to change such a situation and realize a sustainable development of rice sector, a policy transformation toward innovation creation, particularly to ‘market-creating innovation’ is called for. In addition, it is important to consider innovation as a process of organizational learning that involves the drastic change of collective cognition among producers, consumers and governments. Market-creating innovations can change the culture of the entire society, including the cognition of producers and consumers toward rice, rice products and rice cultivation. Furthermore, policy for promoting environment-friendly rice cultivation should pay attention to the public concern over economic impacts on the quality of the global commons that implies de facto gradual transfer of environment rights from the corporate sector to the community at large.

DOI： 10.1007/s41685-020-00175-3

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the factors affecting famers’ performance in disaster risk management (DRM) at community level focusing on a haor area of Bangladesh. We introduced structural equation modeling (SEM) based on the results of authors’ designated questionnaire survey (face-to-face interview) targeting the farmers of Itna union in Kishoreganj district of Bangladesh, to verify our hypothesis “Farmers’ attributes, their level of social capital, and attitudes toward technology and training have impacts on their performance in disaster risk management at community level (H1)”. The results clarified that there are multi causal relationships among the factors affecting farmers’ performance in DRM, in which, the factors of gender, poverty, social capital and farmers’ attitudes toward technology and training are important in the haor area of Bangladesh. Therefore, we draw policy implication from the analytical results that it is necessary to recognize that the causes of poverty are strongly route-dependent in rural areas including the existence of gender discrimination and a low trust to government officials. Furthermore, we suggest to have DRM policies to consider poverty issue from a different lens and to pay attention to the investment in innovation and entrepreneurship.

DOI： 10.1007/s41685-020-00171-7

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

The purpose of this research is to examine the relationships among social entrepreneurship, social business (SB) and multiple functions of urban agriculture in Japan, by introducing the methodologies of SEM (structural equation modeling) and TEM (trajectory equifinality model). Following conclusions are obtained based on the analytical results. First, people who are thinking creatively (TC) with a high level of social capital pay attention to social business and prefer multiple functions of urban agriculture not only in megacities but also in designated cities. These people are assumed to have a high level of social entrepreneurship as well. Second, social business develops through the virtuous cycle of social institutions, social entrepreneurship and social business. Among the social institutions, social capitals are important both in the beginning of SB establishment and in the processes of business development. Policy implication drawn from the research suggests that the government should provide opportunities to create a virtuous cycle between social institutions, social entrepreneurship and social business, especially to improve the accumulation of social capital, in order to attract the TCs who have a high level of social entrepreneurship and solve the problems through social business such as agriculture-related businesses.

DOI： 10.1007/s41685-020-00154-8

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPAN SECTION OF THE REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL  

<p> In Japan, Consumer Cooperatives （Co-op）, particularly the regional Co-ops that supply safe, secure and high-quality food to consumers, play an important role in the development of Japanese food systems. Members of Co-ops participating in the business operation at various levels are also consumers. However, studies on Co-ops from the viewpoints of both theoretical and empirical economics analyses, especially in corporate governance, are not sufficient.</p><p> Therefore, in this paper, we aim to clarify the role of Co-ops in the development of food systems in Japan and their dynamics in quality-enhancing innovation empirically from the view of corporate governance. First, we present a new analytical framework for economic theory considering the service innovation in Co-ops and driving forces based on the synthesis of the theories of industrial organization and corporate governance. Next, we will empirically clarify the factors for development of the Co-ops based on financial data and a survey on the members' consciousness. Finally, we derive policy implications on the roles and tasks of Co-ops in the sustainable development of food system based on the analytical results.</p><p> Based on the theoretical consideration and analytical results so far, following three points about the role of Co-ops in the sustainable development of food systems can be pointed out. First, Japanese Co-ops contribute to sustainable development of food system through promoting and securing food safety. Secondly, the governance model of Japanese Co-ops is clarified to be the model of quasi-multi stakeholder and there is the positive correlation among the cooperative management of members, the formation of social capital and the satisfaction level of members. Therefore, the improvement of cooperative governance contributes to the innovation in quality of food products.</p><p> Finally, the behavior and the performance of Japanese Co-ops are closely related to the structure of regional food market. The environment surrounding the competitive relationships among regional Co-ops and between Co-ops and food retailers not only affects the performance of each Co-ops but also the entire regional food market.</p><p>JEL Classifications: Q10, M10</p>

DOI： 10.2457/srs.49.199

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The purpose of this study is to clarify quantitatively the entrepreneurship in the farm business by analyzing the factors that influence the diversification of business. There are various forms of diversification of agricultural management, but this study focuses on farm product processing and direct sales to consumers, which are the dominant types of business diversification in Japanese agriculture. Business diversification is expected not only to improve the profitability of the agricultural management but also to revitalize rural regions. However, in recent years, the business diversification of farms has been sluggish in Japan. Business diversification of farms is assumed to be determined by entrepreneurship, agricultural structure, natural and socio-economic conditions. Therefore, in this study, we estimate a model that explains the level of business diversification from the regional agricultural structure and natural and socio-economic conditions. Then, the level of entrepreneurship in the region is grasped based on the residual in the estimation. The entrepreneurship in the region is assumed to be affected by social capital. Then, we clarify the effect of social capital in the communities on the entrepreneurship in the region. The main data used is the panel data by the municipality of the agricultural census and socioeconomic statistics for 2010 and 2015. Finally, based on the analysis results, derive policy implications for the promotion of farm business and rural economy.

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Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/10191/00051510

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Most of people agree that a sustainable city should meet the needs of the present generation without sacrificing the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. However, there remains no completely agreed upon the definition for what a sustainable city should be, or completely agreed upon the paradigm for what components should be included. On the other hand, there is a possibility that the cities where people can enjoy the multi-functionality produced by urban agriculture attract the people who are called creative classes (CCs), especially those who are thinking creatively (TC) with high level of social capital, and it contributes to the sustainability and creativity of cities. The purpose of this research is to examine the relationships among creative class, the multi-functionality of agriculture and social business in Japan by focusing on Niigata City (one of the designated cities).Multi-method approach will be introduced in the research for verifying our hypotheses, such as the structural equation modeling (SEM) by using authors' original questionnaire survey data targeting at the residents, and the case studies by using TEM (Trajectory Equifinality Model) from the good practices improving the amenity of urban agriculture in Niigata City. Urban policy targeting the people who are thinking creatively (TC) to be actively involved in social business in order to take advantage of multifunctionality of urban agriculture (MFUA) will also be proposed based on the analytical results.

