Faculty Profiles - YOSHIHARA Akihiro

Papers - YOSHIHARA Akihiro

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Dietary n-6 and n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Tooth Loss in Community-Dwelling Older Japanese People. International journal

Akihiro Yoshihara, Masanori Iwasaki, Kana Suwama, Ayuko Odajima, Keiko Kabasawa, Yumi Ito, Junta Tanaka

Gerodontology 2025.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the associations between baseline n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels and the number of teeth lost subsequently over 5 years. BACKGROUND: The relationship between n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and tooth loss remains unclear. Previous studies have been limited to older individuals aged 70 and above, and no research has been conducted that takes into account a broader age range. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Participants (n = 1534) attended both the baseline survey and the follow-up survey conducted 5 years later. Poisson regression analyses were conducted after converting the number of teeth present at baseline into an adjustment variable. The dependent variable was the number of lost teeth over a five-year period. The exposure variables were each quintile of self-reported n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake levels (g/1000 kcal) and the ratio of self-reported n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake levels (n-6:n-3 ratio) adjusted by age, sex, smoking, use of dental floss or interdental brush and history of diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: Higher n-3 fatty acid intake (5th quintile, incidence rate ratio (IRR): 0.21, p < 0.001) and a lower dietary n-6:n-3 ratio (≤ 4.0) significantly lower tooth loss risk. Conversely, higher n-6 intake (5th quintile, IRR: 1.32, p = 0.006) was associated with the likelihood of tooth loss. Younger age, flossing and adequate chewing ability were associated with better dental outcomes. CONCLUSION: Balanced dietary intake, particularly higher n-3 fatty acids and a lower n-6:n-3 ratio, helps preserve dental health by reducing tooth loss risk.

DOI： 10.1111/ger.12819

地域在住自立高齢者を対象とした主観的幸福感と口腔機能低下症検査項目との関連

大西愛, 頭山高子, 柴田佐都子, 諏訪間加奈, 葭原明弘

新潟歯学会雑誌 54 ( 2 ) 100 - 101 2024.12

Weight Loss and Number of Present Teeth in Community-Dwelling Japanese Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in Niigata. International journal

Sachiko Takehara, Masayuki Ueno, Akihiro Yoshihara, Masanori Iwasaki, Kana Suwama, Kumiko Minagawa, Ichiei Narita, Junta Tanaka, Hiroshi Ogawa, Yumi Ito

Journal of oral rehabilitation 2024.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Weight loss is a critical health issue among the older population. This study aimed to explore the association between weight loss and oral health in older adults. METHODS: We used cross-sectional data from the Uonuma Chronic Kidney Disease Cohort Study. The binary logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the relationship between weight loss and independent variables including the number of teeth present. RESULTS: The participants included 1656 females and 1625 males. There were 1217 females (73.4%) and 1236 males (76.0%) with normal BMI (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25) in the previous year. Weight loss was determined over a 12-month period. Individuals with normal BMI in previous year, and those with weight loss (≥ 5%) or those whom maintained a stable weight were further analysed. The regression analysis (model 3, fully adjusted) showed that females with 0 and 1-10 teeth present had a higher likelihood of losing weight (OR = 4.07; 95% CI = 1.85-8.93, OR = 2.33; 95% CI = 1.24-4.39) compared with those with 20 or more teeth. Current smokers had a higher likelihood of losing weight (OR = 3.15; 95% CI = 1.01-9.76) than lifelong abstainers. Among males, both current and previous smokers showed a higher likelihood of losing weight (OR = 4.94; 95%CI = 1.76-13.8, OR = 3.35; 95% CI = 1.29-8.68) than those who never smoked. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that the number of teeth and smoking are both linked to weight loss in females. However, in males, the association between the number of teeth and weight loss may be compromised due to the high prevalence of smoking in this group.

DOI： 10.1111/joor.13886

General and abdominal adiposity and hypertension in eight world regions: a pooled analysis of 837 population-based studies with 7·5 million participants

Bin Zhou, James E Bennett, Aidan P Wickham, Rosie K Singleton, Anu Mishra, Rodrigo M Carrillo-Larco, Nayu Ikeda, Lakshya Jain, Ana Barradas-Pires, Rachel A Heap, Victor PF Lhoste, Kate E Sheffer, Nowell H Phelps, Archie W Rayner, Edward W Gregg, Mark Woodward, Gretchen A Stevens, Maria LC Iurilli, Goodarz Danaei, Mariachiara Di Cesare, Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas, Noor Ani Ahmad, Pascal Bovet, Zhengming Chen, Albertino Damasceno, Sarah L Filippi, Imre Janszky, Andre P Kengne, Young-Ho Khang, Kamlesh Khunti, Avula Laxmaiah, Lee-Ling Lim, Lauren Lissner, Paula Margozzini, Jean Claude N Mbanya, Stephen T McGarvey, Jonathan E Shaw, Stefan Söderberg, Luis Adrián Soto-Mota, Junyang Wang, Francesco Zaccardi, Leandra Abarca-Gómez, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Shynar Abdrakhmanova, Suhaila Abdul Ghaffar, Hanan F Abdul Rahim, Zulfiya Abdurrahmonova, Niveen M Abu-Rmeileh, Benjamin Acosta-Cazares, Ishag Adam, Marzena Adamczyk, Wichai Aekplakorn, Imelda A Agdeppa, Javad Aghazadeh-Attari, Charles Agyemang, Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad, Ali Ahmadi, Naser Ahmadi, Nastaran Ahmadi, Soheir H Ahmed, Wolfgang Ahrens, Gulmira Aitmurzaeva, Kamel Ajlouni, Hazzaa M Al-Hazzaa, Halima Al-Hinai, Jawad A Al-Lawati, Rajaa Al-Raddadi, Deena Al Asfoor, Huda M Al Hourani, Monira Alarouj, Fadia AlBuhairan, Shahla AlDhukair, Mohamed M Ali, Anna V Alieva, Abdullah Alkandari, Buthaina M Alkhatib, Eman Aly, Deepak N Amarapurkar, Pilar Amiano Etxezarreta, Norbert Amougou, Lars Bo Andersen, Sigmund A Anderssen, Odysseas Androutsos, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Elena Anufrieva, Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri, Tahir Aris, Raphael E Arku, Nimmathota Arlappa, Krishna K Aryal, Felix K Assah, Batyrbek Assembekov, Maria Cecília F Assunção, Juha Auvinen, Mária Avdičová, Kishwar Azad, Ana Azevedo, Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad, Fereidoun Azizi, Flora Bacopoulou, Suhad Bahijri, Izet Bajramovic, Nagalla Balakrishna, Mohamed Bamoshmoosh, Maciej Banach, Piotr Bandosz, José R Banegas, Rafał Baran, Carlo M Barbagallo, Valter Barbosa Filho, Alberto Barceló, Maja Baretić, Joaquin Barnoya, Lena Barrera, Aluisio JD Barros, Mauro Virgílio Gomes Barros, Abdul Basit, Joao Luiz Bastos, Anwar M Batieha, Aline P Batista, Rosangela L Batista, Zhamilya Battakova, Louise A Baur, Pascal M Bayauli, Silvia Bel-Serrat, Antonisamy Belavendra, Habiba Ben Romdhane, Theodora Benedek, Judith Benedics, Mikhail Benet, Gilda Estela Benitez Rolandi, Michaela Benzeval, Elling Bere, Nicolas Berger, Ingunn Holden Bergh, Salim Berkinbayev, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Heloísa Bettiol, Augustin F Beybey, Jorge Bezerra, Aroor Bhagyalaxmi, Santosh K Bhargava, Elysée Claude Bika Lele, Mukharram M Bikbov, Bihungum Bista, Dusko J Bjelica, Peter Bjerregaard, Espen Bjertness, Marius B Bjertness, Cecilia Björkelund, Katia V Bloch, Anneke Blokstra, Simona Bo, Martin Bobak, Lynne M Boddy, Bernhard O Boehm, Jose G Boggia, Elena Bogova, Marialaura Bonaccio, Alice Bonilla-Vargas, Herman Borghs, Steve Botomba, Rupert Bourne, Khadichamo Boymatova, Lutgart Braeckman, Tasanee Braithwaite, Imperia Brajkovich, Francesco Branca, Hermann Brenner, Lizzy M Brewster, Yajaira Briceño, Lacramioara Brinduse, Bettina Bringolf-Isler, Miguel Brito, Johannes Brug, Anna Bugge, Frank Buntinx, Marta Buoncristiano, Con Burns, Antonio Cabrera de León, Roberta B Caixeta, Tilema Cama, Günay Can, Ana Paula C Cândido, Felicia Cañete, Mario V Capanzana, Naděžda Čapková, Eduardo Capuano, Rocco Capuano, Vincenzo Capuano, Viviane C Cardoso, Axel C Carlsson, Felipe F Casanueva, Maribel Casas, Laura Censi, Marvin Cervantes‐Loaiza, Parinya Chamnan, Snehalatha Chamukuttan, Queenie Chan, Nish Chaturvedi, Fangfang Chen, Huashuai Chen, Long-Sheng Chen, Yiling J Cheng, Bahman Cheraghian, Angela Chetrit, Ekaterina Chikova-Iscener, Mai JM Chinapaw, Anne Chinnock, Arnaud Chiolero, Adela Chirita-Emandi, María-Dolores Chirlaque, Chean Lin Chong, Diego G Christofaro, Jerzy Chudek, Renata Cifkova, Massimo Cirillo, Frank Claessens, Philip Clare, Emmanuel Cohen, Susana C Confortin, Tara C Coppinger, Lilia Yadira Cortés, Cojocaru R Cosmin, Simona Costanzo, Melanie J Cowan, Chris Cowell, Amelia C Crampin, Amanda J Cross, Ana B Crujeiras, Juan J Cruz, Alexandra M Cucu, Felipe V Cureau, Sarah Cuschieri, Graziella D'Arrigo, Eleonora d'Orsi, Haroldo da Silva-Ferreira, Christina C Dahm, Jean Dallongeville, Rachel Dankner, Kairat Davletov, Francisco de Assis Guedes de Vasconcelos, Maria Alice Altenburg de Assis, Dirk De Bacquer, Jaco De Bacquer, Jeroen de Bont, Amalia De Curtis, Patrícia de Fragas Hinnig, Giovanni de Gaetano, Stefaan De Henauw, Pilar De Miguel-Etayo, Paula Duarte de Oliveira, Karina Mary de Paiva, Karin De Ridder, Marco Aurélio de Valois Correia Júnior, Mohan Deepa, Vincent Jr DeGennaro, Stefaan Demarest, Elaine Dennison, Valérie Deschamps, Meghnath Dhimal, María Pilar Díez Ripollés, Zivka Dika, Shirin Djalalinia, Liria Dominguez, Maria Benedetta Donati, Chiara Donfrancesco, Guanghui Dong, Silvana P Donoso, Maria Dorobantu, Marcus Dörr, Nico Dragano, Wojciech Drygas, Shufa Du, Charmaine A Duante, Priscilla Duboz, Rosemary B Duda, Vesselka L Duleva, Anar Dushpanova, Azhar Dyussupova, Elzbieta Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Narges Ebrahimi, Guadalupe Echeverría, Ricky Eddie, Ebrahim Eftekhar, Vasiliki Efthymiou, Eruke E Egbagbe, Sareh Eghtesad, Ulf Ekelund, Mohammad El-Khateeb, Jalila El Ati, Roberto Elosua, Ofem Enang, Rajiv T Erasmus, Cihangir Erem, Gul Ergor, Louise Eriksen, Johan G Eriksson, Jorge Escobedo-de la Peña, Ali Esmaeili, Roger G Evans, Ildar Fakhradiyev, Albina A Fakhretdinova, Caroline H Fall, Elnaz Faramarzi, Mojtaba Farjam, Farshad Farzadfar, Yosef Farzi, Mohammad Reza Fattahi, Asher Fawwad, Francisco J Felix-Redondo, Trevor S Ferguson, Romulo A Fernandes, Daniel Fernández-Bergés, Desha R Fernando, Daniel Ferrante, Gerson Ferrari, Marika Ferrari, Catterina Ferreccio, Eldridge Ferrer, Thamara Hubler Figueiró, Anna Fijalkowska, Günther Fink, Mauro Fisberg, Maria Forsner, Edward F Fottrell, Heba M Fouad, Damian K Francis, Guillermo Frontera, Flavio D Fuchs, Sandra C Fuchs, Viktoriya Furdela, Takuro Furusawa, Stefan Adela Gabriela, Zbigniew Gaciong, Manuel Galán Cuesta, Andrzej Galbarczyk, Sonya V Galcheva, Myriam Galfo, Manoli Garcia-de-la-Hera, Pablo Garcia, Sarah P Garnett, Magda Gasull, Andrea Gazzinelli, Ulrike Gehring, Eva Gerdts, Ebrahim Ghaderi, Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari, Ali Ghanbari, Erfan Ghasemi, Oana-Florentina Gheorghe-Fronea, Anup Ghimire, Alessandro Gialluisi, Simona Giampaoli, Francesco Gianfagna, Glen Gironella, Aleksander Giwercman, Konstantinos Gkiouras, Natalya Glushkova, Ramesh Godara, Justyna Godos, Marcel Goldberg, Georgina Gómez, Jesús Humberto Gómez Gómez, Luis F Gomez, Santiago F Gómez, Aleksandra Gomula, Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva, Helen Gonçalves, Mauer Gonçalves, Ana D González-Alvarez, David A Gonzalez-Chica, Esther M González-Gil, Marcela Gonzalez-Gross, Juan P González-Rivas, Angel R Gonzalez, Frederic Gottrand, Dušan Grafnetter, Aneta Grajda, Maria G Grammatikopoulou, Tomasz Grodzicki, Else Karin Grøholt, Anders Grøntved, Viviana Guajardo, Pilar Guallar-Castillón, Maëlenn Guerchet, Ramiro Guerrero, Andre L Guimaraes, Unjali P Gujral, Martin C Gulliford, Marc J Gunter, Rajeev Gupta, Oye Gureje, Mirjana A Gurinović, Beata Gurzkowska, Laura Gutierrez, Xinyi Gwee, Rosa Haghshenas, Hamid Hakimi, Jytte Halkjær, Ian R Hambleton, Behrooz Hamzeh, Willem A Hanekom, Dominique Hange, Abu AM Hanif, Sari Hantunen, Jie Hao, Carla Menêses Hardman, Louise Hardy, Rachakulla Hari Kumar, Javad Harooni, Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Shahri, Maria Hassapidou, Jun Hata, Teresa Haugsgjerd, Mirjam Heinen, Marleen Elisabeth Hendriks, Rafael dos Santos Henrique, Ana Henriques, Leticia Hernandez Cadena, Sauli Herrala, Marianella Herrera-Cuenca, Victor M Herrera, Isabelle Herter-Aeberli, Karl-Heinz Herzig, Ramin Heshmat, Allan G Hill, Sai Yin Ho, Michelle Holdsworth, Reza Homayounfar, Clara Homs, Emiel O Hoogendijk, Andrea RVR Horimoto, Claudia M Hormiga, Bernardo L Horta, Leila Houti, Christina Howitt, Thein Thein Htay, Aung Soe Htet, Maung Maung Than Htike, José María Huerta, Ilpo Tapani Huhtaniemi, Laetitia Huiart, Constanta Huidumac Petrescu, Martijn Huisman, Abdullatif Husseini, Inge Huybrechts, Nahla Hwalla, Licia Iacoviello, Ellina M Iakupova, Anna G Iannone, Jannicke Igland, Chinwuba Ijoma, Violeta Iotova, Vilma E Irazola, Takafumi Ishida, Godsent C Isiguzo, Muhammad Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Duygu Islek, Till Ittermann, Ivaila Y Ivanova-Pandourska, Masanori Iwasaki, Tuija Jääskeläinen, Rod T Jackson, Hashem Y Jaddou, Michel Jadoul, Tazeen Jafar, Nataša Jan, Edward Janus, Juel Jarani, Gerald Jarnig, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Grazyna Jasienska, Ana Jelaković, Bojan Jelaković, Anjani Kumar Jha, Ramon O Jimenez, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Michel Joffres, Jari J Jokelainen, Jost B Jonas, Pradeep Joshi, Rohina Joshi, Josipa Josipović, Farahnaz Joukar, Jacek J Jóźwiak, Anne Juolevi, Vesna Juresa, Vesna Jureša, Rudolf Kaaks, Felix O Kaducu, Agnes L Kadvan, Anthony Kafatos, Eero O Kajantie, Natia Kakutia, Daniela Kállayová, Zhanna Kalmatayeva, Ofra Kalter-Leibovici, Srinivasan Kannan, Efthymios Kapantais, Eva Karaglani, Argyro Karakosta, Khem B Karki, Adoubi Kassi Anicet, Marzieh Katibeh, Prasad Katulanda, Peter T Katzmarzyk, Jussi Kauhanen, Gyulli M Kazakbaeva, François F Kaze, Calvin Ke, Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Roya Kelishadi, Cecily Kelleher, Han CG Kemper, Maryam Keramati, Mathilde Kersting, Yousef Saleh Khader, Arsalan Khaledifar, Davood Khalili, Bahareh Kheiri, Motahareh Kheradmand, Alireza Khosravi, Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Sophia J Kiechl, Stefan Kiechl, Hyeon Chang Kim, Heidi Klakk, Suntara Klanarong, Jana Klanova, Magdalena Klimek, Michael Knoflach, Susanne Kobel, Bhawesh Koirala, Elin Kolle, Patrick Kolsteren, Jürgen König, Raija Korpelainen, Paul Korrovits, Magdalena Korzycka, Jelena Kos, Seppo Koskinen, Malik Koussoh Simone, Éva Kovács, Irina Kovalskys, Sudhir Kowlessur, Slawomir Koziel, Jana Kratenova, Wolfgang Kratzer, Susi Kriemler, Peter Lund Kristensen, Helena Krizan, Maria F Kroker-Lobos, Steinar Krokstad, Herculina S Kruger, Ruan Kruger, Łukasz Kryst, Ruzena Kubinova, Urho M Kujala, Enisa Kujundzic, Zbigniew Kulaga, Mukhtar Kulimbet, Meena Kumari, Marie Kunešová, Pawel Kurjata, Catherine Kyobutungi, Quang Ngoc La, Demetre Labadarios, Carl Lachat, Daphne Lai, Youcef Laid, Lachmie Lall, Maritza Landaeta Jimenez, Edwige Landais, Tiina Lankila, Vera Lanska, Georg Lappas, Bagher Larijani, Mina P Lateva, Tint Swe Latt, Martino Laurenzi, Maria Lazo-Porras, Gwenaëlle Le Coroller, Khanh Le Nguyen Bao, Terho Lehtimäki, Daniel Lemogoum, Elvynna Leong, Justyna Leszczak, Gabriel M Leung, Yanping Li, Merike Liivak, Charlie Lim, Wei-Yen Lim, M Fernanda Lima-Costa, Hsien-Ho Lin, Lars Lind, Mieczyslaw Litwin, Liping Liu, Xiaotian Liu, Guadalupe Longo Abril, Oscar Lopes, Esther Lopez-Garcia, José Francisco López-Gil, Tania Lopez, José Eugenio Lozano, Janice L Lukrafka, Dalia Luksiene, Annamari Lundqvist, Nuno Lunet, Charles Lunogelo, Michala Lustigová, Jean-René M'Buyamba-Kabangu, George LL Machado-Coelho, Aristides M Machado-Rodrigues, Enguerran Macia, Ahmed A Madar, Gladys E Maestre, Stefania Maggi, Dianna J Magliano, Sara Magnacca, Emmanuella Magriplis, Gowri Mahasampath, Bernard Maire, Marcia Makdisse, Mohammad-Reza Malekpour, Fatemeh Malekzadeh, Reza Malekzadeh, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao, Sofia Malyutina, Lynell V Maniego, Yannis Manios, Jim I Mann, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Enzo Manzato, Mala Ali Mapatano, Rosu Maria-Magdalena, Joany Mariño, Anastasia Markaki, Larissa Pruner Marques, Jaume Marrugat, Reynaldo Martorell, Katharina Maruszczak, Giovanna Masala, Luis P Mascarenhas, Mannix Masimango Imani, Masoud Masinaei, Ellisiv B Mathiesen, Alicia Matijasevich, Piotr Matłosz, Tandi E Matsha, Victor Matsudo, Giletta Matteo, Pallab K Maulik, Christina Mavrogianni, Anselmo J Mc Donald Posso, Shelly R McFarlane, Rachael M McLean, Sounnia Mediene Benchekor, Kirsten Mehlig, Amir Houshang Mehrparvar, Jesus D Melgarejo, Fabián Méndez, Carlos O Mendivil, Carlos Mendoza Montano, Ana Maria B Menezes, Gert BM Mensink, Alibek Mereke, Indrapal I Meshram, Diane T Meto, Haakon E Meyer, Jie Mi, Karolina Miłkowska, Jody C Miller, Olga Milushkina, Cláudia S Minderico, GK Mini, Juan Francisco Miquel, J Jaime Miranda, Mohammad Reza Mirjalili, Marjeta Mišigoj-Duraković, Antonio Mistretta, Veronica Mocanu, Pietro A Modesti, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Kazem Mohammad, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Zahra Mohammadi, Noushin Mohammadifard, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Viswanathan Mohan, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff, Iraj Mohebbi, Niels C Møller, Dénes Molnár, Amirabbas Momenan, Charles K Mondo, Michele M Monroy-Valle, Roger A Montenegro Mendoza, Eric Monterrubio-Flores, Kotsedi Daniel K Monyeki, Jin Soo Moon, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Farhad Moradpour, Leila B Moreira, Alain Morejon, Luis A Moreno, Karen Morgan, George Moschonis, Alireza Moslem, Mildrey Mosquera, Malgorzata Mossakowska, Aya Mostafa, Seyed-Ali Mostafavi, Mohammad Esmaeel Motlagh, Jorge Motta, Marcos André Moura-dos-Santos, Malay K Mridha, Kelias P Msyamboza, Thet Thet Mu, Florian Muca, Boban Mugoša, Patricia B Munroe, Jaakko Mursu, Kamarul Imran Musa, Sanja Musić Milanović, Vera Musil, Geofrey Musinguzi, Norlaila Mustafa, Muel Telo Marie-Claire Muyer, Iraj Nabipour, Balkish M Naidu, Farid Najafi, Hanna Nalecz, Jana Námešná, KM Venkat Narayan, Take Naseri, Michels Nathalie, Nareemarn Neelapaichit, Azim Nejatizadeh, Ilona Nenko, Flavio Nervi, Hannelore K Neuhauser, Tze Pin Ng, Chung T Nguyen, Quang V Nguyen, Quang Ngoc Nguyen, Michael Y Ni, Peng Nie, Ramfis E Nieto-Martínez, Teemu J Niiranen, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Nobuo Nishi, Sania Nishtar, Marianna Noale, Oscar A Noboa, Helena Nogueira, Kevin I Norton, Davide Noto, Natalia Nowak-Szczepanska, Mohannad Al Nsour, Irfan Nuhoğlu, Eha Nurk, Fred Nuwaha, Moffat Nyirenda, Terence W O'Neill, Caleb Ochimana, Angélica M Ochoa-Avilés, Eiji Oda, Augustine N Odili, Kyungwon Oh, Ryutaro Ohtsuka, Brian Oldenburg, Valérie Olié, Mohd Azahadi Omar, Saeed M Omar, Altan Onat, Sok King Ong, N Charlotte Onland-Moret, Lariane M Ono, Obinna Onodugo, Pedro Ordunez, Rui Ornelas, Ana P Ortiz, Pedro J Ortiz, Clive Osmond, Sergej M Ostojic, Afshin Ostovar, Johanna A Otero, Charlotte B Ottendahl, Akaninyene Otu, Kim Overvad, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Cristina P Padez, Ioannis Pagkalos, Natalja Pajula, Alberto Palloni, Luigi Palmieri, Wen-Harn Pan, Francesco Panza, Mariela Paoli, Sousana K Papadopoulou, Rossina G Pareja, Soon-Woo Park, Suyeon Park, Winsome R Parnell, Mahboubeh Parsaeian, Ionela M Pascanu, Patrick Pasquet, Nikhil D Patel, Halyna Pavlyshyn, Raimund Pechlaner, Ivan Pećin, João M Pedro, Sergio Viana Peixoto, Markku Peltonen, Alexandre C Pereira, Karen GDA Peres, Marco A Peres, Agustín Perez-Londoño, Cynthia M Pérez, Valentina Peterkova, Olga Petrovna Kovtun, Niloofar Peykari, Son Thai Pham, Rafael N Pichardo, Preux Pierre-Marie, Hynek Pikhart, Aida Pilav, Pavel Piler, Aleksandra Piwonska, Andreia N Pizarro, Silvia Plata, Raluca M Pop, Barry M Popkin, Stevo R Popovic, Miquel Porta, Anil Poudyal, Farhad Pourfarzi, Akram Pourshams, Hossein Poustchi, Rajendra Pradeepa, Alison J Price, Antonio Prista, Rui Providencia, Jardena J Puder, Iveta Pudule, Soile Puhakka, Maria Puiu, Margus Punab, Mostafa Qorbani, Anna Quialheiro, Hedley K Quintana, Pedro J Quiroga-Padilla, Tran Quoc Bao, Stefan Rach, Salar Rahimikazerooni, Mahmudur Rahman, Olli Raitakari, Sherali Rakhmatulloev, Ivo Rakovac, Ambady Ramachandran, Otim PC Ramadan, Manuel Ramirez-Zea, Rafel Ramos, Lekhraj Rampal, Sanjay Rampal, Sheena E Ramsay, João FLB Rangel Junior, Daniel A Rangel Reina, Lalka S Rangelova, Vayia Rarra, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Cassiano Ricardo Rech, Josep Redon, Valéria Regecová, Jane DP Renner, Judit A Repasy, Cézane P Reuter, Luis Revilla, Andrew Reynolds, Negar Rezaei, Abbas Rezaianzadeh, Elio Riboli, Fernando Rigo, Attilio Rigotti, Leanne M Riley, Tobias F Rinke de Wit, Ulf Risérus, Raphael M Ritti-Dias, Reina G Roa, Romana Roccaldo, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, María del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Laura A Rodríguez-Villamizar, Andrea Y Rodríguez, Ulla Roggenbuck, Peter Rohloff, Rosalba Rojas-Martinez, Elisabetta L Romeo, Rafaela V Rosario, Annika Rosengren, Ian Rouse, Adolfo Rubinstein, Blanca Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Maria Ruiz-Castell, Emma Ruiz Moreno, Iuliia A Rusakova, Wojciech Rusek, Petra Rust, Marcin Rutkowski, Marge Saamel, Hamideh Sabbaghi, Harshpal S Sachdev, Alireza Sadjadi, Ali Reza Safarpour, Sare Safi, Mohammad Hossien Saghi, Olfa Saidi, Calogero Saieva, Satoko Sakata, Nader Saki, Sanja Šalaj, Eduardo Salazar Martinez, Akkumis Salkhanova, Jukka T Salonen, Margarita Samoutian, Jose Sánchez-Abanto, Inés Sánchez Rodríguez, Diana A Santos, Ina S Santos, Maria Paula Santos, Tamara R Santos, Jouko L Saramies, Luis B Sardinha, Giselle Sarganas, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Kai-Uwe Saum, Stefan Savin, Mariana Sbaraini, Marcia Scazufca, Beatriz D Schaan, Anja Schienkiewitz, Karin Schindler, Sabine Schipf, Amand Floriaan Schmidt, Börge Schmidt, Carsten O Schmidt, Ben Schöttker, Sara Schramm, Stine Schramm, Helmut Schröder, Constance Schultsz, Aletta E Schutte, Sylvain Sebert, Moslem Sedaghattalab, Aye Aye Sein, Abhijit Sen, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Guillermo Sequera, Ľudmila Ševčíková, Ronel Sewpaul, Teresa Shamah-Levy, Seyed Morteza Shamshirgaran, Maryam Sharafkhah, Sanjib K Sharma, Almaz Sharman, Amaneh Shayanrad, Ali Akbar Shayesteh, Lela Shengelia, Kenji Shibuya, Hana Shimizu-Furusawa, Rahman Shiri, Marat Shoranov, Namuna Shrestha, Khairil Si-Ramlee, Abla M Sibai, Labros S Sidossis, Antonio M Silva, Caroline Ramos de Moura Silva, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Kelly Samara Silva, Xueling Sim, Mary Simon, Michael Sjöström, Natalia A Skoblina, Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer, Przemysław Slusarczyk, Liam Smeeth, Lee Smith, Fernanda Cunha Soares, Grzegorz Sobek, Eugène Sobngwi, Morten Sodemann, Agustinus Soemantri, Vincenzo Solfrizzi, Mohammad Hossein Somi, Elin P Sørgjerd, Maroje Sorić, Victoria E Soto-Rojas, Aïcha Soumaré, Alfonso Sousa-Poza, Igor Spiroski, Jan A Staessen, Andreas Stang, Jostein Steene-Johannessen, Peter Stehle, Aryeh D Stein, George S Stergiou, Jakub Stokwiszewski, Ekaterina Stoyanova, Gareth Stratton, Karien Stronks, Lela Sturua, Milton F Suarez-Ortegón, Phalakorn Suebsamran, Gerhard Sulo, Johan Sundström, Paibul Suriyawongpaisal, Boyd A Swinburn, René Charles Sylva, Lucjan Szponar, E Shyong Tai, Konstantinos D Tambalis, Abdonas Tamosiunas, Baimakhan Tanabayev, Maya Tanrygulyyeva, Mohammed Rasoul Tarawneh, Jakob Tarp, Carolina B Tarqui-Mamani, Radka Taxová Braunerová, Saskia Te Velde, William R Tebar, Grethe S Tell, Tania Tello, KR Thankappan, Xenophon Theodoridis, Sathish Thirunavukkarasu, Nihal Thomas, Amanda G Thrift, Ľubica Tichá, Erik J Timmermans, Dwi Hapsari Tjandrarini, Anne Tjonneland, Janne S Tolstrup, Murat Topbas, Laura Torres-Collado, Giota Touloumi, Pierre Traissac, Areti Triantafyllou, Atul Trivedi, Lechaba Tshepo, Panagiotis Tsintavis, John Tuitele, Azaliia M Tuliakova, Marshall K Tulloch-Reid, Fikru Tullu, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen, Maria L Turley, Evangelia Tzala, Themistoklis Tzotzas, Christophe Tzourio, Peter Ueda, Eunice Ugel, Flora AM Ukoli, Zhamyila Usupova, Hannu MT Uusitalo, Nalan Uysal, Gonzalo Valdivia, Damaskini Valvi, Rob M van Dam, Bert-Jan van den Born, Johan Van der Heyden, Yvonne T van der Schouw, Wendy Van Lippevelde, Hoang Van Minh, Natasja M Van Schoor, Irene GM van Valkengoed, Dirk Vanderschueren, Diego Vanuzzo, Gregorio Varela-Moreiras, Luz Nayibe Vargas, Senthil K Vasan, Daniel G Vasques, Tomas Vega, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez, Biruta Velika, Charlotte Verdot, Maïté Verloigne, Giovanni Veronesi, WM Monique Verschuren, Roosmarijn Verstraeten, Lucie Viet, Frøydis N Vik, Monica Vilar, Salvador Villalpando, Jesus Vioque, Jyrki K Virtanen, Marjolein Visser, Bharathi Viswanathan, Mihaela Vladulescu, Henry Völzke, Ari Voutilainen, Martine Vrijheid, Alisha N Wade, Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud, Rildo de Souza Wanderley Júnior, Chongjian Wang, Huijun Wang, Ningli Wang, Qian Wang, Xiangjun Wang, Ya Xing Wang, Ying-Wei Wang, S Goya Wannamethee, Nicholas Wareham, Olivia Wartha, Adelheid Weber, Karen Webster-Kerr, Niels Wedderkopp, Daniel Weghuber, Wenbin Wei, Leo Westbury, Peter H Whincup, Kremlin Wickramasinghe, Kurt Widhalm, Indah S Widyahening, Andrzej Więcek, Rainford J Wilks, Karin Willeit, Peter Willeit, Julianne Williams, Tom Wilsgaard, Bogdan Wojtyniak, Roy A Wong-McClure, Andrew Wong, Emily B Wong, Frederick C Wu, Justyna Wyszyńska, Haiquan Xu, Liang Xu, Nor Azwany Yaacob, Li Yan, Weili Yan, Yang Yang, Martha Yépez García, Moein Yoosefi, Akihiro Yoshihara, Novie O Younger-Coleman, Yu-Ling Yu, Yunjiang Yu, Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff, Vassilis Zafiropulos, Ahmad A Zainuddin, Farhad Zamani, Sabina Zambon, Antonis Zampelas, Maria Elisa Zapata, Ko Ko Zaw, Tomasz Zdrojewski, Magdalena Żegleń, Kristyna Zejglicova, Tajana Zeljkovic Vrkic, Bing Zhang, Zhen-Yu Zhang, Yanitsa V Zhecheva, Bekbolat Zholdin, Paul Zimmet, Marie Zins, Julio Zuñiga Cisneros, Monika Zuziak, Majid Ezzati

The Lancet 404 ( 10455 ) 851 - 863 2024.8

Association Between Low Kidney Function and Excess Weight Concerning Unfavourable Periodontal Health among Community-dwelling Older Japanese Women. International journal

Akihiro Yoshihara, Masanori Iwasaki, Kana Suwama, Kazutoshi Nakamura

Oral health & preventive dentistry 22 293 - 300 2024.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

PURPOSE: To investigate the association of low renal function and overweight with poor periodontal condition in community-dwelling older Japanese women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 359 older women (age range: 55-74 years) participated in this study. Two periodontal parameters - the number of teeth with a probing pocket depth (PPD) or clinical attachment level (CAL) ≥ 4 mm - were used as the dependent variables. The principal independent variables were low renal function as defined by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and overweight as defined by the body mass index. Poisson regression analysis was used to calculate the ratio of means (RM). RESULTS: The RMs of the number of teeth with a PPD or CAL ≥ 4 mm in an adjusted model without an interaction term were 1.21- or 1.27-fold higher among those with an eGFR < 60, while those among the participants with an eGFR < 60 in the adjusted model with interaction terms for the number of teeth with a PPD or CAL ≥ 4 mm were 1.43- or 1.36-fold higher. In addition, increments of periodontal risk with low renal function and overweight showed a slightly smaller to negative trend. CONCLUSION: The present findings suggest a connection between unfavourable periodontal health and both renal function and being overweight among older Japanese women. A weak negative interaction was also found between poor renal condition and overweight in relation to periodontal condition.

DOI： 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5573943

UCP2 polymorphisms, daily step count, and number of teeth associated with all-cause mortality risk in Sado City: A hospital-based cohort study

Han Lyu, Noriko Sugita, Shigeki Komatsu, Minako Wakasugi, Akio Yokoseki, Akihiro Yoshihara, Tetsuo Kobayashi, Kenji Sato, Hiroyuki Kawashima, Osamu Onodera, Ichiei Narita, Koichi Tabeta

Heliyon 10 ( 12 ) e32512 - e32512 2024.6

成人期における歯科保健行動の実態と関連する要因について

島村陽南子, 小田島あゆ子, 笹嶋真嵩, 江邉真奈美, 葭原明弘

口腔衛生学会雑誌 74 ( 2 ) 148 - 148 2024.4

歯科衛生士養成校学生の臨床実習におけるストレス反応の実態と関連要因 Reviewed

鈴鹿祐子, 大川由一, 諏訪間加奈, 黒川孝一, 葭原明弘, 千葉県歯科衛生士会

日本歯科衛生学会雑誌 18 ( 2 ) 26 - 37 2024.2

Language：Japanese Publisher：日本歯科衛生学会

本研究の目的は,歯科衛生士養成校学生の臨床実習時のストレス反応の実態と関連要因を把握することである。対象はA歯科衛生士養成学校のの3年生46名とし,初めての学外での臨床実習の終了後に質問紙調査を行った。調査項目は,属性,生活習慣,環境,主観的な健康状態,臨床実習におけるストレスに関する項目,職業性ストレス簡易調査票を一部改変したものである。回答がすべて適切であった44名(女性20.8±0.6歳)の結果の分析を行った。臨床実習においてストレスに思った項目は,「自分の知識不足」,「自分の技術不足」が共に36名(81.8%)で最も多かった。「高い・やや高い」反応があった者は,「不安感」24名(54.5%)が最も多かった。また,実習中の健康状態は,「活気」「イライラ感」,「疲労感」,「不安感」,[抑うつ感」,「身体愁訴」と正の相関(p<0.01)があり,睡眠時間と実習中の「疲労感」には負の相関が認められた(p<0.01)。また,同居家族がいないものほど,「抑うつ感」が高く,「活気」が低かった。学生は,人間関係よりも自身の力量にストレスを感じていることが示唆された。また,実習中は,「不安感」などのネガティブなストレス反応と体調には関連があると憶測された。教員は,知識や技術に不安を持たないように十分サポートする必要があるとともに,生活習慣や環境についても考慮する必要があると考えられた。(著者抄録)

Association between dry eye and periodontal disease in community-dwelling Japanese adults: data from the Uonoma cohort study Reviewed

Kaung Myat Thwin, Noboru Kaneko, Hikaru Okubo, Takayuki Yamaga, Kana Suwama, Akihiro Yoshihara, Masanori Iwasaki, Yumi Ito, Junta Tanaka, Ichiei Narita, Hiroshi Ogawa

BMC Oral Health（査読あり） 8 ( 24 ) 47 2024.1

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Abstract

Background

While research has explored the risk of periodontal disease in various eye conditions, the link between dry eye and periodontal disease remains underexplored, especially in Japanese adults. This study aims to investigate the association between dry eye and periodontal disease in community-dwelling Japanese adults.

Methods

This study is a subset of the Uonuma cohort study, which includes Japanese adults aged 40 years and older residing in the Uonuma area of Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Participants completed a self-administered, paper-based questionnaire. Statistical analyses, including the chi-square test, independent t test, ANOVA test, and logistic regressions, were employed to assess the association of periodontal disease with independent variables.

Results

Among 36,488 participants (average age 63.3 years, 47.4% men), 39.3% had a history of periodontal disease, and gender differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Significant associations were found between periodontal disease and dry eye diagnosis or symptoms. Univariable logistic regression revealed links between periodontal disease and age, gender, living status, alcohol consumption, remaining teeth, bite molar availability, and history of dry eye disease or symptoms. Multiple-adjusted regression found that doctor-diagnosed dry eye was associated with a higher likelihood of periodontal disease (odds ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.22). Participants who never experienced dryness or foreign body sensation had lower ORs of periodontal disease than those who always experienced such symptoms across all models.

Conclusion

A significant correlation was found between dry eye and periodontal disease in Japanese adults. Regular check-ups, early detection, and effective management of both conditions are strongly recommended.

DOI： 10.1186/s12903-023-03773-7

Other Link： https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12903-023-03773-7/fulltext.html

歯科診療所通院患者における不安の要因に関する研究 Modified Dental Anxiety Scale日本語版(MDAS-J)を用いた分析

筒井紀子, 諏訪間加奈, 柴田佐都子, 長谷川優, 葭原明弘

新潟歯学会雑誌 53 ( 2 ) 57 - 63 2024.1

Language：Japanese Publisher：新潟歯学会

【目的】患者の不安や恐怖は歯科受診行動を阻害する可能性がある。患者の不安や恐怖の関連要因として診療内容や歯科衛生士を含むスタッフの対応,歯科医院の環境などが挙げられる。本研究は,歯科衛生士業務を含む歯科治療に対する不安とその要因を明らかにすることを目的とした。【方法】歯科診療所通院患者に質問紙調査を行い,有効回答が得られた234名を分析対象とした。調査項目は対象者特性,Modified Dental Anxiety Scale日本語版(MDAS-J),不安を感じる場面や歯科衛生士の業務に関するものである。患者の不安と関連する要因を検討するために,従属変数をMDAS-J合計点,独立変数をその他の調査項目としてPoisson分析を行った。【結果および結論】分析の結果,男性は女性に比べてMDAS-J合計点が有意に低かった(Ratios of Means,RM:0.89,p<0.01)。年齢階級では,80-99歳の階級に比べ20-39歳(RM:1.37),40-59歳(1.33),60-79歳(1.27)で,MDAS-J合計点が有意に高かった(p<0.05)。歯科衛生士業務は患者の不安と有意な関連が認められなかった。歯科診療所通院患者234名を対象とし,不安の要因について分析したところ,歯科衛生士業務が与える不安感はMDAS-Jを用いて評価される不安感と有意な関連を示さなかった。(著者抄録)

歯科診療所通院患者における不安の要因に関する研究 Modified Dental Anxiety Scale日本語版(MDAS-J)を用いた分析 Reviewed

筒井紀子, 諏訪間加奈, 柴田佐都子, 葭原明弘

新潟歯学会雑誌 53 ( 2 ) 5 - 11 2023.12

Global variation in diabetes diagnosis and prevalence based on fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c Reviewed

Bin Zhou, Kate E. Sheffer, James E. Bennett, Edward W. Gregg, Goodarz Danaei, Rosie K. Singleton, Jonathan E. Shaw, Anu Mishra, Victor P. F. Lhoste, Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco, Andre P. Kengne, Nowell H. Phelps, Rachel A. Heap, Archie W. Rayner, Gretchen A. Stevens, Chris J. Paciorek, Leanne M. Riley, Melanie J. Cowan, Stefan Savin, Stephen Vander Hoorn, Yuan Lu, Meda E. Pavkov, Giuseppina Imperatore, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Noor Ani Ahmad, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Kairat Davletov, Farshad Farzadfar, Clicerio González-Villalpando, Young-Ho Khang, Hyeon Chang Kim, Tiina Laatikainen, Avula Laxmaiah, Jean Claude N. Mbanya, K. M. Venkat Narayan, Ambady Ramachandran, Alisha N. Wade, Tomasz Zdrojewski, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Hanan F. Abdul Rahim, Niveen M. Abu-Rmeileh, Shalkar Adambekov, Robert J. Adams, Wichai Aekplakorn, Imelda A. Agdeppa, Javad Aghazadeh-Attari, Charles Agyemang, Ali Ahmadi, Naser Ahmadi, Nastaran Ahmadi, Soheir H. Ahmed, Kamel Ajlouni, Halima Al-Hinai, Badreya Al-Lahou, Jawad A. Al-Lawati, Deena Al Asfoor, Nawal M. Al Qaoud, Monira Alarouj, Fadia AlBuhairan, Shahla AlDhukair, Maryam A. Aldwairji, Mohamed M. Ali, Farbod Alinezhad, Abdullah Alkandari, Husam F. Alomirah, Eman Aly, Deepak N. Amarapurkar, Lars Bo Andersen, Sigmund A. Anderssen, Dolores S. Andrade, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri, Tahir Aris, Nimmathota Arlappa, Krishna K. Aryal, Felix K. Assah, Batyrbek Assembekov, Juha Auvinen, Mária Avdičová, Kishwar Azad, Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad, Fereidoun Azizi, Flora Bacopoulou, Nagalla Balakrishna, Mohamed Bamoshmoosh, Maciej Banach, Piotr Bandosz, José R. Banegas, Carlo M. Barbagallo, Alberto Barceló, Maja Baretić, Lena Barrera, Abdul Basit, Anwar M. Batieha, Aline P. Batista, Louise A. Baur, Antonisamy Belavendra, Habiba Ben Romdhane, Mikhail Benet, Salim Berkinbayev, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Ximena Berrios Carrasola, Heloísa Bettiol, Augustin F. Beybey, Santosh K. Bhargava, Elysée Claude Bika Lele, Mukharram M. Bikbov, Bihungum Bista, Peter Bjerregaard, Espen Bjertness, Marius B. Bjertness, Cecilia Björkelund, Katia V. Bloch, Anneke Blokstra, Simona Bo, Martin Bobak, Jose G. Boggia, Marialaura Bonaccio, Alice Bonilla-Vargas, Herman Borghs, Pascal Bovet, Imperia Brajkovich, Hermann Brenner, Lizzy M. Brewster, Garry R. Brian, Yajaira Briceño, Miguel Brito, Anna Bugge, Frank Buntinx, Antonio Cabrera de León, Roberta B. Caixeta, Günay Can, Ana Paula C. Cândido, Mario V. Capanzana, Naděžda Čapková, Eduardo Capuano, Rocco Capuano, Vincenzo Capuano, Viviane C. Cardoso, Axel C. Carlsson, Felipe F. Casanueva, Laura Censi, Marvin Cervantes‐Loaiza, Parinya Chamnan, Snehalatha Chamukuttan, Queenie Chan, Fadi J. Charchar, Nish Chaturvedi, Huashuai Chen, Bahman Cheraghian, María-Dolores Chirlaque, Jerzy Chudek, Renata Cifkova, Massimo Cirillo, Frank Claessens, Emmanuel Cohen, Hans Concin, Cyrus Cooper, Simona Costanzo, Chris Cowell, Ana B. Crujeiras, Juan J. Cruz, Felipe V. Cureau, Sarah Cuschieri, Graziella D’Arrigo, Eleonora d’Orsi, Jean Dallongeville, Albertino Damasceno, Saeed Dastgiri, Amalia De Curtis, Giovanni de Gaetano, Stefaan De Henauw, Mohan Deepa, Vincent DeGennaro, Stefaan Demarest, Elaine Dennison, Valérie Deschamps, Meghnath Dhimal, Zivka Dika, Shirin Djalalinia, Chiara Donfrancesco, Guanghui Dong, Maria Dorobantu, Marcus Dörr, Nico Dragano, Wojciech Drygas, Yong Du, Charmaine A. Duante, Priscilla Duboz, Anar Dushpanova, Elzbieta Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Narges Ebrahimi, Ricky Eddie, Ebrahim Eftekhar, Vasiliki Efthymiou, Eruke E. Egbagbe, Sareh Eghtesad, Mohammad El-Khateeb, Jalila El Ati, Denise Eldemire-Shearer, Roberto Elosua, Ofem Enang, Rajiv T. Erasmus, Raimund Erbel, Cihangir Erem, Gul Ergor, Louise Eriksen, Johan G. Eriksson, Ali Esmaeili, Roger G. Evans, Ildar Fakhradiyev, Caroline H. Fall, Elnaz Faramarzi, Mojtaba Farjam, Yosef Farzi, Mohammad Reza Fattahi, Asher Fawwad, Francisco J. Felix-Redondo, Trevor S. Ferguson, Daniel Fernández-Bergés, Marika Ferrari, Catterina Ferreccio, Haroldo S. Ferreira, Eldridge Ferrer, Edith J. M. Feskens, David Flood, Maria Forsner, Sandrine Fosse, Edward F. Fottrell, Heba M. Fouad, Damian K. Francis, Guillermo Frontera, Takuro Furusawa, Zbigniew Gaciong, Sarah P. Garnett, Magda Gasull, Andrea Gazzinelli, Ulrike Gehring, Ebrahim Ghaderi, Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari, Ali Ghanbari, Erfan Ghasemi, Oana-Florentina Gheorghe-Fronea, Anup Ghimire, Alessandro Gialluisi, Simona Giampaoli, Francesco Gianfagna, Tiffany K. Gill, Glen Gironella, Aleksander Giwercman, David Goltzman, Aleksandra Gomula, Helen Gonçalves, Mauer Gonçalves, David A. Gonzalez-Chica, Marcela Gonzalez-Gross, Juan P. González-Rivas, María-Elena González-Villalpando, Angel R. Gonzalez, Frederic Gottrand, Dušan Grafnetter, Tomasz Grodzicki, Anders Grøntved, Ramiro Guerrero, Unjali P. Gujral, Rajeev Gupta, Laura Gutierrez, Xinyi Gwee, Rosa Haghshenas, Hamid Hakimi, Ian R. Hambleton, Behrooz Hamzeh, Willem A. Hanekom, Dominique Hange, Sari Hantunen, Jie Hao, Rachakulla Hari Kumar, Javad Harooni, Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Shahri, Jun Hata, Christin Heidemann, Rafael dos Santos Henrique, Sauli Herrala, Karl-Heinz Herzig, Ramin Heshmat, Sai Yin Ho, Michelle Holdsworth, Reza Homayounfar, Wilma M. Hopman, Andrea R. V. R. Horimoto, Claudia Hormiga, Bernardo L. Horta, Leila Houti, Christina Howitt, Thein Thein Htay, Aung Soe Htet, Maung Maung Than Htike, José María Huerta, Ilpo Tapani Huhtaniemi, Martijn Huisman, Abdullatif Husseini, Inge Huybrechts, Licia Iacoviello, Ellina M. Iakupova, Anna G. Iannone, Norazizah Ibrahim Wong, Chinwuba Ijoma, Vilma E. Irazola, Takafumi Ishida, Godsent C. Isiguzo, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Duygu Islek, Till Ittermann, Masanori Iwasaki, Tuija Jääskeläinen, Jeremy M. Jacobs, Hashem Y. Jaddou, Michel Jadoul, Bakary Jallow, Kenneth James, Kazi M. Jamil, Edward Janus, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Grazyna Jasienska, Ana Jelaković, Bojan Jelaković, Garry Jennings, Anjani Kumar Jha, Ramon O. Jimenez, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Jari J. Jokelainen, Jost B. Jonas, Pradeep Joshi, Josipa Josipović, Farahnaz Joukar, Jacek Jóźwiak, Anthony Kafatos, Eero O. Kajantie, Zhanna Kalmatayeva, Khem B. Karki, Marzieh Katibeh, Jussi Kauhanen, Gyulli M. Kazakbaeva, François F. Kaze, Calvin Ke, Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Roya Kelishadi, Maryam Keramati, Mathilde Kersting, Yousef Saleh Khader, Arsalan Khaledifar, Davood Khalili, Bahareh Kheiri, Motahareh Kheradmand, Alireza Khosravi, Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Sophia J. Kiechl, Stefan Kiechl, Andrew Kingston, Heidi Klakk, Jana Klanova, Michael Knoflach, Patrick Kolsteren, Jürgen König, Raija Korpelainen, Paul Korrovits, Jelena Kos, Seppo Koskinen, Sudhir Kowlessur, Slawomir Koziel, Susi Kriemler, Peter Lund Kristensen, Daan Kromhout, Ruzena Kubinova, Urho M. Kujala, Mukhtar Kulimbet, Pawel Kurjata, Catherine Kyobutungi, Quang Ngoc La, Demetre Labadarios, Carl Lachat, Youcef Laid, Lachmie Lall, Tiina Lankila, Vera Lanska, Georg Lappas, Bagher Larijani, Tint Swe Latt, Martino Laurenzi, Nils Lehmann, Terho Lehtimäki, Daniel Lemogoum, Gabriel M. Leung, Yanping Li, M. Fernanda Lima-Costa, Hsien-Ho Lin, Lars Lind, Lauren Lissner, Xiaotian Liu, Esther Lopez-Garcia, Tania Lopez, José Eugenio Lozano, Dalia Luksiene, Annamari Lundqvist, Nuno Lunet, Michala Lustigová, George L. L. Machado-Coelho, Aristides M. Machado-Rodrigues, Enguerran Macia, Luisa M. Macieira, Ahmed A. Madar, Gladys E. Maestre, Stefania Maggi, Dianna J. Magliano, Emmanuella Magriplis, Gowri Mahasampath, Bernard Maire, Marcia Makdisse, Mohammad-Reza Malekpour, Fatemeh Malekzadeh, Reza Malekzadeh, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao, Sofia Malyutina, Lynell V. Maniego, Yannis Manios, Masimango Imani Mannix, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Enzo Manzato, Paula Margozzini, Joany Mariño, Larissa Pruner Marques, Reynaldo Martorell, Luis P. Mascarenhas, Masoud Masinaei, Ellisiv B. Mathiesen, Tandi E. Matsha, Anselmo J. Mc Donald Posso, Shelly R. McFarlane, Stephen T. McGarvey, Sounnia Mediene Benchekor, Kirsten Mehlig, Amir Houshang Mehrparvar, Jesus D. Melgarejo, Fabián Méndez, Ana Maria B. Menezes, Alibek Mereke, Indrapal I. Meshram, Diane T. Meto, Cláudia S. Minderico, G. K. Mini, Juan Francisco Miquel, J. Jaime Miranda, Mohammad Reza Mirjalili, Pietro A. Modesti, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Mostafa K. Mohamed, Kazem Mohammad, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Zahra Mohammadi, Noushin Mohammadifard, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Viswanathan Mohan, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff, Iraj Mohebbi, Niels C. Møller, Dénes Molnár, Amirabbas Momenan, Charles K. Mondo, Roger A. Montenegro Mendoza, Eric Monterrubio-Flores, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Farhad Moradpour, Alain Morejon, Luis A. Moreno, Karen Morgan, Suzanne N. Morin, Alireza Moslem, Mildrey Mosquera, Malgorzata Mossakowska, Aya Mostafa, Seyed-Ali Mostafavi, Mohammad Esmaeel Motlagh, Jorge Motta, Kelias P. Msyamboza, Thet Thet Mu, Maria L. Muiesan, Jaakko Mursu, Kamarul Imran Musa, Norlaila Mustafa, Muel Telo M. C. Muyer, Iraj Nabipour, Gabriele Nagel, Balkish M. Naidu, Farid Najafi, Jana Námešná, Vinay B. Nangia, Take Naseri, Nareemarn Neelapaichit, Azim Nejatizadeh, Ilona Nenko, Flavio Nervi, Tze Pin Ng, Chung T. Nguyen, Quang Ngoc Nguyen, Michael Y. Ni, Peng Nie, Ramfis E. Nieto-Martínez, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Marianna Noale, Oscar A. Noboa, Davide Noto, Mohannad Al Nsour, Irfan Nuhoğlu, Terence W. O’Neill, Augustine N. Odili, Kyungwon Oh, Ryutaro Ohtsuka, Mohd Azahadi Omar, Altan Onat, Sok King Ong, Obinna Onodugo, Pedro Ordunez, Rui Ornelas, Pedro J. Ortiz, Clive Osmond, Afshin Ostovar, Johanna A. Otero, Charlotte B. Ottendahl, Akaninyene Otu, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Luigi Palmieri, Wen-Harn Pan, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Francesco Panza, Mariela Paoli, Suyeon Park, Mahboubeh Parsaeian, Nikhil D. Patel, Raimund Pechlaner, Ivan Pećin, João M. Pedro, Sergio Viana Peixoto, Markku Peltonen, Alexandre C. Pereira, Thaliane Mayara Pessôa dos Prazeres, Niloofar Peykari, Modou Cheyassin Phall, Son Thai Pham, Hiep Hoang Phan, Rafael N. Pichardo, Hynek Pikhart, Aida Pilav, Pavel Piler, Freda Pitakaka, Aleksandra Piwonska, Andreia N. Pizarro, Pedro Plans-Rubió, Silvia Plata, Miquel Porta, Anil Poudyal, Farhad Pourfarzi, Akram Pourshams, Hossein Poustchi, Rajendra Pradeepa, Rui Providencia, Jardena J. Puder, Solie Puhakka, Margus Punab, Mostafa Qorbani, Hedley K. Quintana, Tran Quoc Bao, Salar Rahimikazerooni, Olli Raitakari, Manuel Ramirez-Zea, Jacqueline Ramke, Rafel Ramos, Lekhraj Rampal, Sanjay Rampal, Daniel A. Rangel Reina, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Josep Redon, Jane D. P. Renner, Cézane P. Reuter, Luis Revilla, Negar Rezaei, Abbas Rezaianzadeh, Fernando Rigo, Reina G. Roa, Louise Robinson, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, María del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Laura A. Rodríguez-Villamizar, Andrea Y. Rodríguez, Ulla Roggenbuck, Peter Rohloff, Elisabetta L. Romeo, Annika Rosengren, Adolfo Rubinstein, Petra Rust, Marcin Rutkowski, Hamideh Sabbaghi, Harshpal S. Sachdev, Alireza Sadjadi, Ali Reza Safarpour, Sare Safi, Saeid Safiri, Mohammad Hossien Saghi, Olfa Saidi, Nader Saki, Sanja Šalaj, Benoit Salanave, Jukka T. Salonen, Massimo Salvetti, Jose Sánchez-Abanto, Diana A. Santos, Lèlita C. Santos, Maria Paula Santos, Tamara R. Santos, Jouko L. Saramies, Luis B. Sardinha, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Kai-Uwe Saum, Mariana Sbaraini, Marcia Scazufca, Beatriz D. Schaan, Christa Scheidt-Nave, Sabine Schipf, Carsten O. Schmidt, Ben Schöttker, Sara Schramm, Sylvain Sebert, Moslem Sedaghattalab, Aye Aye Sein, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Ronel Sewpaul, Teresa Shamah-Levy, Seyed Morteza Shamshirgaran, Maryam Sharafkhah, Sanjib K. Sharma, Almaz Sharman, Amaneh Shayanrad, Ali Akbar Shayesteh, Hana Shimizu-Furusawa, Rahman Shiri, Namuna Shrestha, Khairil Si-Ramlee, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Mary Simon, Judith Simons, Leon A. Simons, Michael Sjöström, Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer, Przemysław Slusarczyk, Liam Smeeth, Eugène Sobngwi, Stefan Söderberg, Agustinus Soemantri, Reecha Sofat, Vincenzo Solfrizzi, Mohammad Hossein Somi, Aïcha Soumaré, Alfonso Sousa-Poza, Karen Sparrenberger, Jan A. Staessen, Bill Stavreski, Jostein Steene-Johannessen, Peter Stehle, Aryeh D. Stein, Jochanan Stessman, Jakub Stokwiszewski, Karien Stronks, Milton F. Suarez-Ortegón, Phalakorn Suebsamran, Johan Sundström, Paibul Suriyawongpaisal, René Charles Sylva, Moyses Szklo, Abdonas Tamosiunas, Mohammed Rasoul Tarawneh, Carolina B. Tarqui-Mamani, Anne Taylor, Julie Taylor, Tania Tello, K. R. Thankappan, Holger Theobald, Xenophon Theodoridis, Nihal Thomas, Amanda G. Thrift, Erik J. Timmermans, Dwi Hapsari Tjandrarini, Hanna K. Tolonen, Janne S. Tolstrup, Maciej Tomaszewski, Murat Topbas, Laura Torres-Collado, Pierre Traissac, Areti Triantafyllou, John Tuitele, Azaliia M. Tuliakova, Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen, Evangelia Tzala, Christophe Tzourio, Peter Ueda, Eunice Ugel, Flora A. M. Ukoli, Hanno Ulmer, Hannu M. T. Uusitalo, Gonzalo Valdivia, Bert-Jan van den Born, Johan Van der Heyden, Hoang Van Minh, Lenie van Rossem, Natasja M. Van Schoor, Irene G. M. van Valkengoed, Elisabeth M. van Zutphen, Dirk Vanderschueren, Diego Vanuzzo, Senthil K. Vasan, Tomas Vega, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez, Roosmarijn Verstraeten, Lucie Viet, Salvador Villalpando, Jesus Vioque, Jyrki K. Virtanen, Bharathi Viswanathan, Ari Voutilainen, Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud, Chongjian Wang, Ningli Wang, Qian Wang, Ya Xing Wang, Ying-Wei Wang, S. Goya Wannamethee, Karen Webster-Kerr, Niels Wedderkopp, Wenbin Wei, Leo D. Westbury, Peter H. Whincup, Kurt Widhalm, Indah S. Widyahening, Andrzej Więcek, Rainford J. Wilks, Johann Willeit, Peter Willeit, Tom Wilsgaard, Bogdan Wojtyniak, Andrew Wong, Emily B. Wong, Mark Woodward, Frederick C. Wu, Haiquan Xu, Liang Xu, Nor Azwany Yaacob, Li Yan, Weili Yan, Moein Yoosefi, Akihiro Yoshihara, Novie O. Younger-Coleman, Yu-Ling Yu, Yunjiang Yu, Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff, Ahmad A. Zainuddin, Farhad Zamani, Sabina Zambon, Antonis Zampelas, Ko Ko Zaw, Tajana Zeljkovic Vrkic, Yi Zeng, Zhen-Yu Zhang, Bekbolat Zholdin, Paul Zimmet, Emanuel Zitt, Nada Zoghlami, Julio Zuñiga Cisneros, Majid Ezzati

Nature Medicine 2023.11

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Abstract

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but these measurements can identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening, had elevated FPG, HbA1c or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardized proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed and detected in survey screening ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the age-standardized proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29–39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c was more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global shortfall in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance.