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Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/10191/00051509

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPAN SECTION OF THE REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL  

<p> In recent years, the phenomenon of "Winner takes all" has been pointed out as a tendency of new urbanization （Florida, 2017）. In other words, in some cities （superstar cities）, population/economic scale, number of start-ups due to venture investment, number of millionaire, etc. are overwhelming other cities, concentration of wealth is occurring. On the other hand, the original urban residents are driven to the suburbs and are becoming marginalized （Gentrification）. In order to survive fierce global competition and realize its high creativity, cities are making policies to attract creative classes （CCs） and at the same time to involve the social weak （low income, elderly, disabled people, social minorities, etc.） into the process of development to achieve sustainability. In particular, to solve the social problems that global cities have, social innovation from the viewpoint of social business related to urban agriculture created by CCs such as urban agricultural creators seems to be effective.</p><p> The purpose of this research is to clarify the relationship between multi-functionality of urban agriculture （MFUA） as city amenity and creative classes （CCs） for Tokyo and Shanghai which are two global cities in Asia. Specifically, based on existing studies on creative classes （CC）, multi-functionality of agriculture （MFA）, social capital （SC） and social business （SB）, we constructed a model showing that these factors contribute to the sustainability of global cities, and verified the model through the covariance structure model （SEM） analysis using the authors' original questionnaire survey targeting the residents in the two cities. In addition to creative classes based on traditional creative occupations, we also focused on CC based on Creative Thinking, their orientation toward multi-functionality of agriculture and the relationship with social capital, and how they engage in social business. </p><p> The following results are obtained from our analysis. First, the creative classes （both creative occupation and creative thinking） in Tokyo and Shanghai prefer multi-functionality of agriculture than non-CC （Hypothesis 1）, such tendency is more strongly evident in Tokyo. Secondly, people who are creative thinking in both cities have a high level of social capital （Hypothesis 2）, and strong willingness to participate in social business （Hypothesis 3）. Based on the analytical results, we draw the implication for urban policies to facilitate CC （both creative occupation and creative thinking） to actively participate in the social businesses by making full use of multi-functionality of agriculture in order to solve the social problems in global cities.</p><p>JEL Classification:R11</p>

DOI： 10.2457/srs.50.73

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This study clarified the effects of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial environment on the new firm formation rate by structural equation modeling using the data of 47 prefectures in Japan. The results of analysis suggest following findings. Entrepreneurship is activated by population density and bridging social capital but deactivated by income, unemployment rate, and bonding social capital. As for promoting new firm formation, population density has a large influence on new firm formation, but unemployment rate does not simply affect new firm formation due to the cross-interaction among regional and individual factors. Bonding social capital has negative effects on new firm formation, although bridging social capital has positive effects. Furthermore, gender and age affect entrepreneurship as economic and social factors but their indirect effects on new firm formation are limited. Measures promoting new firm formation should be designed according to the types of working status, because entrepreneurship is related with working status. Finally, it is requested to facilitate the social condition for encouraging the female and aged people to participate in business activities.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationships among multi-functionality of urban agriculture, the creative classes (CCs) and social capital Shanghai in China. To verify our three hypotheses, we introduced two methodologies of spatial econometrics analysis and structural equation modeling using published statistical data and authors’ original questionnaire survey data targeting at the residents in Shanghai City. Firstly, “The CCs prefer MFA more than non-CC as well as the TC (thinking creatively) more than non-TC” (H1) was verified in the case of Shanghai mega region, and that those who were thinking creatively both in CCs and non-CC preferred MFA more than the others was verified in the case of Shanghai City. Secondly, “The CCs have a high level of social capital” (H2) was also verified. However, “The CCs prefer diversified lifestyles” (H3) could not be verified directly in the case of Shanghai City, because the CCs (both creative occupation and thinking creatively) prefer the same lifestyle of ‘self-actualization’. Finally, to realize an efficient, inclusive and sustainable urbanization, policy implication drawn from the research encourages the city leaders to pay more attention to the multi-functionality of urban agriculture on the effects of attracting the residence of CCs (both creative occupation and thinking creatively).

DOI： 10.1007/s41685-019-00107-w

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The main purpose of the study is to clarify the relationship between Rural and Agricultural Development and Human Resource Development in Russian Federation since 2000s. In order to achieve our purpose, the methodologies of Data Envelopment Analysis, Stochastic Frontier Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling are used to verify our hypotheses in the paper. Analytical results from the research clarified that agricultural development in Russia has made a significant progress since 2000s, it has improved the nation’s food security and rural development, especially since 2010, a positive relationship between agricultural development and human resource development has increased. However, rural and agricultural development in Russia has been uneven across regions; some regions such as Siberian Federal District has left behind the development. It also clarified that structural changes in the agricultural sector have impacts not only on agriculture but also on rural development. Although, agricultural enterprises remain important role in the agricultural performance among others, and its impact on human capital couldn’t be clarified. Policy implications drawn from the research both for the central and regional governments indicated that rural and agricultural development in Russia should pay more attention to Human Resource Development and Rural Development when considering food security in a long-term perspective. Especially the impact of structural changes in agriculture sector on the human capital in rural areas needs careful analysis.

DOI： 10.1007/s12076-019-00228-y

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The purpose of this study is to build a model on the relationship between multi-functionality of urban agriculture (MFA) and the creative classes (CCs) focusing on those who are thinking creatively (TC) through examining Tokyo metropolis in Japan. The impacts of multi-functionality of urban agriculture on the CCs are clarified empirically based on a questionnaire survey targeting at the residents in Tokyo. The results of questionnaire survey clarified that multi-functionality of urban agriculture are preferred by the CCs especially those who are TC. Furthermore, among the CCs, those who are TC have a high level of social capital (SC) and are favorable to diversified lifestyle as well. Therefore, it is concluded that the multi-functionality of urban agriculture has positive impacts on the residence of the creative classes with a high level of SC and the diversity of lifestyle which is thought to be important for the development of cities. Policy implication drawn from the research encourages the city leaders to put more attention on the MFA in Japan, because it is favorable to the CCs especially those who are thinking creatively.

DOI： 10.1007/s41685-018-0076-2

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DOI： 10.10007/s41685-017-0035-3

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Section of the Regional Science Association International  

Although Japanese agriculture faces serious issues such as aging and decreasing farmers, the number of people working in the farming sector with employment in agricultural corporations is increasing. On the other hand, agricultural corporations in Japan face problems of workers quitting their jobs at an early stage of employment, this indicates there exists a mismatch of employment in the agricultural corporations. However, existing studies on Human Resource Management in Japan mainly focus on the consciousness of managers and employees in agricultural corporations, although it is necessary to understand job candidates for the agricultural corporations to reduce the problems in mismatches. Therefore, the aim of this study was to clarify the characteristics of attributes and motivation toward work in job candidates at agricultural corporations by analyzing the results of an interview survey, group-interview and questionnaire survey with simple and cross tabulations and quantitative analysis. The following analytical results were obtained. First, job candidates for agricultural corporations as a whole have “Personal intentions” and “Work-Life balance intentions” as motivation to work. However, the results from career intention show that candidates who want to be an independent farm manager have “Search intentions” and “Challenge intentions”. Candidates who want to be a manager of an agricultural corporation have “Search intentions” and “Personal intentions”. Candidates who want to engage in farm work have “Work-Life balance intentions”. In contrast, candidates who want to obtain a job have “Passive and Stable intentions”. Additionally, from the results of the quantitative analysis on significant differences in previous employment, agricultural experience, social insurance and request for working hours for candidates who have definite purposes were obtained. Furthermore, significant differences in agricultural experience, sustainability of management, support for independence, vacation days and work values for candidates who want to be an independent farm manager, want to join management and want to engage in farm work were also obtained as well. Based on the results discussed above, we conclude the management side of agricultural corporations need to check the mismatchs between strategy for employment and consciousness of job candidates to provide effective HRM policies and practices for improving problem of mismatch in agricultural corporations. However, the results of the interview-survey clarified that government projects lack long-term perspective toward employment and human resource cultivation in agricultural corporations.

DOI： 10.2457/srs.45.257

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Section of the Regional Science Association International  

The aim of this study was to draw policy implications by clarifying the consciousness structure of local residents towards participation in community based management of CAR with implementation of MCILWE.Two analytical methods were introduced in the study. First, the consciousness of residents was analyzed based on the results of a questionnaire survey undertaken in Niigata Prefecture.Second, person-to-person interviews from two recommended cases were carried out to supplement the analytical results based on the questionnaire survey. The aim of this study was to draw policy implications by clarifying the consciousness structure of local residents towards participation in community based management of CAR (Common-Agricultural-Resources) under the implementation of MCILWE(Measures to Conserve and Improve Land, Water and Environment). Two analytical methods were introduced in the study. First, the consciousness of residents was analyzed based on the results of a questionnaire survey undertaken in Niigata Prefecture. Second, person-to-person interview surveys from two recommended cases were carried out to supplement the analysis of the results based on the questionnaire survey. The following results were obtained from the analysis. First, along with the participation in collective actions, resident understanding for the necessity of maintenance and management of CAR increased. This should be taken into consideration to promote extensive participation in the future. Next, participation in collective actions is expected not only to promote the maintenance and management of the resources, but also lead to potential activation of joint collective actions in local areas. Furthermore, the results of the questionnaire showed that human resource development by foster community leaders from the local area(including women and young people) in the continuation of regional initiatives is an important issue. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of the local area and regional leadership responding to the changes in the external environment, utilizing various kinds of knowledge of the participants and their experiences, and accumulating the social capital between residents and agricultural corporations to fulfill their potential for implementation of MCILWE and maintenance and management of CAR for the realization of sustainable regional development are considered to be absolutely necessary.

DOI： 10.2457/srs.45.471

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The purpose of this study is to assess the potential of clustering in the development of agriculture and rural communities in China. First, case studies are used to clarify issues involving cluster initiatives and business environments. The second method consists of quantitatively analyzing the relationship between business collaborations among companies and economic performance. The results of the analyses of agricultural clusters in China in this study suggest that clusters do achieve certain positive results in the way of development in the agricultural sector and rural communities. However, it also suggests that a shift from intra-industry to inter-industry business collaboration will be necessary for the sustained development of those clusters.

DOI： 10.1007/978-4-431-55282-6_10

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Part of collection (book)   Publisher：Springer Japan  

This study aims to clarify empirically the policy issues for regional innovation focusing on the "health-related industry cluster" in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. More specifically, it clarifies the situation of the "health-related industry cluster" and the impacts of spatiality of knowledge flow on the regional innovation system based on an interview survey of the intermediate organizations and a questionnaire investigation targeting the members of the cluster. Additionally, it identifies the relationship between inter-firm cognitive distance and innovation creation based on the analysis of annual security reports of three leading companies in the cluster using text mining method. Finally, it draws policy implications for the strategy of regional innovation based on the analytical results and points out the tasks for future research.