DOI： 10.1038/s41591-023-02610-2

Other Link： https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-023-02610-2

Associations between Plasma Antibody Levels against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Atrial Fibrillation among Community-Dwelling Older Individuals in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study. Reviewed International journal

Takashi Hoshino, Noboru Kaneko, Akihiro Yoshihara, Masanori Iwasaki, Kana Suwama, Yumi Ito, Junta Tanaka, Ichiei Narita, Hiroshi Ogawa

Oral health & preventive dentistry 21 ( 1 ) 339 - 346 2023.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

PURPOSE: To investigate the association between plasma antibody levels against Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG) and atrial fibrillation (AF) history in community-dwelling older individuals in Japan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a subset of the Uonuma cohort study, including 3091 participants aged 60-79 years. Data were collected, including AF history as a dependent variable, plasma immunoglobulin G antibody levels against PG as an independent variable, and previously reported AF risk factors and demographic information as covariates. RESULTS: The median age of the participants was 69 years. Of the 3091 participants, 1411 (45.6%) were men, and 56 (1.8%) had an AF history. AF prevalence was significantly higher in participants with higher antibody levels against PG than in those with lower antibody levels (3.0% vs 1.4%; p = 0.005). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that participants with higher antibody levels against PG had twofold higher odds of having AF (odds ratio = 2.13; 95% confidence interval = 1.23-3.69). Restricted cubic spline analysis indicated a nonlinear relationship between antibody levels against PG and AF history. CONCLUSION: Plasma antibody levels against PG were associated with AF history in community-dwelling older individuals in Japan.

DOI： 10.3290/j.ohpd.b4528813

Changes in oral health status with dental intervention during the acute to subacute stages of stroke. Reviewed International journal

Ayu Sakai, Koichiro Matsuo, Yu Sekimoto, Rena Hidaka, Akihiro Yoshihara

Gerodontology 2023.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the changes in oral health status with dental intervention during the acute and subacute stages of stroke and their associations with oral intake status. BACKGROUND: Oral health may deteriorate easily in patients following a stroke. However, data are scarce on the changes in oral health with dental intervention throughout the acute and subacute stages of stroke recovery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We prospectively recruited 98 stroke patients who were admitted to an acute hospital and referred to a dental team and then could be followed at a subacute rehabilitation unit in the same hospital. Provided dental intervention, including oral health care and other general dental treatments, was recorded. Oral health was assessed with Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT), and the changes in OHAT score during the acute and subacute stages were statistically tested. Oral feeding status was examined using Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS). The cohort was divided into the non-oral feeding, dysphagia and regular diet groups based on FOIS score. Differences in OHAT among the oral intake groups were statistically tested. RESULTS: Gross OHAT score did not differ among the oral intake groups at the time of admission (mean ± standard deviation score: 6.5 ± 2.8 for non-oral diet, 5.6 ± 2.4 for dysphagia diet and 5.3 ± 2.1 for regular diet), but improved more in the regular diet group (2.4 ± 1.5) than in the other groups (5.8 ± 3.0 for non-oral diet and 4.0 ± 2.1 for dysphagia diet) at the last evaluation. Oral hygiene scores improved significantly in the acute stage, while scores for dentures and natural teeth ameliorated significantly in the subacute stage. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that appropriate dental intervention in the acute and subacute stages of stroke may contribute to improved oral health and oral food intake.

DOI： 10.1111/ger.12706

アルコール摂取状況と歯の喪失との関連についての研究魚沼コホート研究ベースライン調査 Reviewed

諏訪間加奈, 岩崎正則, 伊藤由美, 葭原明弘

口腔衛生学会雑誌 73 ( 3 ) 177 - 184 2023.7

Language：Japanese Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会

本研究の目的はアルコール摂取状況と歯の喪失との関連を明らかにすることである.40歳以上の25,216名を分析対象とした.分析では,性別およびアルコール摂取状況[非飲酒者,過去飲酒者,現在飲酒者(週1～149g,週150～299g,週300～449g,週450g以上)]により対象者特性を比較した.その後,アルコール摂取状況と歯の喪失との関連について,ロジスティック回帰分析を行った.従属変数を歯の喪失程度(「現在歯数20本未満」および「無歯顎」)とし,独立変数をアルコール摂取状況とした.その結果,男性で,現在歯数20本未満と非飲酒者,過去飲酒者,週450g以上との間に有意な関連がみられた[週1～149gと比較したオッズ比(95%信頼区間)=1.49(1.29-1.72),1.25(1.05-1.49),1.22(1.07-1.39)].無歯顎は非飲酒者との間に有意な関連がみられた[1.70(1.33-2.18)].一方,女性で,現在歯数20本未満と非飲酒者,週150～299g,週450g以上との間に有意な関連がみられた[1.20(1.08-1.34),1.28(1.04-1.57),1.64(1.12-2.40)].無歯顎は週450g以上との間に有意な関連がみられた[3.18(1.31-7.76)].アルコール摂取状況は歯の喪失と関連し,現在飲酒者においてアルコール摂取量が多いほど関連が強く,その関連の程度には性差がみられた.(著者抄録)

Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/default/link?pub_year=2023&ichushi_jid=J00440&link_issn=&doc_id=20230814210002&doc_link_id=%2Fdk1dehea%2F2023%2F007303%2F002%2F0177-0184%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdk1dehea%2F2023%2F007303%2F002%2F0177-0184%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development Reviewed

Anu Mishra, Bin Zhou, Andrea Rodriguez-Martinez, Honor Bixby, Rosie K. Singleton, Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco, Kate E. Sheffer, Christopher J. Paciorek, James E. Bennett, Victor Lhoste, Maria L. C. Iurilli, Mariachiara Di Cesare, James Bentham, Nowell H. Phelps, Marisa K. Sophiea, Gretchen A. Stevens, Goodarz Danaei, Melanie J. Cowan, Stefan Savin, Leanne M. Riley, Edward W. Gregg, Wichai Aekplakorn, Noor Ani Ahmad, Jennifer L. Baker, Adela Chirita-Emandi, Farshad Farzadfar, Günther Fink, Mirjam Heinen, Nayu Ikeda, Andre P. Kengne, Young-Ho Khang, Tiina Laatikainen, Avula Laxmaiah, Jun Ma, Michele Monroy-Valle, Malay K. Mridha, Cristina P. Padez, Andrew Reynolds, Maroje Sorić, Gregor Starc, James P. Wirth, Leandra Abarca-Gómez, Ziad A. Abdeen, Shynar Abdrakhmanova, Suhaila Abdul Ghaffar, Hanan F. Abdul Rahim, Zulfiya Abdurrahmonova, Niveen M. Abu-Rmeileh, Jamila Abubakar Garba, Benjamin Acosta-Cazares, Ishag Adam, Marzena Adamczyk, Robert J. Adams, Seth Adu-Afarwuah, Kaosar Afsana, Shoaib Afzal, Valirie N. Agbor, Imelda A. Agdeppa, Javad Aghazadeh-Attari, Hassan Aguenaou, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Charles Agyemang, Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad, Ali Ahmadi, Naser Ahmadi, Nastaran Ahmadi, Imran Ahmed, Soheir H. Ahmed, Wolfgang Ahrens, Gulmira Aitmurzaeva, Kamel Ajlouni, Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa, Badreya Al-Lahou, Rajaa Al-Raddadi, Huda M. Al Hourani, Nawal M. Al Qaoud, Monira Alarouj, Fadia AlBuhairan, Shahla AlDhukair, Maryam A. Aldwairji, Sylvia Alexius, Mohamed M. Ali, Abdullah Alkandari, Ala’a Alkerwi, Buthaina M. Alkhatib, Kristine Allin, Mar Alvarez-Pedrerol, Eman Aly, Deepak N. Amarapurkar, Pilar Amiano Etxezarreta, John Amoah, Norbert Amougou, Philippe Amouyel, Lars Bo Andersen, Sigmund A. Anderssen, Odysseas Androutsos, Lars Ängquist, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Elena Anufrieva, Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri, Joana Araújo, Inger Ariansen, Tahir Aris, Raphael E. Arku, Nimmathota Arlappa, Krishna K. Aryal, Nega Aseffa, Thor Aspelund, Felix K. Assah, Batyrbek Assembekov, Maria Cecília F. Assunção, May Soe Aung, Juha Auvinen, Mária Avdičová, Shina Avi, Ana Azevedo, Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad, Fereidoun Azizi, Mehrdad Azmin, Bontha V. Babu, Maja Bæksgaard Jørgensen, Azli Baharudin, Suhad Bahijri, Marta Bakacs, Nagalla Balakrishna, Yulia Balanova, Mohamed Bamoshmoosh, Maciej Banach, José R. Banegas, Joanna Baran, Rafał Baran, Carlo M. Barbagallo, Valter Barbosa Filho, Alberto Barceló, Maja Baretić, Amina Barkat, Joaquin Barnoya, Lena Barrera, Marta Barreto, Aluisio J. D. Barros, Mauro Virgílio Gomes Barros, Anna Bartosiewicz, Abdul Basit, Joao Luiz D. Bastos, Iqbal Bata, Anwar M. Batieha, Aline P. Batista, Rosangela L. Batista, Zhamilya Battakova, Louise A. Baur, Pascal M. Bayauli, Robert Beaglehole, Silvia Bel-Serrat, Antonisamy Belavendra, Habiba Ben Romdhane, Judith Benedics, Mikhail Benet, Gilda Estela Benitez Rolandi, Elling Bere, Ingunn Holden Bergh, Yemane Berhane, Salim Berkinbayev, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Gailute Bernotiene, Ximena Berrios Carrasola, Heloísa Bettiol, Manfred E. Beutel, Augustin F. Beybey, Jorge Bezerra, Aroor Bhagyalaxmi, Sumit Bharadwaj, Santosh K. Bhargava, Hongsheng Bi, Yufang Bi, Daniel Bia, Katia Biasch, Elysée Claude Bika Lele, Mukharram M. Bikbov, Bihungum Bista, Dusko J. Bjelica, Anne A. Bjerregaard, Peter Bjerregaard, Espen Bjertness, Marius B. Bjertness, Cecilia Björkelund, Katia V. Bloch, Anneke Blokstra, Moran Blychfeld Magnazu, Simona Bo, Martin Bobak, Lynne M. Boddy, Bernhard O. Boehm, Jolanda M. A. Boer, Jose G. Boggia, Elena Bogova, Carlos P. Boissonnet, Stig E. Bojesen, Marialaura Bonaccio, Vanina Bongard, Alice Bonilla-Vargas, Matthias Bopp, Herman Borghs, Pascal Bovet, Khadichamo Boymatova, Lien Braeckevelt, Lutgart Braeckman, Marjolijn C. E. Bragt, Imperia Brajkovich, Francesco Branca, Juergen Breckenkamp, João Breda, Hermann Brenner, Lizzy M. Brewster, Garry R. Brian, Yajaira Briceño, Lacramioara Brinduse, Miguel Brito, Sinead Brophy, Johannes Brug, Graziella Bruno, Anna Bugge, Frank Buntinx, Marta Buoncristiano, Genc Burazeri, Con Burns, Antonio Cabrera de León, Joseph Cacciottolo, Hui Cai, Roberta B. Caixeta, Tilema Cama, Christine Cameron, José Camolas, Günay Can, Ana Paula C. Cândido, Felicia Cañete, Mario V. Capanzana, Naděžda Čapková, Eduardo Capuano, Rocco Capuano, Vincenzo Capuano, Marloes Cardol, Viviane C. Cardoso, Axel C. Carlsson, Esteban Carmuega, Joana Carvalho, José A. Casajús, Felipe F. Casanueva, Maribel Casas, Ertugrul Celikcan, Laura Censi, Marvin Cervantes‐Loaiza, Juraci A. Cesar, Snehalatha Chamukuttan, Angelique Chan, Queenie Chan, Himanshu K. Chaturvedi, Nish Chaturvedi, Norsyamlina Che Abdul Rahim, Miao Li Chee, Chien-Jen Chen, Fangfang Chen, Huashuai Chen, Shuohua Chen, Zhengming Chen, Ching-Yu Cheng, Yiling J. Cheng, Bahman Cheraghian, Angela Chetrit, Ekaterina Chikova-Iscener, Mai J. M. Chinapaw, Anne Chinnock, Arnaud Chiolero, Shu-Ti Chiou, María-Dolores Chirlaque, Belong Cho, Kaare Christensen, Diego G. Christofaro, Jerzy Chudek, Renata Cifkova, Michelle Cilia, Eliza Cinteza, Massimo Cirillo, Frank Claessens, Janine Clarke, Els Clays, Emmanuel Cohen, Laura-María Compañ-Gabucio, Hans Concin, Susana C. Confortin, Cyrus Cooper, Tara C. Coppinger, Eva Corpeleijn, Lilia Yadira Cortés, Simona Costanzo, Dominique Cottel, Chris Cowell, Cora L. Craig, Amelia C. Crampin, Amanda J. Cross, Ana B. Crujeiras, Juan J. Cruz, Tamás Csányi, Semánová Csilla, Alexandra M. Cucu, Liufu Cui, Felipe V. Cureau, Sarah Cuschieri, Ewelina Czenczek-Lewandowska, Graziella D’Arrigo, Eleonora d’Orsi, Liliana Dacica, Jean Dallongeville, Albertino Damasceno, Camilla T. Damsgaard, Rachel Dankner, Thomas M. Dantoft, Parasmani Dasgupta, Saeed Dastgiri, Luc Dauchet, Kairat Davletov, Maria Alice Altenburg de Assis, Guy De Backer, Dirk De Bacquer, Amalia De Curtis, Patrícia de Fragas Hinnig, Giovanni de Gaetano, Stefaan De Henauw, Pilar De Miguel-Etayo, Paula Duarte de Oliveira, David De Ridder, Karin De Ridder, Susanne R. de Rooij, Delphine De Smedt, Mohan Deepa, Alexander D. Deev, Vincent DeGennaro, Hélène Delisle, Francis Delpeuch, Stefaan Demarest, Elaine Dennison, Katarzyna Dereń, Valérie Deschamps, Meghnath Dhimal, Augusto Di Castelnuovo, Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa, María Elena Díaz-Sánchez, Alejandro Diaz, Pedro Díaz Fernández, María Pilar Díez Ripollés, Zivka Dika, Shirin Djalalinia, Visnja Djordjic, Ha T. P. Do, Annette J. Dobson, Liria Dominguez, Maria Benedetta Donati, Chiara Donfrancesco, Guanghui Dong, Yanhui Dong, Silvana P. Donoso, Angela Döring, Maria Dorobantu, Ahmad Reza Dorosty, Kouamelan Doua, Nico Dragano, Wojciech Drygas, Jia Li Duan, Charmaine A. Duante, Priscilla Duboz, Vesselka L. Duleva, Virginija Dulskiene, Samuel C. Dumith, Anar Dushpanova, Azhar Dyussupova, Vilnis Dzerve, Elzbieta Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Guadalupe Echeverría, Ricky Eddie, Ebrahim Eftekhar, Eruke E. Egbagbe, Robert Eggertsen, Sareh Eghtesad, Gabriele Eiben, Ulf Ekelund, Mohammad El-Khateeb, Laila El Ammari, Jalila El Ati, Denise Eldemire-Shearer, Marie Eliasen, Paul Elliott, Ronit Endevelt, Reina Engle-Stone, Rajiv T. Erasmus, Raimund Erbel, Cihangir Erem, Gul Ergor, Louise Eriksen, Johan G. Eriksson, Jorge Escobedo-de la Peña, Saeid Eslami, Ali Esmaeili, Alun Evans, David Faeh, Ildar Fakhradiyev, Albina A. Fakhretdinova, Caroline H. Fall, Elnaz Faramarzi, Mojtaba Farjam, Victoria Farrugia Sant’Angelo, Mohammad Reza Fattahi, Asher Fawwad, Wafaie W. Fawzi, Edit Feigl, Francisco J. Felix-Redondo, Trevor S. Ferguson, Romulo A. Fernandes, Daniel Fernández-Bergés, Daniel Ferrante, Thomas Ferrao, Gerson Ferrari, Marika Ferrari, Marco M. Ferrario, Catterina Ferreccio, Haroldo S. Ferreira, Eldridge Ferrer, Jean Ferrieres, Thamara Hubler Figueiró, Anna Fijalkowska, Mauro Fisberg, Krista Fischer, Leng Huat Foo, Maria Forsner, Heba M. Fouad, Damian K. Francis, Maria do Carmo Franco, Zlatko Fras, Guillermo Frontera, Flavio D. Fuchs, Sandra C. Fuchs, Isti I. Fujiati, Yuki Fujita, Matsuda Fumihiko, Viktoriya Furdela, Takuro Furusawa, Zbigniew Gaciong, Mihai Gafencu, Manuel Galán Cuesta, Andrzej Galbarczyk, Henrike Galenkamp, Daniela Galeone, Myriam Galfo, Fabio Galvano, Jingli Gao, Pei Gao, Manoli Garcia-de-la-Hera, María José García Mérida, Marta García Solano, Dickman Gareta, Sarah P. Garnett, Jean-Michel Gaspoz, Magda Gasull, Adroaldo Cesar Araujo Gaya, Anelise Reis Gaya, Andrea Gazzinelli, Ulrike Gehring, Harald Geiger, Johanna M. Geleijnse, Ronnie George, Ebrahim Ghaderi, Ali Ghanbari, Erfan Ghasemi, Oana-Florentina Gheorghe-Fronea, Alessandro Gialluisi, Simona Giampaoli, Francesco Gianfagna, Christian Gieger, Tiffany K. Gill, Jonathan Giovannelli, Glen Gironella, Aleksander Giwercman, Konstantinos Gkiouras, Natalya Glushkova, Natalja Gluškova, Ramesh Godara, Justyna Godos, Sibel Gogen, Marcel Goldberg, David Goltzman, Georgina Gómez, Jesús Humberto Gómez Gómez, Luis F. Gomez, Santiago F. Gómez, Aleksandra Gomula, Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva, Helen Gonçalves, Mauer Gonçalves, Ana D. González-Alvarez, David A. Gonzalez-Chica, Esther M. González-Gil, Marcela Gonzalez-Gross, Margot González-Leon, Juan P. González-Rivas, Clicerio González-Villalpando, María-Elena González-Villalpando, Angel R. Gonzalez, Frederic Gottrand, Antonio Pedro Graça, Sidsel Graff-Iversen, Dušan Grafnetter, Aneta Grajda, Maria G. Grammatikopoulou, Ronald D. Gregor, Maria João Gregório, Else Karin Grøholt, Anders Grøntved, Giuseppe Grosso, Gabriella Gruden, Dongfeng Gu, Viviana Guajardo, Emanuela Gualdi-Russo, Pilar Guallar-Castillón, Andrea Gualtieri, Elias F. Gudmundsson, Vilmundur Gudnason, Ramiro Guerrero, Idris Guessous, Andre L. Guimaraes, Martin C. Gulliford, Johanna Gunnlaugsdottir, Marc J. Gunter, Xiu-Hua Guo, Yin Guo, Prakash C. Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Oye Gureje, Enrique Gutiérrez González, Laura Gutierrez, Felix Gutzwiller, Xinyi Gwee, Seongjun Ha, Farzad Hadaegh, Charalambos A. Hadjigeorgiou, Rosa Haghshenas, Hamid Hakimi, Jytte Halkjær, Ian R. Hambleton, Behrooz Hamzeh, Willem A. Hanekom, Dominique Hange, Abu A. M. Hanif, Sari Hantunen, Jie Hao, Carla Menêses Hardman, Rachakulla Hari Kumar, Tina Harmer Lassen, Javad Harooni, Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Shahri, Maria Hassapidou, Jun Hata, Teresa Haugsgjerd, Alison J. Hayes, Jiang He, Yuan He, Yuna He, Regina Heidinger-Felső, Margit Heier, Tatjana Hejgaard, Marleen Elisabeth Hendriks, Rafael dos Santos Henrique, Ana Henriques, Leticia Hernandez Cadena, Sauli Herrala, Marianella Herrera-Cuenca, Victor M. Herrera, Isabelle Herter-Aeberli, Karl-Heinz Herzig, Ramin Heshmat, Allan G. Hill, Sai Yin Ho, Suzanne C. Ho, Michael Hobbs, Doroteia A. Höfelmann, Michelle Holdsworth, Reza Homayounfar, Clara Homs, Wilma M. Hopman, Andrea R. V. R. Horimoto, Claudia M. Hormiga, Bernardo L. Horta, Leila Houti, Christina Howitt, Thein Thein Htay, Aung Soe Htet, Maung Maung Than Htike, Yonghua Hu, José María Huerta, Ilpo Tapani Huhtaniemi, Laetitia Huiart, Constanta Huidumac Petrescu, Martijn Huisman, Abdullatif Husseini, Chinh Nguyen Huu, Inge Huybrechts, Nahla Hwalla, Jolanda Hyska, Licia Iacoviello, Ellina M. Iakupova, Jesús M. Ibarluzea, Mohsen M. Ibrahim, Norazizah Ibrahim Wong, M. Arfan Ikram, Carmen Iñiguez, Violeta Iotova, Vilma E. Irazola, Takafumi Ishida, Godsent C. Isiguzo, Muhammad Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Duygu Islek, Ivaila Y. Ivanova-Pandourska, Masanori Iwasaki, Tuija Jääskeläinen, Rod T. Jackson, Jeremy M. Jacobs, Michel Jadoul, Tazeen Jafar, Bakary Jallow, Kenneth James, Kazi M. Jamil, Konrad Jamrozik, Anna Jansson, Imre Janszky, Edward Janus, Juel Jarani, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Grazyna Jasienska, Ana Jelaković, Bojan Jelaković, Garry Jennings, Chao Qiang Jiang, Ramon O. Jimenez, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Michel Joffres, Jari J. Jokelainen, Jost B. Jonas, Jitendra Jonnagaddala, Torben Jørgensen, Pradeep Joshi, Josipa Josipović, Farahnaz Joukar, Jacek J. Jóźwiak, Debra S. Judge, Anne Juolevi, Gregor Jurak, Iulia Jurca Simina, Vesna Juresa, Rudolf Kaaks, Felix O. Kaducu, Anthony Kafatos, Mónika Kaj, Eero O. Kajantie, Natia Kakutia, Daniela Kállayová, Zhanna Kalmatayeva, Ofra Kalter-Leibovici, Yves Kameli, Freja B. Kampmann, Kodanda R. Kanala, Srinivasan Kannan, Efthymios Kapantais, Eva Karaglani, Argyro Karakosta, Line L. Kårhus, Khem B. Karki, Philippe B. Katchunga, Marzieh Katibeh, Joanne Katz, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Jussi Kauhanen, Prabhdeep Kaur, Maryam Kavousi, Gyulli M. Kazakbaeva, François F. Kaze, Calvin Ke, Ulrich Keil, Lital Keinan Boker, Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Roya Kelishadi, Cecily Kelleher, Han C. G. Kemper, Maryam Keramati, Alina Kerimkulova, Mathilde Kersting, Timothy Key, Yousef Saleh Khader, Arsalan Khaledifar, Davood Khalili, Kay-Tee Khaw, Bahareh Kheiri, Motahareh Kheradmand, Alireza Khosravi, Ilse M. S. L. Khouw, Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Sophia J. Kiechl, Stefan Kiechl, Japhet Killewo, Hyeon Chang Kim, Jeongseon Kim, Jenny M. Kindblom, Andrew Kingston, Heidi Klakk, Magdalena Klimek, Jeannette Klimont, Jurate Klumbiene, Michael Knoflach, Bhawesh Koirala, Elin Kolle, Patrick Kolsteren, Jürgen König, Raija Korpelainen, Paul Korrovits, Magdalena Korzycka, Jelena Kos, Seppo Koskinen, Katsuyasu Kouda, Éva Kovács, Viktoria Anna Kovacs, Irina Kovalskys, Sudhir Kowlessur, Slawomir Koziel, Jana Kratenova, Wolfgang Kratzer, Vilma Kriaucioniene, Susi Kriemler, Peter Lund Kristensen, Helena Krizan, Maria F. Kroker-Lobos, Steinar Krokstad, Daan Kromhout, Herculina S. Kruger, Ruan Kruger, Łukasz Kryst, Ruzena Kubinova, Renata Kuciene, Urho M. Kujala, Enisa Kujundzic, Zbigniew Kulaga, Mukhtar Kulimbet, R. Krishna Kumar, Marie Kunešová, Pawel Kurjata, Yadlapalli S. Kusuma, Vladimir Kutsenko, Kari Kuulasmaa, Catherine Kyobutungi, Quang Ngoc La, Fatima Zahra Laamiri, Carl Lachat, Karl J. Lackner, Youcef Laid, Lachmie Lall, Tai Hing Lam, Maritza Landaeta Jimenez, Edwige Landais, Vera Lanska, Georg Lappas, Bagher Larijani, Simo Pone Larissa, Tint Swe Latt, Martino Laurenzi, Laura Lauria, Maria Lazo-Porras, Gwenaëlle Le Coroller, Khanh Le Nguyen Bao, Agnès Le Port, Tuyen D. Le, Jeannette Lee, Jeonghee Lee, Paul H. Lee, Nils Lehmann, Terho Lehtimäki, Daniel Lemogoum, Branimir Leskošek, Justyna Leszczak, Katja B. Leth-Møller, Gabriel M. Leung, Naomi S. Levitt, Yanping Li, Merike Liivak, Christa L. Lilly, Charlie Lim, Wei-Yen Lim, M. Fernanda Lima-Costa, Hsien-Ho Lin, Xu Lin, Yi-Ting Lin, Lars Lind, Vijaya Lingam, Birgit Linkohr, Allan Linneberg, Lauren Lissner, Mieczyslaw Litwin, Jing Liu, Lijuan Liu, Wei-Cheng Lo, Helle-Mai Loit, Khuong Quynh Long, Guadalupe Longo Abril, Luis Lopes, Marcus V. V. Lopes, Oscar Lopes, Esther Lopez-Garcia, Tania Lopez, Paulo A. Lotufo, José Eugenio Lozano, Janice L. Lukrafka, Dalia Luksiene, Annamari Lundqvist, Nuno Lunet, Charles Lunogelo, Michala Lustigová, Edyta Łuszczki, Jean-René M’Buyamba-Kabangu, Guansheng Ma, Xu Ma, George L. L. Machado-Coelho, Aristides M. Machado-Rodrigues, Enguerran Macia, Luisa M. Macieira, Ahmed A. Madar, Anja L. Madsen, Gladys E. Maestre, Stefania Maggi, Dianna J. Magliano, Sara Magnacca, Emmanuella Magriplis, Gowri Mahasampath, Bernard Maire, Marjeta Majer, Marcia Makdisse, Päivi Mäki, Fatemeh Malekzadeh, Reza Malekzadeh, Rahul Malhotra, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao, Sofia K. Malyutina, Lynell V. Maniego, Yannis Manios, Masimango Imani Manix, Jim I. Mann, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Taru Manyanga, Enzo Manzato, Anie Marcil, Paula Margozzini, Joany Mariño, Anastasia Markaki, Oonagh Markey, Eliza Markidou Ioannidou, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Larissa Pruner Marques, Jaume Marrugat, Yves Martin-Prevel, Rosemarie Martin, Reynaldo Martorell, Eva Martos, Katharina Maruszczak, Stefano Marventano, Giovanna Masala, Luis P. Mascarenhas, Shariq R. Masoodi, Ellisiv B. Mathiesen, Prashant Mathur, Alicia Matijasevich, Piotr Matłosz, Tandi E. Matsha, Victor Matsudo, Christina Mavrogianni, Artur Mazur, Jean Claude N. Mbanya, Shelly R. McFarlane, Stephen T. McGarvey, Martin McKee, Stela McLachlan, Rachael M. McLean, Scott B. McLean, Margaret L. McNairy, Breige A. McNulty, Sounnia Mediene Benchekor, Jurate Medzioniene, Parinaz Mehdipour, Kirsten Mehlig, Amir Houshang Mehrparvar, Aline Meirhaeghe, Jørgen Meisfjord, Christa Meisinger, Jesus D. Melgarejo, Marina Melkumova, João Mello, Fabián Méndez, Carlos O. Mendivil, Ana Maria B. Menezes, Geetha R. Menon, Gert B. M. Mensink, Maria Teresa Menzano, Indrapal I. Meshram, Diane T. Meto, Jie Mi, Kim F. Michaelsen, Nathalie Michels, Kairit Mikkel, Karolina Miłkowska, Jody C. Miller, Olga Milushkina, Cláudia S. Minderico, G. K. Mini, Juan Francisco Miquel, J. Jaime Miranda, Mohammad Reza Mirjalili, Daphne Mirkopoulou, Erkin Mirrakhimov, Marjeta Mišigoj-Duraković, Antonio Mistretta, Veronica Mocanu, Pietro A. Modesti, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Bahram Mohajer, Mostafa K. Mohamed, Shukri F. Mohamed, Kazem Mohammad, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Zahra Mohammadi, Noushin Mohammadifard, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Viswanathan Mohan, Salim Mohanna, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff, Iraj Mohebbi, Farnam Mohebi, Marie Moitry, Line T. Møllehave, Niels C. Møller, Dénes Molnár, Amirabbas Momenan, Charles K. Mondo, Roger A. Montenegro Mendoza, Eric Monterrubio-Flores, Kotsedi Daniel K. Monyeki, Jin Soo Moon, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Hermine T. Mopa, Farhad Moradpour, Leila B. Moreira, Alain Morejon, Luis A. Moreno, Francis Morey, Karen Morgan, Suzanne N. Morin, Erik Lykke Mortensen, George Moschonis, Alireza Moslem, Malgorzata Mossakowska, Aya Mostafa, Seyed-Ali Mostafavi, Anabela Mota-Pinto, Jorge Mota, Mohammad Esmaeel Motlagh, Jorge Motta, Marcos André Moura-dos-Santos, Yeva Movsesyan, Kelias P. Msyamboza, Thet Thet Mu, Magdalena Muc, Florian Muca, Boban Mugoša, Maria L. Muiesan, Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Thomas Münzel, Jaakko Mursu, Elaine M. Murtagh, Kamarul Imran Musa, Sanja Musić Milanović, Vera Musil, Geofrey Musinguzi, Muel Telo M. C. Muyer, Iraj Nabipour, Shohreh Naderimagham, Gabriele Nagel, Farid Najafi, Harunobu Nakamura, Hanna Nalecz, Jana Námešná, Ei Ei K. Nang, Vinay B. Nangia, Martin Nankap, Sameer Narake, Paola Nardone, Take Naseri, Matthias Nauck, William A. Neal, Azim Nejatizadeh, Chandini Nekkantti, Keiu Nelis, Ilona Nenko, Martin Neovius, Flavio Nervi, Tze Pin Ng, Chung T. Nguyen, Nguyen D. Nguyen, Quang Ngoc Nguyen, Michael Y. Ni, Rodica Nicolescu, Peng Nie, Ramfis E. Nieto-Martínez, Yury P. Nikitin, Guang Ning, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Nobuo Nishi, Sania Nishtar, Marianna Noale, Oscar A. Noboa, Helena Nogueira, Maria Nordendahl, Børge G. Nordestgaard, Davide Noto, Natalia Nowak-Szczepanska, Mohannad Al Nsour, Irfan Nuhoğlu, Baltazar Nunes, Eha Nurk, Fred Nuwaha, Moffat Nyirenda, Terence W. O’Neill, Dermot O’Reilly, Galina Obreja, Caleb Ochimana, Angélica M. Ochoa-Avilés, Eiji Oda, Augustine N. Odili, Kyungwon Oh, Kumiko Ohara, Claes Ohlsson, Ryutaro Ohtsuka, Örn Olafsson, Maria Teresa A. Olinto, Isabel O. Oliveira, Mohd Azahadi Omar, Saeed M. Omar, Altan Onat, Sok King Ong, N. Charlotte Onland-Moret, Lariane M. Ono, Pedro Ordunez, Rui Ornelas, Ana P. Ortiz, Pedro J. Ortiz, Merete Osler, Clive Osmond, Sergej M. Ostojic, Afshin Ostovar, Johanna A. Otero, Kim Overvad, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Fred Michel Paccaud, Ioannis Pagkalos, Elena Pahomova, Karina Mary de Paiva, Andrzej Pająk, Alberto Palloni, Luigi Palmieri, Wen-Harn Pan, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Arvind Pandey, Francesco Panza, Mariela Paoli, Sousana K. Papadopoulou, Dimitrios Papandreou, Rossina G. Pareja, Soon-Woo Park, Suyeon Park, Winsome R. Parnell, Mahboubeh Parsaeian, Ionela M. Pascanu, Patrick Pasquet, Nikhil D. Patel, Marcos Pattussi, Halyna Pavlyshyn, Raimund Pechlaner, Ivan Pećin, Mangesh S. Pednekar, João M. Pedro, Nasheeta Peer, Sergio Viana Peixoto, Markku Peltonen, Alexandre C. Pereira, Marco A. Peres, Cynthia M. Pérez, Valentina Peterkova, Annette Peters, Astrid Petersmann, Janina Petkeviciene, Ausra Petrauskiene, Olga Petrovna Kovtun, Emanuela Pettenuzzo, Niloofar Peykari, Norbert Pfeiffer, Modou Cheyassin Phall, Son Thai Pham, Rafael N. Pichardo, Daniela Pierannunzio, Iris Pigeot, Hynek Pikhart, Aida Pilav, Lorenza Pilotto, Francesco Pistelli, Freda Pitakaka, Aleksandra Piwonska, Andreia N. Pizarro, Pedro Plans-Rubió, Alina G. Platonova, Bee Koon Poh, Hermann Pohlabeln, Nadija S. Polka, Raluca M. Pop, Stevo R. Popovic, Miquel Porta, Georg Posch, Anil Poudyal, Dimitrios Poulimeneas, Hamed Pouraram, Farhad Pourfarzi, Akram Pourshams, Hossein Poustchi, Rajendra Pradeepa, Alison J. Price, Jacqueline F. Price, Antonio Prista, Rui Providencia, Jardena J. Puder, Iveta Pudule, Maria Puiu, Margus Punab, Muhammed S. Qadir, Radwan F. Qasrawi, Mostafa Qorbani, Hedley K. Quintana, Pedro J. Quiroga-Padilla, Tran Quoc Bao, Stefan Rach, Ivana Radic, Ricardas Radisauskas, Salar Rahimikazerooni, Mahfuzar Rahman, Mahmudur Rahman, Olli Raitakari, Manu Raj, Tamerlan Rajabov, Sherali Rakhmatulloev, Ivo Rakovac, Sudha Ramachandra Rao, Ambady Ramachandran, Otim P. C. Ramadan, Virgílio V. Ramires, Jacqueline Ramke, Elisabete Ramos, Rafel Ramos, Lekhraj Rampal, Sanjay Rampal, Lalka S. Rangelova, Vayia Rarra, Ramon A. Rascon-Pacheco, Cassiano Ricardo Rech, Josep Redon, Paul Ferdinand M. Reganit, Valéria Regecová, Jane D. P. Renner, Judit A. Repasy, Cézane P. Reuter, Luis Revilla, Abbas Rezaianzadeh, Yeunsook Rho, Lourdes Ribas-Barba, Robespierre Ribeiro, Elio Riboli, Adrian Richter, Fernando Rigo, Attilio Rigotti, Natascia Rinaldo, Tobias F. Rinke de Wit, Ana I. Rito, Raphael M. Ritti-Dias, Juan A. Rivera, Reina G. Roa, Louise Robinson, Cynthia Robitaille, Romana Roccaldo, Daniela Rodrigues, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, María del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Laura A. Rodríguez-Villamizar, Andrea Y. Rodríguez, Ulla Roggenbuck, Peter Rohloff, Fabian Rohner, Rosalba Rojas-Martinez, Nipa Rojroongwasinkul, Dora Romaguera, Elisabetta L. Romeo, Rafaela V. Rosario, Annika Rosengren, Ian Rouse, Vanessa Rouzier, Joel G. R. Roy, Maira H. Ruano, Adolfo Rubinstein, Frank J. Rühli, Jean-Bernard Ruidavets, Blanca Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Maria Ruiz-Castell, Emma Ruiz Moreno, Iuliia A. Rusakova, Kenisha Russell Jonsson, Paola Russo, Petra Rust, Marcin Rutkowski, Marge Saamel, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Hamideh Sabbaghi, Elena Sacchini, Harshpal S. Sachdev, Alireza Sadjadi, Ali Reza Safarpour, Sare Safi, Saeid Safiri, Mohammad Hossien Saghi, Olfa Saidi, Nader Saki, Sanja Šalaj, Benoit Salanave, Eduardo Salazar Martinez, Calogero Saleva, Diego Salmerón, Veikko Salomaa, Jukka T. Salonen, Massimo Salvetti, Margarita Samoutian, Jose Sánchez-Abanto, Inés Sánchez Rodríguez, Sandjaja, Susana Sans, Loreto Santa Marina, Ethel Santacruz, Diana A. Santos, Ina S. Santos, Lèlita C. Santos, Maria Paula Santos, Osvaldo Santos, Rute Santos, Tamara R. Santos, Jouko L. Saramies, Luis B. Sardinha, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Kai-Uwe Saum, Savvas Savva, Mathilde Savy, Norie Sawada, Mariana Sbaraini, Marcia Scazufca, Beatriz D. Schaan, Angelika Schaffrath Rosario, Herman Schargrodsky, Anja Schienkiewitz, Karin Schindler, Sabine Schipf, Carsten O. Schmidt, Ida Maria Schmidt, Andrea Schneider, Peter Schnohr, Ben Schöttker, Sara Schramm, Stine Schramm, Helmut Schröder, Constance Schultsz, Matthias B. Schulze, Aletta E. Schutte, Sylvain Sebert, Moslem Sedaghattalab, Rusidah Selamat, Vedrana Sember, Abhijit Sen, Idowu O. Senbanjo, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Guillermo Sequera, Luis Serra-Majem, Jennifer Servais, Ľudmila Ševčíková, Svetlana Shalnova, Teresa Shamah-Levy, Seyed Morteza Shamshirgaran, Coimbatore Subramaniam Shanthirani, Maryam Sharafkhah, Sanjib K. Sharma, Jonathan E. Shaw, Amaneh Shayanrad, Ali Akbar Shayesteh, Lela Shengelia, Zumin Shi, Kenji Shibuya, Hana Shimizu-Furusawa, Tal Shimony, Rahman Shiri, Namuna Shrestha, Khairil Si-Ramlee, Alfonso Siani, Rosalynn Siantar, Abla M. Sibai, Labros S. Sidossis, Natalia Silitrari, Antonio M. Silva, Caroline Ramos de Moura Silva, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Kelly S. Silva, Xueling Sim, Mary Simon, Judith Simons, Leon A. Simons, Agneta Sjöberg, Michael Sjöström, Natalia A. Skoblina, Gry Skodje, Tatyana Slazhnyova, Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer, Przemysław Slusarczyk, Liam Smeeth, Hung-Kwan So, Fernanda Cunha Soares, Grzegorz Sobek, Eugène Sobngwi, Morten Sodemann, Stefan Söderberg, Moesijanti Y. E. Soekatri, Agustinus Soemantri, Reecha Sofat, Vincenzo Solfrizzi, Mohammad Hossein Somi, Emily Sonestedt, Yi Song, Sajid Soofi, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen, Elin P. Sørgjerd, Charles Sossa Jérome, Victoria E. Soto-Rojas, Aïcha Soumaré, Alfonso Sousa-Poza, Slavica Sovic, Bente Sparboe-Nilsen, Karen Sparrenberger, Phoebe R. Spencer, Angela Spinelli, Igor Spiroski, Jan A. Staessen, Hanspeter Stamm, Kaspar Staub, Bill Stavreski, Jostein Steene-Johannessen, Peter Stehle, Aryeh D. Stein, George S. Stergiou, Jochanan Stessman, Ranko Stevanović, Jutta Stieber, Doris Stöckl, Jakub Stokwiszewski, Ekaterina Stoyanova, Gareth Stratton, Karien Stronks, Maria Wany Strufaldi, Lela Sturua, Ramón Suárez-Medina, Machi Suka, Chien-An Sun, Liang Sun, Johan Sundström, Yn-Tz Sung, Jordi Sunyer, Paibul Suriyawongpaisal, Nabil William G. Sweis, Boyd A. Swinburn, Rody G. Sy, René Charles Sylva, Moyses Szklo, Lucjan Szponar, Lorraine Tabone, E. Shyong Tai, Konstantinos D. Tambalis, Mari-Liis Tammesoo, Abdonas Tamosiunas, Eng Joo Tan, Xun Tang, Maya Tanrygulyyeva, Frank Tanser, Yong Tao, Mohammed Rasoul Tarawneh, Jakob Tarp, Carolina B. Tarqui-Mamani, Radka Taxová Braunerová, Anne Taylor, Julie Taylor, Félicité Tchibindat, Saskia Te Velde, William R. Tebar, Grethe S. Tell, Tania Tello, Yih Chung Tham, K. R. Thankappan, Holger Theobald, Xenophon Theodoridis, Nihal Thomas, Barbara Thorand, Betina H. Thuesen, Ľubica Tichá, Erik J. Timmermans, Dwi H. Tjandrarini, Anne Tjonneland, Hanna K. Tolonen, Janne S. Tolstrup, Murat Topbas, Roman Topór-Mądry, Liv Elin Torheim, María José Tormo, Michael J. Tornaritis, Maties Torrent, Laura Torres-Collado, Stefania Toselli, Giota Touloumi, Pierre Traissac, Thi Tuyet-Hanh Tran, Mark S. Tremblay, Areti Triantafyllou, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Antonia Trichopoulou, Oanh T. H. Trinh, Atul Trivedi, Yu-Hsiang Tsao, Lechaba Tshepo, Maria Tsigga, Panagiotis Tsintavis, Shoichiro Tsugane, John Tuitele, Azaliia M. Tuliakova, Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid, Fikru Tullu, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Maria L. Turley, Gilad Twig, Per Tynelius, Evangelia Tzala, Themistoklis Tzotzas, Christophe Tzourio, Peter Ueda, Eunice Ugel, Flora A. M. Ukoli, Hanno Ulmer, Belgin Unal, Zhamyila Usupova, Hannu M. T. Uusitalo, Nalan Uysal, Justina Vaitkeviciute, Gonzalo Valdivia, Susana Vale, Damaskini Valvi, Rob M. van Dam, Bert-Jan van den Born, Johan Van der Heyden, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Koen Van Herck, Wendy Van Lippevelde, Hoang Van Minh, Natasja M. Van Schoor, Irene G. M. van Valkengoed, Dirk Vanderschueren, Diego Vanuzzo, Anette Varbo, Gregorio Varela-Moreiras, Luz Nayibe Vargas, Patricia Varona-Pérez, Senthil K. Vasan, Daniel G. Vasques, Tomas Vega, Toomas Veidebaum, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez, Biruta Velika, Maïté Verloigne, Giovanni Veronesi, W. M. Monique Verschuren, Cesar G. Victora, Giovanni Viegi, Lucie Viet, Frøydis N. Vik, Monica Vilar, Salvador Villalpando, Jesus Vioque, Jyrki K. Virtanen, Sophie Visvikis-Siest, Bharathi Viswanathan, Mihaela Vladulescu, Tiina Vlasoff, Dorja Vocanec, Peter Vollenweider, Henry Völzke, Ari Voutilainen, Martine Vrijheid, Tanja G. M. Vrijkotte, Alisha N. Wade, Thomas Waldhör, Janette Walton, Elvis O. A. Wambiya, Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud, Rildo de Souza Wanderley Júnior, Ming-Dong Wang, Ningli Wang, Qian Wang, Xiangjun Wang, Ya Xing Wang, Ying-Wei Wang, S. Goya Wannamethee, Nicholas Wareham, Adelheid Weber, Karen Webster-Kerr, Niels Wedderkopp, Daniel Weghuber, Wenbin Wei, Aneta Weres, Bo Werner, Leo D. Westbury, Peter H. Whincup, Kremlin Wickramasinghe, Kurt Widhalm, Indah S. Widyahening, Andrzej Więcek, Philipp S. Wild, Rainford J. Wilks, Johann Willeit, Peter Willeit, Julianne Williams, Tom Wilsgaard, Rusek Wojciech, Bogdan Wojtyniak, Kathrin Wolf, Roy A. Wong-McClure, Andrew Wong, Emily B. Wong, Jyh Eiin Wong, Tien Yin Wong, Jean Woo, Mark Woodward, Frederick C. Wu, Hon-Yen Wu, Jianfeng Wu, Li Juan Wu, Shouling Wu, Justyna Wyszyńska, Haiquan Xu, Liang Xu, Nor Azwany Yaacob, Uruwan Yamborisut, Weili Yan, Ling Yang, Xiaoguang Yang, Yang Yang, Nazan Yardim, Tabara Yasuharu, Martha Yépez García, Panayiotis K. Yiallouros, Agneta Yngve, Moein Yoosefi, Akihiro Yoshihara, Qi Sheng You, San-Lin You, Novie O. Younger-Coleman, Yu-Ling Yu, Yunjiang Yu, Safiah Md Yusof, Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff, Luciana Zaccagni, Vassilis Zafiropulos, Ahmad A. Zainuddin, Seyed Rasoul Zakavi, Farhad Zamani, Sabina Zambon, Antonis Zampelas, Hana Zamrazilová, Maria Elisa Zapata, Abdul Hamid Zargar, Ko Ko Zaw, Ayman A. Zayed, Tomasz Zdrojewski, Magdalena Żegleń, Kristyna Zejglicova, Tajana Zeljkovic Vrkic, Yi Zeng, Luxia Zhang, Zhen-Yu Zhang, Dong Zhao, Ming-Hui Zhao, Wenhua Zhao, Yanitsa V. Zhecheva, Shiqi Zhen, Wei Zheng, Yingfeng Zheng, Bekbolat Zholdin, Maigeng Zhou, Dan Zhu, Marie Zins, Emanuel Zitt, Yanina Zocalo, Nada Zoghlami, Julio Zuñiga Cisneros, Monika Zuziak, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Robert E. Black, Majid Ezzati

Nature 615 ( 7954 ) 874 - 883 2023.3

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Abstract

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being<sup>1–6</sup>. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m<sup>–2</sup> in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.

DOI： 10.1038/s41586-023-05772-8

Other Link： https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05772-8

A cross-sectional study of the association between periodontitis and physical activity in the Japanese population. Reviewed International journal

Masanori Iwasaki, Akihiro Yoshihara, Kana Suwama, Takashi Zaitsu, Seitaro Suzuki, Hikaru Ihira, Norie Sawada, Jun Aida

Journal of periodontal research 58 ( 2 ) 350 - 359 2023.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether physical activity (PA) is associated with periodontitis in the Japanese population. BACKGROUND: The potential association between PA and periodontitis has not been thoroughly investigated in the Japanese population. METHODS: We used cross-sectional data from the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study for the Next-Generation Oral Health Study. Periodontitis was determined by a full-mouth periodontal examination. PA was assessed using a validated questionnaire. We performed multivariable ordinal logistic regression analyses to assess the association of total PA (the first quintile was set as the reference category) with periodontitis (three categories: no/mild, moderate, and severe), stratified by sex. The associations of periodontitis with domain- and intensity-specific PA were also studied in separate logistic regression models. RESULTS: This study included 2160 Japanese adults [1414 women and 746 men; mean (standard deviation) age 58.1 (9.6) years]. After adjusting for potential confounders, total PA was inversely associated with the presence and severity of periodontitis in women. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for periodontitis in the second to fifth quintiles (compared with the first quintile) of total PA were 0.81 (0.59-1.12), 0.74 (0.53-1.02), 0.77 (0.55-1.06), and 0.64 (0.46-0.89), respectively (p for trend = .01). We did not find different results when we further investigated the associations of periodontitis with domain- and intensity-specific PA. By contrast, PA was not associated with periodontitis in men. CONCLUSION: Total PA had an inverse, linear association with the presence and severity of periodontitis in Japanese women but not in Japanese men. Further prospective studies are required to determine the association between PA and periodontitis.

DOI： 10.1111/jre.13095

Prevalence and Cause of Enamel Hypoplasia in Primary Teeth among 1-year-old Japanese Children Reviewed

Akane Miyamoto, Kumiko Minagawa, Kaname Nohno, Noboru Kaneko, Yu Ichikawa, Takashi Hoshino, Harue Ito, Akihiro Yoshihara

Open Dentistry Journal 17 ( 1 ) 2023

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Objective: In this study, the prevalence and underlying cause of enamel hypoplasia in one-year-old children were examined. Additionally, to determine the association between enamel hypoplasia and exposure to sunlight based on the frequency of the mother’s outings during pregnancy. Methods: A total of 273 kids (139 boys) were involved in this study. Based on questionnaires surveys to mothers, oral examinations, and photographs of children's mouths, we looked at the connection between the circumstances of pregnancy and the occurrence of enamel hypoplasia. The presence of enamel hypoplasia was assessed using logistic regression analysis differed among the results of the questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of enamel hypoplasia was 38.5%. In the medium and low groups, enamel hypoplasia was more common than in the high group at the birth month of the child (adjusted odds ratio: 3.36, 95% confidence interval: 1.65–6.85, p = 0.001 vs. adjusted odds ratio: 3.76, 95% confidence interval: 1.89–7.48, p < 0.001, respectively). Enamel hypoplasia was knowingly higher among the children whose mothers went out less than 1–2 times a week during pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio: 2.41, 95% confidence interval: 1.04–5.61, p = 0.041). Enamel hypoplasia was significantly more prevalent when mothers used painkillers during pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio: 5.45, 95% Confidence interval: 1.74–17.08, p = 0.004). Conclusion: It was suggested that the use of antipyretic analgesics during pregnancy and frequency of outings and variations in sunshine hours according to the child's birth month could affect the occurrence of enamel hypoplasia.

DOI： 10.2174/18742106-v17-230303-2022-93

Career outcomes and satisfaction among graduates of a four-year oral health and welfare baccalaureate program at Niigata University, Japan: a cross-sectional study. Reviewed International journal

Asuka Ishiguro-Matsumoto, Roxana Stegaroiu, Kana Suwama, Satoko Shibata, Akihiro Yoshihara, Akitsugu Ohuchi

International journal of dental hygiene 2022.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

OBJECTIVE: Globally, baccalaureate programs in dental hygiene are increasingly established. In addition, in Japan, many dental hygienists (DHs) and social workers (SWs) are prematurely leaving workforce. This study aimed to investigate, at the most recent employment, career outcomes, reasons for job change, and satisfaction with the job and undergraduate curriculum among graduates of the baccalaureate program at the Department of Oral Health and Welfare (DOHW), Faculty of Dentistry, Niigata University. METHODS: All 262 graduates (graduating classes 1-10) of the DOHW were invited to participate in this survey; an original self-administered questionnaire was distributed to those who consented. Responses were received from 114 (43.5%) graduates. RESULTS: Almost all respondents (89.5%) had dual licensure as both DH and certified SW. They were employed immediately after graduation (99.1%) and at the time of the survey (96.5%). Over 60% of them worked as DHs, mainly in hospitals. SWs mainly worked in administration. Among the 113 respondents who were employed, 39.8% changed jobs at least once. The main reasons for job selection were 'interest in job content' and 'flexible working hours'. Nearly 90% of the respondents felt satisfied or fairly satisfied with their job and the undergraduate education. CONCLUSIONS: A quality four-year baccalaureate degree program in dental hygiene and social welfare positively influenced graduates' work continuity. Most graduates felt satisfied or fairly satisfied with their job and the undergraduate curriculum. Employment rates within each profession and prevalence of hospital and administrative roles were higher than national averages. Long-term studies of graduates' career outcomes are warranted.

DOI： 10.1111/idh.12655

Effects of Interval Walking Training on Oral Health Status in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Case-Control Study. Reviewed International journal

Tasuku Yoshimoto, Yoko Hasegawa, Mayuka Furihata, Akihiro Yoshihara, Masako Shiramizu, Ma Therese Sta Maria, Shoko Hori, Mayuko Morikawa, Pinta Marito, Noboru Kaneko, Kaname Nohno, Hiroshi Nose, Shizue Masuki, Takahiro Ono

International journal of environmental research and public health 19 ( 21 ) 2022.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of walking training "Interval Walking Training (IWT)" on oral health status. Participants were divided into two groups: an exercise intervention group and a non-intervention group (control). The intervention group consisted of 59 subjects (20 males, 39 females) aged 50 years or older who participated in the IWT program in Matsumoto from 2019 to April 2022. The control group consisted of 33 subjects (14 males and 19 females) aged 50 years or older who have visited Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital and agreed to participate in the study. The intervention group underwent walking training (interval walking training) for at least 5-6 months. The walking training consisted of five sets of fast walking above 70% peak aerobic capacity for walking (VO2peak) for 3 min, followed by 3 min of slow walking at ~40% VO2 peak per day for more than four days/week. The oral health status was evaluated for the number of teeth, occlusal force, salivary occult blood, masticatory performance, and tongue pressure. A total of 57 participants were analyzed in the intervention group (18 males and 39 females, age: 66.7 ± 0.8 (mean ± S.E.) years) and 33 participants in the control group (14 males and 19 females, age: 74.5 ± 1.1 (mean ± S.E.) years). There were no significant differences in gender, salivary occult blood, tongue pressure, masticatory performance, or occlusal force between the two groups at the start of the intervention (p = 0.36, p = 0.48, p = 0.42, p = 0.58, and p = 0.08, respectively by unpaired t-test or χ2 test). On the other hand, there were significant differences in age and BMI, with a trend toward lower age and higher BMI in the intervention group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively, by unpaired t-test). In terms of rate of change, the intervention group showed a significant increase in occlusal force (F = 4.5, p = 0.04, ANCOVA) and a significant decrease in BMI (F = 7.3, p = 0.009, ANCOVA). No significant differences were observed in the other measured items. It was found that walking training in both middle-aged and older people does not only affect the physical aspect of weight loss but may help maintain and improve the occlusal force.

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph192114465

Association of Hyper-Low-Density Lipoprotein and Hypo-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterolemia with Low Saliva Flow Rates in Japanese Community-Dwelling Elders Reviewed

Nana Mizoguchi, Kaname Nohno, Akihiro Yoshihara, Kayoko Ito, Saori Funayama, Hiroshi Ogawa

International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology 2022.7

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Georg Thieme Verlag KG

Abstract

Introduction The associations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) with reduced saliva flow rates have not been previously reported.

Objective The present study aimed to assess the association of cholesterolemia with reduced saliva flow rates in community-dwelling elderly subjects.

Methods The present study analyzed 342 participants (170 males and 172 females aged between 78 and 79 years old). Unstimulated salivary flow rate (USFR) was assessed using a cotton roll method. Low-USFR was defined as 0.10 g/30 seconds. Stimulated salivary flow rate (SSFR) was assessed by having the participants chew tasteless gum for 3 minutes. Low-SSFR was defined as 1.0 mL/minute. Blood samples were collected for the measurement of LDL-C, HDL-C, rheumatoid factor, hemoglobin A1c, and creatinine. To assess depression, the General Health Questionnaire 30 was used. A standardized questionnaire was completed, covering the current and previous medications of the participants and smoking status. We stratified the serum LDL-C levels of the participants as normal, moderate or severe hyper-LDL cholesterolemia and serum HDL-C levels as normal or hypo-HDL cholesterolemia. Multivariate logistic regression models were established and low-USFR or low-SSFR were set as dependent variables in the aforementioned models.

Results After controlling for the effects of the other variables, the odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for low-USFR were 2.25 (1.10–4.61) for moderate and 5.69 (1.55–20.8) for severe hyper-LDL cholesterolemia, while that of hypo-HDL cholesterolemia was 3.40 (1.33–8.69). Severe hyper-LDL cholesterolemia was also associated with low-SSFR with an OR of 3.89 (1.39–10.88).

Conclusion Elderly patients with cholesterolemia have a risk of reduced salivary flow rate.

DOI： 10.1055/s-0042-1744167

根面う蝕管理のためのフッ化物応用についてフッ化ジアンミン銀、フッ化物バニッシュを中心に

宮本茜, 葭原明弘

口腔衛生学会雑誌 72 ( 3 ) 152 - 157 2022.7

Language：Japanese Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会

根面う蝕は,加齢による歯槽骨の退縮や歯周疾患,不適切なブラッシング,唾液分泌量の減少などで発症および進行リスクが高まる.また,高齢者の現在歯数増加,歯周疾患罹患率の増加によって,今後も増加が予想される.根面う蝕は,視診,触診により活動性と非活動性に分類でき,活動性う蝕はフッ化物の応用など非侵襲的な処置で非活動性う蝕へのコントロールが可能である.フッ化ジアンミン銀(SDF:Silver Diamine Fluoride)は55,000ppmという高濃度のフッ化物を含有するう蝕予防・進行抑制剤である.塗布は年1～2回で,費用対効果が高い.SDFの欠点であるう蝕病変の黒変軽減のため,ヨウ化カリウム(KI)の併用について研究が進んでいる.また,フッ化物バニッシュは22,600ppmNaFを4～6時間停滞させ,う蝕予防効果を発揮する塗布材料である.う蝕予防や進行抑制に関して十分なエビデンスがあることから,欧米諸国では小児から高齢者に至るまで,積極的に応用されている.国内では,象牙質知覚過敏鈍麻剤として認可されているが,有効性を示す調査が複数存在することから今後根面う蝕予防や根面う蝕進行抑制へと使用用途が広がっていくことを期待する.SDF,フッ化物バニッシュは操作が簡便で,介護が必要な高齢者や,訪問診療での利用にも適している.多くの年代に渡り,セルフケアに加え.プロフェッショナルケアを充実させることで.今後必要性が増加することが予想される根面う蝕管理に対応する必要があると考える.(著者抄録)

Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/default/link?pub_year=2022&ichushi_jid=J00440&link_issn=&doc_id=20220815170001&doc_link_id=%2Fdk1dehea%2F2022%2F007203%2F001%2F0152-0157%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdk1dehea%2F2022%2F007203%2F001%2F0152-0157%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Interaction between serum vitamin C levels and smoking on the periodontal condition in older adults. Reviewed International journal

Akihiro Yoshihara, Keisuke Nakashima, Kana Suwama, Ayuko Odajima, Takayuki Yamaga, Hiroshi Ogawa

Journal of periodontal research 2022.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Several epidemiological studies have reported that smokers have a higher prevalence and severity of periodontal disease than do nonsmokers, and that smoking negatively affects nutritional status and is associated with a reduced intake of antioxidants, particularly vitamin C. The present investigation aimed to examine the relationship between serum vitamin C levels and smoking and its influence on the periodontal condition in older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 353 respondents met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the present study. The periodontal status of the study participants was determined through examinations of one or more residual teeth, which included a measurement of the probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) at six regions of each tooth. Blood samples were collected during the dental examinations and then sent to a laboratory to evaluate serum vitamin C and cotinine levels. A serum cotinine concentration of 100 ng/ml was considered a relevant threshold for active smoking. After dividing the participants into two groups according to serum cotinine levels, Poisson regression analysis was carried out to compare vitamin C levels with the prevalence rate ratio (PRR) for periodontal condition markers for each group based on serum cotinine levels. RESULTS: We evaluated differences in the PRR of serum vitamin C tertiles between participants with high (≥100 ng/ml) or low (<100 ng/ml) serum cotinine levels after adjusting for sex, the use of interdental brushes or dental floss, and the number of teeth. A negative tendency between the PRR of vitamin C tertiles for the PPD or CAL was seen for both groups. Especially, a bigger difference was observed in the group with high serum cotinine levels. The PRR of the first tertiles in the high serum cotinine group was 5.03, compared with 2.69 in the low serum cotinine group (relative risk: 1.9). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest a potential association between vitamin C levels and the periodontal condition, which may be influenced by smoking status.

DOI： 10.1111/jre.12988

小学生における口唇閉鎖力の年齢による変化と関連要因についての研究 Reviewed

諏訪間加奈, 野上有紀子, 葭原明弘

口腔衛生学会雑誌 72 ( 2 ) 92 - 99 2022.4

Language：Japanese Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会

本研究の目的は小学生における口唇閉鎖力の年齢による変化を示すともに,口唇閉鎖力に影響を与える要因を明らかにすることである.新潟県内Y小学校に通う1年生から6年生の328名(男児167名,女児161名)についてアンケート調査(同意率80.8%)および口唇閉鎖力の測定を実施した.小学生における口唇閉鎖力の年齢による変化を示すために,年齢による口唇閉鎖力の推移を比較した.さらに,9歳未満と9歳以上の2群に分け,各群における口唇閉鎖力4分位群による対象者の特性について比較し,関連する要因についても検討を加えた.その結果,本研究の対象者における口唇閉鎖力は増齢とともに緩やかな増加がみられた.口唇閉鎖力4分位と対象者の特性との関連について,9歳未満では現在歯数,いびきの有無との関連がみられた(オッズ比[95%信頼区間]=1.28[1.01-1.56],0.45[0.24-0.84]).9歳以上の群では,年齢,ローレル指数との関連がみられた(1.45[1.09-1.93],6.02[2.21-16.39]).結論として,小学生における口唇閉鎖力について9歳前後で口唇閉鎖力に影響する要因が異なることが考えられた.口唇閉鎖力の増加に影響する要因として,9歳未満の対象者では現在歯数が,また,9歳以上の対象者では,年齢,肥満との関連がみられた.口唇閉鎖力が低値であることに影響する要因として,9歳未満でいびきと関連していた.(著者抄録)

Other Link： https://search-tp.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2022&ichushi_jid=J00440&link_issn=&doc_id=20220511210002&doc_link_id=10.5834%2Fjdh.72.2_92&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.5834%2Fjdh.72.2_92&type=J-STAGE&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00007_3.gif

地域在住高齢者を対象とした口腔機能訓練が与える頸部可動域の改善効果 Reviewed

小田島あゆ子, 葭原明弘, 石上和男

口腔衛生学会雑誌 72 ( 1 ) 11 - 17 2022.1

Language：Japanese Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会

地域在住高齢者の頸部可動域に対する口腔機能訓練の効果を明らかにすることを目的とした.65歳以上の高齢者を対象に年齢,性別,BMI,ロコモ度テスト,現在歯数,義歯の使用および頸部可動域を調査した.自治会の地域によって運動器機能訓練および口腔機能訓練を実施する複合プログラム群(30名),運動器機能訓練を実施する単一プログラム群(35名)の2群に分けて3ヵ月間訓練を行った後,同一項目の調査を行った.頸部可動域の訓練前後比較はWilcoxonの順位和検定を,変化量の2群間比較はMann-WhitneyのU検定を行った.また,頸部可動域の改善を従属変数として,性別,年齢および口腔機能訓練の介入の有無を独立変数としてロジスティック回帰分析を行った.複合プログラム群ではすべての運動方向において頸部可動域が改善した(p<0.05).前屈を除く運動方向において,単一プログラム群と比べて頸部可動域の変化量が高く(p<0.05),頸部可動域の改善が口腔機能訓練の介入と有意な関連がみられた(オッズ比=7.23～18.52).高齢者における口腔機能訓練は頸部可動域の改善に影響を与えることが明らかとなった.(著者抄録)

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Effects of Oral Function Training and Oral Health Status on Physical Performance in Potentially Dependent Older Adults Reviewed

Masataka Sasajima, Akihiro Yoshihara, Ayuko Odajima

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18 ( 21 ) 11348 - 11348 2021.10

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：MDPI AG

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an oral function training program and indicators of oral health status on improvements in physical performance induced by physical function training in dependent older adults. The participants were 131 potentially dependent older adults (age: ≥65 years) who were randomly divided into two groups: an oral intervention and a control group. All participants underwent physical function training, but only the intervention group took part in the oral function training program. In total, 106 participants completed all of the survey components (60 and 46 participants from the intervention and control groups, respectively). The measures of physical fitness examined included the one-leg standing time with eyes open (OLST) and the timed up and go test (TUG). Logistic regression analyses were carried out to determine the effects of the oral function intervention and health status on physical fitness. The results revealed that the oral function intervention significantly improved OLST and TUG times. These findings suggest that evaluations of oral health status and interventions aimed at activating oral functions are associated with improvements in physical fitness among potentially dependent older adults.

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph182111348

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants Reviewed

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Sorić, Charles Sossa Jérome, Aïcha Soumaré, Bente Sparboe-Nilsen, Karen Sparrenberger, Jan A Staessen, Gregor Starc, Bill Stavreski, Jostein Steene-Johannessen, Peter Stehle, Aryeh D Stein, George S Stergiou, Jochanan Stessman, Jutta Stieber, Doris Stöckl, Tanja Stocks, Jakub Stokwiszewski, Karien Stronks, Maria Wany Strufaldi, Machi Suka, Chien-An Sun, Yn-Tz Sung, Paibul Suriyawongpaisal, Rody G Sy, Holly E Syddall, René Charles Sylva, Moyses Szklo, E Shyong Tai, Mari-Liis Tammesoo, Abdonas Tamosiunas, Eng Joo Tan, Xun Tang, Frank Tanser, Yong Tao, Mohammed Rasoul Tarawneh, Carolina B Tarqui-Mamani, Anne Taylor, Julie Taylor, William R Tebar, Grethe S Tell, Tania Tello, Yih Chung Tham, KR Thankappan, Holger Theobald, Xenophon Theodoridis, Lutgarde Thijs, Mikael Thinggaard, Nihal Thomas, Barbara Thorand, Betina H Thuesen, Erik J Timmermans, Dwi H Tjandrarini, Anne Tjonneland, Ulla Toft, Hanna K Tolonen, Janne S Tolstrup, Murat Topbas, Roman Topór-Madry, María José Tormo, Michael J Tornaritis, Maties Torrent, Laura Torres-Collado, Giota Touloumi, Pierre Traissac, Areti Triantafyllou, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Antonia Trichopoulou, Oanh TH Trinh, Atul Trivedi, Lechaba Tshepo, Shoichiro Tsugane, Azaliia M Tuliakova, Marshall K Tulloch-Reid, Fikru Tullu, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Maria L Turley, Gilad Twig, Per Tynelius, Christophe Tzourio, Peter Ueda, Eunice Ugel, Hanno Ulmer, Hannu MT Uusitalo, Gonzalo Valdivia, Damaskini Valvi, Rob M van Dam, Bert-Jan van den Born, Johan Van der Heyden, Yvonne T van der Schouw, Koen Van Herck, Hoang Van Minh, Natasja M Van Schoor, Irene GM van Valkengoed, Elisabeth M van Zutphen, Dirk Vanderschueren, Diego Vanuzzo, Anette Varbo, Senthil K Vasan, Tomas Vega, Toomas Veidebaum, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez, Giovanni Veronesi, WM Monique Verschuren, Roosmarijn Verstraeten, Cesar G Victora, Lucie Viet, Salvador Villalpando, Paolo Vineis, Jesus Vioque, Jyrki K Virtanen, Sophie Visvikis-Siest, Bharathi Viswanathan, Tiina Vlasoff, Peter Vollenweider, Ari Voutilainen, Alisha N Wade, Janette Walton, Elvis OA Wambiya, Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud, Rildo de Souza Wanderley Júnior, Ming-Dong Wang, Ningli Wang, Qian Wang, Xiangjun Wang, Ya Xing Wang, Ying-Wei Wang, S Goya Wannamethee, Nicholas Wareham, Wenbin Wei, Aneta Weres, Bo Werner, Peter H Whincup, Kurt Widhalm, Andrzej Wiecek, Rainford J Wilks, Johann Willeit, Peter Willeit, Emmanuel A Williams, Tom Wilsgaard, Bogdan Wojtyniak, Roy A Wong-McClure, Andrew Wong, Tien Yin Wong, Jean Woo, Frederick C Wu, Shouling Wu, Justyna Wyszynska, Haiquan Xu, Liang Xu, Nor Azwany Yaacob, Weili Yan, Ling Yang, Xiaoguang Yang, Yang Yang, Tabara Yasuharu, Xingwang Ye, Panayiotis K Yiallouros, Moein Yoosefi, Akihiro Yoshihara, San-Lin You, Novie O Younger-Coleman, Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff, Ahmad A Zainuddin, Seyed Rasoul Zakavi, Farhad Zamani, Sabina Zambon, Antonis Zampelas, Maria Elisa Zapata, Ko Ko Zaw, Kristyna Zejglicova, Tajana Zeljkovic Vrkic, Yi Zeng, Luxia Zhang, Zhen-Yu Zhang, Dong Zhao, Ming-Hui Zhao, Shiqi Zhen, Yingfeng Zheng, Bekbolat Zholdin, Dan Zhu, Marie Zins, Emanuel Zitt, Yanina Zocalo, Nada Zoghlami, Julio Zuñiga Cisneros, Majid Ezzati

The Lancet 398 ( 10304 ) 957 - 980 2021.9

地域在住高齢者における歯の喪失と遊離糖類摂取量の関連

佐藤美寿々, 岩崎正則, 皆川久美子, 宮本茜, 葭原明弘

日本歯科医師会雑誌 74 ( 4 ) 406 - 406 2021.7

新潟県の障害児者施設利用者における口腔保健の実態および歯科専門職配置との関連

宮本茜, 田村浩平, 杉本智子, 葭原明弘

口腔衛生学会雑誌 71 ( 3 ) 126 - 135 2021.7

Language：Japanese Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会

障害児者の歯科保健は,全身の健康管理において大変重要であるが,その取り組みは施設ごとに大きく異なる.本調査では,新潟県における障害者施設利用者の歯科診療受診状況,および歯科保健取組状況について調査することで,実態および課題を把握し,特に歯科専門職の配置による有効性を評価することを目的とした.新潟県内で開設されている全障害児者施設1,021ヶ所を対象に調査を行ったところ,有効回答があった801施設のうち5.1%に歯科専門職(歯科医師,歯科衛生士)が配置されていた.施設における歯科保健管理,歯科医療,および食事介助や摂食機能維持の状況を評価した.ロジスティック回帰分析の結果,歯科専門職の配置がある施設では,歯科健診を受ける機会(調整オッズ比=7.02,95%信頼区間=2.66-18.55),歯科保健指導を受ける機会(調整オッズ比=4.34,95%信頼区間=1.98-9.51),歯科疾患予防の取り組み(調整オッズ比=3.97,95%信頼区間=1.50-10.44),歯科専門職との日常連携(調整オッズ比=5.02,95%信頼区間=2.29-10.99),歯科専門職への相談(調整オッズ比=6.53,95%信頼区間=2.46-17.35),および歯科保健がニーズを満たしている割合(調整オッズ比=3.37,95%信頼区間=1.58-7.15)が有意に高かった.障害児者施設における歯科専門職の配置が,歯科保健に有意に関連していることが示唆された.(著者抄録)

Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/default/link?pub_year=2021&ichushi_jid=J00440&link_issn=&doc_id=20210813270001&doc_link_id=%2Fdk1dehea%2F2021%2F007103%2F001%2F0126-0135%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdk1dehea%2F2021%2F007103%2F001%2F0126-0135%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

地域在宅超高齢者の食事パターンと栄養素摂取量、栄養状態および嚥下状態との関連

秋山理加, 濱嵜朋子, 岩崎正則, 角田聡子, 片岡正太, 茂山博代, 濃野要, 葭原明弘, 小川祐司, 安細敏弘, 宮崎秀夫

口腔衛生学会雑誌 71 ( 3 ) 136 - 146 2021.7

Language：Japanese Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会

わが国では,年々超高齢者数が増加している.健康度の高い在宅超高齢者の食生活の実態を把握することは健康寿命延伸の有益な知見になると考えられる.そのため著者らは,在宅超高齢者を対象として,食事パターンを同定し,栄養素摂取量,栄養状態および嚥下状態との関連について明らかにすることを目的として本研究を行った.新潟市の91歳在宅高齢者86名を対象として,簡易型自記式食事歴法質問票(BDHQ),簡易栄養状態評価(MNA-SF),簡易嚥下状態評価票(EAT-10)による調査を行った.食品群別摂取量から主成分分析を行い,食事パターンを同定し,それらと栄養素摂取量の関連を検討した.さらに,各食事パターンと食に関連する因子,MNA-SFおよびEAT-10との関連を比較検討した.主成分分析の結果,4つの食事パターンが同定された.それぞれの主成分得点三分位によって栄養素摂取量を比較したところ,肉,魚,野菜類の摂取量が多く,ご飯,パンが少ない「副菜型」では,高得点群ほどたんぱく質やビタミンDなどの栄養素摂取量が多く,栄養状態も良好な者が多かった.また,MNA-SFで低栄養と判定された群では対照群と比べて嚥下機能低下のリスクのある者の割合が有意に高かった.さらに,「副菜型」の食事パターンでは居住形態や共に食事をする人の有無との関連も示唆された.(著者抄録)

Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/default/link?pub_year=2021&ichushi_jid=J00440&link_issn=&doc_id=20210813270002&doc_link_id=%2Fdk1dehea%2F2021%2F007103%2F002%2F0136-0146%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdk1dehea%2F2021%2F007103%2F002%2F0136-0146%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

65歳以上のメタボリックシンドローム有病者における現在歯数と心の健康状態の関連魚沼コホート調査より

皆川久美子, 葭原明弘, 諏訪間加奈, 小川祐司

口腔衛生学会雑誌 71 ( 増刊 ) 111 - 111 2021.4

65歳以上のメタボリックシンドローム有病者における現在歯数と心の健康状態の関連魚沼コホート調査より

皆川久美子, 葭原明弘, 諏訪間加奈, 小川祐司

口腔衛生学会雑誌 71 ( 増刊 ) 111 - 111 2021.4

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight Reviewed

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Laura Gutierrez, Felix Gutzwiller, Seongjun Ha, Farzad Hadaegh, Charalambos A Hadjigeorgiou, Rosa Haghshenas, Hamid Hakimi, Jytte Halkjær, Ian R Hambleton, Behrooz Hamzeh, Dominique Hange, Abu AM Hanif, Sari Hantunen, Jie Hao, Rachakulla Hari Kumar, Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Shahri, Maria Hassapidou, Jun Hata, Teresa Haugsgjerd, Jiang He, Yuan He, Yuna He, Regina Heidinger-Felso, Mirjam Heinen, Tatjana Hejgaard, Marleen Elisabeth Hendriks, Rafael dos Santos Henrique, Ana Henriques, Leticia Hernandez Cadena, Sauli Herrala, Victor M Herrera, Isabelle Herter-Aeberli, Ramin Heshmat, Allan G Hill, Sai Yin Ho, Suzanne C Ho, Michael Hobbs, Michelle Holdsworth, Reza Homayounfar, Clara Homs, Wilma M Hopman, Andrea RVR Horimoto, Claudia M Hormiga, Bernardo L Horta, Leila Houti, Christina Howitt, Thein Thein Htay, Aung Soe Htet, Maung Maung Than Htike, Yonghua Hu, José María Huerta, Ilpo Tapani Huhtaniemi, Laetitia Huiart, Constanta Huidumac Petrescu, Martijn Huisman, Abdullatif Husseini, Chinh Nguyen Huu, Inge Huybrechts, Nahla Hwalla, Jolanda Hyska, Licia Iacoviello, Jesús M Ibarluzea, Mohsen M Ibrahim, Norazizah Ibrahim Wong, M Arfan Ikram, Violeta Iotova, Vilma E Irazola, Takafumi Ishida, Muhammad Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Masanori Iwasaki, Jeremy M Jacobs, Hashem Y Jaddou, Tazeen Jafar, Kenneth James, Kazi M Jamil, Konrad Jamrozik, Imre Janszky, Edward Janus, Juel Jarani, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Grazyna Jasienska, Ana Jelakovic, Bojan Jelakovic, Garry Jennings, Anjani Kumar Jha, Chao Qiang Jiang, Ramon O Jimenez, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Michel Joffres, Mattias Johansson, Jari J Jokelainen, Jost B Jonas, Jitendra Jonnagaddala, Torben Jørgensen, Pradeep Joshi, Farahnaz Joukar, Dragana P Jovic, Jacek J Jóźwiak, Anne Juolevi, Gregor Jurak, Iulia Jurca Simina, Vesna Juresa, Rudolf Kaaks, Felix O Kaducu, Anthony Kafatos, Eero O Kajantie, Zhanna Kalmatayeva, Ofra Kalter-Leibovici, Yves Kameli, Freja B Kampmann, Kodanda R Kanala, Srinivasan Kannan, Efthymios Kapantais, Argyro Karakosta, Line L Kårhus, Khem B Karki, Marzieh Katibeh, Joanne Katz, Peter T Katzmarzyk, Jussi Kauhanen, Prabhdeep Kaur, Maryam Kavousi, Gyulli M Kazakbaeva, Ulrich Keil, Lital Keinan Boker, Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Roya Kelishadi, Cecily Kelleher, Han CG Kemper, Andre P Kengne, Maryam Keramati, Alina Kerimkulova, Mathilde Kersting, Timothy Key, Yousef Saleh Khader, Davood Khalili, Kay-Tee Khaw, Bahareh Kheiri, Motahareh Kheradmand, Alireza Khosravi, Ilse MSL Khouw, Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Stefan Kiechl, Japhet Killewo, Dong Wook Kim, Hyeon Chang Kim, Jeongseon Kim, Jenny M Kindblom, Heidi Klakk, Magdalena Klimek, Jeannette Klimont, Jurate Klumbiene, Michael Knoflach, Bhawesh Koirala, Elin Kolle, Patrick Kolsteren, Jürgen König, Raija Korpelainen, Paul Korrovits, Magdalena Korzycka, Jelena Kos, Seppo Koskinen, Katsuyasu Kouda, Viktoria A Kovacs, Sudhir Kowlessur, Slawomir Koziel, Jana Kratenova, Wolfgang Kratzer, Susi Kriemler, Peter Lund Kristensen, Steiner Krokstad, Daan Kromhout, Herculina S Kruger, Ruzena Kubinova, Renata Kuciene, Urho M Kujala, Enisa Kujundzic, Zbigniew Kulaga, R Krishna Kumar, Marie Kunešová, Pawel Kurjata, Yadlapalli S Kusuma, Kari Kuulasmaa, Catherine Kyobutungi, Quang Ngoc La, Fatima Zahra Laamiri, Tiina Laatikainen, Carl Lachat, Youcef Laid, Tai Hing Lam, Christina-Paulina Lambrinou, Edwige Landais, Vera Lanska, Georg Lappas, Bagher Larijani, Tint Swe Latt, Laura Lauria, Maria Lazo-Porras, Gwenaëlle Le Coroller, Khanh Le Nguyen Bao, Agnès Le Port, Tuyen D Le, Jeannette Lee, Jeonghee Lee, Paul H Lee, Nils Lehmann, Terho Lehtimäki, Daniel Lemogoum, Naomi S Levitt, Yanping Li, Merike Liivak, Christa L Lilly, Wei-Yen Lim, M Fernanda Lima-Costa, Hsien-Ho Lin, Xu Lin, Yi-Ting Lin, Lars Lind, Allan Linneberg, Lauren Lissner, Mieczyslaw Litwin, Lijuan Liu, Wei-Cheng Lo, Helle-Mai Loit, Khuong Quynh Long, Luis Lopes, Oscar Lopes, Esther Lopez-Garcia, Tania Lopez, Paulo A Lotufo, José Eugenio Lozano, Janice L Lukrafka, Dalia Luksiene, Annamari Lundqvist, Robert Lundqvist, Nuno Lunet, Charles Lunogelo, Michala Lustigová, Edyta Łuszczki, Guansheng Ma, Jun Ma, Xu Ma, George LL Machado-Coelho, Aristides M Machado-Rodrigues, Luisa M Macieira, Ahmed A Madar, Stefania Maggi, Dianna J Magliano, Sara Magnacca, Emmanuella Magriplis, Gowri Mahasampath, Bernard Maire, Marjeta Majer, Marcia Makdisse, Päivi Mäki, Fatemeh Malekzadeh, Reza Malekzadeh, Rahul Malhotra, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao, Sofia K Malyutina, Lynell V Maniego, Yannis Manios, Jim I Mann, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Enzo Manzato, Paula Margozzini, Anastasia Markaki, Oonagh Markey, Eliza Markidou Ioannidou, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Larissa Pruner Marques, Jaume Marrugat, Yves Martin-Prevel, Rosemarie Martin, Reynaldo Martorell, Eva Martos, Katharina Maruszczak, Stefano Marventano, Luis P Mascarenhas, Shariq R Masoodi, Ellisiv B Mathiesen, Prashant Mathur, Alicia Matijasevich, Tandi E Matsha, Christina Mavrogianni, Artur Mazur, Jean Claude N Mbanya, Shelly R McFarlane, Stephen T McGarvey, Martin McKee, Stela McLachlan, Rachael M McLean, Scott B McLean, Breige A McNulty, Sounnia Mediene Benchekor, Jurate Medzioniene, Parinaz Mehdipour, Kirsten Mehlig, Amir Houshang Mehrparvar, Aline Meirhaeghe, Jørgen Meisfjord, Christa Meisinger, Ana Maria B Menezes, Geetha R Menon, Gert BM Mensink, Maria Teresa Menzano, Alibek Mereke, Indrapal I Meshram, Andres Metspalu, Haakon E Meyer, Jie Mi, Kim F Michaelsen, Nathalie Michels, Kairit Mikkel, Karolina Milkowska, Jody C Miller, Cláudia S Minderico, GK Mini, Juan Francisco Miquel, Mohammad Reza Mirjalili, Daphne Mirkopoulou, Erkin Mirrakhimov, Marjeta Mišigoj-Durakovic, Antonio Mistretta, Veronica Mocanu, Pietro A Modesti, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Bahram Mohajer, Mostafa K Mohamed, Shukri F Mohamed, Kazem Mohammad, Zahra Mohammadi, Noushin Mohammadifard, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Viswanathan Mohan, Salim Mohanna, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff, Iraj Mohebbi, Farnam Mohebi, Marie Moitry, Drude Molbo, Line T Møllehave, Niels C Møller, Dénes Molnár, Amirabbas Momenan, Charles K Mondo, Michele Monroy-Valle, Eric Monterrubio-Flores, Kotsedi Daniel K Monyeki, Jin Soo Moon, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Leila B Moreira, Alain Morejon, Luis A Moreno, Karen Morgan, Suzanne N Morin, Erik Lykke Mortensen, George Moschonis, Malgorzata Mossakowska, Aya Mostafa, Anabela Mota-Pinto, Jorge Mota, Mohammad Esmaeel Motlagh, Jorge Motta, Marcos André Moura-dos-Santos, Malay K Mridha, Kelias P Msyamboza, Thet Thet Mu, Magdalena Muc, Boban Mugoša, Maria L Muiesan, Parvina Mukhtorova, Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Neil Murphy, Jaakko Mursu, Elaine M Murtagh, Kamarul Imran Musa, Sanja Music Milanovic, Vera Musil, Norlaila Mustafa, Iraj Nabipour, Shohreh Naderimagham, Gabriele Nagel, Balkish M Naidu, Farid Najafi, Harunobu Nakamura, Jana Námešná, Ei Ei K Nang, Vinay B Nangia, Martin Nankap, Sameer Narake, Paola Nardone, Matthias Nauck, William A Neal, Azim Nejatizadeh, Chandini Nekkantti, Keiu Nelis, Liis Nelis, Ilona Nenko, Martin Neovius, Flavio Nervi, Chung T Nguyen, Nguyen D Nguyen, Quang Ngoc Nguyen, Ramfis E Nieto-Martínez, Yury P Nikitin, Guang Ning, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Sania Nishtar, Marianna Noale, Oscar A Noboa, Helena Nogueira, Teresa Norat, Maria Nordendahl, Børge G Nordestgaard, Davide Noto, Natalia Nowak-Szczepanska, Mohannad Al Nsour, Irfan Nuhoglu, Eha Nurk, Terence W O'Neill, Dermot O'Reilly, Galina Obreja, Caleb Ochimana, Angélica M Ochoa-Avilés, Eiji Oda, Kyungwon Oh, Kumiko Ohara, Claes Ohlsson, Ryutaro Ohtsuka, Örn Olafsson, Maria Teresa A Olinto, Isabel O Oliveira, Mohd Azahadi Omar, Altan Onat, Sok King Ong, Lariane M Ono, Pedro Ordunez, Rui Ornelas, Ana P Ortiz, Pedro J Ortiz, Merete Osler, Clive Osmond, Sergej M Ostojic, Afshin Ostovar, Johanna A Otero, Kim Overvad, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Fred Michel Paccaud, Cristina Padez, Ioannis Pagkalos, Elena Pahomova, Karina Mary de Paiva, Andrzej Pajak, Domenico Palli, Alberto Palloni, Luigi Palmieri, Wen-Harn Pan, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Arvind Pandey, Francesco Panza, Dimitrios Papandreou, Soon-Woo Park, Suyeon Park, Winsome R Parnell, Mahboubeh Parsaeian, Ionela M Pascanu, Patrick Pasquet, Nikhil D Patel, Ivan Pecin, Mangesh S Pednekar, Nasheeta Peer, Gao Pei, Sergio Viana Peixoto, Markku Peltonen, Alexandre C Pereira, Marco A Peres, Napoleón Pérez-Farinós, Cynthia M Pérez, Valentina Peterkova, Annette Peters, Astrid Petersmann, Janina Petkeviciene, Ausra Petrauskiene, Emanuela Pettenuzzo, Niloofar Peykari, Son Thai Pham, Rafael N Pichardo, Daniela Pierannunzio, Iris Pigeot, Hynek Pikhart, Aida Pilav, Lorenza Pilotto, Francesco Pistelli, Freda Pitakaka, Aleksandra Piwonska, Andreia N Pizarro, Pedro Plans-Rubió, Bee Koon Poh, Hermann Pohlabeln, Raluca M Pop, Stevo R Popovic, Miquel Porta, Georg Posch, Anil Poudyal, Dimitrios Poulimeneas, Hamed Pouraram, Farhad Pourfarzi, Akram Pourshams, Hossein Poustchi, Rajendra Pradeepa, Alison J Price, Jacqueline F Price, Rui Providencia, Jardena J Puder, Iveta Pudule, Soile E Puhakka, Maria Puiu, Margus Punab, Radwan F Qasrawi, Mostafa Qorbani, Tran Quoc Bao, Ivana Radic, Ricardas Radisauskas, Salar Rahimikazerooni, Mahfuzar Rahman, Mahmudur Rahman, Olli Raitakari, Manu Raj, Ellina Rakhimova, Sherali Rakhmatulloev, Ivo Rakovac, Sudha Ramachandra Rao, Ambady Ramachandran, Jacqueline Ramke, Elisabete Ramos, Rafel Ramos, Lekhraj Rampal, Sanjay Rampal, Vayia Rarra, Ramon A Rascon-Pacheco, Mette Rasmussen, Cassiano Ricardo Rech, Josep Redon, Paul Ferdinand M Reganit, Valéria Regecová, Luis Revilla, Abbas Rezaianzadeh, Lourdes Ribas-Barba, Robespierre Ribeiro, Elio Riboli, Adrian Richter, Fernando Rigo, Natascia Rinaldo, Tobias F Rinke de Wit, Ana Rito, Raphael M Ritti-Dias, Juan A Rivera, Cynthia Robitaille, Romana Roccaldo, Daniela Rodrigues, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, María del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Laura A Rodríguez-Villamizar, Ulla Roggenbuck, Rosalba Rojas-Martinez, Nipa Rojroongwasinkul, Dora Romaguera, Elisabetta L Romeo, Rafaela V Rosario, Annika Rosengren, Ian Rouse, Joel GR Roy, Adolfo Rubinstein, Frank J Rühli, Jean-Bernard Ruidavets, Blanca Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Maria Ruiz-Castell, Emma Ruiz Moreno, Iuliia A Rusakova, Kenisha Russell Jonsson, Paola Russo, Petra Rust, Marcin Rutkowski, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Elena Sacchini, Harshpal S Sachdev, Alireza Sadjadi, Ali Reza Safarpour, Saeid Safiri, Nader Saki, Benoit Salanave, Eduardo Salazar Martinez, Diego Salmerón, Veikko Salomaa, Jukka T Salonen, Massimo Salvetti, Margarita Samoutian, Jose Sánchez-Abanto, Sandjaja, Susana Sans, Loreto Santa Marina, Diana A Santos, Ina S Santos, Lèlita C Santos, Maria Paula Santos, Osvaldo Santos, Rute Santos, Sara Santos Sanz, Jouko L Saramies, Luis B Sardinha, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Kai-Uwe Saum, Savvas Savva, Mathilde Savy, Norie Sawada, Mariana Sbaraini, Marcia Scazufca, Beatriz D Schaan, Angelika Schaffrath Rosario, Herman Schargrodsky, Anja Schienkiewitz, Sabine Schipf, Carsten O Schmidt, Ida Maria Schmidt, Peter Schnohr, Ben Schöttker, Sara Schramm, Stine Schramm, Helmut Schröder, Constance Schultsz, Aletta E Schutte, Aye Aye Sein, Rusidah Selamat, Vedrana Sember, Abhijit Sen, Idowu O Senbanjo, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Victor Sequera, Luis Serra-Majem, Jennifer Servais, Ludmila Ševcíková, Svetlana A Shalnova, Teresa Shamah-Levy, Morteza Shamshirgaran, Coimbatore Subramaniam Shanthirani, Maryam Sharafkhah, Sanjib K Sharma, Jonathan E Shaw, Amaneh Shayanrad, Ali Akbar Shayesteh, Lela Shengelia, Zumin Shi, Kenji Shibuya, Hana Shimizu-Furusawa, Dong Wook Shin, Majid Shirani, Rahman Shiri, Namuna Shrestha, Khairil Si-Ramlee, Alfonso Siani, Rosalynn Siantar, Abla M Sibai, Antonio M Silva, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Mary Simon, Judith Simons, Leon A Simons, Agneta Sjöberg, Michael Sjöström, Gry Skodje, Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer, Przemyslaw Slusarczyk, Liam Smeeth, Hung-Kwan So, Fernanda Cunha Soares, Grzegorz Sobek, Eugène Sobngwi, Morten Sodemann, Stefan Söderberg, Moesijanti YE Soekatri, Agustinus Soemantri, Reecha Sofat, Vincenzo Solfrizzi, Mohammad Hossein Somi, Emily Sonestedt, Yi Song, Thorkild IA Sørensen, Elin P Sørgjerd, Charles Sossa Jérome, Victoria E Soto-Rojas, Aïcha Soumaré, Slavica Sovic, Bente Sparboe-Nilsen, Karen Sparrenberger, Angela Spinelli, Igor Spiroski, Jan A Staessen, Hanspeter Stamm, Maria G Stathopoulou, Kaspar Staub, Bill Stavreski, Jostein Steene-Johannessen, Peter Stehle, Aryeh D Stein, George S Stergiou, Jochanan Stessman, Ranko Stevanovic, Jutta Stieber, Doris Stöckl, Tanja Stocks, Jakub Stokwiszewski, Ekaterina Stoyanova, Gareth Stratton, Karien Stronks, Maria Wany Strufaldi, Lela Sturua, Ramón Suárez-Medina, Machi Suka, Chien-An Sun, Johan Sundström, Yn-Tz Sung, Jordi Sunyer, Paibul Suriyawongpaisal, Boyd A Swinburn, Rody G Sy, Holly E Syddall, René Charles Sylva, Moyses Szklo, Lucjan Szponar, E Shyong Tai, Mari-Liis Tammesoo, Abdonas Tamosiunas, Eng Joo Tan, Xun Tang, Maya Tanrygulyyeva, Frank Tanser, Yong Tao, Mohammed Rasoul Tarawneh, Jakob Tarp, Carolina B Tarqui-Mamani, Radka Taxová Braunerová, Anne Taylor, Julie Taylor, Félicité Tchibindat, William R Tebar, Grethe S Tell, Tania Tello, Yih Chung Tham, KR Thankappan, Holger Theobald, Xenophon Theodoridis, Lutgarde Thijs, Nihal Thomas, Betina H Thuesen, Lubica Tichá, Erik J Timmermans, Anne Tjonneland, Hanna K Tolonen, Janne S Tolstrup, Murat Topbas, Roman Topór-Madry, Liv Elin Torheim, María José Tormo, Michael J Tornaritis, Maties Torrent, Laura Torres-Collado, Stefania Toselli, Giota Touloumi, Pierre Traissac, Thi Tuyet-Hanh Tran, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Antonia Trichopoulou, Oanh TH Trinh, Atul Trivedi, Lechaba Tshepo, Maria Tsigga, Shoichiro Tsugane, Azaliia M Tuliakova, Marshall K Tulloch-Reid, Fikru Tullu, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Maria L Turley, Gilad Twig, Per Tynelius, Themistoklis Tzotzas, Christophe Tzourio, Peter Ueda, Eunice Ugel, Flora AM Ukoli, Hanno Ulmer, Belgin Unal, Zhamyila Usupova, Hannu MT Uusitalo, Nalan Uysal, Justina Vaitkeviciute, Gonzalo Valdivia, Susana Vale, Damaskini Valvi, Rob M van Dam, Johan Van der Heyden, Yvonne T van der Schouw, Koen Van Herck, Hoang Van Minh, Natasja M Van Schoor, Irene GM van Valkengoed, Dirk Vanderschueren, Diego Vanuzzo, Anette Varbo, Gregorio Varela-Moreiras, Patricia Varona-Pérez, Senthil K Vasan, Tomas Vega, Toomas Veidebaum, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez, Biruta Velika, Giovanni Veronesi, WM Monique Verschuren, Cesar G Victora, Giovanni Viegi, Lucie Viet, Salvador Villalpando, Paolo Vineis, Jesus Vioque, Jyrki K Virtanen, Marjolein Visser, Sophie Visvikis-Siest, Bharathi Viswanathan, Mihaela Vladulescu, Tiina Vlasoff, Dorja Vocanec, Peter Vollenweider, Henry Völzke, Ari Voutilainen, Sari Voutilainen, Martine Vrijheid, Tanja GM Vrijkotte, Alisha N Wade, Aline Wagner, Thomas Waldhör, Janette Walton, Elvis OA Wambiya, Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud, Rildo de Souza Wanderley Júnior, Ming-Dong Wang, Ningli Wang, Qian Wang, Xiangjun Wang, Ya Xing Wang, Ying-Wei Wang, S Goya Wannamethee, Nicholas Wareham, Adelheid Weber, Niels Wedderkopp, Deepa Weerasekera, Daniel Weghuber, Wenbin Wei, Aneta Weres, Bo Werner, Peter H Whincup, Kurt Widhalm, Indah S Widyahening, Andrzej Wiecek, Rainford J Wilks, Johann Willeit, Peter Willeit, Julianne Williams, Tom Wilsgaard, Bogdan Wojtyniak, Roy A Wong-McClure, Andrew Wong, Jyh Eiin Wong, Tien Yin Wong, Jean Woo, Mark Woodward, Frederick C Wu, Jianfeng Wu, Li Juan Wu, Shouling Wu, Haiquan Xu, Liang Xu, Nor Azwany Yaacob, Uruwan Yamborisut, Weili Yan, Ling Yang, Xiaoguang Yang, Yang Yang, Nazan Yardim, Mehdi Yaseri, Tabara Yasuharu, Xingwang Ye, Panayiotis K Yiallouros, Moein Yoosefi, Akihiro Yoshihara, Qi Sheng You, San-Lin You, Novie O Younger-Coleman, Safiah Md Yusof, Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff, Luciana Zaccagni, Vassilis Zafiropulos, Ahmad A Zainuddin, Seyed Rasoul Zakavi, Farhad Zamani, Sabina Zambon, Antonis Zampelas, Hana Zamrazilová, Maria Elisa Zapata, Abdul Hamid Zargar, Ko Ko Zaw, Tomasz Zdrojewski, Kristyna Zejglicova, Tajana Zeljkovic Vrkic, Yi Zeng, Luxia Zhang, Zhen-Yu Zhang, Dong Zhao, Ming-Hui Zhao, Wenhua Zhao, Shiqi Zhen, Wei Zheng, Yingfeng Zheng, Bekbolat Zholdin, Maigeng Zhou, Dan Zhu, Marie Zins, Emanuel Zitt, Yanina Zocalo, Julio Zuñiga Cisneros, Monika Zuziak, Majid Ezzati, Sarah Filippi

eLife 10 2021.3

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions.

DOI： 10.7554/elife.60060

Other Link： https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/60060/elife-60060-v1.xml

A 5-year longitudinal association between dietary fermented soya bean (natto) intake and tooth loss through bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: The Yokogoshi cohort study. International journal

Masanori Iwasaki, Misuzu Sato, Akihiro Yoshihara, Toshiko Saito, Kaori Kitamura, Toshihiro Ansai, Kazutoshi Nakamura

Gerodontology 38 ( 3 ) 267 - 275 2021.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

OBJECTIVE: In this 5-year cohort study, we aimed to determine whether the intake of natto, a fermented soya bean food product, has an indirect effect on tooth loss incidence through BMD changes among postmenopausal women. BACKGROUND: Evidence indicates (1) that natto has a beneficial effect on bone health and (2) that a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) is associated with tooth loss. METHODS: The study recruited 435 postmenopausal women (average age = 64.2 years). Natto intake (exposure) was assessed at baseline using a food frequency questionnaire. Lumbar spine BMD and number of teeth were measured at baseline and 5-year follow-up. BMD change (mediator) and the number of teeth lost (outcome) over time were calculated. The mediation model consisted of these 3 variables. Mediation analysis was performed to test the indirect effect of the natto intake measured through BMD change on tooth loss. RESULTS: During the study, the mean number of teeth lost was 1.2 (standard deviation = 1.8), and the mean BMD decline was 2.5% (standard deviation = 7.1). After adjusting for potential confounders, increasing habitual natto intake was significantly indirectly associated with a lower incidence of tooth loss mediated by BMD change (incidence rate ratio of tooth loss among women with "≥1 pack/day" natto intake was 0.90 [95% confidence interval = 0.82-0.99] compared to those with natto consumption of "rarely"). CONCLUSIONS: Dietary natto intake is significantly indirectly associated with a lower incidence of tooth loss among postmenopausal women, and systemic bone density could be a mediator of this association.

DOI： 10.1111/ger.12523

Interaction between and impact of IL-6 genotype and alpha-tocopherol levels on periodontal condition in aging individuals. International journal

Akihiro Yoshihara, Noboru Kaneko, Akane Miyamoto, Kaname Nohno

Journal of periodontal research 56 ( 1 ) 139 - 146 2021.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Few studies have assessed the possible interaction between and impact of IL-6 variants and serum α-tocopherol levels on periodontal condition in older individuals. Here, we assessed the relationship between IL-6 variants and serum α-tocopherol levels on periodontal condition by considering effect modification. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Among the study participants, 359 who were 71 years of age underwent a dental examination, biochemical analysis, and interview. After dividing the participants into tertiles based on serum α-tocopherol levels, we conducted Poisson regression analysis to compare the prevalence rate ratio (PRR) for periodontal disease markers with the IL-6 genotype (rs1800796) based on each tertile adjusted by the number of teeth present (offset). RESULTS: The PRRs of the IL-6 genotype for periodontal condition (probing pocket depth [PPD], clinical attachment level [CAL], and bleeding on probing [BOP]) which were adjusted by the number of teeth present (offset) were 1.17 (P < .001), 1.37 (P < .001), and 1.08 (P = .048), respectively. In addition, a significant association was found between the reciprocal number of PRRs of the IL-6 genotype and three serum α-tocopherol levels. The adjusted PRRs (± standard error) of the IL-6 genotypes for PPD were 0.48 (0.12) for the first group (P < .001), 1.54 (0.04) for the second group (P < .001), and 2.11 (0.03) for the third group (P < .001); similar tendencies were seen for CAL and BOP. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest a potential association between the IL-6 genotype and periodontal condition in relation to serum antioxidant concentrations.

DOI： 10.1111/jre.12802

Dentition status and 10-year higher-level functional capacity trajectories in older adults.

Masanori Iwasaki, Akihiro Yoshihara

Geriatrics & gerontology international 21 ( 1 ) 48 - 53 2021.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

AIM: The effect of dentition status on higher-level functional capacity patterns over time remains unclear. We aimed to identify distinct higher-level functional capacity trajectories in individuals aged 70-80 years, and examine whether dentition status at 70 years predicted the trajectory. METHODS: The study included 551 community-dwelling adults aged 70 years at baseline. Higher-level functional capacity was measured using the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence (TMIG-IC) up to the age of 80 years. A higher TMIG-IC score indicated a higher level of competence. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify distinct TMIG-IC trajectories. The number of teeth, use of dentures, sex and education were added as baseline group membership predictors. Dental visits, health behaviors, body mass index and comorbidities during observation were added as time-varying covariates. RESULTS: Three TMIG-IC trajectories were identified: "high/stable" (65.3%), "middle/decline" (24.5%) and "low/decline" (10.2%). A lower number of teeth and non-denture use were associated with increased odds of a low/decline trajectory relative to a high/stable trajectory (odds ratio 1.09, 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.14 [per one decrease] and odds ratio 3.96, 95% confidence interval 1.54-10.16, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Older adults with fewer teeth and those without dentures at the age of 70 years were more likely to follow a trajectory toward functional decline with low baseline TMIG-IC scores, which further declines by the age of 80 years. These findings suggest that preserving natural teeth later in life, as well as using dentures, could contribute toward maintaining a higher-level functional competence. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 48-53.

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.14099

腎機能と歯の本数との関連(魚沼コホート胴査より)

皆川久美子, 葭原明弘, 諏訪間加奈, 小川祐司

口腔衛生学会雑誌 71 ( 1 ) 52 - 52 2021.1

抗Porphyromonas gingivalis IgG血清抗体価と肝機能マーカー値および肥満との関連性佐渡コホートにおける横断研究

高見澤圭, 杉田典子, 葭原明弘, 小林哲夫, 吉江弘正, 多部田康一

新潟歯学会雑誌 50 ( 2 ) 108 - 109 2020.12

Diet and root surface caries in a cohort of older Japanese. International journal

Akihiro Yoshihara, Kana Suwama, Akane Miyamoto, Reiko Watanabe, Hiroshi Ogawa

Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 49 ( 3 ) 301 - 308 2020.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

OBJECTIVES: Root surface caries experience tends to increase with age. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the relationship between aspects of dietary intake, including milk and sucrose in coffee or tea (SCT), and root surface caries in older Japanese individuals. METHODS: 303 community-dwelling older individuals (age 75 years) were enrolled for analysis. All participants underwent a dental examination at baseline and then annually from 2003 to 2008 (ie six times over a 5-year period). A disease event was considered to have occurred when root surface caries was detected on a previously sound or nonexposed root surface. Over the observation period, disease events in each year were counted. Dietary habits during the preceding month were evaluated using a brief self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ) in 2003 and 2008. Poisson regression analysis performed crude and adjusted increment-rate ratios (IRRs) for root surface caries and the intake of milk and SCT. RESULTS: The adjusted increment-rate ratio (IRR) of the increment of root surface caries for participants in the highest SCT tertile was 1.72 (95%CI: 1.40-2.14) compared with the referent group. In addition, for the amount of milk intake, the adjusted IRR in the highest tertile was 0.63 (95% CI: 0.51-0.78) compared with the referent group. CONCLUSIONS: Much SCT and low milk intake were associated with the increment of root surface caries in community-dwelling older people in Japan. These findings suggest that to help prevent root surface caries, community-dwelling older people in Japan should consume adequate amounts of milk daily and limit their intake of SCT.