DOI： 10.1007/978-4-431-55282-6_9

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPAN SECTION OF THE REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL  

In Japan, the society has undergone rapid aging and falling birthrates, and issues for solving problems of health and improving quality of life have become diversified and complicated. For realizing sustainability of regional development, the issues of innovative creation has become urgent along with the progress of globalization and tightening constraints on the environment and resources. <br>This study aimed to build a theoretical model for regional innovation based on the strategy of collaborative advantage and empirically clarify the policy issues for regional innovation focusing on the "health-related industry cluster" in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. More specifically, we clarified the situation of the "health-related industry cluster" and impacts of spatiality on knowledge flow in the regional innovation system based on interview surveys of intermediate organizations and questionnaires targeting the members of the cluster. Additionally, we identified the relationships between cognitive distance of inter-firms and innovation creation based on the analysis of annual security reports of three leading companies in the cluster using the TF-IDF (Term Frequency-Inverted Document Frequency) method. Finally, we draw policy implications for strategies of regional innovation based on the analytical results.<br><br>JEL Classification:O30, R58

DOI： 10.2457/srs.44.495

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JLC/20011541613?from=CiNii

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DOI： 10.11300/fmsj.52.1-2_43

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DOI： 10.17265/1548-6591/2014.04.001

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Section of the Regional Science Association International  

The economic growth of China over the decades has brought major changes to the country’s supply and demand structure for food. In recent years, China has remarkably witnessed not only becoming a food supply source for foreign countries, but also a huge market for food consumption from other countries. In this paper, we firstly analyze the present situation of the food system in China and clarify its influence on the agriculture industry and the entire food system before and after accession to the WTO. Secondly, we analyze the influence of China’s accession to the WTO on the agriculture and food industries of Asia with an international input-output table. Finally, we draw policy implications for building international cooperative relationships among Asian countries based on the above analysis.

DOI： 10.2457/srs.44.41

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Section of the Regional Science Association International  

Recently in Japan, agriculture has a significant potential to exert multi-functionality despite its small share in the GDP of town economies, because the interdependent and cooperative relationships (both direct and indirect) among residents are formed through not only consuming agricultural products and sharing the same space with the agricultural sector, but also by enjoying multi-functionality Therefore, a new understanding about the role of agriculture has great significance for town-reinvention. However, since agriculture in a town generally consists of not only homogeneous farmers but also a large number of various stakeholders, the shape of agriculture in the reinvention of a town needs to be drawn after clarifying the consciousness of the stakeholders toward agriculture based on the social and economic relationships among them. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to introduce a new approach of "strategic regional agricultural development" into the process of city (town) reinvention, specifically based on the results of a questionnaire about the consciousness of residents of Seiro Town (Seiro-machi) in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. The future course and policy implications for realizing "attractive agriculture" in the town by identifying the structure and causal relationship of attractiveness formation were clarified. © (JSRSAI) 2013.

DOI： 10.2457/srs.43.241

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Section of the Regional Science Association International  

This paper intends to examine how the social environment has changed in international agricultural cooperation from the viewpoint of international food system theory. Subsequently the "knowledge creation theory", which has made significant progress in the field of economics, and the life cycle theory are integrated based on the theoretical foundation in industrial cluster theory to explore the possibilities and issues in knowledge creation (including development of human resources) in international cooperation in agriculture. It concluded that the significance of international agricultural cooperation lies in the creation of new knowledge by each researcher and institution through cooperation, and the significance of that cooperation becomes evident when agricultural issues are solved through innovation as a result of knowledge creation. Furthermore, if international cooperation in agriculture aspires to attain the situation where relevant entities such as universities and research institutions cooperate and compete globally, then an innovation induction principle in global "industrial clusters" which bear a similar relationship, or the knowledge creation framework based on the principle of cooperation supremacy, will be effective. Hence this paper would like to look at the direction of research in international agricultural cooperation as an issue of "knowledge governance" in addition to knowledge supply in knowledge creation.

DOI： 10.2457/srs.43.79

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Farm Management Society of Japan  

DOI： 10.11300/fmsj.50.1_58

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Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/10191/30506

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DOI： 10.18999/jouica.12.8

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This study reconsidered the issue of regional planning from the perspective of a new relationship between multi-functionality of agriculture and community-based business. The following three aspects were clarified using a questionnaire survey of residents in Niigata City, Japan. First, the causal relationship between urbanization and the residents' quality of life was analyzed. Second, the determinants for overall evaluation of urban residents in agriculture and farmland were clarified. Third, the determinative factors of residents' intentions for community-based business were clarified. From the results of the above analyses, we found that residents in Niigata City have high expectations for the roles of agriculture in providing environmental amenities, accumulation of social capital and management of local resources. It became evident that the basic elements for the improvement of the residents' quality of life were closely related to the functions of agriculture. Moreover, the degree of urbanization, the assessments of agriculture/farmland, the level of abundance of regional resources particularly human-network and social capital and their types have important effects on promoting communitybased businesses. It was also discovered that, in terms of preferred fields of business, the residents gave high ratings to issues related to the environment, culture, scenery, and education. This suggests the promotion of community-based and farming-related businesses linked with the multiple functions of the environment, culture, scenery, education, etc., can be an effective strategy for regional planning. © JSRSAI 2012.

DOI： 10.2457/srs.42.317

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Farm Management Society of Japan  

For making competitive and sustainable farm businesses, it is necessary to continuously acquire new laborers and to develop their capabilities through effective human resource management (HRM). However, Japanese agriculture is facing a shrinking and aging labor force and a decrease in the number of new farmers. However, the number of employed farmers, such as employees in agricultural corporations, is increasing, and many of these employed farmers are relatively young and from non-farm households. Therefore, strategies to keep newly employed farmers in the agricultural sector are necessary in order to solve labor problems. In addition, the mechanisms of facilitating human resources that increases the competitiveness of Japanese agriculture and make it sustainable need to be clarified as well. Nevertheless, human resource development in this context means not only having employees engaged in farming, but also finding ways to develop their individual capabilities, and helping them become farm managers through training and experience.<br/>     This study sets the following three research objectives in order to clarify the problem of HRM using a questionnaire survey conducted by the National Chamber of Agriculture.<br/>     First, we statistically clarify the characteristics of employees and the HRM of agricultural corporations. Secondarily, we estimate a model which explains the relationship between employees turnover rate and the HRM of agricultural corporations. Thirdly, we derive some policy implications. The following major findings were obtained.<br/>     Although the improvement of HRM has the potential to decrease employee turnover rates in agricultural corporations, the existing HRM in agricultural corporations in Japan is effective in terms of the government-dependent acquisition of employees and the training of employees to do simple tasks. HRM is less effective in providing training so that employees are capable of working at management positions and taking on diverse kinds of work. Therefore in order to increase the competitiveness of the Japanese agricultural sector and make it sustainable, a priority should be placed in HRM on training managers as well as on bestowing diverse skills.

DOI： 10.11300/fmsj.49.1_13

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Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/10191/30508

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The present paper aims to analyze the network structure of food sub-cluster through a case study of health-related industry clustering in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. First, an outline of the policy and market trends of health-related industries in Japan is summarized, and a survey of existing research on business alliance and network formation is presented. Next, the transaction network among member enterprises of the cluster conference initiated by private companies aiming to develop health-related industries is analyzed. The following analytical results were obtained. First, we clarified that this cluster still existed at the early stages of the cluster formation through analysis of the transactional relationship among the conference member enterprises. Therefore, the effect of knowledge creation and spillover closely related to the generation of innovations after a certain period must be verified in the future. Moreover, as a result of the analysis on the structure of the transaction network among the food manufacturing companies, the main industry of the cluster, the existence of the network of a small-world type is considered to induce efficient distribution of knowledge and information, and productive activities are unable to be confirmed. However, we clarified that the core enterprises that were considered to form a food sub-cluster within the health-related industrial cluster take the strategy of global-local activity, i.e. selling their products to the domestic markets in metropolitan areas while remaining located in their local place in Niigata Prefecture, and developing an overseas market as a result of the classification of the network community. In other words, a new health-related industry is being created by catching the public needs for health, and attractiveness of the food industry is being simultaneously increased through competition and cooperation among the core enterprises. Finally, in the future, it is necessary to verify the most effective ways for business alliance and structure for networks that correspond to the developmental of the industrial cluster through interview surveys and quantitative analyses based on the original surveys to determine the ideal way for regional development under globalization.

DOI： 10.2457/srs.41.1055

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In the present study, both the importance of intangible asset succession and "ba" as the place of knowledge creation in succession management of agriculture were clarified through the analysis of two cases where the management of succession became a problem and where the management of succession to the third party has succeeded in a short term. However, when the intangible assets are passed on to the employee, not only the skills are transmitted, but also the manager should transmit the corporate principles at the same time. This is possible through the formation of "ba" and changing the organization into an institution of study. Therefore, the formation of "ba for study becomes a first step in the personnel training as a manager. Nevertheless, there are three problems left in the present study. First is the method for extracting tacit knowledge. Tacit knowledge must be extracted from concrete work of each administrative function and verified because both explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge exist in each administrative function. Second is the classification of tacit knowledge because there are two kinds of tacit knowledge, one converted from tacit to tacit and the other converted from tacit to explicit. Third is clarification of the influence that industrial clusters have on the management of succession in agriculture. Generally, cluster formation is expected to be advantageous for securing various talents. Therefore, whether a cluster for securing a successor of farm management can be obtained must be verified. These are important research topics for the future.

DOI： 10.2457/srs.41.943

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DOI： 10.17265/2161-6256/2010.01A.002

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In recent years, with the aging of farm households and an increase in the number of non-farm households, it is becoming increasingly difficult for farm households alone to maintain and manage the common-pool resources (CPRs) in the farm villages of Japan. Therefore, cooperation between beneficiaries including non-farm households is desirable. However such cooperation may be difficult to achieve, because the participation of non-farm households in the management of such resources causes a diversification of stakeholders. The purpose of this research was to clarify the mechanisms involved in the management of CPRs through the identification of determinants for activities to manage agricultural irrigation and drainage channels to find appropriate ways for maintenance and management of the common-pool resources (CPRs) in rural area. First, we review both the theoretical and empirical studies on the issue of CPRs and set up the management problem of the irrigation facilities in the Nishi-Kanbara region of Niigata Prefecture, Japan as part of the analysis for the framework of a social-ecology system. Second, we clarify the mechanisms for management of CPRs by identifying data from Niigata Prefecture at the rural community-level based on the analytical framework presented by Kiminami. Finally, a policy for the management of CPRs and future research agenda are indicated. As a further extension of the study, it was necessary to consider that the management of common-pool resources in the region are actually performed in light of several concurrent interactions between public infrastructures (institutions and physical infrastructures), social capital, resource users, public infrastructure providers, and the resources, and to examine the policy of the framework. Therefore, analysis of the influence of the policy based on both individual decision making processes and management activities at the community level was deemed necessary as a future research task. © 2010, JAPAN SECTION OF THE REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.2457/srs.40.173

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In this study, the actual conditions of a business alliance in food-related industries, its influence on the performance of enterprises and the role of research institutions and administrative bodies were clarified by an analysis based on the results of a questionnaire survey for both Heilongjiang Province of China and Niigata Prefecture of Japan. First, from the analysis of food related companies, it was clarified that a business alliance is developed based on the business environment and the management strategies of the companies, and contributes to the performance of the company by encouraging innovation. Second, from the analysis of the research institutions, it was shown that if these institutions only stay with the purchase of the information etc., even when participating in the network, a business alliance seldom leads to a technology transfer and technological development no matter how high the expectations for making the study results a business. Third, from the analysis on the administrative bodies, it was clarified that the approach for the “Industry Accumulative Development” policy developed by the district installation was not widely advanced, and the realities revealed an insufficient innovation in the development district installation. In conclusion, based on the above mentioned analytical results, constructing a network by promoting business alliances between enterprises, and forming an industrial cluster can be effective cluster strategies. © 2010, JAPAN SECTION OF THE REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.2457/srs.40.449

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：THE ASSOCIATION OF RURAL PLANNING  

Purposes of this study are to clarify 1)the determinant factors of residents' participation for collective management of rural common-pool resources considering the subjective evaluation by the residents and 2)the effect of residents' participation behavior on the accumulation of social capital. Analyzing the piece vote data of the questionnaire survey about the conservation policy of land, water and environment in Niigata prefecture, it is clarified that the determinant factors of residents' participation are the residents' evaluation on the multi-functionality of agriculture, intention for the type of social capital and personal attribute, and residents' evaluation on the effect of the conservation policy on social capital accumulation increases as the level of residents' participation increases.