DOI： 10.1111/cdoe.12602

Association between serum IgG antibody titers against Porphyromonas gingivalis and liver enzyme levels: A cross-sectional study in Sado Island. International journal

Kei Takamisawa, Noriko Sugita, Shigeki Komatsu, Minako Wakasugi, Akio Yokoseki, Akihiro Yoshihara, Tetsuo Kobayashi, Kazutoshi Nakamura, Osamu Onodera, Takeshi Momotsu, Naoto Endo, Kenji Sato, Ichiei Narita, Hiromasa Yoshie, Koichi Tabeta

Heliyon 6 ( 11 ) e05531 2020.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Background: Previous studies have reported associations between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, periodontitis, and obesity. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titer against Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major pathogen of periodontitis, is an established indicator of periodontal infection. However, the relationship between the antibody titer and liver enzyme levels has not been clarified yet. A study in the elderly was needed to evaluate the effect of long-term persistent bacterial infection on liver function. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between liver function and infection by P. gingivalis, and the effect of obesity on the association. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in adult outpatients visiting Sado General Hospital, in Niigata Prefecture, Japan, from 2008 to 2010. The final participants included 192 men and 196 women (mean age 68.1 years). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between the serum IgG antibody titer and the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and γ-glutamine transferase (GGT) levels. Results: In women, serum IgG antibody titers against P. gingivalis was associated with elevated ALT, but not with AST or GGT, independent of covariates (p = 0.015). No significant association was found between the antibody titer and the elevated liver enzymes in men. The effect of obesity on the relationship between antibody titer and liver enzyme levels was not statistically significant. Conclusions: A cross-sectional analysis of adult outpatients suggested an association between P. gingivalis infection and ALT levels in women. The effect of obesity on this association was not statistically significant.

DOI： 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05531

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Andrea Rodriguez-Martinez, Bin Zhou, Marisa K Sophiea, James Bentham, Christopher J Paciorek, Maria LC Iurilli, Rodrigo M Carrillo-Larco, James E Bennett, Mariachiara Di Cesare, Cristina Taddei, Honor Bixby, Gretchen A Stevens, Leanne M Riley, Melanie J Cowan, Stefan Savin, Goodarz Danaei, Adela Chirita-Emandi, Andre P Kengne, Young-Ho Khang, Avula Laxmaiah, Reza Malekzadeh, J Jaime Miranda, Jin Soo Moon, Stevo R Popovic, Thorkild IA Sørensen, Maroje Soric, Gregor Starc, Ahmad A Zainuddin, Edward W Gregg, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Robert Black, Leandra Abarca-Gómez, Ziad A Abdeen, Shynar Abdrakhmanova, Suhaila Abdul Ghaffar, Hanan F Abdul Rahim, Niveen M Abu-Rmeileh, Jamila Abubakar Garba, Benjamin Acosta-Cazares, Robert J Adams, Wichai Aekplakorn, Kaosar Afsana, Shoaib Afzal, Imelda A Agdeppa, Javad Aghazadeh-Attari, Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas, Charles Agyemang, Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad, Noor Ani Ahmad, Ali Ahmadi, Naser Ahmadi, Soheir H Ahmed, Wolfgang Ahrens, Gulmira Aitmurzaeva, Kamel Ajlouni, Hazzaa M Al-Hazzaa, Amani Rashed Al-Othman, Rajaa Al-Raddadi, Monira Alarouj, Fadia AlBuhairan, Shahla AlDhukair, Mohamed M Ali, Abdullah Alkandari, Ala'a Alkerwi, Kristine Allin, Mar Alvarez-Pedrerol, Eman Aly, Deepak N Amarapurkar, Parisa Amiri, Norbert Amougou, Philippe Amouyel, Lars Bo Andersen, Sigmund A Anderssen, Lars Ängquist, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri, Joana Araújo, Inger Ariansen, Tahir Aris, Raphael E Arku, Nimmathota Arlappa, Krishna K Aryal, Thor Aspelund, Felix K Assah, Maria Cecília F Assunção, May Soe Aung, Juha Auvinen, Mária Avdicová, Ana Azevedo, Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad, Fereidoun Azizi, Mehrdad Azmin, Bontha V Babu, Maja Bæksgaard Jørgensen, Azli Baharudin, Suhad Bahijri, Jennifer L Baker, Nagalla Balakrishna, Mohamed Bamoshmoosh, Maciej Banach, Piotr Bandosz, José R Banegas, Joanna Baran, Carlo M Barbagallo, Alberto Barceló, Amina Barkat, Aluisio JD Barros, Mauro Virgílio Gomes Barros, Abdul Basit, Joao Luiz D Bastos, Iqbal 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Prakash C Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Oye Gureje, Beata Gurzkowska, Enrique Gutiérrez-González, Laura Gutierrez, Felix Gutzwiller, Seongjun Ha, Farzad Hadaegh, Charalambos A Hadjigeorgiou, Rosa Haghshenas, Hamid Hakimi, Jytte Halkjær, Ian R Hambleton, Behrooz Hamzeh, Dominique Hange, Abu AM Hanif, Sari Hantunen, Rachakulla Hari Kumar, Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Shahri, Maria Hassapidou, Jun Hata, Teresa Haugsgjerd, Alison J Hayes, Jiang He, Yuan He, Yuna He, Regina Heidinger-Felso, Mirjam Heinen, Tatjana Hejgaard, Marleen Elisabeth Hendriks, Rafael dos Santos Henrique, Ana Henriques, Leticia Hernandez Cadena, Sauli Herrala, Victor M Herrera, Isabelle Herter-Aeberli, Ramin Heshmat, Allan G Hill, Sai Yin Ho, Suzanne C Ho, Michael Hobbs, Albert Hofman, Ingunn Holden Bergh, Michelle Holdsworth, Reza Homayounfar, Clara Homs, Wilma M Hopman, Andrea RVR Horimoto, Claudia M Hormiga, Bernardo L Horta, Leila Houti, Christina Howitt, Thein Thein Htay, Aung Soe Htet, Maung Maung Than Htike, Yonghua Hu, José María Huerta, Ilpo Tapani Huhtaniemi, Constanta Huidumac Petrescu, Abdullatif Husseini, Chinh Nguyen Huu, Inge Huybrechts, Nahla Hwalla, Jolanda Hyska, Licia Iacoviello, Jesús M Ibarluzea, Mohsen M Ibrahim, Norazizah Ibrahim Wong, Nayu Ikeda, M Arfan Ikram, Violeta Iotova, Vilma E Irazola, Takafumi Ishida, Muhammad Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Masanori Iwasaki, Rod T Jackson, Jeremy M Jacobs, Hashem Y Jaddou, Tazeen Jafar, Kenneth James, Kazi M Jamil, Konrad Jamrozik, Imre Janszky, Edward Janus, Juel Jarani, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Grazyna Jasienska, Ana Jelakovic, Bojan Jelakovic, Garry Jennings, Anjani Kumar Jha, Chao Qiang Jiang, Ramon O Jimenez, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Michel Joffres, Mattias Johansson, Jari J Jokelainen, Jost B Jonas, Torben Jørgensen, Pradeep Joshi, Farahnaz Joukar, Dragana P Jovic, Jacek J Józwiak, Anne Juolevi, Gregor Jurak, Iulia Jurca Simina, Vesna Juresa, Rudolf Kaaks, Felix O Kaducu, Anthony Kafatos, Eero O Kajantie, Zhanna Kalmatayeva, Ofra Kalter-Leibovici, Yves Kameli, Kodanda R Kanala, Srinivasan Kannan, Efthymios Kapantais, Khem B Karki, Marzieh Katibeh, Joanne Katz, Peter T Katzmarzyk, Jussi Kauhanen, Prabhdeep Kaur, Maryam Kavousi, Gyulli M Kazakbaeva, Ulrich Keil, Lital Keinan Boker, Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Roya Kelishadi, Cecily Kelleher, Han CG Kemper, Andre P Kengne, Maryam Keramati, Alina Kerimkulova, Mathilde Kersting, Timothy Key, Yousef Saleh Khader, Davood Khalili, Young-Ho Khang, Kay-Tee Khaw, Bahareh Kheiri, Motahareh Kheradmand, Alireza Khosravi, Ilse MSL Khouw, Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Stefan Kiechl, Japhet Killewo, Dong Wook Kim, Hyeon Chang Kim, Jeongseon Kim, Jenny M Kindblom, Heidi Klakk, Magdalena Klimek, Jeannette Klimont, Jurate Klumbiene, Michael Knoflach, Bhawesh Koirala, Elin Kolle, Patrick Kolsteren, Jürgen König, Raija Korpelainen, Paul Korrovits, Magdalena Korzycka, Jelena Kos, Seppo Koskinen, Katsuyasu Kouda, Viktoria A Kovacs, Sudhir Kowlessur, Slawomir Koziel, Wolfgang Kratzer, Susi Kriemler, Peter Lund Kristensen, Steiner Krokstad, Daan Kromhout, Branimir Krtalic, Herculina S Kruger, Ruzena Kubinova, Renata Kuciene, Urho M Kujala, Enisa Kujundzic, Zbigniew Kulaga, R Krishna Kumar, Marie Kunešová, Pawel Kurjata, Yadlapalli S Kusuma, Kari Kuulasmaa, Catherine Kyobutungi, Quang Ngoc La, Fatima Zahra Laamiri, Tiina Laatikainen, Carl Lachat, Youcef Laid, Tai Hing Lam, Christina-Paulina Lambrinou, Edwige Landais, Vera Lanska, Georg Lappas, Bagher Larijani, Tint Swe Latt, Laura Lauria, Avula Laxmaiah, Maria Lazo-Porras, Khanh Le Nguyen Bao, Agnès Le Port, Tuyen D Le, Jeannette Lee, Jeonghee Lee, Paul H Lee, Nils Lehmann, Terho Lehtimäki, Daniel Lemogoum, Naomi S Levitt, Yanping Li, Merike Liivak, Christa L Lilly, Wei-Yen Lim, M Fernanda Lima-Costa, Hsien-Ho Lin, Xu Lin, Yi-Ting Lin, Lars Lind, Allan Linneberg, Lauren Lissner, Mieczyslaw Litwin, Jing Liu, Lijuan Liu, Wei-Cheng Lo, Helle-Mai Loit, Khuong Quynh Long, Luis Lopes, Oscar Lopes, Esther Lopez-Garcia, Tania Lopez, Paulo A Lotufo, José Eugenio Lozano, Janice L Lukrafka, Dalia Luksiene, Annamari Lundqvist, Robert Lundqvist, Nuno Lunet, Charles Lunogelo, Michala Lustigová, Edyta Luszczki, Guansheng Ma, Jun Ma, Xu Ma, George LL Machado-Coelho, Aristides M Machado-Rodrigues, Suka Machi, Luisa M Macieira, Ahmed A Madar, Stefania Maggi, Dianna J Magliano, Sara Magnacca, Emmanuella Magriplis, Gowri Mahasampath, Bernard Maire, Marjeta Majer, Marcia Makdisse, Päivi Mäki, Fatemeh Malekzadeh, Reza Malekzadeh, Rahul Malhotra, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao, Sofia K Malyutina, Lynell V Maniego, Yannis Manios, Jim I Mann, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Enzo Manzato, Paula Margozzini, Anastasia Markaki, Oonagh Markey, Eliza Markidou Ioannidou, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Larissa Pruner Marques, Jaume Marrugat, Yves Martin-Prevel, Rosemarie Martin, Reynaldo Martorell, Eva Martos, Stefano Marventano, Luis P Mascarenhas, Shariq R Masoodi, Ellisiv B Mathiesen, Prashant Mathur, Alicia Matijasevich, Tandi E Matsha, Christina 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Keiu Nelis, Liis Nelis, Ilona Nenko, Martin Neovius, Flavio Nervi, Chung T Nguyen, D Nguyen, Quang Ngoc Nguyen, Ramfis E Nieto-Martínez, Yury P Nikitin, Guang Ning, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Sania Nishtar, Marianna Noale, Oscar A Noboa, Helena Nogueira, Teresa Norat, Maria Nordendahl, Børge G Nordestgaard, Davide Noto, Natalia Nowak-Szczepanska, Mohannad Al Nsour, Irfan Nuhoglu, Eha Nurk, Terence W O'Neill, Dermot O'Reilly, Galina Obreja, Caleb Ochimana, Angélica M Ochoa-Avilés, Eiji Oda, Kyungwon Oh, Kumiko Ohara, Claes Ohlsson, Ryutaro Ohtsuka, Örn Olafsson, Maria Teresa A Olinto, Isabel O Oliveira, Mohd Azahadi Omar, Altan Onat, Sok King Ong, Lariane M Ono, Pedro Ordunez, Rui Ornelas, Ana P Ortiz, Pedro J Ortiz, Merete Osler, Clive Osmond, Sergej M Ostojic, Afshin Ostovar, Johanna A Otero, Kim Overvad, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Fred Michel Paccaud, Cristina Padez, Ioannis Pagkalos, Elena Pahomova, Karina Mary de Paiva, Andrzej Pajak, Domenico Palli, Alberto Palloni, Luigi Palmieri, Wen-Harn Pan, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Arvind Pandey, Francesco Panza, Dimitrios Papandreou, Soon-Woo Park, Suyeon Park, Winsome R Parnell, Mahboubeh Parsaeian, Ionela M Pascanu, Patrick Pasquet, Nikhil D Patel, Mangesh S Pednekar, Nasheeta Peer, Sergio Viana Peixoto, Markku Peltonen, Alexandre C Pereira, Marco A Peres, Napoleón Pérez-Farinós, Cynthia M Pérez, Valentina Peterkova, Annette Peters, Astrid Petersmann, Janina Petkeviciene, Ausra Petrauskiene, Emanuela Pettenuzzo, Niloofar Peykari, Son Thai Pham, Rafael N Pichardo, Daniela Pierannunzio, Iris Pigeot, Hynek Pikhart, Aida Pilav, Lorenza Pilotto, Francesco Pistelli, Freda Pitakaka, Aleksandra Piwonska, Andreia N Pizarro, Pedro Plans-Rubió, Bee Koon Poh, Hermann Pohlabeln, Raluca M Pop, Stevo R Popovic, Miquel Porta, Georg Posch, Anil Poudyal, Dimitrios Poulimeneas, Hamed Pouraram, Farhad Pourfarzi, Akram Pourshams, Hossein Poustchi, Rajendra Pradeepa, Alison J Price, Jacqueline F Price, Rui Providencia, Jardena J Puder, Iveta Pudule, Soile E Puhakka, Maria Puiu, Margus Punab, Radwan F Qasrawi, Mostafa Qorbani, Tran Quoc Bao, Ivana Radic, Ricardas Radisauskas, Salar Rahimikazerooni, Mahfuzar Rahman, Mahmudur Rahman, Olli Raitakari, Manu Raj, Ellina Rakhimova, Sherali Rakhmatulloev, Ivo Rakovac, Sudha Ramachandra Rao, Ambady Ramachandran, Jacqueline Ramke, Elisabete Ramos, Rafel Ramos, Lekhraj Rampal, Sanjay Rampal, Vayia Rarra, Ramon A Rascon-Pacheco, Mette Rasmussen, Cassiano Ricardo Rech, Josep Redon, Paul Ferdinand M Reganit, Valéria Regecová, Luis Revilla, Abbas Rezaianzadeh, Lourdes Ribas-Barba, Robespierre Ribeiro, Elio Riboli, Adrian Richter, Fernando Rigo, Natascia Rinaldo, Tobias F Rinke de Wit, Ana Rito, Raphael M Ritti-Dias, Juan A Rivera, Cynthia Robitaille, Romana Roccaldo, Daniela Rodrigues, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, María del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Laura A Rodríguez-Villamizar, Ulla Roggenbuck, Rosalba Rojas-Martinez, Nipa Rojroongwasinkul, Dora Romaguera, Elisabetta L Romeo, Rafaela V Rosario, Annika 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Nicholas Wareham, Adelheid Weber, Niels Wedderkopp, Deepa Weerasekera, Daniel Weghuber, Wenbin Wei, Aneta Weres, Bo Werner, Peter H Whincup, Kurt Widhalm, Indah S Widyahening, Andrzej Wiecek, Rainford J Wilks, Johann Willeit, Peter Willeit, Julianne Williams, Tom Wilsgaard, Bogdan Wojtyniak, Roy A Wong-McClure, Andrew Wong, Jyh Eiin Wong, Tien Yin Wong, Jean Woo, Mark Woodward, Frederick C Wu, Jianfeng Wu, Li Juan Wu, Shouling Wu, Haiquan Xu, Liang Xu, Nor Azwany Yaacob, Uruwan Yamborisut, Weili Yan, Ling Yang, Xiaoguang Yang, Yang Yang, Nazan Yardim, Mehdi Yaseri, Tabara Yasuharu, Xingwang Ye, Panayiotis K Yiallouros, Moein Yoosefi, Akihiro Yoshihara, Qi Sheng You, San-Lin You, Novie O Younger-Coleman, Safiah Md Yusof, Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff, Luciana Zaccagni, Vassilis Zafiropulos, Ahmad A Zainuddin, Seyed Rasoul Zakavi, Farhad Zamani, Sabina Zambon, Antonis Zampelas, Hana Zamrazilová, Maria Elisa Zapata, Abdul Hamid Zargar, Ko Ko Zaw, Tomasz Zdrojewski, Tajana Zeljkovic Vrkic, Yi Zeng, Luxia Zhang, Zhen-Yu Zhang, Dong Zhao, Ming-Hui Zhao, Wenhua Zhao, Shiqi Zhen, Wei Zheng, Yingfeng Zheng, Bekbolat Zholdin, Maigeng Zhou, Dan Zhu, Yanina Zocalo, Julio Zuñiga Cisneros, Monika Zuziak, Majid Ezzati

The Lancet 396 ( 10261 ) 1511 - 1524 2020.11

The oral microbiome of healthy Japanese people at the age of 90

Yoshiaki Nomura, Erika Kakuta, Noboru Kaneko, Kaname Nohno, Akihiro Yoshihara, Nobuhiro Hanada

Applied Sciences (Switzerland) 10 ( 18 ) 2020.9

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

© 2020 by the authors. For a healthy oral cavity, maintaining a healthy microbiome is essential. However, data on healthy microbiomes are not sufficient. To determine the nature of the core microbiome, the oral-microbiome structure was analyzed using pyrosequencing data. Saliva samples were obtained from healthy 90-year-old participants who attended the 20-year follow-up Niigata cohort study. A total of 85 people participated in the health checkups. The study population consisted of 40 male and 45 female participants. Stimulated saliva samples were obtained by chewing paraffin wax for 5 min. The V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene were amplified by PCR. Pyrosequencing was performed using MiSeq. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were assigned on the basis of a 97% identity search in the EzTaxon-e database. Using the threshold of 100% detection on the species level, 13 species were detected: Streptococcus sinensis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus salivarius, KV831974_s, Streptococcus parasanguinis, Veillonella dispar, Granulicatella adiacens, Streptococcus_uc, Streptococcus peroris, KE952139_s, Veillonella parvula, Atopobium parvulum, and AFQU_vs. These species represent potential candidates for the core make-up of the human microbiome.

DOI： 10.3390/APP10186450

Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

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Patel, Nasheeta Peer, Sergio Viana Peixoto, Markku Peltonen, Alexandre C. Pereira, Annette Peters, Astrid Petersmann, Janina Petkeviciene, Niloofar Peykari, Son Thai Pham, Rafael N. Pichardo, Iris Pigeot, Aida Pilav, Lorenza Pilotto, Aleksandra Piwonska, Andreia N. Pizarro, Pedro Plans-Rubió, Silvia Plata, Hermann Pohlabeln, Miquel Porta, Marileen L. P. Portegies, Anil Poudyal, Farhad Pourfarzi, Hossein Poustchi, Rajendra Pradeepa, Jacqueline F. Price, Rui Providencia, Jardena J. Puder, Soile E. Puhakka, Margus Punab, Mostafa Qorbani, Tran Quoc Bao, Ricardas Radisauskas, Salar Rahimikazerooni, Olli Raitakari, Sudha Ramachandra Rao, Ambady Ramachandran, Elisabete Ramos, Rafel Ramos, Lekhraj Rampal, Sanjay Rampal, Josep Redon, Paul Ferdinand M. Reganit, Luis Revilla, Abbas Rezaianzadeh, Robespierre Ribeiro, Adrian Richter, Fernando Rigo, Tobias F. Rinke de Wit, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, María del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Laura A. Rodríguez-Villamizar, Ulla Roggenbuck, Rosalba Rojas-Martinez, Dora Romaguera, Elisabetta L. Romeo, Annika Rosengren, Joel G. R. Roy, Adolfo Rubinstein, Jean-Bernard Ruidavets, Blanca Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Paola Russo, Petra Rust, Marcin Rutkowski, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Harshpal S. Sachdev, Alireza Sadjadi, Ali Reza Safarpour, Saeid Safiri, Olfa Saidi, Nader Saki, Benoit Salanave, Diego Salmerón, Veikko Salomaa, Jukka T. Salonen, Massimo Salvetti, Jose Sánchez-Abanto, Susana Sans, Alba M. Santaliestra-Pasías, Diana A. Santos, Maria Paula Santos, Rute Santos, Jouko L. Saramies, Luis B. Sardinha, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Kai-Uwe Saum, Savvas C. Savva, Norie Sawada, Mariana Sbaraini, Marcia Scazufca, Beatriz D. Schaan, Herman Schargrodsky, Christa Scheidt-Nave, Anja Schienkiewitz, Sabine Schipf, Carsten O. Schmidt, Ben Schöttker, Sara Schramm, Sylvain Sebert, Aye Aye Sein, Abhijit Sen, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Jennifer Servais, Ramin Shakeri, Svetlana A. Shalnova, Teresa Shamah-Levy, Maryam Sharafkhah, Sanjib K. Sharma, Jonathan E. Shaw, Amaneh Shayanrad, Zumin Shi, Kenji Shibuya, Hana Shimizu-Furusawa, Dong Wook Shin, Youchan Shin, Majid Shirani, Rahman Shiri, Namuna Shrestha, Khairil Si-Ramlee, Alfonso Siani, Rosalynn Siantar, Abla M. Sibai, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Mary Simon, Judith Simons, Leon A. Simons, Michael Sjöström, Tea Skaaby, Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer, Przemyslaw Slusarczyk, Liam Smeeth, Marieke B. Snijder, Stefan Söderberg, Agustinus Soemantri, Reecha Sofat, Vincenzo Solfrizzi, Mohammad Hossein Somi, Emily Sonestedt, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen, Charles Sossa Jérome, Aïcha Soumaré, Kaan Sozmen, Karen Sparrenberger, Jan A. Staessen, Maria G. Stathopoulou, Bill Stavreski, Jostein Steene-Johannessen, Peter Stehle, Aryeh D. Stein, Jochanan Stessman, Ranko Stevanović, Jutta Stieber, Doris Stöckl, Jakub Stokwiszewski, Karien Stronks, Maria Wany Strufaldi, Ramón Suárez-Medina, Chien-An Sun, Johan Sundström, Paibul Suriyawongpaisal, Rody G. Sy, René Charles Sylva, Moyses Szklo, E. Shyong Tai, Abdonas Tamosiunas, Eng Joo Tan, Mohammed Rasoul Tarawneh, Carolina B. Tarqui-Mamani, Anne Taylor, Julie Taylor, Grethe S. Tell, Tania Tello, K. R. Thankappan, Lutgarde Thijs, Betina H. Thuesen, Ulla Toft, Hanna K. Tolonen, Janne S. Tolstrup, Murat Topbas, Roman Topór-Madry, María José Tormo, Michael J. Tornaritis, Maties Torrent, Laura Torres-Collado, Pierre Traissac, Oanh T. H. Trinh, Julia Truthmann, Shoichiro Tsugane, Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen, Christophe Tzourio, Peter Ueda, Eunice Ugel, Hanno Ulmer, Belgin Unal, Hannu M. T. Uusitalo, Gonzalo Valdivia, Damaskini Valvi, Rob M. van Dam, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Koen Van Herck, Hoang Van Minh, Lenie van Rossem, Natasja M. Van Schoor, Irene G. M. van Valkengoed, Dirk Vanderschueren, Diego Vanuzzo, Anette Varbo, Patricia Varona-Pérez, Senthil K. Vasan, Lars Vatten, Tomas Vega, Toomas Veidebaum, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez, Silvia J. Venero-Fernández, Giovanni Veronesi, W. M. Monique Verschuren, Cesar G. Victora, Dhanasari Vidiawati, Lucie Viet, Salvador Villalpando, Jesus Vioque, Jyrki K. Virtanen, Sophie Visvikis-Siest, Bharathi Viswanathan, Tiina Vlasoff, Peter Vollenweider, Ari Voutilainen, Alisha N. Wade, Aline Wagner, Janette Walton, Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud, Ming-Dong Wang, Ningli Wang, Qian Wang, Ya Xing Wang, Ying-Wei Wang, S. Goya Wannamethee, Niels Wedderkopp, Wenbin Wei, Peter H. Whincup, Kurt Widhalm, Indah S. Widyahening, Andrzej Wiecek, Alet H. Wijga, Rainford J. Wilks, Johann Willeit, Peter Willeit, Tom Wilsgaard, Bogdan Wojtyniak, Roy A. Wong-McClure, Andrew Wong, Tien Yin Wong, Jean Woo, Mark Woodward, Frederick C. Wu, Shouling Wu, Haiquan Xu, Liang Xu, Weili Yan, Xiaoguang Yang, Tabara Yasuharu, Xingwang Ye, Toh Peng Yeow, Panayiotis K. Yiallouros, Moein Yoosefi, Akihiro Yoshihara, San-Lin You, Novie O. Younger-Coleman, Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff, Ahmad A. Zainuddin, Seyed Rasoul Zakavi, Mohammad Reza Zali, Farhad Zamani, Sabina Zambon, Antonis Zampelas, Ko Ko Zaw, Tomasz Zdrojewski, Tajana Zeljkovic Vrkic, Zhen-Yu Zhang, Wenhua Zhao, Shiqi Zhen, Yingfeng Zheng, Bekbolat Zholdin, Baurzhan Zhussupov, Nada Zoghlami, Julio Zuñiga Cisneros, Edward W. Gregg, Majid Ezzati, NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

Nature 582 ( 7810 ) 73 - 77 2020.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Nature Research

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.

DOI： 10.1038/s41586-020-2338-1

血中肝機能マーカーと抗Porphyromonas gingivalis抗体価の関連性

杉田典子, 高見澤圭, 葭原明弘, 小林哲夫, 吉江弘正, 多部田康一

特定非営利活動法人日本歯科保存学会学術大会プログラムおよび講演抄録集 152回 148 - 148 2020.6

小児の口唇閉鎖力と口腔内を含む関連要因の研究口唇閉鎖習慣と姿勢

諏訪間加奈, 野上有紀子, 葭原明弘

小児歯科学雑誌 58 ( 大会抄録(誌上開催)号 ) 95 - 95 2020.4

The relationship between sucrose intake in coffee or tea, and root or coronal caries in an elderly Japanese population. Reviewed International journal

A Yoshihara, K Suwama, A Miyamoto, R Watanabe, H Ogawa

Community dental health 2020.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

OBJECTIVES: Few studies have examined the effect of sucrose intake in coffee or tea (SCT) on dental caries, especially root caries, in elderly people. The purpose of the present study was to examine the associations between SCT and the prevalence of root or coronal caries in community-dwelling elderly Japanese. METHODS: Participants were 370 elders aged 75 years from a larger cohort study of elders in Niigata City, Japan. Dietary habits during the preceding month were assessed with a validated brief self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ). The caries examination was conducted using mirror and ball-pointed periodontal probes under artificial light. Poisson regression analysis was performed to analyze the prevalence-rate ratios (PRRs) between SCT and the root or coronal caries. The number of root or coronal caries was selected as the dependent variable for the analysis. Then, SCT (tertiles labeled low, medium and high) and other 4 variables were selected as independent variables. RESULTS: The PRRs between the number of root caries lesions and SCT were signifi cantly higher in the second (medium intake, 1.38, p ⟨ 0.001) and third tertiles (high intake, 2.07, p ⟨ 0.001). Similar tendencies were seen for the number of coronal caries lesions (PRRs in the second and third tertiles 1.74 and 2.46, respectively, both p ⟨ 0.001). CONCLUSION: A significant positive relationship was observed between sucrose in coffee and tea and the number of coronal or root caries lesions in community-dwelling elderly Japanese.

DOI： 10.1922/CDH_00011Yoshihara05

乳歯における癒合歯および形成不全とその原因についての臨床的考察

宮本茜, 葭原明弘, 皆川久美子, 金子昇, 濃野要, 市川優, 星野剛志, 藤山友紀, 平野真弓, 小川祐司

口腔衛生学会雑誌 70 ( 増刊 ) 106 - 106 2020.3

National trends in total cholesterol obscure heterogeneous changes in HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio: a pooled analysis of 458 population-based studies in Asian and Western countries Reviewed

Cristina Taddei, Rod Jackson, Bin Zhou, Honor Bixby, Goodarz Danaei, Mariachiara Di Cesare, Kari Kuulasmaa, Kaveh Hajifathalian, James Bentham, James E Bennett, Wichai Aekplakorn, Renata Cifkova, Jean Dallongeville, Dirk DeBacquer, Simona Giampaoli, Vilmundur Gudnason, Young-Ho Khang, Tiina Laatikainen, JimI Mann, Pedro Marques-Vidal, George A Mensah, Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Janina Petkeviciene, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, Jennifer Servais, Stefan Söderberg, Bill Stavreski, Tom Wilsgaard, Tomasz Zdrojewski, Dong Zhao, Gretchen A Stevens, Stefan Savin, Melanie J Cowan, Leanne M Riley, Majid Ezzati, Robert J Adams, Wichai Aekplakorn, Wolfgang Ahrens, Philippe Amouyel, Antoinette Amuzu, Sigmund A Anderssen, Inger Ariansen, Dominique Arveiler, Thor Aspelund, Juha Auvinen, Mária Avdicová, Maciej Banach, Piotr Bandosz, José R Banegas, Carlo M Barbagallo, Iqbal Bata, Louise A Baur, Robert Beaglehole, James E Bennett, Gailute Bernotiene, Yufang Bi, Asako Bienek, Cecilia Björkelund, Simona Bo, Bernhard O Boehm, Marialaura Bonaccio, Vanina Bongard, Rossana Borchini, Herman Borghs, Juergen Breckenkamp, Hermann Brenner, Graziella Bruno, Markus A Busch, Antonio Cabrera de León, Vincenzo Capuano, Felipe F Casanueva, Juan-Pablo Casas, Carmelo A Caserta, Laura Censi, Fangfang Chen, Shuohua Chen, María-Dolores Chirlaque, Belong Cho, Yumi Cho, Jerzy Chudek, Renata Cifkova, Frank Claessens, Janine Clarke, Els Clays, Cyrus Cooper, Simona Costanzo, Dominique Cottel, Chris Cowell, Ana B Crujeiras, Liufu Cui, Graziella D'Arrigo, Jean Dallongeville, Luc Dauchet, Guy De Backer, Dirk De Bacquer, Giovanni de Gaetano, Stefaan De Henauw, Delphine De Smedt, Elaine Dennison, Valérie Deschamps, Augusto DiCastelnuovo, Annette J Dobson, Chiara Donfrancesco, Angela Döring, Wojciech Drygas, Yong Du, Elzbieta Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Robert Eggertsen, Ulf Ekelund, Roberto Elosua, Johan G Eriksson, Alun Evans, David Faeh, Francisco J Felix-Redondo, Daniel Fernández-Bergés, Marika Ferrari, Jean Ferrieres, Joseph D Finn, Ann-Sofie Forslund, Maria Forsner, Guillermo Frontera, Yuki Fujita, Zbigniew Gaciong, Fabio Galvano, Jingli Gao, Manoli Garcia-de-la-Hera, Sarah P Garnett, Jean-Michel Gaspoz, Magda Gasull, Louise Gates, Simona Giampaoli, Francesco Gianfagna, Tiffany K Gill, Jonathan Giovannelli, David Goltzman, Marcela GonzalezGross, Frederic Gottrand, Sidsel Graff-Iversen, Dušan Grafnetter, Ronald D Gregor, Tomasz Grodzicki, Giuseppe Grosso, Grabriella Gruden, Dongfeng Gu, Pilar Guallar-Castillón, Elias F Gudmundsson, Vilmundur Gudnason, Idris Guessous, Johanna Gunnlaugsdottir, Felix Gutzwiller, Rebecca Hardy, Jun Hata, Teresa Haugsgjerd, Alison J Hayes, Jiang He, Yuna He, Sauli Herrala, Ilpo TapaniHihtaniemi, Michael Hobbs, Wilma M Hopman, José MaríaHuerta, Inge Huybrechts, Licia Iacoviello, Anna G Iannone, Nayu Ikeda, Masanori Iwasaki, Rod Jackson, Konrad Jamrozik, Imre Janszky, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Grazyna Jasienska, Garry Jennings, Seung-lyeal Jeong, Chao QiangJiang, Michel Joffres, Jari J Jokelainen, Jost B Jonas, Jacek Jóźwiak, Eero O Kajantie, Jussi Kauhanen, Ulrich Keil, Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Mathilde Kersting, Young-Ho Khang, Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Stefan Kiechl, Jeongseon Kim, Yeon-Yong Kim, Jurate Klumbiene, Michael Knoflach, Stephanie Ko, Elin Kolle, Raija Korpelainen, Seppo Koskinen, Katsuyasu Kouda, Wolfgang Kratzer, Susi Kriemler, Steinar Krokstad, Urho M Kujala, Pawel Kurjata, Kari Kuulasmaa, Tiina Laatikainen, Tai HingLam, Vera Lanska, Georg Lappas, Lars E Laugsand, Jeonghee Lee, Terho Lehtimäki, Yanping Li, Christa L Lilly, Xu Lin, Lars Lind, Lauren Lissner, Jing Liu, Esther Lopez-Garcia, Roberto Lorbeer, José EugenioLozano, Dalia Luksiene, Annamari Lundqvist, Robert Lundqvist, Per Lytsy, Guansheng Ma, Suka Machi, Stefania Maggi, Dianna J Magliano, JimI Mann, Enzo Manzato, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Ellisiv B Mathiesen, Stela McLachlan, Rachael M McLean, Scott B McLean, Aline Meirhaeghe, Christa Meisinger, Patricia Metcalf, Jie Mi, Jody C Miller, Luis A Moreno, Suzanne Morin, Malgorzata Mossakowska, Maria L Muiesan, Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Jaakko Mursu, Harunobu Nakamura, Jana Námešná, Matthias Nauck, Eva MariaNavarrete-Muñoz, William A Neal, Ilona Nenko, Teemu J Niiranen, Guang Ning, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Marianna Noale, Sawada Norie, Davide Noto, Terence O'Neill, Dermot O'Reilly, Kyungwon Oh, Örn Olafsson, Fred MichelPaccaud, Andrzej Pajak, Luigi Palmieri, Francesco Panza, Winsome R Parnell, Markku Peltonen, Annette Peters, Astrid Petersmann, Janina Petkeviciene, Iris Pigeot, Lorenza Pilotto, Aleksandra Piwonska, Pedro Plans-Rubió, Miquel Porta, Jacqueline F Price, Jardena J Puder, Soile E Puhakka, Ricardas Radisauskas, Olli Raitakari, Rafel Ramos, Josep Redon, Fernando Rigo, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, MaríadelCristo Rodriguez-Perez, Dora Romaguera, Kimmo Ronkainen, Annika Rosengren, Joel G R Roy, Jean-Bernard Ruidavets, Marcin Rutkowski, Benoit Salanave, Diego Salmerón, Veikko Salomaa, Jukka T Salonen, Massimo Salvetti, Susana Sans, Jouko L Saramies, Kai-Uwe Saum, Christa Scheidt-Nave, Anja Schienkiewitz, Sabine Schipf, Carsten O Schmidt, Ben Schöttker, Sylvain Sebert, Abhijit Sen, Jennifer Servais, Jonathan E Shaw, Kenji Shibuya, Dong WookShin, Rahman Shiri, Judith Simons, Leon A Simons, Michael Sjöström, Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer, Przemyslaw Slusarczyk, Stefan Söderberg, Vincenzo Solfrizzi, Emily Sonestedt, Aicha Soumare, Jan A Staessen, Maria G Stathopoulou, Bill Stavreski, Jostein Steene-Johannessen, Peter Stehle, Jutta Stieber, Doris Stöckl, Jakub Stokwiszewski, Johan Sundström, Paibul Suriyawongpaisal, Abdonas Tamosiunas, Eng JooTan, Anne Taylor, Grethe Tell, Lutgarde Thijs, HannaK Tolonen, Roman Topór-Madry, María JoséTormo, Maties Torrent, Shoichiro Tsugane, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Christophe Tzourio, Hannu M T Uusitalo, Koen Van Herck, Dirk Vanderschueren, Diego Vanuzzo, Lars Vatten, Tomas Vega, Giovanni Veronesi, Jesus Vioque, JyrkiK Virtanen, Sophie Visvikis-Siest, Peter Vollenweider, Sari Voutilainen, Martine Vrijheid, Aline Wagner, Anne Wagner, Ming-Dong Wang, Qian Wang, Ya XingWang, S Goya Wannamethee, Wenbin Wei, Peter H Whincup, Andrzej Wiecek, Johann Willeit, Peter Willeit, Tom Wilsgaard, Bogdan Wojtyniak, Andrew Wong, Mark Woodward, Aleksander GiwercmanWu, Frederick C Wu, Shouling Wu, Haiquan Xu, Liang Xu, Weili Yan, Xiaoguang Yang, Xingwang Ye, Akihiro Yoshihara, Sabina Zambon, Tomasz Zdrojewski, Dong Zhao, Wenhua Zhao

International Journal of Epidemiology 49 ( 1 ) 173 - 192 2020.2

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Oxford University Press (OUP)

<title>Abstract</title>
<sec>
<title>Background</title>
Although high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-HDL cholesterol have opposite associations with coronary heart disease, multi-country reports of lipid trends only use total cholesterol (TC). Our aim was to compare trends in total, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio in Asian and Western countries.

</sec>
<sec>
<title>Methods</title>
We pooled 458 population-based studies with 82.1 million participants in 23 Asian and Western countries. We estimated changes in mean total, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and mean total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio by country, sex and age group.

</sec>
<sec>
<title>Results</title>
Since ∼1980, mean TC increased in Asian countries. In Japan and South Korea, the TC rise was due to rising HDL cholesterol, which increased by up to 0.17 mmol/L per decade in Japanese women; in China, it was due to rising non-HDL cholesterol. TC declined in Western countries, except in Polish men. The decline was largest in Finland and Norway, at ∼0.4 mmol/L per decade. The decline in TC in most Western countries was the net effect of an increase in HDL cholesterol and a decline in non-HDL cholesterol, with the HDL cholesterol increase largest in New Zealand and Switzerland. Mean total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio declined in Japan, South Korea and most Western countries, by as much as ∼0.7 per decade in Swiss men (equivalent to ∼26% decline in coronary heart disease risk per decade). The ratio increased in China.

</sec>
<sec>
<title>Conclusions</title>
HDL cholesterol has risen and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio has declined in many Western countries, Japan and South Korea, with only a weak correlation with changes in TC or non-HDL cholesterol.

</sec>

DOI： 10.1093/ije/dyz099

学童期における唾液中乳酸脱水素酵素とストレスの関連について Reviewed

田村浩平, 葭原明弘, 諏訪間加奈, 角田聡子, 岩崎正則, 安細敏弘, 小川祐司

口腔衛生学会雑誌 70 ( 1 ) 47 - 48 2020.1

腎機能低下と口腔健康状態の関連について Reviewed

諏訪間加奈, 金子昇, 星野剛志, 葭原明弘

口腔衛生学会雑誌 70 ( 1 ) 47 - 47 2020.1

歯肉自己観察の歯周病スクリーニングにおける有用性

市川優, 葭原明弘, 山田智子, 杉本智子, 林悠子, 皆川久美子, 小川祐司

口腔衛生学会雑誌 70 ( 1 ) 47 - 47 2020.1

A Comparison of Oral Health in Japan and Germany and Its Cost Efficiency(和訳中) Reviewed

Kocher Thomas, Iwasaki Masanori, Yoshihara Akihiro, Hoshino Takashi

老年歯科医学 34 ( 3 ) 342 - 353 2019.12

歯科衛生士が行う専門的な処置に要する時間とその関連要因

高野綾子, 柴田佐都子, 八木稔, 葭原明弘

新潟歯学会雑誌 49 ( 2 ) 81 - 81 2019.12

日本とドイツにおける口腔健康とその費用効率性に関する比較(A Comparison of Oral Health in Japan and Germany and Its Cost Efficiency)

Kocher Thomas, Iwasaki Masanori, Yoshihara Akihiro, Hoshino Takashi

老年歯科医学 34 ( 3 ) 342 - 353 2019.12

Language：English Publisher：(一社)日本老年歯科医学会

日本とドイツには共に診療報酬制の法定健康保険制度があり、しかも口腔健康に関する代表的な調査研究が存在している。ドイツの代表的研究であるDeutsche Mundgesundheitsstudie(DMS III、DMS IV、DMS V研究)と日本の厚生労働省による歯科疾患実態調査のデータを利用し、両国の一般集団にみられる口腔健康と歯科健康保険制度のパフォーマンスを比較した。1997年におけるドイツ人の成人集団(35〜44歳)の平均歯数は25.3本、2014年では27.2本であった。日本の1999年の成人集団では27.2本、2016年では28.3本であった。高齢集団(65〜74歳)に関しては、上記と同じ2時点においてドイツ人の場合には平均歯数は10.1本と15.5本、日本人の場合には14.7本と22.7本であり、両国において歯数は増加していた。上記のように両国間の比較では成人集団、高齢集団のいずれの場合でも日本人の残存歯数の方が多かった。ドイツ人1人当たりの歯科診療医療費は上記と同じ2時点において216ユーロと302ユーロ、日本人では178ユーロと195ユーロであった。残存歯数の観点から総合的に判断するとドイツよりも日本の方が歯科医療費資源を効率的に利用していると考えられた。

Other Link： https://search-tp.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2019&ichushi_jid=J02171&link_issn=&doc_id=20200131470001&doc_link_id=10.11259%2Fjsg.34.342&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.11259%2Fjsg.34.342&type=J-STAGE&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00007_3.gif

血清抗Porphyromonas gingivalis IgG抗体価と肝機能マーカー値の関連性新潟県佐渡市における横断研究

高見澤圭, 杉田典子, 葭原明弘, 小林哲夫, 吉江弘正, 多部田康一

日本歯周病学会会誌 61 ( 秋季特別 ) 130 - 130 2019.10

地域在住高齢者における高次生活機能の加齢変化パターンと歯の本数の関連 10年間の前向きコホート研究

岩崎正則, 佐藤美寿々, 葭原明弘

老年歯科医学 34 ( 2 ) 261 - 261 2019.9

Effect of chronic kidney disease on progression of clinical attachment loss in older adults: A 4-year cohort study. Reviewed International journal

Iwasaki M, Taylor GW, Sato M, Minagawa K, Ansai T, Yoshihara A

Journal of periodontology 90 ( 8 ) 826 - 833 2019.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND: People with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may have an increased risk of periodontal disease, but longitudinal evidence is sparse. METHODS: This 4-year cohort study assessed the association between CKD and changes in periodontal health status, defined by attachment loss (AL) progression, among older adults. Participants were 388 community-dwelling Japanese adults who were 70 years old at baseline with 7053 teeth. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by using baseline serum creatinine concentration. AL at six sites for every tooth was recorded at baseline and follow-up examinations. Multilevel logistic regression models estimated the tooth-specific risk of AL progression (≥1 site exhibiting a ≥3 mm increase in AL) with baseline CKD (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 ) as the principal exposure. RESULTS: At baseline, 27.8% of the study population (108/388 participants) had CKD. After 4 years, 21.8% of the studied teeth (1537/7053 teeth) exhibited AL progression. After applying inverse probability weighting and adjusting for potential confounders, including sex, use of devices for interdental cleaning, smoking, diabetes, tooth location, abutment for a removable denture, and highest AL, CKD was associated with significantly higher odds of AL progression (adjusted odds ratio: 1.73; 95% confidence interval: 1.15-2.60). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that CKD increases the risk of periodontal disease progression in older community-dwelling Japanese adults. Additional studies with more complete information, as well as in other geographic areas and age groups, are necessary to further generalize the findings.

DOI： 10.1002/JPER.18-0464

歯科衛生士が行う専門的な処置に要する時間の実態調査とその時間に関連する要因

高野綾子, 柴田佐都子, 古川泉, 牧田由依, 小林実可子, 小島千奈美, 駒澤美幸, 本多麻有子, 本間しのぶ, 葭原明弘

日本歯科衛生学会雑誌 14 ( 1 ) 110 - 110 2019.8

Predicting gingivitis using visual gingival redness examination on 11 years old Japanese schoolchildren: A ROC analysis Reviewed

Lisdrianto Hanindriyo, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hiro-O Ito, Kana Suwama, Satoko Kakuta, Makoto Fukui, Masanori Iwasaki, Naofumi Tamaki, Toshihiro Ansai

PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 29 ( 2 ) 66 - 71 2019.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER

Aims: To identify more reliable and cost-effective methods to detect gingivitis, such as visual examinations, questionnaires, and salivary occult blood tests (SOBT).Methods: Sixty-five elementary school students in Yahiko Village, Niigata, Japan were recruited. Questionnaire was used to assess subjective gingival status. Hemoglobin (Hb) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were measured by SOBT. Bleeding on marginal probing (BOMP) method at three labial sites per tooth for all anterior teeth was used to examine clinical gingiva condition. Occurrence of at least 1 site with BOMP positive was defined as gingivitis. Visual gingival redness examination was done at the same sites examined by probing.Results: Participants with gingivitis had higher numbers of sites with redness than those without [6 (0.25-12) vs 0 (0-2), p < 0.001]. Participants with more sites with redness had a 1.29-fold higher risk of suffering from gingivitis (p = 0.002). The overall model had a 77.3% probability of predicting a gingivitis event by the number of sites with gingival redness (p < 0.001). Highest Youden Index was 1.453, yielded from the cut-off value of 4-5 sites with gingival redness.Conclusion(s): This study found that a predictive model using visual gingival redness examination is a viable non-invasive screening test for gingivitis. (C) 2019 Japanese Society of Pediatric Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.pdj.2019.05.001

加齢に伴う歯数の変化の軌跡と生命予後の関連高齢期に28歯を維持することの意義

岩崎正則, 佐藤美寿々, 皆川久美子, 安細敏弘, 小川祐司, 葭原明弘

口腔衛生学会雑誌 69 ( 3 ) 131 - 138 2019.7

Language：Japanese Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会

本研究の目的は地域在住高齢者における歯数の加齢に伴う変化の軌跡(加齢変化パターン)を類型化し、生命予後との関連を明らかにすることである。70歳から80歳までの10年間に毎年実施した調査に参加した、ベースライン時点で20歯以上を有する299名(男性154名・女性145名)のデータを用いた。70歳から80歳までの歯数の変化に対して、異なる関数形の軌跡をもつグループに分割することを目的に集団軌跡モデルを適応した。その後、歯数の加齢変化パターンと生命予後の関連を評価することを目的にCox比例ハザードモデルによる生存解析を実施した。追跡期間(70歳から85歳)中の総死亡をアウトカムとし、加齢変化パターンごとのハザード比(HR)を算出した。歯数の加齢変化は3つ(28歯維持群、中間-減少群、少ない-減少群)に類型化された。生存解析の結果、少ない-減少群と比較して28歯維持群は総死亡リスクが有意に低いことがわかった(adjusted HR=0.50、95%信頼区間=0.28-0.89)。結論として70歳で20歯以上を有する地域在住高齢者において、その後10年間の歯数の加齢変化は一様でなく、生命予後の観点からはできる限り多くの歯を維持することが重要であり、28歯を維持できれば最も望ましいことが本研究から示唆された。(著者抄録)

Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2019&ichushi_jid=J00440&link_issn=&doc_id=20190807110003&doc_link_id=%2Fdk1dehea%2F2019%2F006903%2F003%2F0131-0138%26dl%3D0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdk1dehea%2F2019%2F006903%2F003%2F0131-0138%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

A polymorphism rs6815464 in the macrophage erythroblast attacher gene is associated with low bone mineral density in postmenopausal Japanese women. Reviewed International journal

Yulan Che, Noriko Sugita, Akihiro Yoshihara, Masanori Iwasaki, Hideo Miyazaki, Kazutoshi Nakamura, Hiromasa Yoshie

Gene 700 1 - 6 2019.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSES: Osteoporosis and osteopenia are multifactorial diseases characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and are susceptible to genetic and environmental risk factors. The macrophage erythroblast attacher (MAEA) was discovered as a protein to mediate the attachment of erythroid cells to macrophages and is essential for bone marrow hematopoiesis. MAEA is expressed in a wide range of cells and tissues including osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Recent studies have shown that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs6815464 (C/G) in the MAEA gene increases the susceptibility of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the contribution of MAEA to bone metabolism remains unknown. Therefore, we performed this study to evaluate the association between MAEA polymorphism and low BMD. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study with postmenopausal Japanese women living in the Yokogoshi area, Niigata City, we evaluated whether rs6815464 was associated with low BMD. Blood samples were collected from 353 subjects (age 63.8 ± 5.4 years). The MAEA genotype was determined by TaqMan assay. BMD was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine (L2-L4), hip and femoral neck. Low BMD was defined as a T-score <-1. RESULTS: The percentage of subjects with low BMD in the lumbar spine, total hip and femoral neck were 71%, 75% and 84% respectively. After adjusting age, BMI, HbA1c, smoking and alcohol consumption, the G-allele carriage was found to be associated with low BMD of total hip (odds ratio = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.14-3.91, P = 0.018), but not of the lumbar spine or femoral neck. CONCLUSION: The MAEA gene polymorphism rs6815464 was associated with low hip BMD in postmenopausal Japanese women.

DOI： 10.1016/j.gene.2019.03.027

MAEA rs6815464 polymorphism and periodontitis in postmenopausal Japanese females: A cross-sectional study. Reviewed International journal

Yulan Che, Noriko Sugita, Akihiro Yoshihara, Masanori Iwasaki, Hideo Miyazaki, Kazutoshi Nakamura, Hiromasa Yoshie

Archives of oral biology 102 128 - 134 2019.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

OBJECTIVES: Macrophage erythroblast attacher (MAEA) is a membrane protein that regulates the development of mature macrophages by mediating attachment with erythroblasts. A polymorphism rs6815464 (C/G) in MAEA gene was reported to be associated with type II diabetes. Along with diabetes, osteoporosis shows an increased prevalence in postmenopausal females, and both diseases have been reported to be associated with periodontitis. Therefore, we explored the relevance of the MAEA polymorphism to periodontitis, bone mineral density (BMD) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study with the final sample comprised of 344 postmenopausal Japanese females. Probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured. Genotype was determined by TaqMan assay. Blood biochemical parameters and BMD of the lumbar spine were evaluated. RESULTS: No differences were found in age, body mass index, HbA1c, BMD, number of teeth, bone metabolism parameters between the genotypes. Mean CAL and percentage of sites with PPD or CAL ≥ 5 mm were higher in the G-allele carriers than in the non-carriers. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that G-allele carriage was associated with severe periodontitis (odds ratio = 3.73, 95% CI = 1.36-10.19). CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that the MAEA gene polymorphism was independently associated with severe periodontitis.

DOI： 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.04.008

Interaction between beta-3 adrenergic receptor genotype and environmental factors on periodontal progression. Reviewed International journal

Akihiro Yoshihara, Noboru Kaneko, Kaname Nohno, Masanori Iwasaki

Journal of clinical periodontology 46 ( 6 ) 623 - 630 2019.6

Language：English

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the relationship between beta-3 adrenergic receptor polymorphism and environmental factors such as smoking on periodontal disease by considering effect modification. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 294 subjects who participated in all follow-up surveys over the 6-year study period were analysed. After dividing subjects into tertiles according to the number of years exposed to smoking, we conducted Poisson regression analysis to compare the incidence rate ratio (IRR) for periodontal disease events during the 6-year study period with beta-3 adrenergic receptor genotype (1: Arg allele carriers, 2: Arg allele non-carriers) for each tertile adjusted for other four variables. RESULTS: The number of years exposed to smoking (mean ± standard deviation) for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd tertiles was 0 ± 0, 20.1 ± 9.1 and 45.3 ± 7.7 years, respectively. The IRRs ± SE were 0.89 ± 0.08 (p = 0.218) for the 1st tertile, 1.93 ± 0.36 (p < 0.001) for the 2nd tertile and 2.56 ± 0.23 (p < 0.001) for the 3rd tertile. CONCLUSION: There was a clear dose-response relationship between beta-3 adrenergic receptor genotype and periodontal disease progression based on the number of years exposed to smoking.