DOI： 10.2750/arp.28.121

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Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/10191/30346

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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DOI： 10.17265/1537-1514/2009.01.005

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DOI： 10.1108/17544400910934324

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The existing meanings of urban agriculture are advocated in recent years both in developed and developing countries. With rapid urbanization, many farmlands of urban areas in China have been diverted for industrial development. However, protection of urban agricultural land and continuation of urban agriculture has gained more momentum in recent years. This is against the background of increasing food safety and environmental protection consciousness from both urban residents and government. The functions of urban agriculture are beginning to be reviewed. This paper aims to discuss the existing meanings of urban agriculture by analyzing related policies on urban agriculture and farmland in China and the consciousness of urban residents toward the functions of urban agriculture. First, through the analysis of related policies on urban agriculture and farmland in China, the focus of urban agriculture and farmland policies is shown to be changing. Second, the assessment of urban residents toward the functions of urban agriculture was analyzed based on the results of internet-questionnaires of residents from both Shanghai and Harbin. The following analytical results were obtained. The functions of urban agriculture expected by the residents of Shanghai and Harbin differ due to different urban problems brought by different levels of development. Furthermore, the impacts of urban agriculture on the quality of life in the two cities are also different. Last, this questionnaire was conducted through the internet and most answers were from individuals between 20-30 years old of age. Therefore, the results of this study should consider this point when it is used for policy making and additional investigations are necessary in the near future. © 2009, JAPAN SECTION OF THE REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.2457/srs.39.1027

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED  

Purpose - The purposes of this paper are to examine the actual conditions of the problems of poverty in rural areas in Inner Mongolia, to clarify the problems involved in the measure to fight poverty through promotion of dairy farming and to propose policies for future measures to fight poverty
Design/methodology/approach - Both quantitative and qualitative analyses are employed, such as the estimation of production functions of agriculture in Inner Mongolia over the period 1998-2004, the interview analysis and questionnaire survey for case studies The different roles that three models play in poverty reduction such as the government assistant dairy farming, the enterprise entry dairy farming, and the multiple management dairy farming are discussed
Findings - The paper confirms the growth of the corporate-participating dairy farming contributes significantly to the development of the regions. It also clarifies the problem of the government-aided dairy farming with its low profitability caused by insufficient input of fodder and the necessity to select management policies according to the natural conditions and resources available in individual regions, such as a shift toward recycling-oriented beef cattle management in multiple dairy farming
Originality/value - The paper adds insight into the promotion of dairy farming and poverty reduction in Inner Mongolia

DOI： 10.1108/17561370910915384

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Although the birthrate of Niigata Prefecture is relatively high compared to other regions in Japan, the aging problem is still advanced due to the outflow of younger people from the region. Nevertheless, the social mobility of the population can be explained by Tiebout's “voting with one's feet”, meaning that people migrate to a municipality where their preferences for living can be well-satisfied. In other words, regional planning is required to accord the preferences of residents relative to both their current and future residence. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the residents' consciousness about urban development and urban functions by using piece vote data obtained from the questionnaire survey executed by Niigata City Government. It focuses on the difference of residents' consciousness among and within generations. The following conclusions were made. First, the urban functions and the size of the city affect resident's preference for their current residence. The urban functions are strengthened by urban development, and the size of the city is controlled by urban development. Second, the direction is determined by city planning, and preference for the present residence influences the planning and the preferences of future residents. Finally, it is necessary to consider that the residents' consciousness is not determined by age but by life stage, not by occupation but by economic activity, not by sex but by gender, and not by the residential area but by scope of activity and location. Therefore, when implementing city planning, specifying the key factors for consensus building in the region that is behind the attributes becomes critical important. © 2009, JAPAN SECTION OF THE REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.2457/srs.39.783

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Generally, trade-off exists between regional development and nature conservation over the environmental preservation of wetlands due to the differences in consideration and interest between stake-holders. It causes friction and develops into the collision at times. Therefore, how the regional resource is managed and used, and who bears the cost become problems. This research analyzes the consideration structure between stake-holders including the local populace of Sakata Lagoon that is the Ramsar Convention registration wetland. It also clarifies the process how the resident's consideration to the Wise-use of the lagoon is being settled towards a constant directionality.

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Generally, food policy is expected to play important roles to ensure food security and to cope with structural changes in food consumption. This research attempts to clarify changes in food consumption in China as the wealth gap expands with extremely high-speed economic growth. First of all, the influence of economic growth on food consumption was analyzed by taking the wealth gap into consideration. Secondly, the actual situation of consumer behavior and the factors of brand selection for rice consumption were clarified through a case study of Shanghai by use of a 'questionnaire survey', 'food tasting' and 'group discussions'. Thirdly, the actual situation of food consumption in the poorest households was clarified by investigating the effects and problems of the Food Assistance Program in Shanghai. Finally, the relations between the economic developmental stage and the patterns of food consumption were modeled, and an appropriate food policy corresponding to consumer diversification under the economic growth was proposed by synthesizing the above analyses.

DOI： 10.2457/srs.38.921

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In this research, the realities of the approach of Japan Agriculture Cooperatives (JA) on elder care business analyzed by taking JA Echigo as the case study. The problem on the nursing site and the tasks to the sustainability of the business were clarified through the questionnaire survey to the care manager and the helper (nursing member) and interview investigation to person related to the business. First of all, all members of those who answered the questionnaire survey intended for the care manager were recognized the difference of the quality of the caring plan. Moreover, the improvement of the nursing technology was necessary both for the visiting helper and the day-care center helper, and the necessity of the improvement of basic manners was recognized by the day-care center helper. Finally, it was clarified that a fine support is requested in order to secure the sustainability of the business, because more than the half of the visiting helper had worry concerning "Method and content of nursing" and "Communications with the user" and most of the day-care center helper had worry concerning "Interpersonal relationship of the office".