DOI： 10.1111/jcpe.13115

地域在住高齢者における高次生活機能の加齢変化パターンと歯の本数の関連 10年間の前向きコホート研究

岩崎正則, 佐藤美寿々, 葭原明弘

日本老年歯科医学会総会・学術大会プログラム・抄録集 30回 P一般 - 089 2019.6

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Honor Bixby, James Bentham, Bin Zhou, Mariachiara Di Cesare, Christopher J. Paciorek, James E. Bennett, Cristina Taddei, Gretchen A. Stevens, Andrea Rodriguez-Martinez, Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco, Young-Ho Khang, Maroje Sorić, Edward W. Gregg, J. Jaime Miranda, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Stefan Savin, Marisa K. Sophiea, Maria L. C. Iurilli, Bethlehem D. Solomon, Melanie J. Cowan, Leanne M. Riley, Goodarz Danaei, Pascal Bovet, Adela Chirita-Emandi, Ian R. Hambleton, Alison J. Hayes, Nayu Ikeda, Andre P. Kengne, Avula Laxmaiah, Yanping Li, Stephen T. McGarvey, Aya Mostafa, Martin Neovius, Gregor Starc, Ahmad A. Zainuddin, Leandra Abarca-Gómez, Ziad A. Abdeen, Shynar Abdrakhmanova, Suhaila Abdul Ghaffar, Zargar Abdul Hamid, Jamila Abubakar Garba, Niveen M. Abu-Rmeileh, Benjamin Acosta-Cazares, Robert J. Adams, Wichai Aekplakorn, Kaosar Afsana, Imelda A. Agdeppa, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Charles Agyemang, Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad, Noor Ani Ahmad, Naser Ahmadi, Alireza Ahmadvand, Wolfgang Ahrens, Kamel Ajlouni, Fadia AlBuhairan, Shahla AlDhukair, Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa, Mohamed M. Ali, Osman Ali, Alaa Alkerwi, Amani Rashed Al-Othman, Rajaa Al-Raddadi, Mar Alvarez-Pedrerol, Eman Aly, Deepak N. Amarapurkar, Philippe Amouyel, Antoinette Amuzu, Lars Bo Andersen, Sigmund A. Anderssen, Lars H. Ängquist, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri, Joana Araújo, Inger Ariansen, Tahir Aris, Raphael E. Arku, Nimmathota Arlappa, Krishna K. Aryal, Thor Aspelund, Felix K. Assah, Maria Cecília F. Assunção, May Soe Aung, Juha Auvinen, Mária Avdicová, Ana Azevedo, Fereidoun Azizi, Mehrdad Azmin, Bontha V. Babu, Azli Baharudin, Suhad Bahijri, Jennifer L. Baker, Nagalla Balakrishna, Mohamed Bamoshmoosh, Maciej Banach, Piotr Bandosz, José R. Banegas, Carlo M. Barbagallo, Alberto Barceló, Amina Barkat, Aluisio J. D. Barros, Mauro V. G. Barros, Iqbal Bata, Anwar M. Batieha, Rosangela L. Batista, Zhamilya Battakova, Assembekov Batyrbek, Louise A. Baur, Robert Beaglehole, Silvia Bel-Serrat, Habiba Ben Romdhane, Judith Benedics, Mikhail Benet, Salim Berkinbayev, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Gailute Bernotiene, Heloisa Bettiol, Aroor Bhagyalaxmi, Sumit Bharadwaj, Santosh K. Bhargava, Hongsheng Bi, Yufang Bi, Anna Biehl, Elysée Claude Bika Lele, Mukharram Bikbov, Bihungum Bista, Dusko J. Bjelica, Peter Bjerregaard, Espen Bjertness, Marius B. Bjertness, Cecilia Björkelund, Anneke Blokstra, Simona Bo, Martin Bobak, Lynne M. Boddy, Bernhard O. Boehm, Heiner Boeing, Jose G. Boggia, Carlos P. Boissonnet, Marialaura Bonaccio, Vanina Bongard, Matthias Bopp, Rossana Borchini, Herman Borghs, Lien Braeckevelt, Lutgart Braeckman, Marjolijn C. E. Bragt, Imperia Brajkovich, Francesco Branca, Juergen Breckenkamp, João Breda, Hermann Brenner, Lizzy M. Brewster, Garry R. Brian, Lacramioara Brinduse, Graziella Bruno, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Anna Bugge, Marta Buoncristiano, Genc Burazeri, Con Burns, Antonio Cabrera de León, Joseph Cacciottolo, Hui Cai, Tilema Cama, Christine Cameron, José Camolas, Gamze Can, Günay Can, Ana Paula C. Cândido, Felicia Cañete, Mario V. Capanzana, Eduardo Capuano, Vincenzo Capuano, Viviane C. Cardoso, Axel C. Carlsson, Esteban Carmuega, Maria J. Carvalho, Felipe F. Casanueva, Juan-Pablo Casas, Carmelo A. Caserta, Ertugrul Celikcan, Laura Censi, Juraci A. Cesar, Snehalatha Chamukuttan, Angelique W. Chan, Queenie Chan, Himanshu K. Chaturvedi, Nishi Chaturvedi, Norsyamlina Che Abdul Rahim, Chien-Jen Chen, Fangfang Chen, Huashuai Chen, Shuohua Chen, Zhengming Chen, Ching-Yu Cheng, Yiling J. Cheng, Angela Chetrit, Ekaterina Chikova-Iscener, Arnaud Chiolero, Shu-Ti Chiou, María-Dolores Chirlaque, Belong Cho, Yumi Cho, Kaare Christensen, Diego G. Christofaro, Jerzy Chudek, Renata Cifkova, Michelle Cilia, Eliza Cinteza, Frank Claessens, Janine Clarke, Els Clays, Hans Concin, Susana C. Confortin, Cyrus Cooper, Tara C. Coppinger, Simona Costanzo, Dominique Cottel, Chris Cowell, Cora L. Craig, Amelia C. Crampin, Ana B. Crujeiras, Juan J. Cruz, Alexandra Cucu, Liufu Cui, Jean Dallongeville, Albertino Damasceno, Camilla T. Damsgaard, Rachel Dankner, Thomas M. Dantoft, Graziella D’Arrigo, Parasmani Dasgupta, Saeed Dastgiri, Luc Dauchet, Kairat Davletov, Guy De Backer, Dirk De Bacquer, Amalia De Curtis, Giovanni de Gaetano, Stefaan De Henauw, Paula Duarte de Oliveira, Karin De Ridder, Susanne R. de Rooij, Delphine De Smedt, Mohan Deepa, Alexander D. Deev, Abbas Dehghan, Hélène Delisle, Francis Delpeuch, Elaine Dennison, Valérie Deschamps, Klodian Dhana, Meghnath Dhimal, Augusto F. Di Castelnuovo, Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa, Alejandro Diaz, Zivka Dika, Shirin Djalalinia, Ha T. P. Do, Annette J. Dobson, Maria Benedetta Donati, Chiara Donfrancesco, Silvana P. Donoso, Angela Döring, Maria Dorobantu, Ahmad Reza Dorosty, Eleonora d’Orsi, Kouamelan Doua, Wojciech Drygas, Jia Li Duan, Charmaine A. Duante, Rosemary B. Duda, Vesselka Duleva, Virginija Dulskiene, Samuel C. Dumith, Vilnis Dzerve, Elzbieta Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Ricky Eddie, Eruke E. Egbagbe, Robert Eggertsen, Gabriele Eiben, Ulf Ekelund, Jalila El Ati, Denise Eldemire-Shearer, Marie Eliasen, Paul Elliott, Reina Engle-Stone, Rajiv T. Erasmus, Cihangir Erem, Louise Eriksen, Johan G. Eriksson, Jorge Escobedo-de la Peña, Alun Evans, David Faeh, Caroline H. Fall, Victoria Farrugia Sant’Angelo, Farshad Farzadfar, Mohammad R. Fattahi, Francisco J. Felix-Redondo, Trevor S. Ferguson, Romulo A. Fernandes, Daniel Fernández-Bergés, Daniel Ferrante, Marika Ferrari, Catterina Ferreccio, Eldridge Ferrer, Jean Ferrieres, Anna Fijalkowska, Günther Fink, Krista Fischer, Eric Monterubio Flores, Bernhard Föger, Leng Huat Foo, Ann-Sofie Forslund, Maria Forsner, Heba M. Fouad, Damian K. Francis, Maria do Carmo Franco, Oscar H. Franco, Guillermo Frontera, Flavio D. Fuchs, Sandra C. Fuchs, Yuki Fujita, Takuro Furusawa, Zbigniew Gaciong, Mihai Gafencu, Daniela Galeone, Fabio Galvano, Jingli Gao, Manoli Garcia-de-la-Hera, Dickman Gareta, Sarah P. Garnett, Jean-Michel Gaspoz, Magda Gasull, Louise Gates, Andrea Gazzinelli, Harald Geiger, Johanna M. Geleijnse, Ali Ghanbari, Erfan Ghasemi, Anoosheh Ghasemian, Oana-Florentina Gheorghe-Fronea, Simona Giampaoli, Francesco Gianfagna, Tiffany K. Gill, Jonathan Giovannelli, Glen Gironella, Aleksander Giwercman, Justyna Godos, Sibel Gogen, Rebecca A. Goldsmith, David Goltzman, Helen Gonçalves, Angel R. Gonzalez, David A. Gonzalez-Chica, Marcela Gonzalez-Gross, Margot González-Leon, Juan P. González-Rivas, María-Elena González-Villalpando, Frederic Gottrand, Antonio Pedro Graça, Sidsel Graff-Iversen, Dušan Grafnetter, Aneta Grajda, Maria G. Grammatikopoulou, Ronald D. Gregor, Tomasz Grodzicki, Anders Grøntved, Giuseppe Grosso, Gabriella Gruden, Dongfeng Gu, Emanuela Gualdi-Russo, Elias F. Gudmundsson, Vilmundur Gudnason, Ramiro Guerrero, Idris Guessous, Andre L. Guimaraes, Martin C. Gulliford, Johanna Gunnlaugsdottir, Marc Gunter, Xiuhua Guo, Yin Guo, Prakash C. Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Oye Gureje, Beata Gurzkowska, Laura Gutierrez, Felix Gutzwiller, Farzad Hadaegh, Charalambos A. Hadjigeorgiou, Rosa Haghshenas, Jytte Halkjær, Rebecca Hardy, Rachakulla Hari Kumar, Maria Hassapidou, Jun Hata, Teresa Haugsgjerd, Jiang He, Yuna He, Regina Heidinger-Felso, Mirjam Heinen, Tatjana Hejgaard, Marleen Elisabeth Hendriks, Ana Henriques, Leticia Hernandez Cadena, Sauli Herrala, Victor M. Herrera, Isabelle Herter-Aeberli, Ramin Heshmat, Allan G. Hill, Sai Yin Ho, Suzanne C. Ho, Michael Hobbs, Albert Hofman, Wilma M. Hopman, Andrea R. V. R. Horimoto, Claudia M. Hormiga, Bernardo L. Horta, Leila Houti, Christina Howitt, Thein Thein Htay, Aung Soe Htet, Maung Maung Than Htike, Yonghua Hu, José María Huerta, Ilpo Tapani Huhtaniemi, Constanta Huidumac Petrescu, Martijn Huisman, Abdullatif Husseini, Chinh Nguyen Huu, Inge Huybrechts, Nahla Hwalla, Jolanda Hyska, Licia Iacoviello, Jesús M. Ibarluzea, Mohsen M. Ibrahim, Norazizah Ibrahim Wong, M. Arfan Ikram, Vilma E. Irazola, Takafumi Ishida, Muhammad Islam, Aziz al-Safi Ismail, Vanja Ivkovic, Masanori Iwasaki, Tuija Jääskeläinen, Rod T. Jackson, Jeremy M. Jacobs, Hashem Jaddou, Tazeen Jafar, Kenneth James, Kazi M. Jamil, Konrad Jamrozik, Imre Janszky, Edward Janus, Juel Jarani, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Grazyna Jasienska, Ana Jelakovic, Bojan Jelakovic, Garry Jennings, Seung-lyeal Jeong, Chao Qiang Jiang, Ramon O. Jimenez, Michel Joffres, Mattias Johansson, Jari J. Jokelainen, Jost B. Jonas, Torben Jørgensen, Pradeep Joshi, Dragana P. Jovic, Jacek Józwiak, Anne Juolevi, Gregor Jurak, Vesna Juresa, Rudolf Kaaks, Anthony Kafatos, Eero O. Kajantie, Ofra Kalter-Leibovici, Nor Azmi Kamaruddin, Yves Kameli, Efthymios Kapantais, Khem B. Karki, Amir Kasaeian, Marzieh Katibeh, Joanne Katz, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Jussi Kauhanen, Prabhdeep Kaur, Maryam Kavousi, Gyulli Kazakbaeva, Ulrich Keil, Lital Keinan-Boker, Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Roya Kelishadi, Cecily Kelleher, Han C. G. Kemper, Alina Kerimkulova, Mathilde Kersting, Timothy Key, Yousef Saleh Khader, Davood Khalili, Mohammad Khateeb, Kay-Tee Khaw, Bahareh Kheiri, Alireza Khosravi, Ilse M. S. L. Khouw, Stefan Kiechl, Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Japhet Killewo, Jeongseon Kim, Yeon-Yong Kim, Jeannette Klimont, Jurate Klumbiene, Michael Knoflach, Bhawesh Koirala, Elin Kolle, Patrick Kolsteren, Jürgen König, Raija Korpelainen, Paul Korrovits, Magdalena Korzycka, Seppo Koskinen, Katsuyasu Kouda, Viktoria A. Kovacs, Sudhir Kowlessur, Slawomir Koziel, Wolfgang Kratzer, Susi Kriemler, Peter Lund Kristensen, Steinar Krokstad, Daan Kromhout, Herculina S. Kruger, Ruzena Kubinova, Renata Kuciene, Diana Kuh, Urho M. Kujala, Enisa Kujundzic, Zbigniew Kulaga, R. Krishna Kumar, Marie Kunešová, Pawel Kurjata, Yadlapalli S. Kusuma, Kari Kuulasmaa, Catherine Kyobutungi, Quang Ngoc La, Fatima Zahra Laamiri, Tiina Laatikainen, Carl Lachat, Youcef Laid, Tai Hing Lam, Maja Lang Morovic, Vera Lanska, Georg Lappas, Bagher Larijani, Tint Swe Latt, Lars E. Laugsand, Laura Lauria, Maria Lazo-Porras, Khanh Le Nguyen Bao, Agnès Le Port, Tuyen D. Le, Jeannette Lee, Jeonghee Lee, Paul H. Lee, Terho Lehtimäki, Daniel Lemogoum, Naomi S. Levitt, Christa L. Lilly, Wei-Yen Lim, M. Fernanda Lima-Costa, Hsien-Ho Lin, Xu Lin, Lars Lind, Allan Linneberg, Lauren Lissner, Mieczyslaw Litwin, Jing Liu, Helle-Mai Loit, Luis Lopes, Tania Lopez, Esther López-García, Roberto Lorbeer, Paulo A. Lotufo, José Eugenio Lozano, Dalia Luksiene, Annamari Lundqvist, Robert Lundqvist, Nuno Lunet, Per Lytsy, Guansheng Ma, Jun Ma, George L. L. Machado-Coelho, Aristides M. Machado-Rodrigues, Suka Machi, Stefania Maggi, Dianna J. Magliano, Emmanuella Magriplis, Bernard Maire, Marjeta Majer, Marcia Makdisse, Fatemeh Malekzadeh, Reza Malekzadeh, Rahul Malhotra, Sofia Malyutina, Lynell V. Maniego, Yannis Manios, Jim I. Mann, Enzo Manzato, Paula Margozzini, Anastasia Markaki, Oonagh Markey, Eliza Markidou Ioannidou, Larissa Pruner Marques, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Jaume Marrugat, Rosemarie Martin, Yves Martin-Prevel, Reynaldo Martorell, Eva Martos, Stefano Marventano, Shariq R. Masoodi, Ellisiv B. Mathiesen, Prashant Mathur, Alicia Matijasevich, Tandi E. Matsha, Artur Mazur, Jean Claude N. Mbanya, Shelly R. McFarlane, Martin McKee, Stela McLachlan, Rachael M. McLean, Scott B. McLean, Breige A. McNulty, Safiah Md Yusof, Sounnia Mediene-Benchekor, Jurate Medzioniene, Parinaz Mehdipour, Aline Meirhaeghe, Jørgen Meisfjord, Christa Meisinger, Ana Maria B. Menezes, Geetha R. Menon, Gert B. M. Mensink, Alibek Mereke, Indrapal I. Meshram, Andres Metspalu, Haakon E. Meyer, Jie Mi, Kim F. Michaelsen, Nathalie Michels, Kairit Mikkel, Jody C. Miller, Cláudia S. Minderico, Juan Francisco Miquel, Daphne Mirkopoulou, Erkin Mirrakhimov, Marjeta Misigoj-Durakovic, Antonio Mistretta, Veronica Mocanu, Pietro A. Modesti, Sahar Saeeidi Moghaddam, Bahram Mohajer, Mostafa K. Mohamed, Kazem Mohammad, Noushin Mohammadifard, Viswanathan Mohan, Salim Mohanna, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff, Farnam Mohebi, Marie Moitry, Drude Molbo, Line T. Møllehave, Niels C. Møller, Dénes Molnár, Amirabbas Momenan, Charles K. Mondo, Eric A. Monterrubio, Kotsedi Daniel K. Monyeki, Jin Soo Moon, Leila B. Moreira, Alain Morejon, Luis A. Moreno, Karen Morgan, Suzanne Morin, Erik Lykke Mortensen, George Moschonis, Malgorzata Mossakowska, Jorge Mota, Anabela Mota-Pinto, Mohammad Esmaeel Motlagh, Jorge Motta, Kelias P. Msyamboza, Thet Thet Mu, Magdalena Muc, Boban Mugoša, Maria Lorenza Muiesan, Parvina Mukhtorova, Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Neil Murphy, Jaakko Mursu, Elaine M. Murtagh, Sanja Music Milanovic, Vera Musil, Iraj Nabipour, Shohreh Naderimagham, Gabriele Nagel, Balkish M. Naidu, Harunobu Nakamura, Jana Námešná, Ei Ei K. Nang, Vinay B. Nangia, Martin Nankap, Sameer Narake, Paola Nardone, Matthias Nauck, Eva Maria Navarrete-Muñoz, William A. Neal, Keiu Nelis, Liis Nelis, Ilona Nenko, Flavio Nervi, Chung T. Nguyen, Nguyen D. Nguyen, Quang Ngoc Nguyen, Ramfis E. Nieto-Martínez, Guang Ning, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Sania Nishtar, Marianna Noale, Oscar A. Noboa, Teresa Norat, Sawada Norie, Davide Noto, Mohannad Al Nsour, Eha Nurk, Moffat Nyirenda, Galina Obreja, Angélica M. Ochoa-Avilés, Eiji Oda, Kyungwon Oh, Kumiko Ohara, Ryutaro Ohtsuka, Örn Olafsson, Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto, Isabel O. Oliveira, Maciej Oltarzewski, Mohd Azahadi Omar, Altan Onat, Terence W. O’Neill, Sok King Ong, Lariane M. Ono, Pedro Ordunez, Dermot O’Reilly, Rui Ornelas, Ana P. Ortiz, Pedro J. Ortiz, Merete Osler, Clive Osmond, Sergej M. Ostojic, Afshin Ostovar, Johanna A. Otero, Kim Overvad, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Fred Michel Paccaud, Cristina Padez, Ioannis Pagkalos, Elena Pahomova, Andrzej Pająk, Domenico Palli, Alberto Palloni, Luigi Palmieri, Wen-Harn Pan, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Arvind Pandey, Francesco Panza, Dimitrios Papandreou, Soon-Woo Park, Winsome R. Parnell, Mahboubeh Parsaeian, Ionela M. Pascanu, Nikhil D. Patel, Ivan Pecin, Mangesh S. Pednekar, Nasheeta Peer, Sergio Viana Peixoto, Markku Peltonen, Alexandre C. Pereira, Cynthia M. Pérez, Napoleon Perez-Farinos, Annette Peters, Astrid Petersmann, Janina Petkeviciene, Ausra Petrauskiene, Niloofar Peykari, Son Thai Pham, Daniela Pierannunzio, Iris Pigeot, Hynek Pikhart, Aida Pilav, Lorenza Pilotto, Francesco Pistelli, Freda Pitakaka, Aleksandra Piwonska, Pedro Plans-Rubió, Bee Koon Poh, Hermann Pohlabeln, Raluca M. Pop, Stevo R. Popovic, Miquel Porta, Marileen L. P. Portegies, Georg Posch, Dimitrios Poulimeneas, Hamed Pouraram, Akram Pourshams, Hossein Poustchi, Rajendra Pradeepa, Alison J. Price, Jacqueline F. Price, Jardena J. Puder, Iveta Pudule, Soile E. Puhakka, Maria Puiu, Margus Punab, Radwan F. Qasrawi, Mostafa Qorbani, Tran Quoc Bao, Madhari S. Radhika, Ivana Radic, Ricardas Radisauskas, Mahfuzar Rahman, Mahmudur Rahman, Olli Raitakari, Manu Raj, Hemalatha Rajkumar, Sherali Rakhmatulloev, Sudha Ramachandra Rao, Ambady Ramachandran, Jacqueline Ramke, Elisabete Ramos, Rafel Ramos, Lekhraj Rampal, Sanjay Rampal, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao, Ramon A. Rascon-Pacheco, Mette Rasmussen, Josep Redon, Paul Ferdinand M. Reganit, Valéria Regecová, Luis Revilla, Lourdes Ribas-Barba, Robespierre Ribeiro, Elio Riboli, Fernando Rigo, Natascia Rinaldo, Tobias F. Rinke de Wit, Ana Rito, Raphael M. Ritti-Dias, Juan A. Rivera, Cynthia Robitaille, Daniela Rodrigues, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, María del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Laura A. Rodríguez-Villamizar, Rosalba Rojas-Martinez, Nipa Rojroongwasinkul, Dora Romaguera, Annika Rosengren, Ian Rouse, Joel G. R. Roy, Adolfo Rubinstein, Frank J. Rühli, Jean-Bernard Ruidavets, Emma Ruiz Moreno, Blanca Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Paola Russo, Petra Rust, Marcin Rutkowski, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Harshpal S. Sachdev, Saeid Safiri, Olfa Saidi, Benoit Salanave, Eduardo Salazar-Martinez, Diego Salmerón, Veikko Salomaa, Jukka T. Salonen, Massimo Salvetti, Jose Sánchez-Abanto, Sandjaja, Susana Sans, Loreto Santa-Marina, Diana A. Santos, Ina S. Santos, Osvaldo Santos, Rute Santos, Sara Santos Sanz, Jouko L. Saramies, Luis B. Sardinha, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Kai-Uwe Saum, Savvas Savva, Mathilde Savy, Marcia Scazufca, Angelika Schaffrath Rosario, Herman Schargrodsky, Anja Schienkiewitz, Karin Schindler, Sabine Schipf, Carsten O. Schmidt, Ida Maria Schmidt, Ben Schöttker, Constance Schultsz, Aletta E. Schutte, Sylvain Sebert, Aye Aye Sein, Rusidah Selamat, Vedrana Sember, Abhijit Sen, Idowu O. Senbanjo, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Victor Sequera, Luis Serra-Majem, Jennifer Servais, Svetlana A. Shalnova, Sanjib K. Sharma, Jonathan E. Shaw, Lela Shengelia, Kenji Shibuya, Hana Shimizu-Furusawa, Dong Wook Shin, Youchan Shin, Alfonso Siani, Rosalynn Siantar, Abla M. Sibai, Antonio M. Silva, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Mary Simon, Judith Simons, Leon A. Simons, Khairil Si-Ramlee, Agneta Sjöberg, Michael Sjöström, Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer, Przemyslaw Slusarczyk, Liam Smeeth, Marieke B. Snijder, Hung-Kwan So, Eugène Sobngwi, Stefan Söderberg, Moesijanti Y. E. Soekatri, Agustinus Soemantri, Vincenzo Solfrizzi, Emily Sonestedt, Yi Song, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen, Charles Sossa Jérome, Aïcha Soumaré, Angela Spinelli, Igor Spiroski, Jan A. Staessen, Hanspeter Stamm, Maria G. Stathopoulou, Kaspar Staub, Bill Stavreski, Jostein Steene-Johannessen, Peter Stehle, Aryeh D. Stein, George S. Stergiou, Jochanan Stessman, Doris Stöckl, Tanja Stocks, Jakub Stokwiszewski, Gareth Stratton, Karien Stronks, Maria Wany Strufaldi, Lela Sturua, Ramón Suárez-Medina, Chien-An Sun, Johan Sundström, Yn-Tz Sung, Jordi Sunyer, Paibul Suriyawongpaisal, Boyd A. Swinburn, Rody G. Sy, René Charles Sylva, Lucjan Szponar, E. Shyong Tai, Mari-Liis Tammesoo, Abdonas Tamosiunas, Eng Joo Tan, Xun Tang, Frank Tanser, Yong Tao, Mohammed Rasoul Tarawneh, Jakob Tarp, Carolina B. Tarqui-Mamani, Radka Taxová Braunerová, Anne Taylor, Félicité Tchibindat, William R. Tebar, Grethe Tell, Tania Tello, Holger Theobald, Xenophon Theodoridis, Lutgarde Thijs, Betina H. Thuesen, Lubica Tichá, Erik J. Timmermans, Anne Tjonneland, Hanna K. Tolonen, Janne S. Tolstrup, Murat Topbas, Roman Topór-Madry, María José Tormo, Michael J. Tornaritis, Maties Torrent, Stefania Toselli, Pierre Traissac, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Antonia Trichopoulou, Oanh T. H. Trinh, Atul Trivedi, Yu-Hsiang Tsao, Lechaba Tshepo, Maria Tsigga, Shoichiro Tsugane, Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid, Fikru Tullu, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Maria L. Turley, Per Tynelius, Themistoklis Tzotzas, Christophe Tzourio, Peter Ueda, Eunice E. Ugel, Flora A. M. Ukoli, Hanno Ulmer, Belgin Unal, Hannu M. T. Uusitalo, Justina Vaitkeviciute, Gonzalo Valdivia, Susana Vale, Damaskini Valvi, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Koen Van Herck, Hoang Van Minh, Lenie van Rossem, Natasja M. Van Schoor, Irene G. M. van Valkengoed, Dirk Vanderschueren, Diego Vanuzzo, Gregorio Varela-Moreiras, Patricia Varona-Pérez, Lars Vatten, Tomas Vega, Toomas Veidebaum, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez, Biruta Velika, Giovanni Veronesi, W. M. Monique Verschuren, Cesar G. Victora, Giovanni Viegi, Lucie Viet, Paolo Vineis, Jesus Vioque, Jyrki K. Virtanen, Marjolein Visser, Sophie Visvikis-Siest, Bharathi Viswanathan, Tiina Vlasoff, Peter Vollenweider, Henry Völzke, Ari Voutilainen, Sari Voutilainen, Martine Vrijheid, Tanja G. M. Vrijkotte, Alisha N. Wade, Aline Wagner, Thomas Waldhör, Janette Walton, Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud, Rildo S. Wanderley, Ming-Dong Wang, Qian Wang, Xiangjun Wang, Ya Xing Wang, Ying-Wei Wang, S. Goya Wannamethee, Nicholas Wareham, Adelheid Weber, Deepa Weerasekera, Daniel Weghuber, Wenbin Wei, Peter H. Whincup, Kurt Widhalm, Indah S. Widyahening, Andrzej Wiecek, Alet H. Wijga, Rainford J. Wilks, Johann Willeit, Peter Willeit, Tom Wilsgaard, Bogdan Wojtyniak, Jyh Eiin Wong, Tien Yin Wong, Roy A. Wong-McClure, Jean Woo, Mark Woodward, Frederick C. Wu, Jianfeng Wu, Shouling Wu, Haiquan Xu, Liang Xu, Uruwan Yamborisut, Weili Yan, Ling Yang, Xiaoguang Yang, Yang Yang, Nazan Yardim, Mehdi Yaseri, Xingwang Ye, Panayiotis K. Yiallouros, Agneta Yngve, Moein Yoosefi, Akihiro Yoshihara, Qi Sheng You, San-Lin You, Novie O. Younger-Coleman, Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff, Luciana Zaccagni, Vassilis Zafiropulos, Farhad Zamani, Sabina Zambon, Antonis Zampelas, Hana Zamrazilová, Maria Elisa Zapata, Ko Ko Zaw, Tomasz Zdrojewski, Tajana Zeljkovic Vrkic, Yi Zeng, Dong Zhao, Wenhua Zhao, Wei Zheng, Yingfeng Zheng, Bekbolat Zholdin, Maigeng Zhou, Dan Zhu, Baurzhan Zhussupov, Esther Zimmermann, Julio Zuñiga Cisneros, Majid Ezzati, NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

Nature 569 ( 7755 ) 260 - 264 2019.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Nature Publishing Group

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities1,2. This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity3–6. Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017—and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions—was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing—and in some countries reversal—of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.

DOI： 10.1038/s41586-019-1171-x

Predicting gingivitis using visual gingival redness examination on 11 years old Japanese schoolchildren: A ROC analysis Reviewed

Lisdrianto Hanindriyo, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hiro-O. Ito, Kana Suwama, Satoko Kakuta, Makoto Fukui, Masanori Iwasaki, Naofumi Tamaki, Toshihiro Ansai

Pediatric Dental Journal 29 ( 2 ) 66 - 71 2019.5

Perioperative changes in knowledge and attitude toward oral health by oral health education. Reviewed International journal

Nakata H, Matsuo K, Suzuki H, Yoshihara A

Oral diseases 25 ( 4 ) 1214 - 1220 2019.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

OBJECTIVES: Perioperative oral health care can prevent postoperative complications, but it is also important to maintain oral health afterward to avoid later adverse events. This study examined (a) the relationship between knowledge and attitude toward oral health (KAOH) and oral/periodontal status (OPS) in patients receiving surgery, and (b) the changes in KAOH by perioperative oral health care and education. METHODS: Patients receiving surgery who visited our hospital's dental clinic beforehand were prospectively recruited. All participants received oral health care and education. In questionnaires assessing KAOH before and after surgery, respondent answers were generally classified as positive or negative. OPS was assessed before surgery. Associations between KAOH and OPS and perioperative changes in KAOH were statistically tested. RESULTS: A total of 507 patients answered the questionnaire before surgery, among whom 324 patients also completed it afterward. Preoperative OPS was significantly worse in the negative than in the positive KAOH group. Positive answers for KAOH increased significantly from 68.6% to 92.2% during the perioperative period. CONCLUSIONS: We found that patients with poor KAOH also had poor OPS, but KAOH could be improved by perioperative oral health care and education, suggesting that perioperative oral health management could improve oral health knowledge and attitudes.

DOI： 10.1111/odi.13048

地域在宅超高齢者の食事パターンと栄養状態、栄養素摂取量および嚥下との関連

濱嵜朋子, 岩崎正則, 角田聡子, 片岡正太, 濃野要, 葭原明弘, 小川祐司, 安細敏弘, 宮崎秀夫

口腔衛生学会雑誌 69 ( 増刊 ) 161 - 161 2019.4

職域における歯科健診と個別保健指導による行動変容 Reviewed

金子昇, 葭原明弘, 濃野要, 山賀孝之, 財津崇, 川口陽子, 宮崎秀夫

口腔衛生会誌 J Dent Hlth69 69 ( 1 ) 27 - 33 2019.1

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会

職域における歯科保健事業として、疾病の早期発見を目的とした歯科健診が主に行われてきた。こうした従来型の歯科健診から、行動・環境リスク発見型・行動変容支援型歯科健診への転換を目的として、日本歯科医師会で「標準的な成人健診プログラム・保健指導マニュアル」(生活歯援プログラム)が策定された。本調査ではこのプログラムに基づいた歯科健診と保健指導が、歯科健診単独に比べてどの程度優れているのか検討を行った。新潟市内の3企業の従業員129名(44.6±11.5歳)を対象としてランダムに2群に分け、介入群には生活歯援プログラムに準じた歯科健診と保健指導を、対照群には歯科健診のみを行った。保健行動を把握するための質問紙調査をベースライン時、3ヵ月後、6ヵ月後および1年後に行い、この間の行動変容を調べた。その結果、介入群と対照群のいずれにおいても「職場や外出先での歯磨き」や「フッ素入りの歯磨剤の使用」、「歯間ブラシ・フロスの使用」が有意に改善していた。ただ、介入群では1年後まですべての時点でベースライン時に比べ有意に改善していたのに対し、対照群では一部の時点で有意な改善がみられたのみであった。したがって、従来型の歯科健診でも保健行動の変容がある程度期待できるが、その期間は限定的であること、歯科健診に加え生活歯援プログラムに準じた保健指導を行うことで行動変容はより確実となり、効果が少なくとも1年間持続することが明らかとなった。(著者抄録)

Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2019&ichushi_jid=J00440&link_issn=&doc_id=20190207240005&doc_link_id=%2Fdk1dehea%2F2019%2F006901%2F003%2F0027-0033%26dl%3D0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdk1dehea%2F2019%2F006901%2F003%2F0027-0033%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

小児の歯肉炎評価におけるGCFの応用に関する検討 Reviewed

角田聡子, 邵仁浩, 葭原明弘, 福井誠, 岩崎正則, 諏訪間加奈, 鶴田実穂, 平山綾, 片岡正太, 茂山博代, 横田誠, 牛島直文, 玉木直文, 伊藤博夫, 安細敏弘

口腔衛生学会雑誌 69 ( 1 ) 19 - 26 2019.1

Language：Japanese Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会

歯肉炎の評価は視診もしくはプロービングによる方法が一般的であり、検診の場で使用可能な非侵襲的で簡便性、客観性、再現性を併せもつ検査方法はないのが現状である。本研究では、歯肉溝滲出液(GCF)中の成分が歯肉炎バイオマーカーとして有用であるかを検討した。対象は北九州市内某小学校5、6年生107名である。ブロッティングブラシ(以下、ブラシ)で採取したGCF中のα-1アンチトリプシン(A1AT)、ラクトフェリン(Lf)他4成分(AST、ALT、ALP、LDH)を定量し、PMA index(PMA)、プラーク付着状態(PlI)との比較を行った。PMA、PlIを低値群と高値群に2値化し、GCF成分との比較を行ったところ、PMAではすべての成分、PlIではLDH以外の成分で有意(p<0.05)に関連していた。さらに、ROC曲線から求めたPMA、PlIに対する各成分のカットオフ値はそれぞれ、A1ATが283.8、248.3、Lfが152.1、114.4、ASTが4.5、2.5、ALTはともに1.5、ALPは2.5、PMAでのLDHが26.0であった。陽性尤度比は1.5から3.0程度となった。以上の結果からGCF中A1AT、Lf、AST、ALTおよびALPは小児を対象とした歯肉炎スクリーニングのバイオマーカーとして有用であることが示唆された。(著者抄録)

Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2019&ichushi_jid=J00440&link_issn=&doc_id=20190207240004&doc_link_id=%2Fdk1dehea%2F2019%2F006901%2F002%2F0019-0026%26dl%3D0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdk1dehea%2F2019%2F006901%2F002%2F0019-0026%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

歯科医師および歯科衛生士数と歯科診療所で担うことのできる診療内容との関連(平成24年新潟県歯科医療機能連携実態調査より)

皆川久美子, 葭原明弘, 佐藤美寿々, 荒井節男, 清田義和, 宮崎秀夫

口腔衛生学会雑誌 69 ( 1 ) 10 - 18 2019.1

Language：Japanese Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会

高齢化が進み、有病者への対応や医療連携体制の必要性が高まる現在、診療所は一次医療機関として、多岐にわたる患者への対応および地域における多職種連携等が求められている。本調査の目的は、新潟県の診療所に勤務する各業種の従事状況と、診療所で担える診療内容の関連について評価することである。平成24年8月1日現在、新潟県で開設されている県内すべての歯科診療所(1,186施設)を対象に調査を行い、平成24年7月の1ヵ月間の実施状況について、質問紙による調査で回答を得た。欠損値のない950施設を分析対象とした。診療所に勤務している歯科医師数あるいは歯科衛生士数を説明変数とし、歯科業務補助者数、技工士数、事務職数を共変量に在宅歯科医療サービスの実施状況についてロジスティック回帰分析、障害者および摂食嚥下指導への対応状況については順序ロジスティック回帰分析を行った。その結果、歯科衛生士数のみと関連がみられたのは在宅歯科医療サービス、施設への歯科訪問診療、訪問歯科衛生指導、障害者への対応(それぞれ調整済オッズ比[95%信頼区間]=1.12[1.03-1.23]、1.11[1.01-1.23]、1.31[1.16-1.47]、1.27[1.16-1.40])であった。一方、摂食嚥下指導への対応については歯科医師数(1.24[1.04-1.48])とのみ関連がみられた。診療所の多岐にわたる患者への対応や病診連携を推進するには、まずは歯科医師の意識向上が前提であり、それを基に診療所における歯科医師および歯科衛生士の人材確保が必要である。(著者抄録)

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主観的評価による現在歯数調査の妥当性について

星野剛志, 皆川久美子, 葭原明弘, 深井穫博, 安藤雄一, 嶋崎義浩, 神原正樹, 宮崎秀夫

口腔衛生学会雑誌 69 ( 1 ) 50 - 51 2019.1

歯科受診者における受診理由と主観的全身健康観の関連

市川優, 皆川久美子, 葭原明弘, 深井穫博, 安藤雄一, 嶋崎義浩, 神原正樹, 宮崎秀夫

口腔衛生学会雑誌 69 ( 1 ) 51 - 51 2019.1

Association between the Numbers of Dentists/Dental Hygienists Working in Dental Clinics and Their Service Contents -From the Survey on the Cooperation of Dentistry Medical Function in Niigata-

MINAGAWA Kumiko, YOSHIHARA Akihiro, SATO Misuzu, ARAI Setsuo, SEIDA Yoshikazu, MIYAZAKI Hideo

JOURNAL OF DENTAL HEALTH 69 ( 1 ) 10 - 18 2019

Language：Japanese Publisher：Japanese Society for Oral Health

<p> With advanced aging, there are growing demands for the management of sick persons and medical liaison systems. In such a situation, clinics are expected to play roles as primary medical institutions, such as dealing with diverse patients and promoting community-based multi-professional collaboration. To clarify the association between the statuses of different types of professionals working in dental clinics and their service contents, a questionnaire survey was conducted, involving all dental clinics in Niigata Prefecture (1,186 as of August 1, 2012), along with examination of their service provision in July of the same year. Among these clinics, 950 that responded to the questionnaire without missing values were analyzed. With the number of dentists or dental hygienists working in the study clinics as an explanatory variable and those of dental assistants and clerks as covariances, logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the contents of home dental care services. Ordered logistic regression analysis was also used to examine the management of patients with disabilities and the provision of feeding/swallowing guidance.</p><p> The items only associated with the number of dental hygienists were home dental care services, visits to care facilities, dental hygiene guidance for care facilities, and the management of patients with disabilities (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]=1.12 [1.03-1.23], 1.11 [1.03-1.23], 1.31 [1.16-1.47], and 1.27 [1.16-1.40], respectively). The provision of feeding/swallowing guidance was only associated with the number of dentists (1.24 [1.04-1.48]).</p><p> In order to promote the management of diverse patients in dental clinics and their liaison with hospitals, it may be necessary to enhance dentists' awareness as a premise and basis for ensuring sufficient numbers of dentists and dental hygienists working in such clinics.</p>

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.69.1_10

Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2019160020

Self-Feeding Ability as a Predictor of Mortality Japanese Nursing Home Residents: A Two-Year Longitudinal Study. Reviewed

Sakamoto M, Watanabe Y, Edahiro A, Motokawa K, Shirobe M, Hirano H, Ito K, Kanehisa Y, Yamada R, Yoshihara A

The journal of nutrition, health & aging 23 ( 2 ) 157 - 164 2019

The number of remaining teeth as a risk indicator of cognitive impairment: A cross-sectional clinical study in Sado Island. Reviewed International journal

Ayumi Kuroki, Noriko Sugita, Shigeki Komatsu, Minako Wakasugi, Akio Yokoseki, Akihiro Yoshihara, Tetsuo Kobayashi, Kazutoshi Nakamura, Takeshi Momotsu, Naoto Endo, Kenji Sato, Ichiei Narita, Hiromasa Yoshie

Clinical and experimental dental research 4 ( 6 ) 291 - 296 2018.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Most studies that have demonstrated an association between number of remaining teeth and cognitive impairment have treated teeth as a continuous variable, although the relationship is nonlinear. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the critical number of remaining teeth in hospital outpatients at which the association with cognitive impairment becomes apparent. Japanese adults living on Sado Island who visited Sado General Hospital were invited to participate in Project in Sado for Total Health. In total, 2,530 adults were interviewed and had their teeth counted; 1,476 of these individuals also completed the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and underwent measurement of their serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels. Patients on dialysis and those with hsCRP ≥ 10 mg/L were excluded. The final study group consisted of 565 adults (290 men and 275 women) of mean age 69.8 (range 29-91) years. An MMSE score < 24 was considered to indicate cognitive impairment. The subjects were categorized according to whether they had an edentulous jaw or one to 10, 11-20, 21-27, or ≥28 remaining teeth. One hundred twenty-eight of the 565 study participants were diagnosed to have cognitive impairment. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed associations of cognitive impairment with older age, ischemic heart disease, smoking, and alcohol consumption. After adjustment for covariates, having one to 10 remaining teeth was significantly associated with cognitive impairment. There is a significant association between having only one to 10 remaining teeth and cognitive impairment in hospital outpatients.

DOI： 10.1002/cre2.147

一般地域住民における主観的な歯や歯肉の健康状態と全身健康状態との関連 8020推進財団「一般地域住民を対象とした歯・口腔の健康に関する調査研究」より

皆川久美子, 葭原明弘, 佐藤美寿々, 深井穫博, 安藤雄一, 嶋崎義浩, 古田美智子, 相田潤, 神原正樹, 宮崎秀夫

口腔衛生学会雑誌 68 ( 4 ) 198 - 206 2018.10

Language：Japanese Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会

健康の評価方法として、歯科保健の分野においても主観的評価による健康度を評価指標にした調査が報告されている。しかし、主観的健康観についての調査対象は高齢者が多く、65歳未満の者を対象とした調査はほとんど行われていない。そのため本研究は、一般地域住民を対象に、歯や歯肉の健康状態と全身健康状態との関連を主観的健康観により明らかにすることを目的とした。全国から20〜79歳の5,000人を抽出し、質問紙による調査で回答を得た2,465人(有効回収率49.3%)の中から、分析に用いる変数に欠損値のない1,972人を分析対象者とした。対象者を年齢によって壮年(20〜39歳)・中年(40〜59歳)・高年(60〜79歳)の3区分に分け、それぞれの群において歯や歯肉の健康状態と全身健康状態の主観的健康観の回答をそれぞれカテゴリー化した後、相互の関連を順序ロジスティック回帰分析を用いて分析した。共変量として、現在歯数、性別、仕事の有無、主観的経済状況、就学年数、治療中の疾患の有無、相談相手の有無、BMIを使用した。その結果、すべての年齢群において歯や歯肉の健康状態が良いと回答した者は全身的な健康状態がより良好であると回答していた(調整済オッズ比[95%信頼区間]=壮年期12.41[7.22-21.34]、中年期11.77[7.50-18.48]、老年期10.07[6.55-15.50])。一般住民において属性や関連要因を調整した分析で、いずれの年代においても主観的な歯や歯肉の健康状態と全身健康状態との間には明確な関連性が認められた。(著者抄録)

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Hyposalivation and 10-year all-cause mortality in an elderly Japanese population

Masanori Iwasaki, Wenche S. Borgnakke, Akihiro Yoshihara, Kayoko Ito, Hiroshi Ogawa, Kaname Nohno, Misuzu Sato, Kumiko Minagawa, Toshihiro Ansai, Hideo Miyazaki

Gerodontology 35 ( 2 ) 87 - 94 2018.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Blackwell Munksgaard

Objective: To evaluate the association of salivary flow rate with all-cause mortality among older Japanese adults. We hypothesised that hyposalivation would be a marker for mortality. Background: Hyposalivation, which is an objectively measurable decrease in salivary flow, is highly prevalent among older adults. It is associated with malnutrition and poor general health. Methods: The study population comprised 600 community-dwelling Japanese adults (306 men and 294 women), who were 70 years old at baseline. They underwent stimulated salivary flow rate (SSFR) measurements and were followed up during a 10-year study period. After stratification by sex, the hazard ratios of all-cause mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis comparing groups with and without hyposalivation (ie, SSFR &lt
0.7 mL/min). Results: The baseline prevalence of hyposalivation was 27.8% (85/306) among men and 47.3% (139/294) among women. During a mean (standard deviation) follow-up period of 104 (27) months, 80 deaths occurred: 60 (75.0%) deaths among men and 20 (25.0%) deaths among women. After adjusting for the number of remaining teeth, smoking status, exercise, hypoalbuminemia, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, hyposalivation at baseline was significantly associated with all-cause mortality among men (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.71
95% confidence interval, 1.01-2.89). In contrast, no association between SSFR and all-cause mortality existed among women. Conclusion: Hyposalivation could be a marker for all-cause mortality among older community-dwelling Japanese men. Future studies investigating the association between SSFR and cause-specific mortality are warranted.

DOI： 10.1111/ger.12319

Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: a pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants

Bin Zhou, James Bentham, Mariachiara Di Cesare, Honor Bixby, Goodarz Danaei, Kaveh Hajifathalian, Cristina Taddei, Rodrigo M Carrillo-Larco, Shirin Djalalinia, Shahab Khatibzadeh, Charles Lugero, Niloofar Peykari, Wan Zhu Zhang, James Bennett, Ver Bilano, Gretchen A Stevens, Melanie J Cowan, Leanne M Riley, Zhengming Chen, Ian R Hambleton, Rod T Jackson, Andre Pascal Kengne, Young-Ho Khang, Avula Laxmaiah, Jing Liu, Reza Malekzadeh, Hannelore K Neuhauser, Maroje Sorić, Gregor Starc, Johan Sundström, Mark Woodward, Majid Ezzati, Leandra Abarca-Gómez, Ziad A Abdeen, Niveen M Abu-Rmeileh, Benjamin Acosta-Cazares, Robert J Adams, Wichai Aekplakorn, Kaosar Afsana, Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas, Charles Agyemang, Noor Ani Ahmad, Alireza Ahmadvand, Wolfgang Ahrens, Kamel Ajlouni, Nazgul Akhtaeva, Rajaa Al-Raddadi, Mohamed M Ali, Osman Ali, Ala'a Alkerwi, Eman Aly, Deepak N Amarapurkar, Philippe Amouyel, Antoinette Amuzu, Lars Bo Andersen, Sigmund A Anderssen, Lars H Ängquist, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Daniel Ansong, Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri, Joana Araújo, Inger Ariansen, Tahir Aris, Nimmathota Arlappa, Dominique Arveiler, Krishna K Aryal, Thor Aspelund, Felix K Assah, Maria Cecília F Assunção, Mária Avdicová, Ana Azevedo, Fereidoun Azizi, Bontha V Babu, Suhad Bahijri, Nagalla Balakrishna, Mohamed Bamoshmoosh, Maciej Banach, Piotr Bandosz, José R Banegas, Carlo M Barbagallo, Alberto Barceló, Amina Barkat, Aluisio J D Barros, Mauro V Barros, Iqbal Bata, Anwar M Batieha, Assembekov Batyrbek, Louise A Baur, Robert Beaglehole, Habiba Ben Romdhane, Mikhail Benet, Lowell S Benson, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Gailute Bernotiene, Heloisa Bettiol, Aroor Bhagyalaxmi, Sumit Bharadwaj, Santosh K Bhargava, Yufang Bi, Mukharram Bikbov, Bihungum Bista, Peter Bjerregaard, Espen Bjertness, Marius B Bjertness, Cecilia Björkelund, Anneke Blokstra, Simona Bo, Martin Bobak, Heiner Boeing, Jose G Boggia, Carlos P Boissonnet, Vanina Bongard, Rossana Borchini, Pascal Bovet, Lutgart Braeckman, Imperia Brajkovich, Francesco Branca, Juergen Breckenkamp, Hermann Brenner, Lizzy M Brewster, Graziella Bruno, H B(as) Bueno-de-Mesquita, Anna Bugge, Con Burns, Michael Bursztyn, Antonio Cabrera de León, Joseph Cacciottolo, Hui Cai, Christine Cameron, Günay Can, Ana Paula C Cândido, Vincenzo Capuano, Viviane C Cardoso, Axel C Carlsson, Maria J Carvalho, Felipe F Casanueva, Juan-Pablo Casas, Carmelo A Caserta, Snehalatha Chamukuttan, Angelique W Chan, Queenie Chan, Himanshu K Chaturvedi, Nishi Chaturvedi, Chien-Jen Chen, Fangfang Chen, Huashuai Chen, Shuohua Chen, Zhengming Chen, Ching-Yu Cheng, Imane Cherkaoui Dekkaki, Angela Chetrit, Arnaud Chiolero, Shu-Ti Chiou, Adela Chirita-Emandi, María-Dolores Chirlaque, Belong Cho, Yumi Cho, Diego G Christofaro, Jerzy Chudek, Renata Cifkova, Eliza Cinteza, Frank Claessens, Els Clays, Hans Concin, Cyrus Cooper, Rachel Cooper, Tara C Coppinger, Simona Costanzo, Dominique Cottel, Chris Cowell, Cora L Craig, Ana B Crujeiras, Juan J Cruz, Graziella D'Arrigo, Eleonora d'Orsi, Jean Dallongeville, Albertino Damasceno, Goodarz Danaei, Rachel Dankner, Thomas M Dantoft, Luc Dauchet, Kairat Davletov, Guy De Backer, Dirk De Bacquer, Giovanni de Gaetano, Stefaan De Henauw, Paula Duarte de Oliveira, Delphine De Smedt, Mohan Deepa, Abbas Dehghan, Hélène Delisle, Valérie Deschamps, Klodian Dhana, Augusto F Di Castelnuovo, Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa, Alejandro Diaz, Ty T Dickerson, Shirin Djalalinia, Ha T P Do, Chiara Donfrancesco, Silvana P Donoso, Angela Döring, Maria Dorobantu, Kouamelan Doua, Wojciech Drygas, Virginija Dulskiene, Aleksandar Džakula, Vilnis Dzerve, Elzbieta Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Robert Eggertsen, Ulf Ekelund, Jalila El Ati, Paul Elliott, Roberto Elosua, Rajiv T Erasmus, Cihangir Erem, Louise Eriksen, Johan G Eriksson, Jorge Escobedo-de la Peña, Alun Evans, David Faeh, Caroline H Fall, Farshad Farzadfar, Francisco J Felix-Redondo, Trevor S Ferguson, Romulo A Fernandes, Daniel Fernández-Bergés, Daniel Ferrante, Marika Ferrari, Catterina Ferreccio, Jean Ferrieres, Joseph D Finn, Krista Fischer, Bernhard Föger, Leng Huat Foo, Ann-Sofie Forslund, Maria Forsner, Heba M Fouad, Damian K Francis, Maria do Carmo Franco, Oscar H Franco, Guillermo Frontera, Flavio D Fuchs, Sandra C Fuchs, Yuki Fujita, Takuro Furusawa, Zbigniew Gaciong, Fabio Galvano, Manoli Garcia-de-la-Hera, Dickman Gareta, Sarah P Garnett, Jean-Michel Gaspoz, Magda Gasull, Louise Gates, Johanna M Geleijnse, Anoosheh Ghasemian, Anup Ghimire, Simona Giampaoli, Francesco Gianfagna, Tiffany K Gill, Jonathan Giovannelli, Rebecca A Goldsmith, Helen Gonçalves, Marcela Gonzalez-Gross, Juan P González-Rivas, Mariano Bonet Gorbea, Frederic Gottrand, Sidsel Graff-Iversen, Dušan Grafnetter, Aneta Grajda, Maria G Grammatikopoulou, Ronald D Gregor, Tomasz Grodzicki, Anders Grøntved, Giuseppe Grosso, Gabriella Gruden, Vera Grujic, Dongfeng Gu, Ong Peng Guan, Elias F Gudmundsson, Vilmundur Gudnason, Ramiro Guerrero, Idris Guessous, Andre L Guimaraes, Martin C Gulliford, Johanna Gunnlaugsdottir, Marc Gunter, Prakash C Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Oye Gureje, Beata Gurzkowska, Laura Gutierrez, Felix Gutzwiller, Farzad Hadaegh, Jytte Halkjær, Ian R Hambleton, Rebecca Hardy, Rachakulla Hari Kumar, Jun Hata, Alison J Hayes, Jiang He, Yuna He, Marleen Elisabeth, Ana Henriques, Leticia Hernandez Cadena, Sauli Herrala, Ramin Heshmat, Ilpo Tapani Hihtaniemi, Sai Yin Ho, Suzanne C Ho, Michael Hobbs, Albert Hofman, Gonul Horasan Dinc, Andrea R V R Horimoto, Claudia M Hormiga, Bernardo L Horta, Leila Houti, Christina Howitt, Thein Thein Htay, Aung Soe Htet, Maung Maung Than Htike, Yonghua Hu, José María Huerta, Martijn Huisman, Abdullatif S Husseini, Inge Huybrechts, Nahla Hwalla, Licia Iacoviello, Anna G Iannone, Mohsen M Ibrahim, Norazizah Ibrahim Wong, Nayu Ikeda, M Arfan Ikram, Vilma E Irazola, Muhammad Islam, Aziz al-Safi Ismail, Vanja Ivkovic, Masanori Iwasaki, Rod T Jackson, Jeremy M Jacobs, Hashem Jaddou, Tazeen Jafar, Konrad Jamrozik, Imre Janszky, Grazyna Jasienska, Ana Jelaković, Bojan Jelaković, Garry Jennings, Seung-lyeal Jeong, Chao Qiang Jiang, Michel Joffres, Mattias Johansson, Jari J Jokelainen, Jost B Jonas, Torben Jørgensen, Pradeep Joshi, Jacek Jóźwiak, Anne Juolevi, Gregor Jurak, Vesna Jureša, Rudolf Kaaks, Anthony Kafatos, Eero O Kajantie, Ofra Kalter-Leibovici, Nor Azmi Kamaruddin, Khem B Karki, Amir Kasaeian, Joanne Katz, Jussi Kauhanen, Prabhdeep Kaur, Maryam Kavousi, Gyulli Kazakbaeva, Ulrich Keil, Lital Keinan Boker, Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Roya Kelishadi, Han C G Kemper, Andre P Kengne, Alina Kerimkulova, Mathilde Kersting, Timothy Key, Yousef Saleh Khader, Davood Khalili, Young-Ho Khang, Mohammad Khateeb, Kay-Tee Khaw, Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Stefan Kiechl, Japhet Killewo, Jeongseon Kim, Yeon-Yong Kim, Jurate Klumbiene, Michael Knoflach, Elin Kolle, Patrick Kolsteren, Paul Korrovits, Seppo Koskinen, Katsuyasu Kouda, Sudhir Kowlessur, Slawomir Koziel, Susi Kriemler, Peter Lund Kristensen, Steinar Krokstad, Daan Kromhout, Herculina S Kruger, Ruzena Kubinova, Renata Kuciene, Diana Kuh, Urho M Kujala, Zbigniew Kulaga, R Krishna Kumar, Pawel Kurjata, Yadlapalli S Kusuma, Kari Kuulasmaa, Catherine Kyobutungi, Tiina Laatikainen, Carl Lachat, Tai Hing Lam, Orlando Landrove, Vera Lanska, Georg Lappas, Bagher Larijani, Lars E Laugsand, Avula Laxmaiah, Khanh Le Nguyen Bao, Tuyen D Le, Catherine Leclercq, Jeannette Lee, Jeonghee Lee, Terho Lehtimäki, Luz M León-Muñoz, Naomi S Levitt, Yanping Li, Christa L Lilly, Wei-Yen Lim, M Fernanda Lima-Costa, Hsien-Ho Lin, Xu Lin, Lars Lind, Allan Linneberg, Lauren Lissner, Mieczyslaw Litwin, Jing Liu, Roberto Lorbeer, Paulo A Lotufo, José Eugenio Lozano, Dalia Luksiene, Annamari Lundqvist, Nuno Lunet, Per Lytsy, Guansheng Ma, Jun Ma, George L L Machado-Coelho, Suka Machi, Stefania Maggi, Dianna J Magliano, Emmanuella Magriplis, Marjeta Majer, Marcia Makdisse, Reza Malekzadeh, Rahul Malhotra, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao, Sofia Malyutina, Yannis Manios, Jim I Mann, Enzo Manzato, Paula Margozzini, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Larissa Pruner Marques, Jaume Marrugat, Reynaldo Martorell, Ellisiv B Mathiesen, Alicia Matijasevich, Tandi E Matsha, Jean Claude N Mbanya, Anselmo J Mc Donald Posso, Shelly R McFarlane, Stephen T McGarvey, Stela McLachlan, Rachael M McLean, Scott B McLean, Breige A McNulty, Sounnia Mediene-Benchekor, Jurate Medzioniene, Aline Meirhaeghe, Christa Meisinger, Ana Maria B Menezes, Geetha R Menon, Indrapal I Meshram, Andres Metspalu, Haakon E Meyer, Jie Mi, Kairit Mikkel, Jody C Miller, Cláudia S Minderico, Juan Francisco, J Jaime Miranda, Erkin Mirrakhimov, Marjeta Mišigoj-Durakovic, Pietro A Modesti, Mostafa K Mohamed, Kazem Mohammad, Noushin Mohammadifard, Viswanathan Mohan, Salim Mohanna, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff, Line T Møllehave, Niels C Møller, Dénes Molnár, Amirabbas Momenan, Charles K Mondo, Kotsedi Daniel K Monyeki, Jin Soo Moon, Leila B Moreira, Alain Morejon, Luis A Moreno, Karen Morgan, George Moschonis, Malgorzata Mossakowska, Aya Mostafa, Jorge Mota, Mohammad Esmaeel Motlagh, Jorge Motta, Kelias P Msyamboza, Thet Thet Mu, Maria L Muiesan, Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Neil Murphy, Jaakko Mursu, Vera Musil, Iraj Nabipour, Gabriele Nagel, Balkish M Naidu, Harunobu Nakamura, Jana Námešná, Ei Ei K Nang, Vinay B Nangia, Sameer Narake, Matthias Nauck, Eva Maria Navarrete-Muñoz, Ndeye Coumba Ndiaye, William A Neal, Ilona Nenko, Martin Neovius, Flavio Nervi, Hannelore K Neuhauser, Chung T Nguyen, Nguyen D Nguyen, Quang Ngoc Nguyen, Quang V Nguyen, Ramfis E Nieto-Martínez, Teemu J Niiranen, Guang Ning, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Sania Nishtar, Marianna Noale, Oscar A Noboa, Ahmad Ali Noorbala, Teresa Norat, Davide Noto, Mohannad Al Nsour, Dermot O'Reilly, Eiji Oda, Glenn Oehlers, Kyungwon Oh, Kumiko Ohara, Maria Teresa A Olinto, Isabel O Oliveira, Mohd Azahadi Omar, Altan Onat, Sok King Ong, Lariane M Ono, Pedro Ordunez, Rui Ornelas, Clive Osmond, Sergej M Ostojic, Afshin Ostovar, Johanna A Otero, Kim Overvad, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Fred Michel Paccaud, Cristina Padez, Elena Pahomova, Andrzej Pajak, Domenico Palli, Luigi Palmieri, Wen-Harn Pan, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Francesco Panza, Dimitrios Papandreou, Soon-Woo Park, Winsome R Parnell, Mahboubeh Parsaeian, Nikhil D Patel, Ivan Pecin, Mangesh S Pednekar, Nasheeta Peer, Petra H Peeters, Sergio Viana Peixoto, Markku Peltonen, Alexandre C Pereira, Annette Peters, Astrid Petersmann, Janina Petkeviciene, Niloofar Peykari, Son Thai Pham, Iris Pigeot, Hynek Pikhart, Aida Pilav, Lorenza Pilotto, Freda Pitakaka, Aleksandra Piwonska, Pedro Plans-Rubió, Ozren Polašek, Miquel Porta, Marileen L P Portegies, Akram Pourshams, Hossein Poustchi, Rajendra Pradeepa, Mathur Prashant, Jacqueline F Price, Jardena J Puder, Maria Puiu, Margus Punab, Radwan F Qasrawi, Mostafa Qorbani, Tran Quoc Bao, Ivana Radic, Ricardas Radisauskas, Mahfuzar Rahman, Olli Raitakari, Manu Raj, Sudha Ramachandra Rao, Ambady Ramachandran, Elisabete Ramos, Lekhraj Rampal, Sanjay Rampal, Daniel A Rangel Reina, Josep Redon, Paul Ferdinand M Reganit, Robespierre Ribeiro, Elio Riboli, Fernando Rigo, Tobias F Rinke de Wit, Raphael M Ritti-Dias, Sian M Robinson, Cynthia Robitaille, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, María del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Laura A Rodríguez-Villamizar, Rosalba Rojas-Martinez, Dora Romaguera, Kimmo Ronkainen, Annika Rosengren, Joel G R Roy, Adolfo Rubinstein, Blanca Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Marcin Rutkowski, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Harshpal S Sachdev, Olfa Saidi, Sibel Sakarya, Benoit Salanave, Eduardo Salazar Martinez, Diego Salmerón, Veikko Salomaa, Jukka T Salonen, Massimo Salvetti, Jose Sánchez-Abanto, Susana Sans, Diana A Santos, Ina S Santos, Renata Nunes dos Santos, Rute Santos, Jouko L Saramies, Luis B Sardinha, Giselle Sarganas, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Kai-Uwe Saum, Savvas Savva, Marcia Scazufca, Herman Schargrodsky, Sabine Schipf, Carsten O Schmidt, Ben Schöttker, Constance Schultsz, Aletta E Schutte, Aye Aye Sein, Abhijit Sen, Idowu O Senbanjo, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Sanjib K Sharma, Jonathan E Shaw, Kenji Shibuya, Dong Wook Shin, Youchan Shin, Khairil Si-Ramlee, Rosalynn Siantar, Abla M Sibai, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Mary Simon, Judith Simons, Leon A Simons, Michael Sjöström, Sine Skovbjerg, Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer, Przemyslaw Slusarczyk, Liam Smeeth, Margaret C Smith, Marieke B Snijder, Hung-Kwan So, Eugène Sobngwi, Stefan Söderberg, Vincenzo Solfrizzi, Emily Sonestedt, Yi Song, Thorkild I A Sørensen, Maroje Soric, Charles Sossa Jérome, Aicha Soumare, Jan A Staessen, Gregor Starc, Maria G Stathopoulou, Bill Stavreski, Jostein Steene-Johannessen, Peter Stehle, Aryeh D Stein, George S Stergiou, Jochanan Stessman, Jutta Stieber, Doris Stöckl, Tanja Stocks, Jakub Stokwiszewski, Karien Stronks, Maria Wany Strufaldi, Chien-An Sun, Johan Sundström, Yn-Tz Sung, Paibul Suriyawongpaisal, Rody G Sy, E Shyong Tai, Mari-Liis Tammesoo, Abdonas Tamosiunas, Eng Joo Tan, Xun Tang, Frank Tanser, Yong Tao, Mohammed Rasoul Tarawneh, Carolina B Tarqui-Mamani, Oana-Florentina Tautu, Anne Taylor, Holger Theobald, Xenophon Theodoridis, Lutgarde Thijs, Betina H Thuesen, Anne Tjonneland, Hanna K Tolonen, Janne S Tolstrup, Murat Topbas, Roman Topór-Madry, María José Tormo, Maties Torrent, Pierre Traissac, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Antonia Trichopoulou, Oanh T H Trinh, Atul Trivedi, Lechaba Tshepo, Marshall K Tulloch-Reid, Fikru Tullu, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Maria L Turley, Per Tynelius, Christophe Tzourio, Peter Ueda, Eunice E Ugel, Hanno Ulmer, Hannu M T Uusitalo, Gonzalo Valdivia, Damaskini Valvi, Yvonne T van der Schouw, Koen Van Herck, Hoang Van Minh, Lenie van Rossem, Natasja M Van Schoor, Irene G M van Valkengoed, Dirk Vanderschueren, Diego Vanuzzo, Lars Vatten, Tomas Vega, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez, Giovanni Veronesi, W M Monique Verschuren, Roosmarijn Verstraeten, Cesar G Victora, Lucie Viet, Eira Viikari-Juntura, Paolo Vineis, Jesus Vioque, Jyrki K Virtanen, Sophie Visvikis-Siest, Bharathi Viswanathan, Tiina Vlasoff, Peter Vollenweider, Sari Voutilainen, Alisha N Wade, Aline Wagner, Janette Walton, Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud, Rildo S Wanderley, Ming-Dong Wang, Qian Wang, Ya Xing Wang, Ying-Wei Wang, S Goya Wannamethee, Nicholas Wareham, Niels Wedderkopp, Deepa Weerasekera, Peter H Whincup, Kurt Widhalm, Indah S Widyahening, Andrzej Wiecek, Alet H Wijga, Rainford J Wilks, Johann Willeit, Peter Willeit, Emmanuel A Williams, Tom Wilsgaard, Bogdan Wojtyniak, Roy A Wong-McClure, Justin Y Y Wong, Tien Yin Wong, Jean Woo, Mark Woodward, Aleksander Giwercman Wu, Frederick C Wu, Shouling Wu, Haiquan Xu, Weili Yan, Xiaoguang Yang, Xingwang Ye, Panayiotis K Yiallouros, Akihiro Yoshihara, Novie O Younger-Coleman, Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff, Ahmad Ali Zainuddin, Sabina Zambon, Antonis Zampelas, Tomasz Zdrojewski, Yi Zeng, Dong Zhao, Wenhua Zhao, Wei Zheng, Yingfeng Zheng, Dan Zhu, Baurzhan Zhussupov, Esther Zimmermann, Julio Zuñiga Cisneros