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Land improvement projects are implemented with government subsidies. Among the reasons for this are the externalities of the economic effects of such projects and the fact that these projects have the aspect of public goods. Moreover, land improvements have a feature of the non-exclusive goods, which makes these projects difficult to implement with market-based transactions alone. At the same time, Japanese people's demands for the functions provided by agriculture and rural communities are changing in the past few years. Regarding the effects of land improvements, multiple functions are also being sought. Furthermore, the aging of existing land improvement facilities, co-mingling of non-farming households in rural areas, and the diminishing ability of farming households to maintain and manage land improvement facilities due to sluggish regional agriculture are now considered new challenges. Thus, encouraging the participation of community residents, including members of non-farming households, has become important in the planning and implementation of projects. However, reaching a consensus among diverse stakeholders is not expected to be easy. This study attempts to reveal the formation of perception structure among farm households about land improvement projects. It also draws policy implications for an effective rural planning.

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The role of urban agriculture is highly valued in both developed and developing countries. Urban agriculture is an important aspect of the wider issue of urban sustainability. However, it is considered to be a possible threat to the sustainability of cities, while at the same time it is considered to greatly contribute to sustainable urban development. In this research, sustainability of urban agriculture will be discussed through a comparative analysis of Tokyo and Shanghai by using an Internet survey method. The function of urban agriculture expected by local residents and its relationship with urban development will be clarified. Furthermore, the effects of urban agriculture on the welfare of residents will also be considered from an economic viewpoint. © 2007, JAPAN SECTION OF THE REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.2457/srs.37.585

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Recently, plan making for community participation and requests to approach a consensus on building have risen in urban planning in Japan. At the same time, plan making for large areas intended for both urban and rural areas has become a new task with progress in consolidation of municipalities. Therefore diversification of the consciousness of residents about the plan and an increase in the number of stakeholders is expected through expansion of the plan area. This research attempts to clarify the consciousness of the residents of Niigata City about city planning. It also draws some policy implications for community participation and consensus building during the plan making processes. © 2007, JAPAN SECTION OF THE REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.2457/srs.37.1109

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Land improvement projects are implemented with government subsidies. Among the reasons for this are the externalities of the economic effects of such projects and the fact that these projects have the aspect of public goods. Moreover, land improvements have a feature of the non-exclusive goods, which makes these projects difficult to implement with market-based transactions alone. At the same time, Japanese people's demands for the functions provided by agriculture and rural communities are changing in the past few years. Regarding the effects of land improvements, multiple functions are also being sought. Furthermore, the aging of existing land improvement facilities, co-mingling of non-farming households in rural areas, and the diminishing ability of farming households to maintain and manage land improvement facilities due to sluggish regional agriculture are now considered new challenges. Thus, encouraging the participation of community residents, including members of non-farming households, has become important in the planning and implementation of projects. However, reaching a consensus among diverse stakeholders is not expected to be easy. This study attempts to reveal the formation of perception structure among farm households about land improvement projects. It also draws policy implications for an effective rural planning. © 2006, JAPAN SECTION OF THE REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.2457/srs.36.839

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Urban agriculture in Japan has the problems such as reduction in farmland, aging of farmers, expansion of abandoned cultivated land and environmental pollution by stock raising waste or agricultural chemicals. Similarly, urban side has various social and environmental problems as well, for instance, the problems of garbage, river management, food safety, natural environment, etc. Function of urban agriculture is not only to supply agricultural goods but also to create landscapes, to ensure land conservation and sustainable management of renewable natural resources and to provide environmental benefits such as conservation of biodiversity. Therefore, urban agriculture can contribute to improve urban quality of life through supplying local public goods. Sustainability of urban agriculture is composed of three elements, i.e. : economic efficiency, sociality and environment protection. The relative importance of three elements changes along with regions and times, and the balance among them is always called for. The contribution of agriculture to the urban quality of life links to the sustainability of urban agriculture. Therefore, the sustainability of urban agriculture can be realized by building cooperative and bidirectional relations between the urban residents who highly concern about agriculture, food safety and environmental issues and the farmers who concern about sociality and environment protection. © 2006, JAPAN SECTION OF THE REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.2457/srs.36.305

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Urban and peripheral agriculture (UPA) is one of the critical factors when urban sustainability is taken into consideration. UPA is considered to be possible to threaten the sustainability of cities while it is considered to have great contributions to the sustainable development of cities at the same time. Therefore, it is necessary for UPA to maintain the balance of three factors, i.e. economic efficiency, sociality, and environmental conservation. However, the relative importance of each factor may vary depending on the difference of countries, regions and time. According to Kiminami and Kiminami (2006), the functions of urban agriculture expected by urban residents in advanced countries such as Tokyo of Japan are changing from the function of producing agricultural goods to the others, i.e. the functions of creating landscapes, ensuring land conservation and sustainable management of renewable natural resources and providing environmental benefits, etc. On the other hand, along with the rapid urbanization in developing countries, huge amount people have migrated from rural to urban area. Such kind of situation has caused the problems of environmental pollution, urban poverty and shortage of nutrition in cities on one side, and an enlargement of urban and peripheral agriculture on the other. The contribution of UPA on GDP in developing countries has drawn more and more attention. Amongst Shanghai is one of the most notable cities. In this research, the sustainability of agriculture in Shanghai will be analyzed from the aspects of economic efficiency, sociality and environmental conservation by taking the method of questionnaire survey intended for the residents on urban agriculture. © 2006, JAPAN SECTION OF THE REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.2457/srs.36.725

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Niigata University  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Land improvement has both direct and indirect economic effects on agricultural production. Besides of its direct economic effects on agricultural production by improving efficiency of agricultural production, the indirect economic effects of land improvement can also be obtained through reduction of production costs such as the improvement of production structure or improvement in profitability such as introducing high profit crops. Such economic effects (both direct and indirect) of land improvement will be finally reflected into land profitability. Therefore, it is considered that we can estimate economic effects of land improvement by measuring the relation of the land capital stock and land profitability in agricultural sector. However, economic effects of land improvement are usually influenced by regional difference and structural change in agriculture. Thus, in order to make an accurate estimation, we apply the panel data analysis to the data at 2 points of time of each city, town and village of Niigata prefecture instead of using cross-section data or time series data as a usual way of estimation, and clarify the economic effects of land improvement in this area. © 2005, JAPAN SECTION OF THE REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.2457/srs.35.415