International Journal of Epidemiology 47 ( 3 ) 872 - 883i 2018.6

Relationship between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism and susceptibility to chronic kidney disease and periodontal disease in community-dwelling elderly. Reviewed International journal

Akihiro Yoshihara, Noboru Kaneko, Masanori Iwasaki, Kaname Nohno, Hideo Miyazaki

Journal of clinical periodontology 45 ( 6 ) 672 - 679 2018.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible correlation between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism and susceptibility to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and periodontal disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study analysed 345 participants, who were all 79 years of age. Kidney function levels were determined based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; non-reduced function: ≥60 and reduced function: <60 ml min-1 1.73 m-2 ). VDR TaqI genotyping was also studied. We calculated the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA). After classifying participants into quartile groups according to eGFR or PISA values, the subjects were then split into two groups (highest quartile versus the other three groups combined). Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the odds ratios between the eGFR and VDR TaqI genotype with the different PISA groups. The eGFR was set as the dependent variable while the VDR TaqI genotype, HbA1C, gender, smoking habits and body mass index were defined as independent variables. RESULTS: A significant association was observed between the VDR TaqI genotype and eGFR in the PISA high group (odds ratio = 3.97, p = .027). CONCLUSION: Study results suggest that VDR TaqI genotype might be associated with CKD during inflammatory conditions caused by periodontal disease.

DOI： 10.1111/jcpe.12896

Relationship between autoantibody associated with rheumatoid arthritis and tooth loss. Reviewed International journal

Yuko Hayashi, George Taylor, Akihiro Yoshihara, Masanori Iwasaki, Stuart A Gansky, Hideo Miyazaki

Gerodontology 2018.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the relationship between serum Rheumatoid Factor (RF) levels and tooth loss in a community-dwelling elderly Japanese women. It was hypothesised that women with high baseline RF levels would experience greater tooth loss over 10 years than age-matched women with lower baseline serum RF levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population consisted of 197 women aged 70 years with ≥12 teeth at baseline. One hundred and twenty-four participants completed a 10-year follow-up and were divided into 2 groups according to their baseline serum RF levels as follows: RF negative (<15 U/mL; n = 114) and RF positive (>15 U/mL; n = 10). Negative binomial regression was used to investigate the relationship between baseline RFs and tooth lost over the 10-year period. RF and its interaction with the baseline number of teeth were independent variables, with 9 other adjustment covariates. RESULTS: Baseline RFs were significantly associated with tooth loss (P = .035). In addition, a statistical interaction between baseline RFs and baseline number of teeth was identified (P = .023), modifying the association between RFs and tooth loss. The adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) for RF-positive participants with 21 baseline teeth was 1.88 (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.76, 4.65). IRRs obtained for participants who had 25 baseline teeth (3.02; 95% CI: 1.03, 8.83) or 30 baseline teeth (5.47; 95% CI: 1.29, 23.13) suggested that RF-positive participants with a high number of baseline teeth would exhibit greater tooth loss than RF-negative participants. CONCLUSION: High serum RF levels were associated with a greater IRR for future tooth loss in elderly Japanese women.

DOI： 10.1111/ger.12344

Effect of lifestyle on 6-year periodontitis incidence or progression and tooth loss in older adults. Reviewed International journal

Iwasaki M, Borgnakke WS, Ogawa H, Yamaga T, Sato M, Minagawa K, Ansai T, Yoshihara A, Miyazaki H

Journal of clinical periodontology 45 ( 8 ) 896 - 908 2018.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

AIM: To evaluate the longitudinal association of combined healthy lifestyle factors with incidence or progression of periodontitis and tooth loss in older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This 6-year study included 374 Japanese 70-year olds with 7,157 teeth, from a source eligible baseline population of 554 individuals. Four lifestyle factors-cigarette smoking, physical activity, relative weight, and dietary quality-were scored as healthy (1 point) or unhealthy (0 point). Adding the individual scores generated the "healthy lifestyle score" (0-4 points). Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models were applied to evaluate tooth-specific associations between the baseline healthy lifestyle score and the incidence or progression of periodontitis (increase in clinical attachment loss ≥3 mm) and tooth loss. RESULTS: After 6 years, 19.0% of the teeth exhibited periodontitis incidence or progression and 8.2% were lost. Compared with a healthy lifestyle score of 0-1 (least healthy), the highest score (4 points) was associated with a significantly lower tooth-specific risk of periodontitis (adjusted odds ratio = 0.32; 95% confidence interval: 0.16-0.62) and tooth loss (adjusted odds ratio = 0.42; 95% confidence interval: 0.23-0.77). CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous adherence to multiple healthy lifestyle factors significantly lowers the risk of incidence or progression of periodontitis and tooth loss in older adults.

DOI： 10.1111/jcpe.12920

Chronic Intra Oral Pain and Depressive Symptoms in Japanese Community-Dwelling Elderly: A Longitudinal Study. Reviewed

Hanindriyo L, Yoshihara A, Takiguchi T, Miyazaki H

Community dental health 35 ( 2 ) 102 - 108 2018.5

高次生活機能の加齢に伴う変化の軌跡と歯の本数の関連についての縦断研究

岩崎正則, 佐藤美寿々, 皆川久美子, 安細敏弘, 葭原明弘, 小川祐司, 宮崎秀夫

口腔衛生学会雑誌 68 ( 増刊 ) 112 - 112 2018.4

納豆摂取と歯の喪失との関連地域在住閉経後女性を対象とした縦断研究

佐藤美寿々, 岩崎正則, 皆川久美子, 葭原明弘, 宮崎秀夫

口腔衛生学会雑誌 68 ( 増刊 ) 112 - 112 2018.4

在宅超高齢者の栄養状態と栄養素摂取量との関連

濱嵜朋子, 岩崎正則, 角田聡子, 片岡正太, 濃野要, 葭原明弘, 安細敏弘, 宮崎秀夫

口腔衛生学会雑誌 68 ( 増刊 ) 113 - 113 2018.4

Relationship between alcohol consumption and periodontal tissue condition in community-dwelling elderly Japanese. Reviewed International journal

Suwama Kana, Yoshihara Akihiro, Watanabe Reiko, Stegaroiu Roxana, Shibata Satoko, Miyazaki Hideo

Gerodontology 2018.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

OBJECTIVES: To examine the associations among alcohol consumption level, dietary intake and other lifestyle factors, and periodontal condition, in community-dwelling elderly Japanese of a specific age. BACKGROUND: The relationship between alcohol consumption level and periodontitis is a controversial issue. METHODS: Participants were 438 dentate elders aged 73 years from a larger cohort survey of elders in Niigata City, Japan. Data collected from oral examination of each participant, including number of the existing teeth, mean probing pocket depth and mean clinical attachment level (CAL) were used for the analyses. A semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire and a lifestyle habit questionnaire were used to assess food and alcohol consumption, smoking experience, frequency of tooth brushing, interdental brush use, and visits to a dental clinic during the previous year. Blood glucose control was assessed by the glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level. Body mass index was calculated from height and weight measurements. The relationships between each variable and the individual mean CAL were analysed by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: According to logistic regression

DOI： 10.1111/ger.12335

Relationship between clinical periodontal parameters and changes in liver enzymes levels over an 8-year period in an elderly Japanese population

Elastria Widita, Akihiro Yoshihara, Lisdrianto Hanindriyo, Hideo Miyazaki

Journal of Clinical Periodontology 45 ( 3 ) 311 - 321 2018.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Blackwell Munksgaard

Aims: An association between periodontal disease and liver enzymes has been reported previously. This study examined the relationship between clinical periodontal parameters and changes in liver enzymes levels in 265 non-institutionalized Japanese elderly aged 72 years over 8 years. Materials and methods: The number of sites with probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥ 6 mm and clinical attachment level (CAL) ≥ 6 mm were measured. Changes in liver enzymes (alanine transaminase [ALT] and aspartate transaminase [AST]) was grouped based on any elevation of concentrations. The relationship was determined by logistic regression with adjustment for confounders. Interaction test and stratified analysis were then performed according to smoking status and alcohol drinking habits, separately. Results: Elevation in ALT, but not AST, was significantly associated with PPD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.10) and CAL (OR = 1.03). A significant interaction of periodontal parameters on ALT was observed with smoking status, but not with alcohol drinking habit. The stratified analysis suggested that ALT was found to be significantly correlated with PPD (OR = 1.20) and CAL (OR = 1.04) to those who were smoker. Conclusion: The elevation in ALT levels might be associated with clinical periodontal parameters among non-institutionalized Japanese elderly, and this association was modified by smoking status.

DOI： 10.1111/jcpe.12861

Association between serum resistin level and periodontal condition change among elderly people Reviewed

Ogawa H, Damrongrungruang T, Furugen R, Hayashida H, Saito T, Yoshihara A, Miyazaki H

Stoma Edu J 5 ( 1 ) 24 - 30 2018.3

Dentition status and frailty in community-dwelling older adults: A 5-year prospective cohort study

Masanori Iwasaki, Akihiro Yoshihara, Misuzu Sato, Kumiko Minagawa, Mieko Shimada, Mamoru Nishimuta, Toshihiro Ansai, Yutaka Yoshitake, Hideo Miyazaki

Geriatrics and Gerontology International 18 ( 2 ) 256 - 262 2018.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Blackwell Publishing

Aim: To examine the longitudinal association between dentition status and incidence of frailty in older adults. Methods: The present prospective cohort study included community-dwelling Japanese adults aged 75 years at baseline (n = 322). Dental examinations, biochemical blood examinations, physical performance and anthropometric measurements, and structured questionnaires were carried out at baseline. The presence of ≥20 teeth with nine or more occluding pairs of teeth was defined as functional dentition. Annual follow-up examinations, including physical performance, anthropometric measurements and structured questionnaires, were carried out over a 5-year period to determine the incidence of frailty, defined as three or more of the following five components derived from the Cardiovascular Health Study: weight loss, weakness, slowness, poor energy and low physical activity level. Adjusted hazard ratios of frailty incidence according to dentition status were calculated from Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. Results: At baseline, 118 participants (36.6%) were defined as having functional dentition. During the follow up, 48 participants (14.9%) developed frailty. The adjusted hazard ratio for frailty in participants with functional dentition was 0.50 (95% confidence interval 0.25–0.98) compared with participants without functional dentition, after adjusting for sex, income, education, smoking status, body mass index, serum biomarkers and comorbidities. Conclusions: Functional dentition was significantly associated with a lower risk of frailty defined by the Cardiovascular Health Study frailty index in older Japanese adults. These results suggest that maintaining healthy and functional dentition into later life is important for frailty prevention. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018
18: 256–262.

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.13170

Association of liver enzyme levels and alveolar bone loss: A cross-sectional clinical study in Sado Island. Reviewed International journal

Ayumi Kuroki, Noriko Sugita, Shigeki Komatsu, Akio Yokoseki, Akihiro Yoshihara, Tetsuo Kobayashi, Kazutoshi Nakamura, Takeshi Momotsu, Naoto Endo, Kenji Sato, Ichiei Narita, Hiromasa Yoshie

Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry 10 ( 2 ) e100-e106 - e106 2018.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Background: The interaction of periodontopathic bacteria with host immune system induces the production of inflammatory mediators which leads to alveolar bone loss (ABL), the essential feature of periodontitis. Concurrently, periodontal diseases cause the elevation of blood cytokine levels, the alteration of gut microbiota and the dissemination of enterobacteria to the liver. Owing to these mechanisms, periodontal disease might be a risk for liver dysfunction. Several epidemiological studies have reported associations between periodontal diseases and liver dysfunction, although the association between ABL and liver dysfunction has not been investigated. This cross-sectional study determined if elevated serum liver enzyme levels were associated with ABL in Japanese adults. Material and Methods: Japanese adults living on Sado Island who visited Sado General Hospital were invited to participate in the study. Participants over 40 years of age who underwent dental panoramic radiography and blood tests were included. Drinking and smoking habits were self-administered. After excluding patients with edentulous jaw, diagnosed liver diseases, and those on dialysis, data from 44 men and 66 women with a mean age of 73 years were analyzed. The average percentage of ABL for each participant was calculated for mesial and distal sites of all remaining teeth. The levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were determined. Univariate analyses were performed to select covariates to be put in multivariate analyses. The association between elevated serum liver enzyme levels and the highest quartile of ABL were assessed by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: After adjusting for covariates, no significant association was found between elevated serum AST, ALT, or GGT levels as dependent variables and the highest quartile of ABL as an explanatory variable. Conclusions: There was no significant association between the elevation of serum liver enzyme levels and ABL in Japanese adults. Key words:Liver enzymes, dental panoramic radiography, alveolar bone loss, Japanese adults.

DOI： 10.4317/jced.54555

A 5-year longitudinal study of association of maximum bite force with development of frailty in community-dwelling older adults Reviewed

M. Iwasaki, A. Yoshihara, N. Sato, M. Sato, K. Minagawa, M. Shimada, M. Nishimuta, T. Ansai, Y. Yoshitake, T. Ono, H. Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION 45 ( 1 ) 17 - 24 2018.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY

To determine whether maximum bite force (MBF), an objective measure of oral function, is associated with development of frailty in community-dwelling older adults. This prospective cohort study included community-dwelling Japanese adults aged 75years at baseline (n=322). Baseline MBF was measured using an electronic recording device (Occlusal Force-Meter GM10). Follow-up examinations, including physical fitness and anthropometric evaluation and structured questionnaires, were administered annually over a 5-year period to determine the incidence of frailty, which was defined by the presence of 3 or more of the following 5 components derived from the Cardiovascular Health Study: low level of mobility, low physical activity level, weakness, shrinking and poor endurance and energy. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of incidence of frailty according to sex-stratified tertiles of baseline MBF were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. During the follow-up, 49 participants (15.2%) developed frailty. Participants in the lower tertile of MBF exhibited a significantly greater risk of frailty than those in the upper tertile. After adjustment for sex, depression, diabetes and Eichner index, the adjusted HRs for frailty in the upper through lower tertiles of MBF were 1.00 (reference), 1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50-3.20) and 2.78 (95% CI: 1.15-6.72), respectively (P for trend=.01). Poor oral function, as indicated by low MBF, increases the risk of development of frailty among elderly men and women.

DOI： 10.1111/joor.12578

視診による歯肉炎評価の有用性 Reviewed

渡辺真光, 葭原明弘, 諏訪間加奈, 角田聡子, 岩崎正則, 安細敏弘, 宮崎秀夫

口腔衛生学会雑誌 68 ( 1 ) 36 - 37 2018.1

職域における歯科健診単独もしくは歯科健診と保健指導による行動変容

金子昇, 葭原明弘, 野々村絢子, 笹嶋真嵩, 宮本茜, 皆川久美子, 佐藤美寿々, 久保田悠, 濃野要, 山賀孝之, 宮崎秀夫

口腔衛生学会雑誌 68 ( 1 ) 37 - 37 2018.1

Associations of Tooth Loss, Denture Use, and Self-perceived Denture Fit with Frailty <b> </b>in Community-dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-sectional Study Reviewed

SATO Misuzu, IWASAKI Masanori, MINAGAWA Kumiko, OGAWA Hiroshi, YAMAGA Takayuki, YOSHIHARA Akihiro, MIYAZAKI Hideo

JOURNAL OF DENTAL HEALTH 68 ( 2 ) 68 - 75 2018

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japanese Society for Oral Health

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the associations of tooth loss, denture use, and self-perceived denture fit with frailty in community-dwelling older Japanese adults. The subjects were 344 Japanese adults (177 men and 167 women) aged 79 years in Niigata City (Japan), who participated in an oral and general health examination and a questionnaire survey in 2007. Frailty was defined as the presence of ≥ 2 of the following 3 factors derived and modified from the Study of Osteoporotic Fracture Criteria for Frailty: 1) weight loss ≥ 5% over 2 years, 2) inability to do chair stands, and 3) answer of “no” to the question “Do you feel full of energy?”. Associations between frailty and tooth loss, denture use, and self-perceived denture fit were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. The multivariable models were adjusted for sex, body mass index, and mental health. The frequency of frailty in this study was 8.4%. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that tooth loss (per each additional tooth present, adjusted odds ratio [OR]=0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.90–0.99), the presence of 20 teeth or more (compared with the presence of less than 20 teeth, adjusted OR=0.39, 95% CI=0.15–0.97), denture non-use (compared with denture use, adjusted OR=17.89, 95% CI=5.00–64.32), and self-perceived ill-fitting denture (compared with well-fitting denture, adjusted OR=3.38, 95% CI=1.01–11.27) were significantly correlated with frailty. Our results suggest that tooth loss, denture non-use, and self-perceived ill-fitting denture were associated with frailty in community-dwelling older Japanese adults.

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.68.2_68

Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2018250455

Relationship between Self-rated Tooth and Gingival Health and Self-rated General Health among General Japanese Subjects: The 8020 Health Study

MINAGAWA Kumiko, MIYAZAKI Hideo, YOSHIHARA Akihiro, SATO Misuzu, FUKAI Kakuhiro, ANDO Yuichi, SHIMAZAKI Yoshihiro, FURUTA Michiko, AIDA Jun, KANBARA Masaki

JOURNAL OF DENTAL HEALTH 68 ( 4 ) 198 - 206 2018

Language：Japanese Publisher：Japanese Society for Oral Health

<p> Self-rated health is a simple way of assessing the health status. It is also used for oral health research in general population surveys. However, limited information is available on younger populations aged under 65 years.</p><p> Accordingly, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between the self-rated tooth and gingival health and self-rated general health based on a survey conducted by the 8020 Promotion Foundation in 2015.</p><p> For this survey, questionnaires were mailed to 5,000 people, aged 20 to 79, who were selected by stratified two-stage random sampling from Japanese municipalities, and 2,465 people responded (response rate=49.3%). </p><p> Data without missing responses from 1,972 participants were used for analysis.</p><p> The subjects were divided into three groups according to age: young participants (aged 20-39 years), middle-aged participants (aged 40-59 years), and elderly participants (aged 60-79 years).</p><p> An ordinal logistic regression model was created to evaluate the association between self-rated tooth and gingival health and self-rated general health for each group.</p><p> Multivariable models were adjusted for the number of teeth, sex, employment status, subjective economic status, education, comorbidity, presence of an adviser, and body mass index.</p><p> Based on the ordinal logistic regression analysis, participants with good self-rated tooth and gingival health had significantly better self-rated general health. The adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 12.41 (7.22-21.34) for the young participants, 11.77 (7.50-18.48) for the middle-aged participants, and </p><p>10.07 (6.55-15.50) for the elderly participants.</p><p> The present study suggests that the self-rated tooth and gingival health is significantly correlated with self-rated general health among general Japanese subjects in all age groups.</p>

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.68.4_198

Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2019038143

Association between Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10) and the Health, Dental, and Nutritional Status of Elderly Individuals Living at Home

AKIYAMA Rika, HAMASAKI Tomoko, SAKAI Rie, IWASAKI Masanori, KAKUTA Satoko, SOH Inho, YOSHIHARA Akihiro, MIYAZAKI Hideo, ANSAI Toshihiro

JOURNAL OF DENTAL HEALTH 68 ( 2 ) 76 - 84 2018

Language：Japanese Publisher：Japanese Society for Oral Health

<p> This study investigated the relationship between dysphagia and the nutritional status of elderly individuals living at home when screened with Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10). A total of 129 participants (62 males, 67 females, aged 85 years) were surveyed. Participants were sent a questionnaire by mail and asked to complete and return it to the authors. Assessments included in the questionnaire were EAT-10, the self-reported number of teeth, Short-form Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA-SF), a subjective health evaluation, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence (TMIG-Index of Competence), Oral Health Impact Profile-49 (OHIP), and number of foods that can be masticated. To evaluate variation in the study's variables, the analysis was based on established scores of EAT-10: those suspected of having dysphagia score above three; those with no suspicion of dysphagia score below two.</p><p> When screened with EAT-10, 52.7% of the participants were classified as being suspected of having dysphagia. There were significant correlations between dysphagia and a low OHIP score (<i>p</i><0.001), the number of foods that can be masticated (<i>p</i><0.001), subjective health evaluation (<i>p</i><0.001), and MNA-SF (<i>p</i>=0.007).</p><p> Furthermore, logistic regression analysis revealed that the nutritional status was associated with dysphagia (<i>p</i>=0.043)．These findings suggest the association of dysphagia with malnutrition in elderly people living at home.</p>

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.68.2_76

Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2018250456

Dental caries prevalence and treatment level of neglected children at two child guidance centers Reviewed

Yukiko Nogami, Yoko Iwase, Akiko Kagoshima, Issei Saitoh, Tsutomu Nakajima, Hideki Takahashi, Kanehito Nakagawa, Akihiro Yoshihara, Akitsugu Ohuchi, Tomiko Asahito, Haruaki Hayasaki

Pediatric Dental Journal 27 ( 3 ) 137 - 141 2017.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Elsevier Ltd

Objective Detailed evidence of a relationship between maltreated children and dental caries is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dmft and DMFT, and the characteristics of dental treatment level of children at two child guidance centers (CGC). Subject and methods A total of 166 children (mean age: 11.6 y ± 2.8) staying at two CGCs were examine, and their results were compared with those of the Survey of Dental Disease (SDD) carried out by the Japanese Society for Oral Health. Results Mean numbers of dental caries were 5.70 at the CGCs and 2.25 in the SDD. “Completely treated” children were 21.7% of total participants in the SDD, but only 3.6% at the CGCs. In addition, 7.0% of participants were “untreated” in the SDD, but 41.0% at the CGCs. The percentage of children without dental caries was 18.7% at the CGCs and 45.7% in the SDD. These differences between the CGCs and in the SDD were statistically significant. Conclusions Our results indicate that, due to a lack of daily oral care, dental caries are significantly more prevalent in children at CGCs. CGCs may be good places to improve neglected children's dental caries and oral health care.

DOI： 10.1016/j.pdj.2017.08.003

Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults Reviewed

Majid Ezzati, James Bentham, Mariachiara Di Cesare, Ver Bilano, Honor Bixby, Bin Zhou, Gretchen A. Stevens, Leanne M. Riley, Cristina Taddei, Kaveh Hajifathalian, Yuan Lu, Stefan Savin, Melanie J. Cowan, Christopher J. Paciore, Adela Chirita-Emandi, Alison J. Hayes, Joanne Katz, Roya Kelishadi, Andre Pascal Kengne, Young-Ho Khang, Avula Laxmaiah, Yanping Li, Jun Ma, J. Jaime Miranda, Aya Mostafa, Martin Neovius, Cristina Padez, Lekhraj Rampal, Aubrianna Zhu, James E. Bennet, Goodarz Danaei, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Majid Ezzati, Leandra Abarca-Gomez, Ziad A. Abdeen, Zargar Abdul Hamid, Niveen M. Abu-Rmeileh, Benjamin Acosta-Cazares, Cecilia Acuin, Robert J. Adams, Wichai Aekplakorn, Kaosar Afsana, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Charles Agyemng, Alireza Ahmadvand, Wolfgang Ahrens, Kamel Ajlouni, Nazgul Akhtaeva, Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa, Amani Rashed Al-Othman, Rajaa Al-Raddadi, Fadia AlBuhairan, Shahla AlDhukai, Mohamed M. Ali, Osman Ali, Ala'a Alkerwi, Mar Alvarez-Pedrerol, Eman Aly, Deepak N. Amarapurkar, Philippe Amouyel, Antoinette Amuzu, Lars Bo Andersen, Sigmund A. Anderssen, Dolores S. Andrade, Lars H. Angquist, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri, Joana Araujo, Inger Arianse, Tahir Aris, Nimmathota Arlappa, Dominique Arveiler, Krishna K. Aryal, Thor Aspelund, Felix K. Assah, Maria Cecilia F. Assuncao, May Soe Aung, Maria Avdicova, Ana Azevedo, Fereidoun Azizi, Bontha V. Babu, Suhad Bahijri, Jennifer L. Baker, Nagalla Balakrishna, Mohamed Bamoshmoosh, Maciej Banach, Piotr Bandosz, Jose R. Banegas, Carlo M. Barbagallo, Alberto Barcelo, Amina Barkat, Aluisio J. D. Barros, Mauro V. G. Barros, Iqbal Bata, Anwar M. Batieha, Rosangela L. Batista, Assembekov Batyrbek, Louise A. Baur, Robert Beaglehole, Habiba Ben Romdhane, Judith Benedics, Mikhail Benet, James E. Bennet, Antonio Bernabe, Gailute Bernotiene, Heloisa Bettiol, Aroor Bhagyalaxmi, Sumit Bharadwaj, Santosh K. Bhargava, Zaid Bhatti, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Hongsheng Bi, Yufang Bi, Anna Biehl, Mukharram Bikbov, Bihungum Bista, Dusko J. Bjelica, Peter Bjerregaard, Espen Bjertnes, Marius B. Bjness, Cecilia Bjorkelund, Anneke Blokstra, Simona Bo, Martin Bobak, Lynne M. Boddy, Bernhard O. Boehm, Heiner Boeing, Jose G. Boggia, Carlos P. Boissonnet, Marialaura Bonaccio, Vanina Bongard, Pascal Bovet, Lien Braeckevelt, Lutgart Braeckman, Marjolijn C. E. Bragt, Imperia Brajkovich, Francesco Branca, Juergen Breckenkamp, Joao Breda, Hermann Brenner, Lizzy M. Brewster, Garry R. Brian, Lacramioara Brinduse, Graziella Bruno, H. B. Bueno-de-Mesquita, Anna Bugge, Marta Buoncristiano, Genc Burazeri, Con Burns, Antonio Cabrera de Leon, Joseph Cacciottolo, Hui Cai, Tilema Cama, Christine Cameron, Jose Camola, Gunay Can, Ana P. C. C. Candido, Mario Capanzana, Vincenzo Capuano, Viviane C. Cardoso, Axel C. Carlsson, Maria J. Carvalho, Felipe F. Casanueva, Juan Pablo Casas, Carmelo A. Caserta, Snehalatha Chamukuttan, Angelique W. Chan, Queenie Chan, Himanshu K. Chaturvedi, Nishi Chaturvedi, Chien-Jen Chen, Fangfang Chen, Huashuai Chen, Shuohua Chen, Zhengming Chen, Ching-Yu Cheng, Angela Chetrit, Ekaterina Chikova-Iscener, Arnaud Chiolero, Shu-Ti Chiou, Maria-Dolores Chirlaque, Belong Cho, Yumi Cho, Kaare Christensen, Diego G. Christofaro, Jerzy Chudek, Renata Cifkova, Eliza Cinteza, Frank Claessens, Els Clays, Hans Concin, Susana C. Confortin, Cyrus Cooper, Rachel Cooper, Tara C. Coppinger, Simona Costanzo, Dominique Cottel, Chris Cowell, Cora L. Craig, Ana B. Crujeiras, Alexandra Cucu, Graziella D'Arrigo, Eleonora d'Orsi, Jean Dallongeville, Albertino Damasceno, Camilla T. Damsgaard, Goodarz Danae, Rachel Dankner, Thomas M. Dantoft, Saeed Dastgiri, Luc Dauchet, Kairat Davletov, Guy De Backer, Dirk De Bacquer, Amalia De Curtis, Giovanni de Gaetano, Stefaan De Henauw, Paula Duarte de Oliveira, Karin De Ridder, Delphine De Smedt, Mohan Deepa, Alexander D. Deev, Abbas Dehghan, Helene Delisle, Francis Delpeuch, Valerie Deschamps, Klodian Dhana, Augusto F. Di Castelnuovo, Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa, Alejandro Diaz, Zivka Dika, Shirin Djalalinia, Ha T. P. Do, Annette J. Dobson, Maria Benedetta Donati, Chiara Donfrancesco, Silvana P. Donoso, Angela Doering, Maria Dorobantu, Ahmad Reza Dorosty, Kouamelan Doua, Wojciech Drygas, Jia Li Duan, Charmaine Duante, Vesselka Duleva, Virginija Dulskiene, Vilnis Dzerve, Elzbieta Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Eruke E. Egbagbe, Robert Eggertsen, Gabriele Eiben, Ulf Ekelund, Jalila El Ati, Paul Elliott, Reina Engle-Stone, Rajiv T. Erasmus, Cihangir Erem, Louise Eriksen, Johan G. Eriksson, Jorge Escobedo, Alun Evans, David Faeh, Caroline H. Fall, Victoria Farrugia Sant'Angelo, Farshad Farzadfar, Francisco J. Felix-Redondo, Trevor S. Ferguson, Romulo A. Fernandes, Daniel Fernandez-Berges, Daniel Ferrante, Marika Ferrari, Catterina Ferreccio, Jean Ferrieres, Joseph D. Finn, Krista Fischer, Eric Monterubio Flores, Bernhard Foeger, Leng Huat Foo, Ann-Sofie Forslund, Maria Forsner, Heba M. Fouad, Damian K. Francis, Maria do Carmo Franco, Oscar H. Franco, Guillermo Frontera, Flavio D. Fuchs, Sandra C. Fuch, Yuki Fujita, Takuro Furusawa, Zbigniew Gaciong, Mihai Gafencu, Daniela Galeone, Fabio Galvano, Manoli Garcia-de-la-Hera, Dickman Gareta, Sarah P. Garnett, Jean-Michel Gaspoz, Magda Gasull, Louise Gates, Harald Geiger, Johanna M. Geleijnse, Anoosheh Ghasemian, Simona Giampaoli, Francesco Gianfagna, Tiffany K. Gill, Jonathan Giovannelli, Aleksander Giwerman, Justyna Godos, Sibel Gogen, Rebecca A. Goldsmith, David Goltzman, Helen Goncalves, Margot Gonzalez-Leon, Juan P. Gonzalez-Rivas, Marcela Gonzalez-Gross, Frederic Gottrand, Antonio Pedro Graca, Sidsel Graff-Iversen, Dusan Grafnetter, Aneta Grajda, Maria G. Grammatikopoulou, Ronald D. Gregor, Tomasz Grodzicki, Anders Grontved, Giuseppe Grosso, Gabriella Gruden, Vera Grujic, Dongfeng Gu, Emanuela Gualdi-Russo, Pilar Guallar-Castillon, Ong Peng Guan, Elias F. Gudmundsson, Vilmundur Gudnason, Ramiro Guerrero, Idris Guessous, Andre L. Guimaraes, Martin C. Gulliford, Johanna Gunnlaugsdottir, Marc Gunter, Xiuhua Guo, Yin Guo, Prakash C. Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Oye Gureje, Beata Gurzkowska, Laura Gutierrez, Felix Gutzwiller, Farzad Hadaegh, Charalambos A. Hadjigeorgiou, Khairil Si-Ramlee, Jytte Halkjaer, Ian R. Hambleton, Rebecca Hardy, Rachakulla Hari Kumar, Maria Hassapidou, Jun Hata, Alison J. Hayes, Jiang He, Regina Heidinger-Felso, Mirjam Heinen, Marleen Elisabeth Hendriks, Ana Henriques, Leticia Hernandez Cadena, Sauli Herrala, Victor M. Herrera, Isabelle Herter-Aeberli, Ramin Heshmat, Ilpo Tapani Hihtaniemi, Sai Yin Ho, Suzanne C. Ho, Michael Hobbs, Albert Hofman, Wilma M. Hopman, Andrea R. V. R. Horimoto, Claudia M. Hormiga, Bernardo L. Horta, Leila Houti, Christina Howitt, Thein Thein Htay, Aung Soe Htet, Maung Maung Than Htike, Yonghua Hu, Jose Maria Huerta, Constanta Huidumac Petrescu, Martijn Huisman, Abdullatif Husseini, Chinh Nguyen Huu, Inge Huybrechts, Nahla Hwalla, Jolanda Hyska, Licia Iacoviello, Anna G. Iannone, Jesus M. Ibarluzea, Mohsen M. Ibrahim, Nayu Ikeda, M. Arfan Ikram, Vilma E. Irazola, Muhammad Islam, Aziz al-Safi Ismail, Vanja Ivkovic, Masanori Iwasaki, Rod T. Jackson, Jeremy M. Jacobs, Hashem Jaddou, Tazeen Jafar, Kazi M. Jamil, Konrad Jamrozik, Imre Janszky, Juel Jarani, Grazyna Jasienska, Ana Jelakovic, Bojan Jelakovic, Garry Jennings, Seung-Lyeal Jeong, Chao Qiang Jiang, Santa Magaly Jimenez-Acosta, Michel Joffres, Mattias Johansson, Jost B. Jonas, Torben Jorgensen, Pradeep Joshi, Dragana P. Jovic, Jacek Jozwiak, Anne Juolevi, Gregor Jurak, Vesna Juresa, Rudolf Kaaks, Anthony Kafatos, Eero O. Kajantie, Ofra Kalter-Leibovici, Nor Azmi Kamaruddin, Efthymios Kapantais, Khem B. Karki, Amir Kasaeian, Joanne Katz, Jussi Kauhanen, Prabhdeep Kaur, Maryam Kavousi, Gyulli Kazakbaeva, Ulrich Keil, Lital Keinan Boker, Sirkka Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Roya Kelishadi, Cecily Kelleher, Han C. G. Kemper, Andre P. Kengne, Alina Kerimkulova, Mathilde Kersting, Timothy Key, Ousef Saleh Khader, Davood Khalili, Young-Ho Khang, Mohammad Khateeb, Kay-Tee Khaw, Ilse M. S. L. Khouw, Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Stefan Kiech, Japhet Killewo, Jeongseon Kim, Yeon-Yong Kim, Jeannette Klimont, Jurate Klumbiene, Michael Knoflach, Bhawesh Koirala, Elin Kolle, Patrick Kolsteren, Paul Korrovits, Jelena Kos, Seppo Koskinen, Katsuyasu Kouda, Viktoria A. Kovacs, Sudhir Kowlessur, Slawomir Koziel, Wolfgang Kratzer, Susi Kriemler, Peter Lund Kristensen, Steinar Krokstad, Daan Kromhout, Herculina S. Kruger, Ruzena Kubinova, Renata Kuciene, Diana Kuh, Urho M. Kujala, Zbigniew Kulaga, R. Krishna Kumar, Marie Kunesova, Pawel Kurjata, Yadlapalli S. Kusuma, Kari Kuulasmaa, Catherine Kyobutungi, Quang Ngoc La, Fatima Zahra Laamiri, Tina Laatikainen, Carl Lachat, Youcef Laid, Tai Hing Lam, Orlando Landrove, Vera Lanska, Georg Lappas, Bagher Larijani, Lars E. Laugsand, Laura Lauria, Avula Laxmaiah, Khanh Le Nguyen Bao, Tuyen D Le, May Antonnette O. Lebanan, Catherine Leclercq, Jeannette Lee, Jeonghee Lee, Terho Lehtimaki, Luz M. Leon-Munoz, Naomi S. Levitt, Yanping Li, Christa L. Lilly, Wei-Yen Lim, M. Fernanda Lima-Costa, Hsien-Ho Lin, Xu Lin, Lars Lind, Allan Linneberg, Lauren Lissner, Mieczyslaw Litwin, Jing Liu, Helle-Mai Loit, Luis Lopes, Roberto Lorbeer, Paulo A. Lotufo, Jose Eugenio Lozano, Dalia Luksiene, Annamari Lundqvist, Nuno Lunet, Per Lytsy, Guansheng Ma, Jun Ma, George L. L. Machado-Coelho, Aristides M. Machado-Rodrigues, Suka Machi, Stefania Maggi, Dianna J. Magliano, Emmanuella Magriplis, Alagappan Mahaletchumy, Bernard Maire, Marjeta Majer, Marcia Makdisse, Reza Malekzadeh, Rahul Malhotra, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao, Sofia Malyutina, Yannis Manios, Jim I. Mann, Enzo Manzato, Paula Margozzini, Anastasia Markaki, Oonagh Markey, Larissa P. Marques, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Jaume Marrugat, Yves Martin-Prevel, Rosemarie Martin, Reynaldo Martorell, Eva Martos, Stefano Marventano, Shariq R. Masoodi, Ellisiv B. Mathiesen, Alicia Matijasevich, Tandi E. Matsha, Artur Mazur, Jean Claude N. Mbanya, Shelly R. McFarlane, Stephen T. McGarvey, Martin McKee, Stela McLac, Rachael M. McLean, Scott B. McLean, Breige A. McNulty, Safiah Md Yusof, Sounnia Mediene-Benchekor, Jurate Medzioniene, Aline Meirhaeghe, Jorgen Meisfjord, Christa Meisinger, Ana Maria B. Menezes, Geetha R. Menon, Gert B. M. Mensink, Indrapal I. Meshram, Andres Metspalu, Haakon E. Meyer, Jie Mi, Kim F. Michaelsen, Nathalie Michels, Kairit Mikkel, Jody C. Miller, Claudia S. Minderico, Juan Francisco Miquel, J. Jaime Miranda, Daphne Mirkopoulou, Erkin Mirrakhimov, Marjeta Misigoj-Durakovic, Antonio Mistretta, Veronica Mocanu, Pietro A. Modesti, Mostafa K. Mohamed, Kazem Mohammad, Noushin Mohammadifard, Viswanathan Mohan, Salim Mohanna, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff, Drude Molbo, Line T. Mollehave, Niels C. Moller, Denes Molnar, Amirabbas Momenan, Charles K. Mondo, Eric A. Monterrubio, Kotsedi Daniel K. Monyeki, Jin Soo Moon, Leila B. Moreira, Alain Morejo, Luis A. Moreno, Karen Morgan, Erik Lykke Mortensen, George Moschonis, Malgorzata Mossakowska, Aya Mostafa, Jorge Mota, Anabela Mota-Pinto, Mohammad Esmaeel Motlag, Jorge Motta, Thet Thet Mu, Magdalena Muc, Maria Lorenza Muiesan, Martina Mueller-Nurasyid, Neil Murphy, Jaakko Mursu, Elaine M. Murtagh, Vera Musil, Iraj Nabipour, Gabriele Nagel, Balkish M. Naidu, Harunobu Nakamura, Jana Namesna, Ei Ei K. Nang, Vinay B. Nangia, Martin Nankap, Sameer Narake, Paola Nardone, Eva Maria Navarrete-Munoz, William A. Neal, Ilona Nenko, Martin Neovius, Flavio Nervi, Chung T. Nguyen, Nguyen D. Nguyen, Quang Ngoc Nguye, Ramfis E. Nieto-Martinez, Guang Ning, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Sania Nishtar, Marianna Noale, Oscar A. Noboa, Teresa Norat, Sawada Norie, Davide Noto, Mohannad Al Nsour, Dermot O'Reilly, Galina Obreja, Eiji Oda, Glenn Oehlers, Kyungwon Oh, Kumiko Ohara, Orn Olafsson, Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto, Isabel O. Oliveira, Maciej Oltarzewski, Mohd Azahadi Omar, Altan Onat, Sok King Ong, Lariane M. Ono, Pedro Ordunez, Rui Ornelas, Ana P. Ortiz, Merete Osler, Clive Osmond, Sergej M. Ostojic, Afshin Ostovar, Johanna A. Otero, Kim Overvad, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Fred Michel Paccaud, Cristina Padez, Elena Pahomova, Andrzej Pajak, Domenico Palli, Alberto Palloni, Luigi Palmieri, Wen-Harn Pan, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Arvind Pandey, Francesco Panza, Dimitrios Papandreou, Soon-Woo Park, Winsome R. Parnell, Mahboubeh Parsaeian, Ionela M. Pascanu, Nikhil D. Patel, Ivan Pecin, Mangesh S. Pednekar, Nasheeta Peer, Petra H. Peeters, Sergio Viana Peixoto, Markku Peltonen, Alexandre C. Pereira, Napoleon Perez-Farinos, Cynthia M. Perez, Annette Peters, Janina Petkeviciene, Ausra Petrauskiene, Niloofar Peykari, Son Thai Pham, Daniela Pierannunzio, Iris Pigeo, Hynek Pikhart, Aida Pilav, Lorenza Pilotto, Francesco Pistelli, Freda Pitakaka, Aleksandra Piwonska, Pedro Plans-Rubio, Bee Koon Poh, Hermann Pohlabeln, Raluca M. Pop, Stevo R. Popovic, Miquel Porta, Marileen L. P. Portegies, Georg Posch, Dimitrios Poulimeneas, Hamed Pouraram, Akram Pourshams, Hossein Poustchi, Rajendra Pradeepa, Mathur Prashant, Jacqueline F. Price, Jardena J. Puder, Iveta Pudule, Maria Puiu, Margus Punab, Radwan F. Qasrawi, Mostafa Qorbani, Tran Quoc Bao, Ivana Radic, Ricardas Radisauskas, Mahfuzar Rahman, Mahmudur Rahman, Olli Raitakari, Manu Raj, Sudha Ramachandra Rao, Ambady Ramachandran, Jacqueline Ramke, Elisabete Ramos, Rafel Ramos, Lekhraj Rampal, Sanjay Rampal, Ramon A. Rascon-Pacheco, Josep Redon, Paul Ferdinand M. Reganit, Lourdes Ribas-Barba, Robespierre Ribeiro, Elio Riboli, Fernando Rigo, Tobias F. Rinke de Wit, Ana Rito, Raphael M. Ritti-Dias, Juan A. Rivera, Sian M. Robinson, Cynthia Robitaille, Daniela Rodrigues, Fernando Rodriguez-Artalejo, Maria del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Laura A. Rodriguez-Villamizar, Rosalba Rojas-Martinez, Nipa Rojroongwasinkul, Dora Romaguera, Kimmo Ronkainen, Annika Rosengren, Ian Rouse, Joel G. R. Roy, Adolfo Rubinstein, Frank J. Ruhli, Blanca Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Paola Russo, Marcin Rutkowski, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Harshpal S. Sachdev, Olfa Saidi, Benoit Salanave, Eduardo Salazar Martinez, Diego Salmeron, Veikko Salomaa, Jukka T. Salonen, Massimo Salvetti, Jose Sanchez-Abanto, Sandjaja, Susana Sans, Loreto Santa Marina, Diana A. Santos, Ina S. Santos, Osvaldo Santos, Renata Nunes dos Santos, Rute Santos, Jouko L. Saramies, Luis B. Sardinha, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Kai-Uwe Saum, Savvas Savva, Mathilde Savy, Marcia Scazufca, Angelika Schaffrath Rosario, Herman Schargrodsky, Anja Schienkiewitz, Sabine Schipf, Carsten O. Schmidt, Ida Maria Schmidt, Constance Schultsz, Aletta E. Schutte, Aye Aye Sein, Abhijit Sen, Idowu O. Senbanjo, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Luis Serra-Majem, Svetlana A. Shalnova, Sanjib K. Sharma, Jonathan E. Shaw, Kenji Shibuya, Dong Wook Shin, Youchan Shin, Rahman Shiri, Alfonso Siani, Rosalynn Siantar, Abla M. Sibai, Antonio M. Silva, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Mary Simon, Judith Simons, Leon A. Simons, Agneta Sjoberg, Michael Sjostrom, Sine Skovbjerg, Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer, Przemyslaw Slusarczyk, Liam Smeeth, Margaret C. Smith, Marieke B. Snijder, Hung-Kwan So, Eugene Sobngwi, Stefan Soderberg, Moesijanti Y. E. Soekatri, Vincenzo Solfrizzi, Emily Sonestedt, Yi Song, Thorkild I. A. Sorensen, Maroje Soric, Charles Sossa Jerome, Aicha Soumare, Angela Spinelli, Igor Spiroski, Jan A. Staessen, Hanspeter Stamm, Gregor Starc, Maria G. Stathopoulou, Kaspar Staub, Bill Stavreski, Jostein Steene-Johannessen, Peter Stehle, Aryeh D. Stein, George S. Stergiou, Jochanan Stessman, Jutta Stieber, Doris Stockl, Tanja Stocks, Jakub Stokwisze, Gareth Stratton, Karien Stronks, Maria Wany Strufaldi, Ramon Suarez-Medina, Chien-An Sun, Johan Sundstrom, Yn-Tz Sung, Jordi Sunyer, Paibul Suriyawongpaisa, Boyd A. Swinburn, Rody G. Sy, Lucjan Szponar, E. Shyong Tai, Mari-Liis Tammesoo, Abdonas Tamosiunas, Eng Joo Tan, Xun Tang, Frank Tanser, Yong Tao, Mohammed Rasoul Tarawneh, Jakob Tarp, Carolina B. Tarqui-Mamani, Oana-Florentina Tautu, Radka Taxova Braunerova, Anne Taylor, Felicite Tchibindat, Holger Theobald, Xenophon Theodoridis, Lutgarde Thijs, Betina H. Thuesen, Anne Tjonneland, Hanna K. Tolonen, Janne S. Tolstrup, Murat Topbas, Roman Topor-Madry, Maria Jose Tormo, Michael J. Tornaritis, Maties Torrent, Stefania Toselli, Pierre Traissac, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Antonia Trichopoulou, Oanh T. H. Trinh, Atul Trivedi, Lechaba Tshepo, Maria Tsigga, Shoichiro Tsugane, Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid, Fikru Tullu, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Maria L. Turley, Per Tynelius, Themistoklis Tzotzas, Christophe Tzourio, Peter Ueda, Eunice E. Ugel, Flora A. M. Ukoli, Hanno Ulmer, Belgin Unal, Hannu M. T. Uusitalo, Gonzalo Valdivia, Susana Vale, Damaskini Valvi, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Koen Van Herck, Hoang Van Minh, Lenie van Rossem, Natasja M. Van Schoor, Irene G. M. van Valkengoed, Dirk Vanderschueren, Diego Vanuzzo, Lars Vatten, Tomas Vega, Toomas Veidebaum, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez, Biruta Velika, Giovanni Veronesi, W. M. Monique Verschuren, Cesar G. Victora, Giovanni Viegi, Lucie Viet, Eira Viikari-Juntura, Paolo Vineis, Jesus Vioque, Jyrki K. Virtanen, Sophie Visvikis-Siest, Bharathi Viswanathan, Tiina Vlasoff, Peter Vollenweider, Henry Voelzke, Sari Voutilainen, Martine Vrijheid, Alisha N. Wade, Aline Wagner, Thomas Waldhor, Janette Walton, Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud, Rildo S. Wanderley, Ming-Dong Wang, Qian Wan, Ya Xing Wang, S. Goya Wannamethee, Nicholas Wareham, Adelheid Weber, Niels Wedderkopp, Deepa Weerasekera, Peter H. Whincup, Kurt Widhalm, Indah S. Widyahening, Andrzej Wiecek, Alet H. Wijga, Rainford J. Wilks, Johann Willeit, Peter Willeit, Tom Wilsgaard, Bogdan Wojtyniak, Roy A. Wong-McClure, Justin Y. Y. Wong, Jyh Eiin Wong, Tien Yin Wong, Jean Woo, Mark Woodward, Frederick C. Wu, Jianfeng Wu, Shouling Wu, Haiquan Xu, Liang Xu, Uruwan Yamborisut, Weili Yan, Xiaoguang Yang, Nazan Yardim, Xingwang Ye, Panayiotis K. Yiallouros, Agneta Yngve, Akihiro Yoshihara, Qi Sheng You, Novie O. Younger-Coleman, Faudzi Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli M. Yusoff, Luciana Zaccagni, Vassilis Zafiropulos, Ahmad A. Zainuddin, Sabina Zambon, Antonis Zampelas, Hana Zamrazilova, Tomasz Zdrojewski, Yi Zeng, Dong Zhao, Wenhua Zhao, Wei Zheng, Yingfeng Zheng, Bekbolat Zholdin, Maigeng Zhou, Dan Zhu, Baurzhan Zhussupov, Esther Zimmermann, Julio Zuniga Cisneros

LANCET 390 ( 10113 ) 2627 - 2642 2017.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC

Background Underweight, overweight, and obesity in childhood and adolescence are associated with adverse health consequences throughout the life-course. Our aim was to estimate worldwide trends in mean body-mass index (BMI) and a comprehensive set of BMI categories that cover underweight to obesity in children and adolescents, and to compare trends with those of adults.
Methods We pooled 2416 population-based studies with measurements of height and weight on 128.9 million participants aged 5 years and older, including 31.5 million aged 5-19 years. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2016 in 200 countries for mean BMI and for prevalence of BMI in the following categories for children and adolescents aged 5-19 years: more than 2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference for children and adolescents (referred to as moderate and severe underweight hereafter), 2 SD to more than 1 SD below the median (mild underweight), 1 SD below the median to 1 SD above the median (healthy weight), more than 1 SD to 2 SD above the median (overweight but not obese), and more than 2 SD above the median (obesity).
Findings Regional change in age-standardised mean BMI in girls from 1975 to 2016 ranged from virtually no change (-0.01 kg/m (2) per decade; 95% credible interval -0.42 to 0.39, posterior probability [PP] of the observed decrease being a true decrease= 0.5098) in eastern Europe to an increase of 1.00 kg/m(2) per decade (0.69-1.35, PP> 0.9999) in central Latin America and an increase of 0.95 kg/m (2) per decade (0.64-1.25, PP> 0.9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. The range for boys was from a non-significant increase of 0.09 kg/m(2) per decade (-0.33 to 0.49, PP= 0.6926) in eastern Europe to an increase of 0.77 kg/m (2) per decade (0.50-1.06, PP> 0.9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. Trends in mean BMI have recently flattened in northwestern Europe and the high-income English-speaking and Asia-Pacific regions for both sexes, southwestern Europe for boys, and central and Andean Latin America for girls. By contrast, the rise in BMI has accelerated in east and south Asia for both sexes, and southeast Asia for boys. Global age-standardised prevalence of obesity increased from 0.7% (0.4-1.2) in 1975 to 5.6% (4.8-6.5) in 2016 in girls, and from 0.9% (0.5-1.3) in 1975 to 7.8% (6.7-9.1) in 2016 in boys; the prevalence of moderate and severe underweight decreased from 9.2% (6.0-12.9) in 1975 to 8.4% (6.8-10.1) in 2016 in girls and from 14.8% (10.4-19.5) in 1975 to 12.4% (10.3-14.5) in 2016 in boys. Prevalence of moderate and severe underweight was highest in India, at 22.7% (16.7-29.6) among girls and 30.7% (23.5-38.0) among boys. Prevalence of obesity was more than 30% in girls in Nauru, the Cook Islands, and Palau; and boys in the Cook Islands, Nauru, Palau, Niue, and American Samoa in 2016. Prevalence of obesity was about 20% or more in several countries in Polynesia and Micronesia, the Middle East and north Africa, the Caribbean, and the USA. In 2016, 75 (44-117) million girls and 117 (70-178) million boys worldwide were moderately or severely underweight. In the same year, 50 (24-89) million girls and 74 (39-125) million boys worldwide were obese.
Interpretation The rising trends in children's and adolescents' BMI have plateaued in many high-income countries, albeit at high levels, but have accelerated in parts of Asia, with trends no longer correlated with those of adults.

DOI： 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32129-3

刺激唾液分泌量低下と総死亡率との関連地域在住高齢者における10年間のコホート研究

佐藤美寿々, 岩崎正則, 伊藤加代子, 濃野要, 葭原明弘, 宮崎秀夫

老年歯科医学 32 ( 2 ) 159 - 160 2017.9

地域在住高齢者における最大咬合力とフレイルとの関連 5年間の前向きコホート研究

岩崎正則, 葭原明弘, 佐藤直子[五十嵐], 佐藤美寿々, 安細敏弘, 小野高裕, 宮崎秀夫

老年歯科医学 32 ( 2 ) 134 - 135 2017.9

刺激唾液分泌量低下と総死亡率との関連地域在住高齢者における10年間のコホート研究

佐藤美寿々, 岩崎正則, 伊藤加代子, 濃野要, 葭原明弘, 宮崎秀夫

日本老年歯科医学会総会・学術大会プログラム・抄録集 28回 155 - 155 2017.6

地域在住高齢者における最大咬合力とフレイルとの関連 5年間の前向きコホート研究

岩崎正則, 葭原明弘, 佐藤直子, 佐藤美寿々, 安細敏弘, 小野高裕, 宮崎秀夫

日本老年歯科医学会総会・学術大会プログラム・抄録集 28回 131 - 131 2017.6

Relationship between renal function and periodontal disease in community-dwelling elderly women with different genotypes

Akihiro Yoshihara, Noriko Sugita, Masanori Iwasaki, Yanming Wang, Hideo Miyazaki, Hiromasa Yoshie, Kazutoshi Nakamura

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY 44 ( 5 ) 484 - 489 2017.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine the association between periodontal disease and renal function in elderly women with different genotypes.
Material and MethodsA total of 332 postmenopausal never-smoking women were analysed. Poor renal function was defined as serum cystatin C>0.91mg/l. Periodontal disease markers such as periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) were evaluated. Selected variables, including PISA quartile, body mass index (BMI), HbA1C and age in Arg allele carriers and non-carriers based on the beta-3 adrenergic receptor, or between Ala allele carriers and non-carriers based on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, were analysed using multiple logistic regression analysis.
ResultsThe odds ratios of serum cystatin C level and PISA (fourth quartile) were significantly positive for both Arg (2.52; p=0.035) and Ala allele non-carriers (2.36; p=0.021). A significant association was also found between serum cystatin C level and BMI for both Arg (1.18; p=0.001) and Ala allele non-carriers (1.12; p=0.003).
ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that periodontal inflammation might be associated with renal function. Furthermore, in both the Arg and Ala allele non-carriers, the associations between BMI and PISA for renal function became stronger.

DOI： 10.1111/jcpe.12708

Malnutrition and Oral Disease in the Elderly––Is There Any Bidirectional Relationship?

Masanori Iwasaki, Misuzu Sato, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki

Current Oral Health Reports 4 ( 2 ) 70 - 78 2017.4

地域高齢者における平衡機能と口腔機能の関連

小田島あゆ子, 葭原明弘, 石上和男, 笹嶋真嵩, 野々村絢子, 宮崎秀夫

口腔衛生学会雑誌 67 ( 増刊 ) 117 - 117 2017.4

地域在住高齢者における健康習慣と歯の喪失・歯周病リスクの関連

岩崎正則, 葭原明弘, 佐藤美寿々, 安細敏弘, 宮崎秀夫

口腔衛生学会雑誌 67 ( 増刊 ) 116 - 116 2017.4

Current status of tooth loss and relationship between the use of dentures and activities of daily living in individuals with mental retardation Reviewed

米澤大輔, 石川裕子, 葭原明弘

日本歯科衛生学会雑誌 11 ( 2 ) 32 - 39 2017.2

Association between tooth loss and medical costs related to stroke in healthy older adults aged over 75 years in Japan

Masanori Iwasaki, Misuzu Sato, Akihiro Yoshihara, Toshihiro Ansai, Hideo Miyazaki

GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 17 ( 2 ) 202 - 210 2017.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY

AimGrowing evidence suggests that tooth loss is associated with increased risk of stroke. In the current study, we investigated cumulative medical costs related to stroke using data from the Advanced Elderly Medical Service System. We hypothesized that tooth loss was associated with an increase in medical costs related to stroke among older Japanese adults.
MethodsA total of 273 Japanese adults aged 80 years were enrolled in the current study. Baseline medical and dental examinations were carried out in June 2008. Medical care use and costs were monitored by linkage with National Health Insurance claim files from baseline to the end of February 2011. Medical costs related to stroke per month were calculated and examined for any association with the baseline number of remaining teeth using a linear regression model with robust standard errors.
ResultsA total of 19 individuals were admitted to hospital for stroke during the follow-up period. A significant negative association was found between the number of teeth and medical costs related to stroke per month. The regression coefficients of the number of teeth in relation to medical costs related to stroke was -248 (95% CI -438 to -58, P=0.011) in the crude model and -226 (95% CI -413 to -38, P=0.018) after adjusting for other confounders.
ConclusionWithin the limitations of the present study, the reported findings suggest an independent relationship of tooth loss with increase in medical cost related to stroke among older Japanese adults. Further studies are necessary to substantiate these findings. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 202-210.

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.12687

Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19.1 million participants Reviewed

Bin Zhou, James Bentham, Mariachiara Di Cesare, Honor Bixby, Goodarz Danaei, Melanie J. Cowan, Christopher J. Paciorek, Gitanjali Singh, Kaveh Hajifathalian, James E. Bennett, Cristina Taddei, Ver Bilano, Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco, Shirin Djalalinia, Shahab Khatibzadeh, Charles Lugero, Niloofar Peykari, Wan Zhu Zhang, Yuan Lu, Gretchen A. Stevens, Leanne M. Riley, Pascal Bovet, Paul Elliott, Dongfeng Gu, Nayu Ikeda, Rod T. Jackson, Michel Joffres, Andre Pascal Kengne, Tiina Laatikainen, Tai Hing Lam, Avula Laxmaiah, Jing Liu, J. Jaime Miranda, Charles K. Mondo, Hannelore K. Neuhauser, Johan Sundstrom, Liam Smeeth, Maroje Soric, Mark Woodward, Majid Ezzati, Leandra Abarca-Gomez, Ziad A. Abdeen, Hanan Abdul Rahim, Niveen M. Abu-Rmeileh, Benjamin Acosta-Cazares, Robert Adams, Wichai Aekplakorn, Kaosar Afsana, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Charles Agyemang, Alireza Ahmadvand, Wolfgang Ahrens, Rajaa Al Raddadi, Rihab Al Woyatan, Mohamed M. Ali, Ala'a Alkerwi, Eman Aly, Philippe Amouyel, Antoinette Amuzu, Lars Bo Andersen, Sigmund A. Anderssen, Lars Angquist, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Daniel Ansong, Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri, Joana Araujo, Inger Ariansen, Tahir Aris, Nimmathota Arlappa, Krishna Aryal, Dominique Arveiler, Felix K. Assah, Maria Cecilia F. Assuncao, Maria Avdicova, Ana Azevedo, Fereidoun Azizi, Bontha V. Babu, Suhad Bahijri, Nagalla Balakrishna, Piotr Bandosz, Jose R. Banegas, Carlo M. Barbagallo, Alberto Barcelo, Amina Barkat, Aluisio J. D. Barros, Mauro V. Barros, Iqbal Bata, Anwar M. Batieha, Louise A. Baur, Robert Beaglehole, Habiba Ben Romdhane, Mikhail Benet, Lowell S. Benson, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Gailute Bernotiene, Heloisa Bettiol, Aroor Bhagyalaxmi, Sumit Bharadwaj, Santosh K. Bhargava, Yufang Bi, Mukharram Bikbov, Peter Bjerregaard, Espen Bjertness, Cecilia Bjokelund, Anneke Blokstra, Simona Bo, Martin Bobak, Heiner Boeing, Jose G. Boggia, Carlos P. Boissonnet, Vanina Bongard, Pascal Bovet, Lutgart Braeckman, Imperia Brajkovich, Francesco Branca, Juergen Breckenkamp, Hermann Brenner, Lizzy M. Brewster, Graziella Bruno, H. B. (as) Bueno-de-Mesquita, Anna Bugge, Con Burns, Michael Bursztyn, Antonio Cabrera de Leon, Christine Cameron, Gunay Can, Ana Paula C. Candido, Vincenzo Capuano, Viviane C. Cardoso, Axel C. Carlsson, Maria J. Carvalho, Felipe F. Casanueva, Felipe F. Casanueva, Juan-Pablo Casas, Carmelo A. Caserta, Snehalatha Chamukuttan, Angelique W. Chan, Queenie Chan, Himanshu K. Chaturvedi, Nishi Chaturvedi, Chien-Jen Chen, Fangfang Chen, Huashuai Chen, Shuohua Chen, Zhengming Chen, Ching-Yu Cheng, Imane Cherkaoui Dekkaki, Angela Chetrit, Arnaud Chiolero, Shu-Ti Chiou, Adela Chirita-Emandi, Belong Cho, Yumi Cho, Jerzy Chudek, Renata Cifkova, Frank Claessens, Els Clays, Hans Concin, Cyrus Cooper, Rachel Cooper, Tara C. Coppinger, Simona Costanzo, Dominique Cottel, Chris Cowell, Cora L. Craig, Ana B. Crujeiras, Juan J. Cruz, Graziella D'Arrigo, Eleonora d'Orsi, Jean Dallongeville, Albertino Damasceno, Goodarz Danaei, Rachel Dankner, Thomas M. Dantoft, Luc Dauchet, Guy De Backer, Giovanni de Gaetano, Stefaan De Henauw, Delphine De Smedt, Mohan Deepa, Abbas Dehghan, Helene Delisle, Valerie Deschamps, Klodian Dhana, Augusto F. Di Castelnuovo, Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa, Alejandro Diaz, Ty T. Dickerson, Shirin Djalalinia, Ha T. P. Do, Annette J. Dobson, Chiara Donfrancesco, Silvana P. Donoso, Angela Doering, Kouamelan Doua, Wojciech Drygas, Virginija Dulskiene, Aleksandar Dzakula, Vilnis Dzerve, Elzbieta Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Robert Eggertsen, Ulf Ekelund, Jalila El Ati, Ute Ellert, Paul Elliott, Roberto Elosua, Rajiv T. Erasmus, Cihangir Erem, Louise Eriksen, Jorge Escobedo-de la Pena, Alun Evans, David Faeh, Caroline H. Fall, Farshad Farzadfar, Francisco J. Felix-Redondo, Trevor S. Ferguson, Daniel Fernandez-Berges, Daniel Ferrante, Marika Ferrari, Catterina Ferreccio, Jean Ferrieres, Joseph D. Finn, Krista Fischer, Bernhard Foeger, Leng Huat Foo, Ann-Sofie Forslund, Maria Forsner, Stephen P. Fortmann, Heba M. Fouad, Damian K. Francis, Maria do Carmo Franco, Oscar H. Franco, Guillermo Frontera, Flavio D. Fuchs, Sandra C. Fuchs, Yuki Fujita, Takuro Furusawa, Zbigniew Gaciong, Dickman Gareta, Sarah P. Garnett, Jean-Michel Gaspoz, Magda Gasull, Louise Gates, Diana Gavrila, Johanna M. Geleijnse, Anoosheh Ghasemian, Anup Ghimire, Simona Giampaoli, Francesco Gianfagna, Jonathan Giovannelli, Rebecca A. Goldsmith, Helen Goncalves, Marcela Gonzalez Gross, Juan P. Gonzalez Rivas, Frederic Gottrand, Sidsel Graff-Iversen, Dusan Grafnetter, Aneta Grajda, Ronald D. Gregor, Tomasz Grodzicki, Anders Grontved, Grabriella Gruden, Vera Grujic, Dongfeng Gu, Ong Peng Guan, Vilmundur Gudnason, Ramiro Guerrero, Idris Guessous, Andre L. Guimaraes, Martin C. Gulliford, Johanna Gunnlaugsdottir, Marc Gunter, Prakash C. Gupta, Oye Gureje, Beata Gurzkowska, Laura Gutierrez, Felix Gutzwiller, Farzad Hadaegh, Jytte Halkjaer, Ian R. Hambleton, Rebecca Hardy, Rachakulla Harikumar, Jun Hata, Alison J. Hayes, Jiang He, Marleen Elisabeth Hendriks, Ana Henriques, Leticia Hernandez Cadena, Herqutanto, Sauli Herrala, Ramin Heshmat, Ilpo Tapani Hihtaniemi, Sai Yin Ho, Suzanne C. Ho, Michael Hobbs, Albert Hofman, Gonul Horasan Dinc, Claudia M. Hormiga, Bernardo L. Horta, Leila Houti, Christina Howitt, Thein Thein Htay, Aung Soe Htet, Yonghua Hu, Jose Maria Huerta, Abdullatif S. Husseini, Inge Huybrechts, Nahla Hwalla, Licia Iacoviello, Anna G. Iannone, M. Mohsen Ibrahim, M. Arfan Ikram, Vilma E. Irazola, Muhammad Islam, Vanja Ivkovic, Masanori Iwasaki, Rod T. Jackson, Jeremy M. Jacobs, Tazeen Jafar, Konrad Jamrozik, Imre Janszky, Grazyna Jasienska, Bojan Jelakovic, Chao Qiang Jiang, Mattias Johansson, Jost B. Jonas, Torben Jorgensen, Pradeep Joshi, Anne Juolevi, Gregor Jurak, Vesna Juresa, Rudolf Kaaks, Anthony Kafatos, Ofra Kalter-Leibovici, Nor Azmi Kamaruddin, Amir Kasaeian, Joanne Katz, Jussi Kauhanen, Prabhdeep Kaur, Maryam Kavousi, Gyulli Kazakbaeva, Ulrich Keil, Lital Keinan Boker, Sirkka Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Roya Kelishadi, Han C. G. Kemper, Andre Pascal Kengne, Mathilde Kersting, Timothy Key, Yousef Saleh Khader, Davood Khalili, Young-Ho Khang, Kay-Tee Khaw, Stefan Kiechl, Japhet Killewo, Jeongseon Kim, Jurate Klumbiene, Elin Kolle, Patrick Kolsteren, Paul Korrovits, Seppo Koskinen, Katsuyasu Kouda, Slawomir Koziel, Peter Lund Kristensen, Steinar Krokstad, Daan Kromhout, Herculina S. Kruger, Ruzena Kubinova, Renata Kuciene, Diana Kuh, Urho M. Kujala, Krzysztof Kula, Zbigniew Kulaga, R. Krishna Kumar, Pawel Kurjata, Yadlapalli S. Kusuma, Kari Kuulasmaa, Catherine Kyobutungi, Tiina Laatikainen, Carl Lachat, Orlando Landrove, Vera Lanska, Georg Lappas, Bagher Larijani, Lars E. Laugsand, Avula Laxmaiah, Khanh Le Nguyen Bao, Tuyen D. Le, Catherine Leclercq, Jeannette Lee, Jeonghee Lee, Terho Lehtimaki, Rampal Lekhraj, Luz M. Leon-Munoz, Naomi S. Levitt, Yanping Li, Christa L. Lilly, Wei-Yen Lim, M. Fernanda Lima-Costa, Hsien-Ho Lin, Xu Lin, Allan Linneberg, Lauren Lissner, Mieczyslaw Litwin, Jing Liu, Roberto Lorbeer, Paulo A. Lotufo, Jose Eugenio Lozano, Dalia Luksiene, Annamari Lundqvist, Nuno Lunet, Per Lytsy, Guansheng Ma, Jun Ma, George L. L. Machado-Coelho, Suka Machi, Stefania Maggi, Dianna J. Magliano, Marjeta Majer, Marcia Makdisse, Reza Malekzadeh, Rahul Malhotra, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao, Sofia Malyutina, Yannis Manios, Jim I. Mann, Enzo Manzato, Paula Margozzini, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Jaume Marrugat, Reynaldo Martorell, Ellisiv B. Mathiesen, Alicia Matijasevich, Tandi E. Matsha, Jean Claude N. Mbanya, Anselmo J. Mc Donald Posso, Shelly R. McFarlane, Shelly R. McFarlane, Stephen T. McGarvey, Stela McLachlan, Rachael M. McLean, Breige A. McNulty, Amir Sharifuddin Md Khir, Sounnia Mediene-Benchekor, Jurate Medzioniene, Aline Meirhaeghe, Christa Meisinger, Ana Maria B. Menezes, Geetha R. Menon, Indrapal I. Meshram, Andres Metspalu, Jie Mi, Kairit Mikkel, Jody C. Miller, Juan Francisco Miquel, J. Jaime Miranda, Marjeta Misigoj-Durakovic, Mostafa K. Mohamed, Kazem Mohammad, Noushin Mohammadifard, Viswanathan Mohan, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff, Niels C. Moller, Denes Molnar, Amirabbas Momenan, Charles K. Mondo, Kotsedi Daniel K. Monyeki, Leila B. Moreira, Alain Morejon, Luis A. Moreno, Karen Morgan, George Moschonis, Malgorzata Mossakowska, Aya Mostafa, Jorge Mota, Mohammad Esmaeel Motlagh, Jorge Motta, Maria L. Muiesan, Martina Mueller-Nurasyid, Neil Murphy, Jaakko Mursu, Vera Musil, Gabriele Nagel, Balkish M. Naidu, Harunobu Nakamura, Jana Namsna, Ei Ei K. Nang, Vinay B. Nangia, Sameer Narake, Eva Maria Navarrete-Munoz, Ndeye Coumba Ndiaye, William A. Neal, Ilona Nenko, Flavio Nervi, Hannelore K. Neuhauser, Nguyen D. Nguyen, Quang Ngoc Nguyen, Ramfis E. Nieto-Martinez, Teemu J. Niiranen, Guang Ning, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Sania Nishtar, Marianna Noale, Oscar A. Noboa, Ahmad Ali Noorbala, Teresa Norat, Davide Noto, Mohannad Al Nsour, Dermot O'Reilly, Kyungwon Oh, Maria Teresa A. Olinto, Isabel O. Oliveira, Mohd Azahadi Omar, Altan Onat, Pedro Ordunez, Clive Osmond, Sergej M. Ostojic, Johanna A. Otero, Kim Overvad, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Fred Michel Paccaud, Cristina Padez, Elena Pahomova, Andrzej Pajak, Domenico Palli, Luigi Palmieri, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Francesco Panza, Dimitrios Papandreou, Winsome R. Parnell, Mahboubeh Parsaeian, Ivan Pecin, Mangesh S. Pednekar, Nasheeta Peer, Petra H. Peeters, Sergio Viana Peixoto, Catherine Pelletier, Markku Peltonen, Alexandre C. Pereira, Rosa Marina Perez, Annette Peters, Janina Petkeviciene, Niloofar Peykari, Son Thai Pham, Iris Pigeot, Hynek Pikhart, Aida Pilav, Lorenza Pilotto, Freda Pitakaka, Pedro Plans-Rubio, Maria Polakowska, Ozren Polasek, Miquel Porta, Marileen L. P. Portegies, Akram Pourshams, Rajendra Pradeepa, Mathur Prashant, Jacqueline F. Price, Maria Puiu, Margus Punab, Radwan F. Qasrawi, Mostafa Qorbani, Ivana Radic, Ricardas Radisauskas, Mahfuzar Rahman, Olli Raitakari, Manu Raj, Sudha Ramachandra Rao, Elisabete Ramos, Sanjay Rampal, Daniel A. Rangel Reina, Finn Rasmussen, Josep Redon, Paul Ferdinand M. Reganit, Robespierre Ribeiro, Elio Riboli, Fernando Rigo, Tobias F. Rinke de Wit, Raphael M. Ritti-Dias, Sian M. Robinson, Cynthia Robitaille, Fernando Rodriguez-Artalejo, Laura A. Rodriguez-Villamizar, Rosalba Rojas-Martinez, Annika Rosengren, Adolfo Rubinstein, Ornelas Rui, Blanca Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Andrea R. V. Russo Horimoto, Marcin Rutkowski, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Harshpal S. Sachdev, Olfa Saidi, Sibel Sakarya, Benoit Salanave, Eduardo Salazar Martinez, Diego Salmeron, Veikko Salomaa, Jukka T. Salonen, Massimo Salvetti, Jose Sanchez-Abanto, Susana Sans, Diana Santos, Ina S. Santos, Renata Nunes dos Santos, Rute Santos, Jouko L. Saramies, Luis B. Sardinha, Giselle Sarganas Margolis, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Kai-Uwe Saum, Savvas C. Savva, Marcia Scazufca, Herman Schargrodsky, Ione J. Schneider, Constance Schultsz, Aletta E. Schutte, Abhijit Sen, Idowu O. Senbanjo, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Sanjib K. Sharma, Jonathan E. Shaw, Kenji Shibuya, Dong Wook Shin, Youchan Shin, Rosalynn Siantar, Abla M. Sibai, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Mary Simon, Judith Simons, Leon A. Simons, Michael Sjotrom, Sine Skovbjerg, Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer, Przemyslaw Slusarczyk, Liam Smeeth, Margaret C. Smith, Marieke B. Snijder, Hung-Kwan So, Eugene Sobngwi, Stefan Soderberg, Vincenzo Solfrizzi, Emily Sonestedt, Yi Song, Thorkild I. A. Sorensen, Maroje Soric, Charles Sossa Jerome, Aicha Soumare, Jan A. Staessen, Gregor Starc, Maria G. Stathopoulou, Bill Stavreski, Jostein Steene-Johannessen, Peter Stehle, Aryeh D. Stein, George S. Stergiou, Jochanan Stessman, Jutta Stieber, Doris Stoeckl, Tanja Stocks, Jakub Stokwiszewski, Karien Stronks, Maria Wany Strufaldi, Chien-An Sun, Johan Sundstrom, Yn-Tz Sung, Paibul Suriyawongpaisal, Rody G. Sy, E. Shyong Tai, Mari-Liis Tammesoo, Abdonas Tamosiunas, Line Tang, Xun Tang, Frank Tanser, Yong Tao, Mohammed Rasoul Tarawneh, Carolina B. Tarqui-Mamani, Anne Taylor, Holger Theobald, Lutgarde Thijs, Betina H. Thuesen, Anne Tjonneland, Hanna K. Tolonen, Murat Topbas, Roman Topor-Madry, Maria Jose Tormo, Maties Torrent, Pierre Traissac, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Antonia Trichopoulou, Oanh T. H. Trinh, Atul Trivedi, Lechaba Tshepo, Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen, Maria L. Turley, Per Tynelius, Christophe Tzourio, Peter Ueda, Eunice Ugel, Hanno Ulmer, Hannu M. T. Uusitalo, Gonzalo Valdivia, Damaskini Valvi, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Koen Van Herck, Lenie van Rossem, Irene G. M. van Valkengoed, Dirk Vanderschueren, Diego Vanuzzo, Lars Vatten, Tomas Vega, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez, Giovanni Veronesi, W. M. Monique Verschuren, Roosmarijn Verstraeten, Cesar G. Victora, Lucie Viet, Eira Viikari-Juntura, Paolo Vineis, Jesus Vioque, Jyrki K. Virtanen, Sophie Visvikis-Siest, Bharathi Viswanathan, Peter Vollenweider, Ana Vrdoljak, Martine Vrijheid, Alisha N. Wade, Aline Wagner, Janette Walton, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud, Ming-Dong Wang, Qian Wang, Ya Xing Wang, S. Goya Wannamethee, Nicholas Wareham, Niels Wederkopp, Deepa Weerasekera, Peter H. Whincup, Kurt Widhalm, Indah S. Widyahening, Andrzej Wiecek, Alet H. Wijga, Rainford J. Wilks, Peter Willeit, Emmanuel A. Williams, Tom Wilsgaard, Bogdan Wojtyniak, Tien Yin Wong, Roy A. Wong-McClure, Jean Woo, Mark Woodward, Aleksander Giwercman Wu, Frederick C. Wu, Shou Ling Wu, Haiquan Xu, Weili Yan, Xiaoguang Yang, Xingwang Ye, Panayiotis K. Yiallouros, Akihiro Yoshihara, Novie O. Younger-Coleman, Ahmad F. Yusoff, Sabina Zambon, Tomasz Zdrojewski, Yi Zeng, Dong Zhao, Wenhua Zhao, Yingffeng Zheng, Dan Zhu, Esther Zimmermann, Julio Zuniga Cisneros

LANCET 389 ( 10064 ) 37 - 55 2017.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC

Background Raised blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. We estimated worldwide trends in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of, and number of people with, raised blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher.
Methods For this analysis, we pooled national, subnational, or community population-based studies that had measured blood pressure in adults aged 18 years and older. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2015 in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of raised blood pressure for 200 countries. We calculated the contributions of changes in prevalence versus population growth and ageing to the increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure.
Findings We pooled 1479 studies that had measured the blood pressures of 19.1 million adults. Global age-standardised mean systolic blood pressure in 2015 was 127.0 mm Hg (95% credible interval 125.7-128.3) in men and 122.3 mm Hg (121.0-123.6) in women; age-standardised mean diastolic blood pressure was 78.7 mm Hg (77.9-79.5) for men and 76.7 mm Hg (75.9-77.6) for women. Global age-standardised prevalence of raised blood pressure was 24.1% (21.4-27.1) in men and 20.1% (17.8-22.5) in women in 2015. Mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure decreased substantially from 1975 to 2015 in high-income western and Asia Pacific countries, moving these countries from having some of the highest worldwide blood pressure in 1975 to the lowest in 2015. Mean blood pressure also decreased in women in central and eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and, more recently, central Asia, Middle East, and north Africa, but the estimated trends in these super-regions had larger uncertainty than in high-income super-regions. By contrast, mean blood pressure might have increased in east and southeast Asia, south Asia, Oceania, and sub-Saharan Africa. In 2015, central and eastern Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, and south Asia had the highest blood pressure levels. Prevalence of raised blood pressure decreased in high-income and some middle-income countries; it remained unchanged elsewhere. The number of adults with raised blood pressure increased from 594 million in 1975 to 1.13 billion in 2015, with the increase largely in low-income and middle-income countries. The global increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure is a net effect of increase due to population growth and ageing, and decrease due to declining age-specific prevalence.
Interpretation During the past four decades, the highest worldwide blood pressure levels have shifted from high-income countries to low-income countries in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa due to opposite trends, while blood pressure has been persistently high in central and eastern Europe.
Funding Wellcome Trust. Copyright (C) The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY license.

DOI： 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31919-5

Malnutrition and oral disease in the elderly – is there any bidirectional relationship? Invited Reviewed

Masanori Iwasaki, Misuzu Sato, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki

Current Oral Health Reports 4 ( 2 ) 70 - 78 2017

Do Community-dwelling 75-year-old People with 20 or More Teeth Have a Healthy Dietary Pattern?

KIMURA Hideki, WATANABE Tomoko, SUZUKI Ayuho, IWASAKI Masanori, YOSHIHARA Akihiro, OGAWA Hiroshi, MIYAZAKI Hideo

JOURNAL OF DENTAL HEALTH 67 ( 3 ) 172 - 180 2017

Language：Japanese Publisher：Japanese Society for Oral Health

<p>The oral health of elderly people is not only important in the maintenance of solid nutrition and articulation but also for their quality of life (QOL). The presence of ≥20 teeth is one of the criteria in the maintenance of the oral function and general health. In 2015, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan announced the guideline called "Healthy Diet", which supports the longevity of Japanese people. We examined the association between the presence of ≥20 teeth and healthy diet among 75-year-old people. This study included 338 people aged 75 years who participated in the Niigata Elderly Study (2003), in which oral examination, medical checkup, and a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ) survey had been carried out. A healthy dietary pattern was defined according to Japan's healthy diet guideline. The healthy diet assumes that one meal consists of three main dishes: grain dish, fish or meat dish, and vegetable dish. For each dish, there are lower and upper limits on the amount of food consumed per meal. For this reason, we set the per-day lower limit as equal to three times the lower limit for a meal. In this study, the sufficiency group satisfied all three dish divisions (i.e., those who achieved a healthy dietary pattern), and the insufficiency group did not meet at least one dish division. The association between the presence of ≥20 teeth and a healthy dietary pattern was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. As a result, individuals with ≥20 teeth had significantly higher odds of having a healthy dietary pattern (adjusted odds ratio, 1.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.1–2.6). In conclusion, our results suggest that there is a relationship between the presence of ≥20 teeth and meal patterns in elderly people.</p>

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.67.3_172

Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2017356870

Oral health and depression in older Japanese people

Tomoya Takiguchi, Akihiro Yoshihara, Naoko Takano, Hideo Miyazaki

GERODONTOLOGY 33 ( 4 ) 439 - 446 2016.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between oral dysfunction and depressive symptoms in Japanese community-dwelling seniors.
Materials and methodsParticipants included 351 community-dwelling seniors (189 men, 162 women) aged 77years. During dental examination, teeth and periodontal condition, including number of teeth, number of dental caries, pocket depth and clinical attachment level, were assessed, and unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates were measured. The General Health Questionnaire 30 (GHQ-30) was used to assess depression. The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (TMIG) Index of Competence was used to assess activities of daily living.
ResultsMultiple logistic regression analysis revealed that gender (odds ratio [OR] = 2.3), low unstimulated salivary flow rate (OR = 2.1), Complaint of mouth pain' (OR = 2.4), Complaint of physical disorders' (OR = 2.1), and the total TMIG Index of Competence score (OR = 2.0) were positively associated with the high GHQ-30 score.
ConclusionSubjective and objective oral dryness and oral pain are associated with depressive symptoms.

DOI： 10.1111/ger.12177

Longitudinal association of dentition status with dietary intake in Japanese adults aged 75 to 80 years Reviewed

M. Iwasaki, A. Yoshihara, H. Ogawa, M. Sato, K. Muramatsu, R. Watanabe, T. Ansai, H. Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION 43 ( 10 ) 737 - 744 2016.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Limited information is available on the temporal association between dentition status and dietary intake. The aim of this 5-year prospective cohort study was to investigate whether impaired dentition was associated with subsequent decline in dietary intake in older Japanese adults. Two hundred and eighty-six community-dwelling Japanese individuals, all aged 75 years at baseline, were included in the study. Functional tooth units (FTUs), defined as a pair of opposing natural or prosthetic teeth excluding third molars (range: 0-14), were counted on the basis of baseline dental examinations. Individuals with 5 FTUs were defined as having impaired dentition. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline and 5 years later, using a validated dietary questionnaire. Robust regression analyses were used to evaluate the differences in change in dietary intake between participants with and without impaired functional dentition, after adjustment for potential confounders. Sixty-one study participants (213 %) were defined as having impaired dentition. Overall, mean values for all estimated dietary variables (energy, nutrients and food groups) declined over time. Notably, individuals with impaired dentition demonstrated a significantly (P < 005) greater degree of decline in the intake of multiple nutrients (protein, sodium, potassium, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin E and dietary fibre) and food groups (vegetable and meat) than those without impaired dentition, after adjusting for potential confounders. The results of this study describe the temporal association of impaired dentition with the decline in selected nutrient and food group intake among older Japanese adults.

DOI： 10.1111/joor.12427

Longitudinal relationship of severe periodontitis with cognitive decline in older Japanese Reviewed

M. Iwasaki, A. Yoshihara, Y. Kimura, M. Sato, T. Wada, R. Sakamoto, Y. Ishimoto, E. Fukutomi, W. Chen, H. Imai, M. Fujisawa, K. Okumiya, G. W. Taylor, T. Ansai, H. Miyazaki, K. Matsubayashi

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH 51 ( 5 ) 681 - 688 2016.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Background and Objective: Epidemiologic data examining the longitudinal relationship between periodontitis and cognitive status are very limited, especially in Asian populations. The present study examined the longitudinal relationship of periodontitis with cognitive decline in 85 Japanese community-dwelling individuals (average age: 79.3 years) for whom data were available from comprehensive health examinations conducted in 2010 and 2013.
Material and Methods: Based on a baseline full-mouth periodontal examination, severe periodontitis was defined using a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology definition. Cognitive decline during the 3-year study period was defined using the results of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Information on age, gender, education, depression, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol use, exercise, hypertension, diabetes, history of cardiovascular disease and stroke, and baseline MMSE scores were obtained and tested as potential confounders in the statistical models.
Results: Among 85 study participants, 21 (24.7%) were defined as having severe periodontitis. Multivariable Poisson regression analyses revealed that severe periodontitis was significantly associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline [adjusted relative risk = 2.2; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.1-4.5]. Furthermore, multivariable linear regression analyses revealed that participants with severe periodontitis had a 1.8-point greater decrease (95% CI: -3.3 to -0.2) in MMSE score than those without severe periodontitis.
Conclusion: Within the limitations related to its small sample size, the findings of the present study suggest that severe periodontitis is significantly associated with future decline in cognitive function among community-dwelling older Japanese subjects.

DOI： 10.1111/jre.12348

Cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate and periodontitis

Masanori Iwasaki, George W. Taylor, Misuzu Sato, Kazutoshi Nakamura, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki

GERODONTOLOGY 33 ( 3 ) 328 - 334 2016.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Background and ObjectiveAccumulating evidence suggests that decreased kidney function characterised by low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) may be associated with periodontitis. Recent studies have suggested that the use of cystatin C strengthens the association between the eGFR and the risks of adverse outcomes in decreased kidney function. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association of cystatin C-based eGFR (eGFRcys) and creatinine-based eGFR (eGFRcreat), the commonly used method to assess kidney function, with periodontitis in 502 Japanese women (average age, 68.6years).
Materials and MethodsGFR was estimated from serum cystatin C and serum creatinine, respectively, using the Japanese equation for GFR. Participants were classified into five groups according to their eGFRcys and eGFRcreat values. Poisson regression models with robust error variance assessed the associations of eGFRcys and eGFRcreat with periodontitis. Tests for trends were performed by fitting the five-category eGFR variables in their continuous form to the regression models.
ResultsParticipants with eGFRcys<50ml/min/1.73 m(2) were at significantly higher risk of periodontitis compared with the reference group (90ml/min/1.73m(2)) (adjusted relative risk = 2.12, 95% confidence interval = 1.12 to 4.02). Additionally, there was a trend towards a higher risk of periodontitis among participants with lower eGFRcys values (p for trend in the multivariable model = 0.008). In contrast, eGFRcreat did not show a significant association with periodontitis.
ConclusionThe findings of this study of Japanese older women showed that eGFRcys had a stronger and more linear association with periodontitis than eGFRcreat.

DOI： 10.1111/ger.12159

Bidirectional relationship between renal function and periodontal disease in older Japanese women

Akihiro Yoshihara, Masanori Iwasaki, Hideo Miyazaki, Kazutoshi Nakamura

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY 43 ( 9 ) 720 - 726 2016.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the reciprocal effects of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and periodontal disease.
Material and MethodsA total of 332 postmenopausal never smoking women were enrolled, and their serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, serum osteocalcin and serum cystatin C levels were measured. Poor renal function was defined as serum cystatin C>0.91mg/l. Periodontal disease markers, including clinical attachment level and the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), were also evaluated. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationships between renal function and periodontal disease markers, serum osteocalcin level and hsCRP level. The prevalence-rate ratios (PRRs) on multiple Poisson regression analyses were determined to evaluate the relationships between periodontal disease markers and serum osteocalcin, serum cystatin C and serum hsCRP levels.
ResultsOn logistic regression analysis, PISA was significantly associated with serum cystatin C level. The odds ratio for serum cystatin C level was 2.44 (p=0.011). The PRR between serum cystatin C level and periodontal disease markers such as number of sites with clinical attachment level 6mm was significantly positive (3.12, p<0.001). Similar tendencies were shown for serum osteocalcin level.
ConclusionThis study suggests that CKD and periodontal disease can have reciprocal effects.

DOI： 10.1111/jcpe.12576

Maximum bite force at age 70 years predicts all-cause mortality during the following 13 years in Japanese men Reviewed

M. Iwasaki, A. Yoshihara, N. Sato, M. Sato, G. W. Taylor, T. Ansai, T. Ono, H. Miyazaki

Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 43 ( 8 ) 565 - 574 2016.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Blackwell Publishing Ltd

There is limited information on the impact of oral function on mortality among older adults. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to examine whether an objective measure of oral function, maximum bite force (MBF), is associated with mortality in older adults during a 13-year follow-up period. Five hundred and fifty-nine community-dwelling Japanese (282 men and 277 women) aged 70 years at baseline were included in the study. Medical and dental examinations and a questionnaire survey were conducted at baseline. Maximum bite force was measured using an electronic recording device (Occlusal Force-Meter GM10). Follow-up investigation to ascertain vital status was conducted 13 years after baseline examinations. Survival rates among MBF tertiles were compared using Cox proportional hazards regression models stratified by sex. There were a total of 111 deaths (82 events for men and 29 for women). Univariable analysis revealed that male participants in the lower MBF tertile had increased risk of all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) = 1·94, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1·13–3·34] compared with those in the upper MBF tertile. This association remained significant after adjustment for confounders (adjusted HR = 1·84, 95% CI = 1·07–3·19). Conversely, no association between MBF and all-cause mortality was observed in female participants. Maximum bite force was independently associated with all-cause mortality in older Japanese male adults. These data provide additional evidence for the association between oral function and geriatric health.

DOI： 10.1111/joor.12401

小学校における昼休みを活用した歯みがき指導の効果

高橋明恵, 葭原明弘, 中島俊一, 諏訪間加奈, 宮崎晶子

日本歯科衛生学会雑誌 11 ( 1 ) 90 - 90 2016.8

A century of trends in adult human height Reviewed

James Bentham, Mariachiara Di Cesare, Gretchen A. Stevens, Bin Zhou, Honor Bixby, Melanie Cowan, Lea Fortunato, James E. Bennett, Goodarz Danaei, Kaveh Hajifathalian, Yuan Lu, Leanne M. Riley, Avula Laxmaiah, Vasilis Kontis, Christopher J. Paciorek, Elio Riboli, Majid Ezzati, Ziad A. Abdeen, Zargar Abdul Hamid, Niveen M. Abu-Rmeileh, Benjamin Acosta-Cazares, Robert Adams, Wichai Aekplakorn, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Charles Agyemang, Alireza Ahmadvand, Wolfgang Ahrens, Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa, Amani Rashed Al-Othman, Rajaa Al Raddadi, Mohamed M. Ali, Ala'a Alkerwi, Mar Alvarez-Pedrerol, Eman Aly, Philippe Amouyel, Antoinette Amuzu, Lars Bo Andersen, Sigmund A. Anderssen, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri, Inger Ariansen, Tahir Aris, Nimmathota Arlappa, Dominique Arveiler, Felix K. Assah, Maria Avdicova, Fereidoun Azizi, Bontha V. Babu, Suhad Bahijri, Nagalla Balakrishna, Piotr Bandosz, Jose R. Banegas, Carlo M. Barbagallo, Alberto Barcelo, Amina Barkat, Mauro V. Barros, Iqbal Bata, Anwar M. Batieha, Rosangela L. Batista, Louise A. Baur, Robert Beaglehole, Habiba Ben Romdhane, Mikhail Benet, James E. Bennett, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Gailute Bernotine, Heloisa Bettiol, Aroor Bhagyalaxmi, Sumit Bharadwaj, Santosh K. Bhargava, Zaid Bhatti, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Hongsheng Bi, Yufang Bi, Peter Bjerregaard, Espen Bjertness, Marius B. Bjertness, Cecilia Bjorkelund, Anneke Blokstra, Simona Bo, Martin Bobak, Lynne M. Boddy, Bernhard O. Boehm, Heiner Boeing, Carlos P. Boissonnet, Vanina Bongard, Pascal Bovet, Lutgart Braeckman, Marjolijn C. E. Bragt, Imperia Brajkovich, Francesco Branca, Juergen Breckenkamp, Hermann Brenner, Lizzy M. Brewster, Garry R. Brian, Graziella Bruno, H. B(as) Bueno-de-Mesquita, Anna Bugge, Con Burns, Antonio Cabrera de Leon, Joseph Cacciottolo, Tilema Cama, Christine Cameron, Jose Camolas, Gunay Can, Ana Paula C. Candido, Vincenzo Capuano, Viviane C. Cardoso, Axel C. Carlsson, Maria J. Carvalho, Felipe F. Casanueva, Juan-Pablo Casas, Carmelo A. Caserta, Snehalatha Chamukuttan, Angelique W. Chan, Queenie Chan, Himanshu K. Chaturvedi, Nishi Chaturvedi, Chien-Jen Chen, Fangfang Chen, Huashuai Chen, Shuohua Chen, Zhengming Chen, Ching-Yu Cheng, Angela Chetrit, Arnaud Chiolero, Shu-Ti Chiou, Adela Chirita-Emandi, Belong Cho, Yumi Cho, Kaare Christensen, Jerzy Chudek, Renata Cifkova, Frank Claessens, Els Clays, Hans Concin, Cyrus Cooper, Rachel Cooper, Tara C. Coppinger, Simona Costanzo, Dominique Cottel, Chris Cowell, Cora L. Craig, Ana B. Crujeiras, Graziella D'Arrigo, Eleonora d'Orsi, Jean Dallongeville, Albertino Damasceno, Camilla T. Damsgaard, Goodarz Danaei, Rachel Dankner, Luc Dauchet, Guy De Backer, Dirk De Bacque, Giovanni de Gaetano, Stefaan De Hanauw, Delphine De Smedt, Mohan Deepa, Alexander D. Deev, Abbas Dehghan, Helene Delisle, Francis Delpeuch, Valerie Deschamps, Klodian Dhana, Augusto F. Di Castelnuovo, Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa, Alejandro Diaz, Shirin Djalalinia, Ha T. P. Do, Annette J. Dobson, Chiara Donfrancesco, Silvana P. Donoso, Angela Doering, Kouamelan Doua, Wojciech Drygas, Vilnis Dzerve, Eruke E. Egbagbe, Robert Eggertsen, Ulf Ekelund, Jalila El Ati, Paul Elliott, Reina Engle-Stone, Rajiv T. Erasmus, Cihangir Erem, Loise Eriksen, Jorge Escobedo-de la Pena, Alun Evans, David Faeh, Caroline H. Fall, Farshad Farzadfar, Francisco J. Felix-Redondo, Trevor S. Ferguson, Daniel Fernandez-Berges, Daniel Ferrante, Marika Ferrari, Catterina Ferreccio, Jean Ferrieres, Joseph D. Finn, Krista Fischer, Eric Monterubio Flores, Bernhard Foeger, Leng Huat Foo, Ann-Sofie Forslund, Maria Forsner, Stephen P. Fortmann, Heba M. Francis, Damian K. Francis, Maria do Carmo Franco, Oscar H. Franco, Guillermo Frontera, Flavio D. Fuchs, Sandra C. Fuchs, Yuki Fujita, Takuro Furusawa, Takuro Furusawa, Zbigniew Gaciong, Mihai Gafencu, Dickman Gareta, Sarah P. Garnett, Jean-Michel Gaspoz, Magda Gasull, Louise Gates, Johanna M. Geleijnse, Anoosheh Ghasemian, Simona Giampaoli, Francesco Gianfagna, Jonathan Giovannelli, Aleksander Giwercman, Rebecca A. Goldsmith, Helen Goncalves, Marcela Gonzalez Gross, Juan P. Gonzalez Rivas, Mariano Bonet Gorbea, Frederic Gottrand, Sidsel Graff-Iversen, Dusan Grafnetter, Aneta Grajda, Maria G. Grammatikopoulou, Ronald D. Gregor, Tomasz Grodzicki, Anders Grontved, Grabriella Gruden, Vera Grujic, Dongfeng Gu, Emanuela Gualdi-Russo, Ong Peng Guan, Vilmundur Gudnason, Ramiro Guerrero, Idris Guessous, Andre L. Guimaraes, Martin C. Gulliford, Johanna Gunnlaugsdottir, Marc Gunter, Xiuhua Guo, Yin Guo, Prakash C. Gupta, Oye Gureje, Beata Gurzkowska, Laura Gutierrez, Felix Gutzwiller, Jytte Halkjaer, Ian R. Hambleton, Rebecca Hardy, Rachakulla Hari Kumar, Jun Hata, Alison J. Hayes, Jiang He, Marleen Ekisabeth Hendriks, Leticia Hernandez Cadena, Sauli Herrala, Ramin Heshmat, Ilpo Tapani Hihtaniemi, Sai Yin Ho, Suzanne C. Ho, Michael Hobbs, Albert Hofman, Claudi M. Hormiga, Bernardo L. Horta, Leila Houti, Christina Howitt, Thein Thein Htay, Aung Soe Htet, Maung Maung Than Htike, Yonghua Hu, Abdullatif Husseini, Chinh Nguyen Huu, Inge Huybrechts, Nahla Hwalla, Licia Iacoviello, Anna G. Iannone, Mohsen M. Ibrahim, Nayu Ikeda, M. Arfan Ikram, Vilma E. Irazola, Muhammad Islam, Vanja Ivkovic, Masanori Iwasaki, Rod T. Jackson, Jeremy M. Jacobs, Tazeen Jafar, Kazi M. Jamil, Konrad Jamrozik, Imre Janszky, Grazyna Jasienska, Bojan Jelakovic, Chao Qiang Jiang, Michel Joffres, Mattias Johansson, Jost B. Jonas, Torben Jorgensen, Pradeep Joshi, Anne Juolevi, Gregor Jurak, Vesno Juresa, Rudolf Kaaks, Anthony Kafatos, Ofra Kalter-Leibovici, Efthymios Kapantais, Amir Kasaeian, Joanne Katz, Prabhdeep Kaur, Maryam Kavousi, Ulrich Keil, Lital Keinan Boker, Sirkka Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Roya Kelishadi, Han C. G. Kemper, Andre P. Kengne, Mathilde Kersting, Timothy Key, Yousef Saleh Khader, Davood Khalili, Young-Ho Khang, Kay-Tee H. Khaw, Ilse M. S. L. Khouw, Stefan Kiechl, Japhet Killewo, Jeongseon Kim, Jeannette Klimont, Jurate Klumbiene, Bhawesh Koirala, Elin Kolle, Patrick Kolsteren, Paul Korrovits, Seppo Koskinen, Katsuyasu Kouda, Slawomir Koziel, Wolfgang Kratzer, Steinar Krokstad, Daan Kromhout, Herculina S. Kruger, Ruzena Kubinova, Urho M. Kujala, Krzysztof Kula, Zbigniew Kulaga, R. Krishna Kumar, Pawel Kurjata, Yadlapalli S. Kusuma, Kari Kuulasmaa, Catherine Kyobutungi, Fatima Zahra Laamiri, Tiina Laatikainen, Carl Lachat, Youcef Laid, Tai Hing Lam, Orlando Landrove, Vera Lanska, Georg Lappas, Bagher Larijani, Lars E. Laugsand, Avula Laxmaiah, Khanh Le Nguyen Bao, Tuyen D Le, Catherine Leclercq, Jeannette Lee, Jeonghee Lee, Terho Lehtimaki, Rampal Lekhraj, Luz M. Leon-Munoz, Yanping Li, Christa L. Lilly, Wei-Yen Lim, M. Fernanda Lima-Costa, Hsien-Ho Lin, Xu Lin, Allan Linneberg, Lauren Lissner, Mieczyslaw Litwin, Jing Liu, Roberto Lorbeer, Paulo A. Lotufo, Jose Eugenio Lozano, Dalia Luksiene, Annamari Lundqvist, Nuno Lunet, Guansheng Ma, Jun Ma, George L. L. Machado-Coelho, Suka Machi, Stefania Maggi, Dianna J. Magliano, Bernard Maire, Marcia Makdisse, Reza Malekzadeh, Rahul Malhotra, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao, Sofia Malyutina, Yannis Manios, Jim I. Mann, Enzo Manzato, Paula Margozzini, Oonagh Markey, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Jaume Marrugat, Yves Martin-Prevel, Reynaldo Martorell, Shariq R. Masoodi, Ellisiv B. Mathiesen, Tandi E. Matsha, Artur Mazur, Jean Claude N. Mbanya, Shelly R. McFarlane, Stephen T. McGarvey, Martin McKee, Stela McLachlan, Rachael M. McLean, Breige A. McNulty, Safiah Md Yusof, Sounnia Mediene-Benchekor, Aline Meirhaeghe, Christa Meisinger, Ana Maria B. Menezes, Gert B. M. Mensink, Indrapal I. Meshram, Andres Metspalu, Jie Mi, Kim F. Michaelsen, Kairit Mikkel, Jody C. Miller, Juan Francisco Miquel, J. Jaime Miranda, Marjeta Misigoj-Durakovic, Mostafa K. Mohamed, Kazem Mohammad, Noushin Mohammadifard, Viswanathan Mohan, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff, Drude Molbo, Niels C. Moller, Denes Molnar, Charles K. Mondo, Eric A. Monterrubio, Kotsedi Daniel K. Monyeki, Leila B. Moreira, Alain Morejon, Luis A. Moreno, Karen Morgan, Erik Lykke Mortensen, George Moschonis, Malgorzata Mossakowska, Aya Mostafa, Jorge Mota, Mohammad Esmaeel Motlagh, Jorge Motta, Thet Thet Mu, Maria Lorenza Muiesan, Martina Mueller-Nurasyid, Neil Murphy, Jaakko Mursu, Elaine M. Murtagh, Kamarul Imran Musa, Vera Musil, Gabriele Nagel, Harunobu Nakamura, Jana Namesna, Ei Ei K. Nang, Vinay B. Nangia, Martin Nankap, Sameer Narake, Eva Maria Navarrete-Munoz, William A. Neal, Ilona Nenko, Martin Neovius, Flavio Nervi, Hannelore K. Neuhauser, Nguyen D. Nguyen, Quang Ngoc Nguyen, Ramfis E. Nieto-Martinez, Guang Ning, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Sania Nishtar, Marianna Noale, Teresa Norat, Davide Noto, Mohannad Al Nsour, Dermot O'Reilly, Kyungwon Oh, Iman H. Olayan, Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto, Maciej Oltarzewski, Mohd A. Omar, Altan Onat, Pedro Ordunez, Ana P. Ortiz, Merete Osler, Clive Osmond, Sergej M. Ostojic, Johanna A. Otero, Kim Overvad, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Fred Michel Paccaud, Cristina Padez, Elena Pahomova, Andrzej Pajak, Domenico Palli, Alberto Palloni, Luigi Palmieri, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Francesco Panza, Winsome R. Parnell, Mahboubeh Parsaeian, Ivan Pecin, Mangesh S. Pednekar, Petra H. Peeters, Sergio Viana Peixoto, Markku Peltonen, Alexandre C. Pereira, Cynthia M. Perez, Annette Peters, Janina Petkeviciene, Niloofar Peykari, Son Thai Pham, Iris Pigeot, Hynek Pikhart, Aida Pilav, Lorenza Pilotto, Francesco Pistelli, Freda Pitakaka, Aleksandra Piwonska, Pedro Plans-Rubio, Bee Koon Poh, Miquel Porta, Marileen L. P. Portegies, Dimitrios Poulimeneas, Rajendra Pradeepa, Mathur Prashant, Jacqueline F. Price, Maria Puiu, Margus Punab, Radwan F. Qasrawi, Mostafa Qorbani, Tran Quoc Bao, Ivana Radic, Ricardas Radisauskas, Mahmudur Rahman, Olli Raitakari, Manu Raj, Sudha Ramachandra Rao, Ambady Ramachandran, Jacqueline Ramke, Rafel Ramos, Sanjay Rampal, Finn Rasmussen, Josep Redon, Paul Ferdinand M. Reganit, Robespierre Ribeiro, Elio Riboli, Fernando Rigo, Tobias F. Rinke de Wit, Raphael M. Ritti-Dias, Juan A. Rivera, Sian M. Robinson, Cynthia Robitaille, Fernando Rodri-guez-Artalejo, Maria del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Laura A. Rodriguez-Villamizar, Rosalba Rojas-Martinez, Nipa Rojroongwasinkul, Dora Romaguera, Kimmo Ronkainen, Annika Rosengren, Ian Rouse, Adolfo Rubinstein, Frank J. Ruhli, Ornelas Rui, Blanca Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Andrea R. V. Russo Horimoto, Marcin Rutkowski, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Harshpal S. Sachdev, Olfa Saidi, Benoit Salanave, Eduardo Salazar Martinez, Veikko Salomaa, Jukka T. Salonen, Massimo Salvetti, Jose Sanchez-Abanto, Sandjaja, Susana Sans, Diana A. Santos, Osvaldo Santos, Renata Nunes dos Santos, Rute Santos, Jouko L. Saramies, Luis B. Sardinha, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Kai-Uwe Saum, Savvas C. Savva, Marcia Scazufca, Angelika Schaffrath Rosario, Herman Schargrodsky, Anja Schienkiewitz, Ida Maria Schmidt, Ione J. Schneider, Constance Schultsz, Aletta E. Schutte, Aye Aye Sein, Abhijit Sen, Idowu O. Senbanjo, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Svetlana A. Shalnova, Sanjib K. Sharma, Jonathan E. Shaw, Kenji Shibuya, Dong Wook Shin, Youchan Shin, Rahman Shiri, Rosalynn Siantar, Abla M. Sibai, Antonio M. Silva, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Mary Simon, Judith Simons, Leon A. Simons, Michael Sjostrom, Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer, Przemyslaw Slusarczyk, Liam Smeeth, Margaret C. Smith, Marieke B. Snijder, Hung-Kwan So, Eugene Sobngwi, Stefan Soderberg, Moesijanti Y. E. Soekatri, Vincenzo Solfrizzi, Emily Sonestedt, Yi Song, Thorkild I. A. Sorensen, Maroje Soric, Charles Sossa Jerome, Aicha Soumare, Jan A. Staessen, Gregor Starc, Maria G. Stathopoulou, Kaspar Staub, Bill Stavreski, Jostein Steene-Johannessen, Peter Stehle, Aryeh D. Stein, George S. Stergiou, Jochanan Stessman, Jutta Stieber, Doris Stoeckl, Tanja Stocks, Jakub Stokwiszewski, Gareth Stratton, Karien Stronks, Maria Wany Strufaldi, Chien-An Sun, Johan Sundstroem, Yn-Tz Sung, Jordi Sunyer, Paibul Suriyawongpaisal, Boyd A. Swinburn, Rody G. Sy, Lucjan Szponar, E. Shyong Tai, Mari-Liis Tammesoo, Abdonas Tamosiunas, Line Tang, Xun Tang, Frank Tanser, Yong Tao, Mohammed Rasoul Tarawneh, Jakob Tarp, Carolina B. Tarqui-Mamani, Anne Taylor, Felicite Tchibindat, Holger Theobald, Lutgarde Thijs, Betina H. Thuesen, Anne Tjonneland, Hanna K. Tolonen, Janne S. Tolstrup, Murat Topbas, Roman Topor-Madry, Maties Torrent, Stefania Toselli, Pierre Traissac, Antonia Trichopoulou, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Oanh T. H. Trinh, Atul Trivedi, Lechaba Tshepo, Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Maria L. Turley, Per Tynelius, Themistoklis Tzotzas, Christophe Tzourio, Peter Ueda, Flora A. M. Ukoli, Hanno Ulmer, Belgin Unal, Hannu M. T. Uusitalo, Gonzalo Valdivia, Susana Vale, Damaskini Valvi, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Koen Van Herck, Hoang Van Minh, Lenie van Rossem, Irene G. M. van Valkengoed, Dirk Vanderschueren, Diego Vanuzzo, Lars Vatten, Tomas Vega, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez, Giovanni Veronesi, W. M. Monique Verschuren, Roosmarijn Verstraeten, Cesar G. Victora, Giovanni Viegi, Lucie Viet, Eira Viikari-Juntura, Paolo Vineis, Jesus Vioque, Jyrki K. Virtanen, Sophie Visvikis-Siest, Bharathi Viswanathan, Peter Vollenweider, Sari Voutilainen, Ana Vrdoljak, Martine Vrijheid, Alisha N. Wade, Aline Wagner, Janette Walton, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud, Ming-Dong Wang, Qian Wang, Ya Xing Wang, S. Goya Wannamethee, Nicholas Wareham, Deepa Weerasekera, Peter H. Whincup, Kurt Widhalm, Indah S. Widyahening, Andrzej Wiecek, Alet H. Wijga, Rainford J. Wilks, Johann Willeit, Tom Wilsgaard, Bogdan Wojtyniak, Jyh Eiin Wong, Tien Yin Wong, Jean Woo, Mark Woodward, Frederick C. Wu, Jianfeng Wu, Shou Ling Wu, Haiquan Xu, Liang Xu, Uruwan Yamborisut, Weili Yan, Xiaoguang Yang, Nazan Yardim, Xingwang Ye, Panayiotis K. Yiallouros, Akihiro Yoshihara, Qi Sheng You, Novie O. Younger-Coleman, Ahmad F. Yusoff, Ahmad A. Zainuddin, Sabina Zambon, Tomasz Zdrojewski, Yi Zeng, Dong Zhao, Wenhua Zhao, Yingfeng Zheng, Maigeng Zhou, Dan Zhu, Esther Zimmermann, Julio Zuniga Cisneros