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：ZHEJIANG UNIV PRESS  

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Farm Management Society of Japan  

DOI： 10.11300/fmsj1963.42.2_83

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00294811825?from=CiNii

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Niigata University  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Farm Management Society of Japan  

DOI： 10.11300/fmsj1963.42.1_113

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/10010484622?from=CiNii

Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本農業経済学会 ; 東京  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Farm Management Society of Japan  

DOI： 10.11300/fmsj1963.41.2_41

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00232373774?from=CiNii

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Niigata University  

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Ryukoku University  

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Although institutions, regulations and technical measures can be considered as the measures against preservation of natural environment, decision and implementation of efficient environmental preservation plans are called for. Thus, it is indispensable to introduce multi-criteria evaluation methods and obtain the participation and cooperation of local residents for making a highly efficient conservation plan. First, this study introduces participatory analysis to obtain potential ideas regarding conservation plans from local residents. Second, it evaluates various alternatives to the environmental preservation plan according to three criteria: effectiveness, ease of implementation, and the possibility of residents' participation in the plan. Finally, it prioritizes the various alternatives using concordance analysis and AHP analysis, and it provides a well-balanced planning proposal for the regional conservation of the natural environment. © 2003, JAPAN SECTION OF THE REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.2457/srs.34.173

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Farm Management Society of Japan  

DOI： 10.11300/fmsj1963.40.1_142

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00157903032?from=CiNii

Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The economic growth of China in recent years brings a big change to its supply and demand structure of the food. China is remarkable as the source of supply of the food to the foreign countries in addition to the huge food consumer market, too. It is expected that China's accession to the WTO has a big influence on the Chinese agriculture about which the international competitiveness is weak. But it is also expected that it brings a big change to the whole food system. Moreover, it will have a big influence on the agriculture and the food industry in the Asian countries which are deepening a mutual-dependence relation, too. Therefore, in this study, first, we will make the influence clear which China's accession to the WTO gives the food system in China after analyzing the present situation of the food system in China. Next, we will analyze the mutual-dependence relation of the food industry and the Asian countries in China using the international input-output table. Then, we will analyze about the influence which China's accession to the WTO gives the food system in the Asian area and propose a policy to build cooperative relation in the Asian area. © 2002, JAPAN SECTION OF THE REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.2457/srs.33.87

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Language：English  

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.18480/jjre.2.14

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Ryukoku University  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER VERLAG  

This article reconsiders the patterns of intra-Asia trade and the linkages with foreign direct investment (FDI) in this region;The following conclusions are drawn. Firstly, by 1985 intra-Asia trade exhibited both distinct patterns of interindustry trade on the one hand, and intra-industry trade on the other. Secondly, the patterns of trade in this region have not changed since 1985 from vertical to horizontal, but from a "flying-geese" to an "acrobatic" type, due to the sharp increase in FDI within the region. Thirdly, since the early 1990s, FDI began to shift to China due to the wage differentials between China and other East Asian countries. This made the countries of East Asia compete with one another, rushing to obtain capital and financial resources from all over the world - ultimately contributing to recent financial and economic turbulence in the region. The article concludes with some brief policy recommendations on how to avoid a recurrence of the Asian crisis in the 21(st) century.

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Farm Management Society of Japan  

DOI： 10.11300/fmsj1963.36.1_115

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Generally, it is considered that the structure of social dilemmas exists in the regional environmental pollution and a high social cost can be easily caused by the conflict as well. However, due to the difficulties of the judicial solution of the conflict, some kinds of non-judicial solution of the conflict such as the regional agreements for the prevention of environmental pollution are requested. In this paper, we clarified the characteristics of the conflict and the circumstances of the conflict solution through the case study of the Japanese livestock industry. Furthermore, we examined the specific characteristics and effectiveness of regional agreements for the prevention of environmental pollution as a method of conflict solution. Following conclusions have been obtained. First, the release of information from livestock farming to the local residents and the establishment of a relationship of mutual trust between livestock farming and residents are considered to be quite important in the regional agreements. Secondly, besides the technological factors, the social relationship between livestock farming and residents might cause great affects on the management of livestock farming. Finally, the permissible standards of environmental pollution or some kind of order exists differently from region to region. Thus, as a method of conflict solution, regional agreements for the prevention of environmental pollution is considered as the reflection of the differences of each region. © 1998, JAPAN SECTION OF THE REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.2457/srs.29.3_249

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Ryukoku University  

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There have been following important trends in the international trading relations since the post-war period, the increase in the high value added products of trade, the rise in the share of developing countries in the total world trade and the changes in the pattern of trade. The patterns of trade are considered have been changed from vertical to horizontal and also from inter-country to intra-industry, and intra-firm. It is for this reason, the purpose of this paper is to clarify the relations of international specialization of food industry in Asia. It will be analyzed from four sides. Firstly, the pattern of food trade in Asia will be indicated in this paper through the analyze of international input-output table. Secondly, the characteristics of Japanese food industry and its tendency of enlargement to develop abroad will be clarified. Thirdly, we will also analyze the relations of specialization among different types of development abroad of Japanese firms. Finally, the main composition of international specialization in food industry will be analyzed. The importance of distribution industry in international specialization will be indicated. © 1997, JAPAN SECTION OF THE REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.2457/srs.28.257

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Farm Management Society of Japan  

DOI： 10.11300/fmsj1963.34.3_91

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/10010482017?from=CiNii

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Chinese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本経済政策学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Farm Management Society of Japan  

DOI： 10.11300/fmsj1963.33.1_21

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DOI： 10.11300/fmsj1963.31.3_49

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/10010480921?from=CiNii

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Doctoral thesis  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (other)   Publisher：ERINA  

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Venue：北海学園大学  

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