ELIFE 5 2016.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELIFE SCIENCES PUBLICATIONS LTD

Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.

DOI： 10.7554/eLife.13410

Association between periodontitis and medical expenditure in older adults: A 33-month follow-up study

Misuzu Sato, Masanori Iwasaki, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki

GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 16 ( 7 ) 856 - 864 2016.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Aim: Along with rapid aging, medical expenditure for older adults has been increasing in Japan. Research has shown that periodontitis is a useful predictor for excess medical expenditure; however, limited information is available on the elderly population after adequately considering confounding factors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between periodontitis and long-term medical expenditure in elderly Japanese.
Methods: Baseline health and periodontal examinations were carried out in June 2008. Japanese adults (n = 245) aged 80 years were classified into quartiles based on periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), which quantifies the degree of periodontal inflammation. Medical care use and costs were monitored by assessment of the National Health Insurance claim files from the baseline survey through the end of February 2011. Multivariable analysis of the differences in medical expenditure among PISA quartiles was carried out using linear regression with robust standard errors.
Results: The participants in the fourth (with the largest PISA) and third quartiles had significantly higher inpatient medical expenditure compared with those of the first quartile (P < 0.01 and = 0.04, respectively). Participants in the fourth quartile had significantly higher total medical expenditure (P < 0.01) compared with the first quartile. A trend was observed of higher inpatient and total medical expenditure with increasing PISA.
Conclusions: A significant association was found between periodontitis and future increase in medical expenditure, suggesting that periodontitis might be a modifiable factor for the reduction of excess medical expenditure among elderly Japanese.

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.12569

Ten-year longitudinal study on the state of dentition and subjective masticatory ability in community-dwelling elderly people

Naoko Sato, Takahiro Ono, Haruka Kon, Naoki Sakurai, Shoji Kohno, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF PROSTHODONTIC RESEARCH 60 ( 3 ) 177 - 184 2016.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD

Purpose:' The aim of this study was to reveal whether the differences in further loss of teeth and occlusal supports, and change in masticatory ability depend on the status of dentition at the age of 70 in community-dwelling elderly people.
Methods: A 10-year longitudinal survey was carried out on 349 (176 females and 173 males) elderly subjects. The subjects to be analyzed were classified into four groups in accordance with the classifications of Miyachi's Triangular Classification. Zone A: subjects with ten or more occlusal supports. Zone B: those with nine to five occlusal supports. Zone D: those with four or fewer occlusal supports and 11 or more remaining teeth. Zone C: those with ten or fewer remaining teeth. The numbers of remaining teeth and occlusal supports were recorded in both examinations. Questionnaires regarding their food intake status were given to subjects.
Results: Subjects in Zone B had greater numbers of teeth loss than those in Zones A and C. Subjects in Zone B and D lost greater numbers of occlusal supports than subjects in Zones A and C. The number of food items that could be chewed had significantly decreased in subjects who remained in Zone A and those who changed from Zone B to Zones D and C.
Conclusions: It was shown that various states of dentition classified by Miyachi's Triangular Classification at the age of 70 resulted in different numbers of remaining teeth and occlusal supports and changes in masticatory ability 10 years later in community-dwelling elderly people. (C) 2016 Japan Prosthodontic Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jpor.2015.12.008

Association between Dietary Intake and Bone Mineral Density in Japanese Postmenopausal Women: The Yokogoshi Cohort Study

Harumi Hirata, Kaori Kitamura, Toshiko Saito, Ryosaku Kobayashi, Masanori Iwasaki, Akihiro Yoshihara, Yumi Watanabe, Rieko Oshiki, Tomoko Nishiwaki, Kazutoshi Nakamura

TOHOKU JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 239 ( 2 ) 95 - 101 2016.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：TOHOKU UNIV MEDICAL PRESS

Diet and food intake play an important role in the development of osteoporosis. However, apart from calcium and vitamin D, how nutrients affect bone status is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to determine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between dietary intake and bone mineral density (BMD) in Japanese postmenopausal women. This 5-year cohort study included 600 community dwelling women aged 55-74 years at baseline in 2005. Information on demographics, nutrition, and lifestyle was obtained through interviews, and nutritional and dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. BMD measurements were performed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. In 2010, 498 women underwent follow-up BMD examinations. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine associations of predictor variables with BMD, adjusting for confounders. In cross-sectional analyses, coffee or black tea consumption was positively associated with lumbar spine (P = 0.004) and total hip (P = 0.003) BMD, and alcohol intake was positively associated with femoral neck (P = 0.005) and total hip (P = 0.001) BMD. In longitudinal analyses, vitamin K (P = 0.028) and natto (fermented soybeans) (P = 0.023) were positively associated with lumbar spine BMD, and meat or meat product consumption was inversely associated with total hip (P = 0.047) BMD. In conclusion, dietary factors other than calcium and vitamin D intake are predictors of bone mass and bone loss in Japanese postmenopausal women. In particular, natto intake is recommended for preventing postmenopausal bone loss on the basis of current evidence.

DOI： 10.1620/tjem.239.95

Serum antibody to Porphyromonas gingivalis in metabolic syndrome among an older Japanese population

Masanori Iwasaki, Kumiko Minagawa, Misuzu Sato, Noboru Kaneko, Susumu Imai, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki

GERODONTOLOGY 33 ( 2 ) 193 - 200 2016.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Background and ObjectivePotentially significant associations between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and periodontal disease have been reported in recent studies; however, there is a dearth of literature regarding the relationship of MetS with serum antibody levels to periodontal pathogens. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between MetS and serum antibody to the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.gingivalis) in 216 Japanese individuals aged 79years.
Materials and MethodsSerum antibody levels to P.gingivalis were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. An elevated serum antibody response was defined as the upper quartile and was considered as the outcome variable. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association of MetS defined by the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria with an elevated antibody status. Adjustments for gender, income, education, smoking status, dental-care utilisation patterns and brushing frequency were considered.
ResultsThe prevalence of MetS was 22.2% (n=48). Study participants with MetS were 2.9 times more likely to have an elevated serum antibody to P.gingivalis (adjusted odds ratio=2.91, 95% confidence interval=1.24-6.85) after simultaneous adjustment for other covariates.
ConclusionOur findings suggest an independent relationship between MetS and serum antibody levels to P.gingivalis in the Japanese elderly. Additional longitudinal epidemiologic studies with larger, more diversified samples and more complete information are needed to substantiate our findings.

DOI： 10.1111/ger.12135

Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants Reviewed

Bin Zhou, Yuan Lu, Kaveh Hajifathalian, James Bentham, Mariachiara Di Cesare, Goodarz Danaei, Honor Bixby, Melanie J. Cowan, Mohammed K. Ali, Cristina Taddei, Wei-Cheng Lo, Barbara Reis-Santos, Gretchen A. Stevens, Leanne M. Riley, J. Jaime Miranda, Peter Bjerregaard, Juan A. Rivera, Heba M. Fouad, Guansheng Ma, Jean Claude N. Mbanya, Stephen T. McGarvey, Viswanathan Mohan, Altan Onat, Ambady Ramachandran, Habiba Ben Romdhane, Christopher J. Paciorek, James E. Bennett, Majid Ezzati, Ziad A. Abdeen, Khalid Abdul Kadir, Niveen M. Abu-Rmeileh, Benjamin Acosta-Cazares, Robert Adams, Wichai Aekplakorn, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Charles Agyemang, Alireza Ahmadvand, Amani Rashed Al-Othman, Ala'a Alkerwi, Philippe Amouyel, Antoinette Amuzu, Lars Bo Andersen, Sigmund A. Anderssen, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri, Tahir Aris, Nimmathota Arlappa, Dominique Arveiler, Felix K. Assah, Maria Avdicova, Fereidoun Azizi, Nagalla Balakrishna, Piotr Bandosz, Carlo M. Barbagallo, Alberto Barcelo, Anwar M. Batieha, Louise A. Baur, Habiba Ben Romdhane, Mikhail Benet, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Sumit Bharadwaj, Santosh K. Bhargava, Yufang Bi, Peter Bjerregaard, Espen Bjertness, Marius B. Bjertness, Cecilia Bjorkelund, Anneke Blokstra, Simona Bo, Bernhard O. Boehm, Carlos P. Boissonnet, Pascal Bovet, Imperia Brajkovich, Juergen Breckenkamp, Hermann Brenner, Lizzy M. Brewster, Garry R. Brian, Graziella Bruno, Anna Bugge, Antonio Cabrera de Leon, Gunay Can, Ana Paula C. Candido, Vincenzo Capuano, Axel C. Carlsson, Maria J. Carvalho, Felipe F. Casanueva, Juan-Pablo Casas, Carmelo A. Caserta, Katia Castetbon, Snehalatha Chamukuttan, Nishi Chaturvedi, Chien-Jen Chen, Fangfang Chen, Shuohua Chen, Ching-Yu Cheng, Angela Chetrit, Shu-Ti Chiou, Yumi Cho, Jerzy Chudek, Renata Cifkova, Frank Claessens, Hans Concin, Cyrus Cooper, Rachel Cooper, Simona Costanzo, Dominique Cottel, Chris Cowell, Ana B. Crujeiras, Graziella D'Arrigo, Jean Dallongeville, Rachel Dankner, Luc Dauchet, Giovanni de Gaetano, Stefaan De Henauw, Mohan Deepa, Abbas Dehghan, Valerie Deschamps, Klodian Dhana, Augusto F. Di Castelnuovo, Shirin Djalalinia, Kouamelan Doua, Wojciech Drygas, Yong Du, Vilnis Dzerve, Eruke E. Egbagbe, Robert Eggertsen, Jalila El Ati, Roberto Elosua, Rajiv T. Erasmus, Cihangir Erem, Gul Ergor, Louise Eriksen, Jorge Escobedo-de la Pena, Caroline H. Fall, Farshad Farzadfar, Francisco J. Felix-Redondo, Trevor S. Ferguson, Daniel Fernandez-Berges, Marika Ferrari, Catterina Ferreccio, Edith J. M. Feskens, Joseph D. Finn, Bernhard Foeger, Leng Huat Foo, Ann-Sofie Forslund, Heba M. Fouad, Damian K. Francis, Maria do Carmo Franco, Oscar H. Franco, Guillermo Frontera, Takuro Furusawa, Zbigniew Gaciong, Sarah P. Garnett, Jean-Michel Gaspoz, Magda Gasull, Louise Gates, Johanna M. Geleijnse, Anoosheh Ghasemian, Anup Ghimire, Simona Giampaoli, Francesco Gianfagna, Jonathan Giovannelli, Aleksander Giwercman, Marcela Gonzalez Gross, Juan P. Gonzalez Rivas, Mariano Bonet Gorbea, Frederic Gottrand, Dusan Grafnetter, Tomasz Grodzicki, Anders Grontved, Grabriella Gruden, Dongfeng Gu, Ong Peng Guan, Ramiro Guerrero, Idris Guessous, Andre L. Guimaraes, Laura Gutierrez, Ian R. Hambleton, Rebecca Hardy, Rachakulla Hari Kumar, Jun Hata, Christin Heidemann, Sauli Herrala, Ilpo Tapani Hihtaniemi, Sai Yin Ho, Suzanne C. Ho, Albert Hofman, Claudia M. Hormiga, Bernardo L. Horta, Leila Houti, Christina Howitt, Thein Thein Htay, Aung Soe Htet, Maung Maung Than Htike, Maung Maung Than Htike, Yang Hu, Abdullatif S. Hussieni, Inge Huybrechts, Nahla Hwalla, Licia Iacoviello, Anna G. Iannone, M. Mohsen Ibrahim, Nayu Ikeda, M. Arfan Ikram, Vilma E. Irazola, Muhammad Islam, Masanori Iwasaki, Jeremy M. Jacobs, Tazeen Jafar, Kazi M. Jamil, Grazyna Jasienska, Chao Qiang Jiang, Jost B. Jonas, Pradeep Joshi, Anthony Kafatos, Ofra Kalter-Leibovici, Amir Kasaeian, Joanne Katz, Prabhdeep Kaur, Maryam Kavousi, Roya Kelishadi, Andre P. Kengne, Mathilde Kersting, Yousef Saleh Khader, Davood Khalili, Young-Ho Khang, Stefan Kiechl, Jeongseon Kim, Patrick Kolsteren, Wolfgang Kratzer, Daan Kromhout, Urho M. Kujala, Krzysztof Kula, Catherine Kyobutungi, Tiina Laatikainen, Carl Lachat, Youcef Laid, Tai Hing Lam, Orlando Landrove, Vera Lanska, Georg Lappas, Avula Laxmaiah, Catherine Leclercq, Jeannette Lee, Jeonghee Lee, Terho Lehtimaki, Rampal Lekhraj, Luz M. Leon-Munoz, Yanping Li, Wei-Yen Lim, M. Fernanda Lima-Costa, Hsien-Ho Lin, Xu Lin, Lauren Lissner, Roberto Lorbeer, Jose Eugenio Lozano, Dalia Luksiene, Annamari Lundqvist, Per Lytsy, Guansheng Ma, George L. L. Machado-Coelho, Suka Machi, Stefania Maggi, Dianna J. Magliano, Marcia Makdisse, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao, Yannis Manios, Enzo Manzato, Paula Margozzini, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Reynaldo Martorell, Shariq R. Masoodi, Ellisiv B. Mathiesen, Tandi E. Matsha, Jean Claude N. Mbanya, Shelly R. McFarlane, Stephen T. McGarvey, Stela McLachlan, Breige A. McNulty, Sounnia Mediene-Benchekor, Aline Meirhaeghe, Ana Maria B. Menezes, Shahin Merat, Indrapal I. Meshram, Jie Mi, Juan Francisco Miquel, J. Jaime Miranda, Mostafa K. Mohamed, Kazem Mohammad, Noushin Mohammadifard, Viswanathan Mohan, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff, Niels C. Moller, Denes Molnar, Charles K. Mondo, Alain Morejon, Luis A. Moreno, Karen Morgan, George Moschonis, Malgorzata Mossakowska, Aya Mostafa, Jorge Mota, Jorge Motta, Thet Thet Mu, Maria Lorenza Muiesan, Martina Mueller-Nurasyid, Jaakko Mursu, Gabriele Nagel, Jana Namesna, Ei Ei K. Nang, Vinay B. Nangia, Eva Maria Navarrete-Munoz, Ndeye Coumba Ndiaye, Ilona Nenko, Flavio Nervi, Nguyen D. Nguyen, Quang Ngoc Nguyen, Ramfi S. E. Nieto-Martinez, Guang Ning, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Marianna Noale, Davide Noto, Mohannad Al Nsour, Angelica M. Ochoa-Aviles, Kyungwon Oh, Altan Onat, Pedro Ordunez, Clive Osmond, Johanna A. Otero, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Elena Pahomova, Luigi Palmieri, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Francesco Panza, Mahboubeh Parsaeian, Sergio Viana Peixoto, Markku Peltonen, Annette Peters, Niloofar Peykari, Son Thai Pham, Aida Pilav, Freda Pitakaka, Aleksandra Piwonska, Jerzy Piwonski, Pedro Plans-Rubio, Miquel Porta, Marileen L. P. Portegies, Hossein Poustchi, Rajendra Pradeepa, Jacqueline F. Price, Margus Punab, Radwan F. Qasrawi, Mostafa Qorbani, Ricardas Radisauskas, Mahmudur Rahman, Olli Raitakari, Sudha Ramachandra Rao, Ambady Ramachandran, Jacqueline Ramke, Rafel Ramos, Sanjay Rampal, Wolfgang Rathmann, Josep Redon, Paul Ferdinand M. Reganit, Fernando Rigo, Sian M. Robinson, Cynthia Robitaille, Fernando Rodriguez-Artalejo, Maria del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Laura A. Rodriguez-Villamizar, Rosalba Rojas-Martinez, Kimmo Ronkainen, Annika Rosengren, Adolfo Rubinstein, Ornelas Rui, Blanca Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Andrea R. V. Russo Horimoto, Marcin Rutkowski, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Harshpal S. Sachdev, Olfa Saidi, Sibel Sakarya, Benoit Salanave, Jukka T. Salonen, Massimo Salvetti, Jose Sanchez-Abanto, Diana Santos, Renata Nunes dos Santos, Rute Santos, Jouko L. Saramies, Luis B. Sardinha, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Kai-Uwe Saum, Marcia Scazufca, Herman Schargrodsky, Christa Scheidt-Nave, Aye Aye Sein, Sanjb K. Sharma, Jonathan E. Shaw, Kenji Shibuya, Youchan Shin, Rahman Shiri, Rosalynn Siantar, Abla M. Sibai, Mary Simon, Judith Simons, Leon A. Simons, Michael Sjostrom, Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer, Przemyslaw Slusarczyk, Liam Smeeth, Marieke B. Snijder, Hung-Kwan So, Eugene Sobngwi, Stefan Soderberg, Vincenzo Solfrizzi, Emily Sonestedt, Aicha Soumare, Jan A. Staessen, Maria G. Stathopoulou, Jostein Steene-Johannessen, Peter Stehle, Aryeh D. Stein, Jochanan Stessman, Doris Stoeckl, Jakub Stokwiszewski, Karien Stronks, Maria Wany Strufaldi, Chien-An Sun, Johan Sundstrom, Yn-Tz Sung, Paibul Suriyawongpaisal, Rody G. Sy, E. Shyong Tai, Abdonas Tamosiunas, Line Tang, Mohammed Tarawneh, Carolina B. Tarqui-Mamani, Anne Taylor, Holger Theobald, Lutgarde Thijs, Betina H. Thuesen, Hanna K. Tolonen, Janne S. Tolstrup, Murat Topbas, Maties Torrent, Pierre Traissac, Oanh T. H. Trinh, Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen, Maria L. Turley, Christophe Tzourio, Peter Ueda, Flora A. M. Ukoli, Hanno Ulmer, Hannu M. T. Uusitalo, Gonzalo Valdivia, Damaskini Valvi, Lenie van Rossem, Irene G. M. van Valkengoed, Dirk Vanderschueren, Diego Vanuzzo, Tomas Vega, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez, Giovanni Veronesi, W. M. Monique Verschuren, Roosmarijn Verstraeten, Lucie Viet, Jesus Vioque, Jyrki K. Virtanen, Bharathi Viswanathan, Peter Vollenweider, Sari Voutilainen, Martine Vrijheid, Alisha N. Wade, Aline Wagner, Janette Walton, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud, Feng Wang, Ming-Dong Wang, Qian Wang, Ya Xing Wang, S. Goya Wannamethee, Deepa Weerasekera, Peter H. Whincup, Kurt Widhalm, Alet H. Wijga, Rainford J. Wilks, Johann Willeit, Tom Wilsgaard, Bogdan Wojtyniak, Tien Yin Wong, Jean Woo, Mark Woodward, Frederick C. Wu, Shou Ling Wu, Haiquan Xu, Weili Yan, Xiaoguang Yang, Xingwang Ye, Akihiro Yoshihara, Novie O. Younger-Coleman, Sabina Zambon, Abdul Hamid Zargar, Tomasz Zdrojewski, Wenhua Zhao, Yingfeng Zheng, Julio Zuniga Cisneros

LANCET 387 ( 10027 ) 1513 - 1530 2016.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC

Background One of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to halt, by 2025, the rise in the age-standardised adult prevalence of diabetes at its 2010 levels. We aimed to estimate worldwide trends in diabetes, how likely it is for countries to achieve the global target, and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are affecting the number of adults with diabetes.
Methods We pooled data from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in diabetes prevalence-defined as fasting plasma glucose of 7.0 mmol/L or higher, or history of diagnosis with diabetes, or use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs-in 200 countries and territories in 21 regions, by sex and from 1980 to 2014. We also calculated the posterior probability of meeting the global diabetes target if post-2000 trends continue.
Findings We used data from 751 studies including 4 372 000 adults from 146 of the 200 countries we make estimates for. Global age-standardised diabetes prevalence increased from 4.3% (95% credible interval 2.4-7.0) in 1980 to 9.0% (7.2-11.1) in 2014 in men, and from 5.0% (2.9-7.9) to 7.9% (6.4-9.7) in women. The number of adults with diabetes in the world increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014 (28.5% due to the rise in prevalence, 39.7% due to population growth and ageing, and 31.8% due to interaction of these two factors). Age-standardised adult diabetes prevalence in 2014 was lowest in northwestern Europe, and highest in Polynesia and Micronesia, at nearly 25%, followed by Melanesia and the Middle East and north Africa. Between 1980 and 2014 there was little change in age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adult women in continental western Europe, although crude prevalence rose because of ageing of the population. By contrast, age-standardised adult prevalence rose by 15 percentage points in men and women in Polynesia and Micronesia. In 2014, American Samoa had the highest national prevalence of diabetes (>30% in both sexes), with age-standardised adult prevalence also higher than 25% in some other islands in Polynesia and Micronesia. If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global target of halting the rise in the prevalence of diabetes by 2025 at the 2010 level worldwide is lower than 1% for men and is 1% for women. Only nine countries for men and 29 countries for women, mostly in western Europe, have a 50% or higher probability of meeting the global target.
Interpretation Since 1980, age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adults has increased, or at best remained unchanged, in every country. Together with population growth and ageing, this rise has led to a near quadrupling of the number of adults with diabetes worldwide. The burden of diabetes, both in terms of prevalence and number of adults affected, has increased faster in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries.
Funding Wellcome Trust. Copyright (C) NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY.

DOI： 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00618-8

Hyposalivation and dietary nutrient intake among community-based older Japanese

Masanori Iwasaki, Akihiro Yoshihara, Kayoko Ito, Misuzu Sato, Kumiko Minagawa, Kanako Muramatsu, Reiko Watanabe, Michael C. Manz, Toshihiro Ansai, Hideo Miyazaki

GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 16 ( 4 ) 500 - 507 2016.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

AimSaliva is important for maintaining oral function and regulating oral health. Reduced saliva flow rate, which is common among older adults, has been reported to be associated with perceived chewing and swallowing difficulties; however, its relationship to actual nutrient intake is unclear. The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to evaluate the relationship between hyposalivation and nutrient intake among older Japanese adults.
MethodsThe participants were 352 community-based Japanese aged 80 years. A stimulated salivary flow rate <0.5mL/min was defined as hyposalivation. Multivariable analysis of differences in nutrient and food intake outcome variables, which were collected through a validated food frequency questionnaire, between groups with/without hyposalivation was carried out using general linear models. Models included adjustment for number of teeth, denture use, sex, income, education, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol use, diabetes, medication, activities of daily living, depression and total calorie intake.
ResultsThe hyposalivation group had significantly lower intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, potassium, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin B6 and folate than the group without hyposalivation (P<0.05) after adjusting for confounders. Vegetable, fish and shellfish consumption was significantly lower in the hyposalivation group (P<0.05).
ConclusionsDietary intake was poorer in those with hyposalivation than among those without. A decrease in stimulated salivary flow rate could have negative effects on geriatric nutrition. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 500-507.

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.12500

知的障害者施設入所者における在所期間と口腔内状態および口腔に関連する支援状態の関連 Reviewed

石川裕子, 米澤大輔, 葭原明弘, 齊藤一誠, 早崎治明

口腔衛生学会雑誌 66 ( 3 ) 338 - 343 2016.4

Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19.2 million participants Reviewed

Mariachiara Di Cesare, James Bentham, Gretchen A. Stevens, Bin Zhou, Goodarz Danaei, Yuan Lu, Honor Bixby, Melanie J. Cowan, Leanne M. Riley, Kaveh Hajifathalian, Lea Fortunato, Cristina Taddei, James E. Bennett, Nayu Ikeda, Young-Ho Khang, Catherine Kyobutungi, Avula Laxmaiah, Yanping Li, Hsien-Ho Lin, J. Jaime Miranda, Aya Mostafa, Maria L. Turley, Christopher J. Paciorek, Marc Gunter, Majid Ezzati, Ziad A. Abdeen, Zargar Abdul Hamid, Niveen M. Abu-Rmeileh, Benjamin Acosta-Cazares, Robert Adams, Wichai Aekplakorn, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Alireza Ahmadvand, Wolfgang Ahrens, Mohamed M. Ali, Ala'a Alkerwi, Mar Alvarez-Pedrerol, Eman Aly, Philippe Amouyel, Antoinette Amuzu, Lars Bo Andersen, Sigmund A. Anderssen, Dolores S. Andrade, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri, Inger Ariansen, Tahir Aris, Nimmathota Arlappa, Dominique Arveiler, Felix K. Assah, Maria Avdicova, Fereidoun Azizi, Bontha V. Babu, Nagalla Balakrishna, Piotr Bandosz, Jose R. Banegas, Carlo M. Barbagallo, Alberto Barcelo, Amina Barkat, Mauro V. Barros, Iqbal Bata, Anwar M. Batieha, Rosangela L. Batista, Louise A. Baur, Robert Beaglehole, Habiba Ben Romdhane, Mikhail Benet, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Gailute Bernotiene, Heloisa Bettiol, Aroor Bhagyalaxmi, Sumit Bharadwaj, Santosh K. Bhargava, Zaid Bhatti, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, HongSheng Bi, Yufang Bi, Peter Bjerregaard, Espen Bjertness, Marius B. Bjertness, Cecilia Bjorkelund, Margaret Blake, Anneke Blokstra, Simona Bo, Martin Bobak, Lynne M. Boddy, Bernhard O. Boehm, Heiner Boeing, Carlos P. Boissonnet, Vanina Bongard, Pascal Bovet, Lutgart Braeckman, Marjolijn C. E. Bragt, Imperia Brajkovich, Francesco Branca, Juergen Breckenkamp, Hermann Brenner, Lizzy M. Brewster, Garry R. Brian, Graziella Bruno, H. B(as) Bueno-de-Mesquita, Anna Bugge, Con Burns, Antonio Cabrera de Leon, Joseph Cacciottolo, Tilema Cama, Christine Cameron, Jose Camolas, Gunay Can, Ana Paula C. Candido, Vincenzo Capuano, Viviane C. Cardoso, Maria J. Carvalho, Felipe F. Casanueva, Juan-Pablo Casas, Carmelo A. Caserta, Katia Castetbon, Snehalatha Chamukuttan, Angelique W. Chan, Queenie Chan, Himanshu K. Chaturvedi, Nishi Chaturvedi, Chien-Jen Chen, Fangfang Chen, Huashuai Chen, Shuohua Chen, Zhengming Chen, Ching-Yu Cheng, Angela Chetrit, Arnaud Chiolero, Shu-Ti Chiou, Adela Chirita-Emandi, Yumi Cho, Kaare Christensen, Jerzy Chudek, Renata Cifkova, Frank Claessens, Els Clays, Hans Concin, Cyrus Cooper, Rachel Cooper, Tara C. Coppinger, Simona Costanzo, Dominique Cottel, Chris Cowell, Cora L. Craig, Ana B. Crujeiras, Graziella D'Arrigo, Eleonora d'Orsi, Jean Dallongeville, Albertino Damasceno, Camilla T. Damsgaard, Goodarz Danaei, Rachel Dankner, Luc Dauchet, Guy De Backer, Dirk De Bacquer, Giovanni de Gaetano, Stefaan De Henauw, Delphine De Smedt, Mohan Deepa, Alexander D. Deev, Abbas Dehghan, Helene Delisle, Francis Delpeuch, Klodian Dhana, Augusto F. Di Castelnuovo, Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa, Alejandro Diaz, Shirin Djalalinia, Ha T. P. Do, Annette J. Dobson, Chiara Donfrancesco, Angela Doering, Kouamelan Doua, Wojciech Drygas, Eruke E. Egbagbe, Robert Eggertsen, Ulf Ekelund, Jalila El Ati, Paul Elliott, Reina Engle-Stone, Rajiv T. Erasmus, Cihangir Erem, Louise Eriksen, Jorge Escobedo-de la Pena, Alun Evans, David Faeh, Caroline H. Fall, Farshad Farzadfar, Francisco J. Felix-Redondo, Trevor S. Ferguson, Daniel Fernandez-Berges, Daniel Ferrante, Marika Ferrari, Catterina Ferreccio, Jean Ferrieres, Joseph D. Finn, Krista Fischer, Eric Monterubio Flores, Bernhard Foeger, Leng Huat Foo, Ann-Sofie Forslund, Stephen P. Fortmann, Heba M. Fouad, Damian K. Francis, Maria do Carmo Franco, Oscar H. Franco, Guillermo Frontera, Flavio D. Fuchs, Sandra C. Fuchs, Yuki Fujita, Takuro Furusawa, Zbigniew Gaciong, Mihai Gafencu, Dickman Gareta, Sarah P. Garnett, Jean-Michel Gaspoz, Magda Gasull, Louise Gates, Johanna M. Geleijnse, Anoosheh Ghasemian, Simona Giampaoli, Francesco Gianfagna, Jonathan Giovannelli, Aleksander Giwercman, Rebecca A. Goldsmith, Marcela Gonzalez Gross, Juan P. Gonzalez Rivas, Mariano Bonet Gorbea, Frederic Gottrand, Sidsel Graff -Iversen, Dusan Grafnetter, Aneta Grajda, Maria G. Grammatikopoulou, Ronald D. Gregor, Tomasz Grodzicki, Anders Grontved, Grabriella Gruden, Vera Grujic, Dongfeng Gu, Ong Peng Guan, Vilmundur Gudnason, Ramiro Guerrero, Idris Guessous, Andre L. Guimaraes, Martin C. Gulliford, Johanna Gunnlaugsdottir, Marc Gunter, Xiu H. Guo, Yin Guo, Prakash C. Gupta, Oye Gureje, Beata Gurzkowska, Laura Gutierrez, Felix Gutzwiller, Jytte Halkjaer, Rebecca Hardy, Rachakulla Hari Kumar, Alison J. Hayes, Jiang He, Marleen Elisabeth Hendriks, Leticia Hernandez Cadena, Ramin Heshmat, Ilpo Tapani Hihtaniemi, Sai Yin Ho, Suzanne C. Ho, Michael Hobbs, Albert Hofman, Claudia M. Hormiga, Bernardo L. Horta, Leila Houti, Thein Thein Htay, Aung Soe Htet, Maung Maung Than Htike, Yonghua Hu, Abdullatif S. Hussieni, Chinh Nguyen Huu, Inge Huybrechts, Nahla Hwalla, Licia Iacoviello, Anna G. Iannone, M. Mohsen Ibrahim, Nayu Ikeda, M. Arfan Ikram, Vilma E. Irazola, Muhammad Islam, Masanori Iwasaki, Rod T. Jackson, Jeremy M. Jacobs, Tazeen Jafar, Kazi M. Jamil, Konrad Jamrozik, Grazyna Jasienska, Chao Qiang Jiang, Michel Joffres, Mattias Johansson, Jost B. Jonas, Torben Jorgensen, Pradeep Joshi, Anne Juolevi, Gregor Jurak, Vesna Juresa, Rudolf Kaaks, Anthony Kafatos, Ofra Kalter-Leibovici, Efthymios Kapantais, Amir Kasaeian, Joanne Katz, Prabhdeep Kaur, Maryam Kavousi, Ulrich Keil, Lital Keinan Boker, Roya Kelishadi, Han H. C. G. Kemper, Andre P. Kengne, Mathilde Kersting, Timothy Key, Yousef Saleh Khader, Davood Khalili, Young-Ho Khang, Kay-Tee H. Khaw, Ilse M. S. L. Khouw, Stefan Kiechl, Japhet Killewo, Jeongseon Kim, Yutaka Kiyohara, Jeannette Klimont, Elin Kolle, Patrick Kolsteren, Paul Korrovits, Seppo Koskinen, Katsuyasu Kouda, Slawomir Koziel, Wolfgang Kratzer, Steinar Krokstad, Daan Kromhout, Herculina S. Kruger, Krzysztof Kula, Zbigniew Kulaga, R. Krishna Kumar, Yadlapalli S. Kusuma, Kari Kuulasmaa, Catherine Kyobutungi, Fatima Zahra Laamiri, Tiina Laatikainen, Carl Lachat, Youcef Laid, Tai Hing Lam, Orlando Landrove, Vera Lanska, Georg Lappas, Lars E. Laugsand, Avula Laxmaiah, Khanh Le Nguyen Bao, Tuyen D. Le, Catherine Leclercq, Jeannette Lee, Jeonghee Lee, Terho Lehtimaki, Rampal Lekhraj, Luz M. Leon-Munoz, Yanping Li, Wei-Yen Lim, M. Fernanda Lima-Costa, Hsien-Ho Lin, Xu Lin, Allan Linneberg, Lauren Lissner, Mieczyslaw Litwin, Jing Liu, Roberto Lorbeer, Paulo A. Lotufo, Jose Eugenio Lozano, Dalia Luksiene, Annamari Lundqvist, Nuno Lunet, Per Lytsy, Guansheng Ma, Suka Machi, Stefania Maggi, Dianna J. Magliano, Marcia Makdisse, Reza Malekzadeh, Rahul Malhotra, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao, Yannis Manios, Jim I. Mann, Enzo Manzato, Paula Margozzini, Oonagh Markey, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Jaume Marrugat, Yves Martin-Prevel, Reynaldo Martorell, Shariq R. Masoodi, Tandi E. Matsha, Artur Mazur, Jean Claude N. Mbanya, Shelly R. McFarlane, Stephen T. McGarvey, Martin McKee, Stela McLachlan, Rachael M. McLean, Breige A. McNulty, Safiah Md Yusof, Sounnia Mediene-Benchekor, Aline Meirhaeghe, Christa Meisinger, Larissa L. Mendes, Ana Maria B. Menezes, Gert B. M. Mensink, Indrapal I. Meshram, Andres Metspalu, Jie Mi, Kim F. Michaelsen, Kairit Mikkel, Jody C. Miller, Juan Francisco Miquel, J. Jaime Miranda, Marjeta Misigoj-Durakovic, Mostafa K. Mohamed, Kazem Mohammad, Noushin Mohammadifard, Viswanathan Mohan, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff, Drude Molbo, Niels C. Moller, Denes Molnar, Charles K. Mondo, Eric A. Monterrubio, Kotsedi Daniel K. Monyeki, Leila B. Moreira, Alain Morejon, Luis A. Moreno, Karen Morgan, Erik Lykke Mortensen, George Moschonis, Malgorzata Mossakowska, Aya Mostafa, Jorge Mota, Mohammad Esmaeel Motlagh, Jorge Motta, Thet Thet Mu, Maria Lorenza Muiesan, Martina Mueller-Nurasyid, Neil Murphy, Jaakko Mursu, Elaine M. Murtagh, Kamarul Imran Musa, Vera Musil, Gabriele Nagel, Harunobu Nakamura, Jana Namesna, Ei Ei K. Nang, Vinay B. Nangia, Martin Nankap, Sameer Narake, Eva Maria Navarrete-Munoz, Ilona Nenko, Martin Neovius, Flavio Nervi, Hannelore K. Neuhauser, Nguyen D. Nguyen, Quang Ngoc Nguyen, Ramfis E. Nieto-Martinez, Guang Ning, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Sania Nishtar, Marianna Noale, Teresa Norat, Davide Noto, Mohannad Al Nsour, Dermot O'Reilly, Angelica M. Ochoa-Aviles, Kyungwon Oh, Iman H. Olayan, Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto, Maciej Oltarzewski, Mohd A. Omar, Altan Onat, Pedro Ordunez, Ana P. Ortiz, Merete Osler, Clive Osmond, Sergej M. Ostojic, Johanna A. Otero, Kim Overvad, Fred Michel Paccaud, Cristina Padez, Andrzej Pajak, Domenico Palli, Alberto Palloni, Luigi Palmieri, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Francesco Panza, Winsome R. Parnell, Mahboubeh Parsaeian, Mangesh S. Pednekar, Petra H. Peeters, Sergio Viana Peixoto, Alexandre C. Pereira, Cynthia M. Perez, Annette Peters, Niloofar Peykari, Son Thai Pham, Iris Pigeot, Hynek Pikhart, Aida Pilav, Lorenza Pilotto, Francesco Pistelli, Freda Pitakaka, Aleksandra Piwonska, Jerzy Piwonski, Pedro Plans-Rubio, Bee Koon Poh, Miquel Porta, Marileen L. P. Portegies, Dimitrios Poulimeneas, Rajendra Pradeepa, Mathur Prashant, Jacqueline F. Price, Maria Puiu, Margus Punab, Radwan F. Qasrawi, Mostafa Qorbani, Tran Quoc Bao, Ivana Radic, Ricardas Radisauskas, Mahmudur Rahman, Olli Raitakari, Manu Raj, Sudha Ramachandra Rao, Ambady Ramachandran, Jacqueline Ramke, Rafel Ramos, Sanjay Rampal, Finn Rasmussen, Josep Redon, Paul Ferdinand M. Reganit, Robespierre Ribeiro, Elio Riboli, Fernando Rigo, Tobias Floris Rinke de Wit, Raphael M. Ritti-Dias, Juan A. Rivera, Sian M. Robinson, Cynthia Robitaille, Fernando Rodriguez-Artalejo, Maria del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Laura A. Rodriguez-Villamizar, Rosalba Rojas-Martinez, Nipa Rojroongwasinkul, Dora Romaguera, Kimmo Ronkainen, Annika Rosengren, Ian Rouse, Adolfo Rubinstein, Frank J. Ruehli, Ornelas Rui, Blanca Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Andrea R. V. Russo Horimoto, Marcin Rutkowski, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Harshpal S. Sachdev, Olfa Saidi, Benoit Salanave, Eduardo Salazar Martinez, Veikko Salomaa, Jukka T. Salonen, Massimo Salvetti, Jose Sanchez-Abanto, Sandjaja, Susana Sans, Diana A. Santos, Osvaldo Santos, Renata Nunes dos Santos, Rute Santos, Luis B. Sardinha, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Kai-Uwe Saum, Savvas C. Savva, Marcia Scazufca, Angelika Schaffrath Rosario, Herman Schargrodsky, Anja Schienkiewitz, Ida Maria Schmidt, Ione J. Schneider, Constance Schultsz, Aletta E. Schutte, Aye Aye Sein, Idowu O. Senbanjo, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Svetlana A. Shalnova, Jonathan E. Shaw, Kenji Shibuya, Youchan Shin, Rahman Shiri, Rosalynn Siantar, Abla M. Sibai, Antonio M. Silva, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Mary Simon, Judith Simons, Leon A. Simons, Michael Sjostrom, Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer, Przemyslaw Slusarczyk, Liam Smeeth, Margaret C. Smith, Marieke B. Snijder, Hung-Kwan So, Eugene Sobngwi, Stefan Soderberg, Moesijanti Y. E. Soekatri, Vincenzo Solfrizzi, Emily Sonestedt, Thorkild I. A. Sorensen, Maroje Soric, Charles Sossa Jerome, Aicha Soumare, Jan A. Staessen, Gregor Starc, Maria G. Stathopoulou, Kaspar Staub, Bill Stavreski, Jostein Steene-Johannessen, Peter Stehle, Aryeh D. Stein, George S. Stergiou, Jochanan Stessman, Jutta Stieber, Doris Stoeckl, Tanja Stocks, Jakub Stokwiszewski, Gareth Stratton, Maria Wany Strufaldi, Chien-An Sun, Johan Sundstrom, Yn-Tz Sung, Jordi Sunyer, Paibul Suriyawongpaisal, Boyd A. Swinburn, Rody G. Sy, Lucjan Szponar, E. Shyong Tai, Mari-Liis Tammesoo, Abdonas Tamosiunas, Line Tang, Xun Tang, Frank Tanser, Yong Tao, Jakob Tarp, Carolina B. Tarqui-Mamani, Anne Taylor, Felicite Tchibindat, Lutgarde Thijs, Betina H. Thuesen, Anne Tjonneland, Hanna K. Tolonen, Janne S. Tolstrup, Murat Topbas, Roman Topor-Madry, Maties Torrent, Pierre Traissac, Antonia Trichopoulou, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Oanh T. H. Trinh, Atul Trivedi, Lechaba Tshepo, Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Maria L. Turley, Per Tynelius, Themistoklis Tzotzas, Christophe Tzourio, Peter Ueda, Flora A. M. Ukoli, Hanno Ulmer, Belgin Unal, Gonzalo Valdivia, Susana Vale, Damaskini Valvi, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Koen Van Herck, Hoang Van Minh, Irene G. M. van Valkengoed, Dirk Vanderschueren, Diego Vanuzzo, Lars Vatten, Tomas Vega, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez, Giovanni Veronesi, W. M. Monique Verschuren, Giovanni Viegi, Lucie Viet, Eira Viikari-Juntura, Paolo Vineis, Jesus Vioque, Jyrki K. Virtanen, Sophie Visvikis-Siest, Bharathi Viswanathan, Peter Vollenweider, Sari Voutilainen, Martine Vrijheid, Alisha N. Wade, Aline Wagner, Janette Walton, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud, Ming-Dong Wang, Qian Wang, Ya Xing Wang, S. Goya Wannamethee, Nicholas Wareham, Deepa Weerasekera, Peter H. Whincup, Kurt Widhalm, Indah S. Widyahening, Andrzej Wiecek, Rainford J. Wilks, Johann Willeit, Bogdan Wojtyniak, Jyh Eiin Wong, Tien Yin Wong, Jean Woo, Mark Woodward, Frederick C. Wu, JianFeng Wu, Shou Ling Wu, Haiquan Xu, Liang Xu, Uruwan Yamborisut, Weili Yan, Xiaoguang Yang, Nazan Yardim, Xingwang Ye, Panayiotis K. Yiallouros, Akihiro Yoshihara, Qi Sheng You, Novie O. Younger-Coleman, Ahmad F. Yusoff, Ahmad A. Zainuddin, Sabina Zambon, Tomasz Zdrojewski, Yi Zeng, Dong Zhao, Wenhua Zhao, Yingfeng Zheng, Maigeng Zhou, Dan Zhu, Esther Zimmermann, Julio Zuniga Cisneros

LANCET 387 ( 10026 ) 1377 - 1396 2016.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC

Background Underweight and severe and morbid obesity are associated with highly elevated risks of adverse health outcomes. We estimated trends in mean body-mass index (BMI), which characterises its population distribution, and in the prevalences of a complete set of BMI categories for adults in all countries.
Methods We analysed, with use of a consistent protocol, population-based studies that had measured height and weight in adults aged 18 years and older. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to these data to estimate trends from 1975 to 2014 in mean BMI and in the prevalences of BMI categories (<18.5 kg/m(2) [underweight], 18.5 kg/m(2) to <20 kg/m(2), 20 kg/m(2) to <25 kg/m(2), 25 kg/m(2) to <30 kg/m(2), 30 kg/m(2) to <35 kg/m(2), 35 kg/m(2) to <40 kg/m(2), = 40 kg/m(2) [morbid obesity]), by sex in 200 countries and territories, organised in 21 regions. We calculated the posterior probability of meeting the target of halting by 2025 the rise in obesity at its 2010 levels, if post-2000 trends continue.
Findings We used 1698 population-based data sources, with more than 19.2 million adult participants (9.9 million men and 9.3 million women) in 186 of 200 countries for which estimates were made. Global age-standardised mean BMI increased from 21.7 kg/m(2) (95% credible interval 21.3-22.1) in 1975 to 24.2 kg/m(2) (24.0-24.4) in 2014 in men, and from 22.1 kg/m(2) (21.7-22.5) in 1975 to 24.4 kg/m(2) (24.2-24.6) in 2014 in women. Regional mean BMIs in 2014 for men ranged from 21.4 kg/m(2) in central Africa and south Asia to 29.2 kg/m(2) (28.6-29.8) in Polynesia and Micronesia; for women the range was from 21.8 kg/m(2) (21.4-22.3) in south Asia to 32.2 kg/m(2) (31.5-32.8) in Polynesia and Micronesia. Over these four decades, age-standardised global prevalence of underweight decreased from 13.8% (10.5-17.4) to 8.8% (7.4-10.3) in men and from 14.6% (11.6-17.9) to 9.7% (8.3-11.1) in women. South Asia had the highest prevalence of underweight in 2014, 23.4% (17.8-29.2) in men and 24.0% (18.9-29.3) in women. Age-standardised prevalence of obesity increased from 3.2% (2.4-4.1) in 1975 to 10.8% (9.7-12.0) in 2014 in men, and from 6.4% (5.1-7.8) to 14.9% (13.6-16.1) in women. 2.3% (2.0-2.7) of the world's men and 5.0% (4.4-5.6) of women were severely obese (ie, have BMI = 35 kg/m(2)). Globally, prevalence of morbid obesity was 0.64% (0.46-0.86) in men and 1.6% (1.3-1.9) in women.
Interpretation If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global obesity target is virtually zero. Rather, if these trends continue, by 2025, global obesity prevalence will reach 18% in men and surpass 21% in women; severe obesity will surpass 6% in men and 9% in women. Nonetheless, underweight remains prevalent in the world's poorest regions, especially in south Asia. Copyright (C) NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY.

DOI： 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30054-X

CD56(dim)CD16(high) and CD56(bright)CD16(-) cell percentages associated with maximum knee extensor strength and incidence of death in elderly

Hidenobu Senpuku, Hideo Miyazaki, Akihiro Yoshihara, Saori Yoneda, Naoki Narisawa, Taketo Kawarai, Naoki Nakagawa, Motohiko Miyachi, Akio Tada, Goichiro Yoshida, Mieko Shimada, Masaharu Ohashi, Mamoru Nishimuta, Yasuo Kimura, Yutaka Yoshitake

SPRINGERPLUS 5 244 2016.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG

Physical fitness is an indicator of systemic well-being in humans. Little is known about the role of physical fitness for maintaining systemic health in the elderly. Here, we study elderly subjects to determine the relationships between physical fitness and CD56 and CD16 surface NK cell markers on peripheral blood lymphocytes, as well as to analyze the relationship between the surface markers and incidence of death. We selected 253 independent elderly subjects (122 female; 131 male) who were 79-80 years old. Subjects having a higher proportion of CD56(dim)CD16(high) within CD56(+)CD16(+) cells, or ration of CD56(dim)CD16(high) and CD56(dim)CD16(-) cells had a significant positive correlation with maximum bilateral knee extensor strength/weight (kg) (r = 0.425; P < 0.0001 or r = 0.323; P < 0.0001). In contrast, an increased proportion of CD56(bright)CD16(-) cells within lymphocyte significantly negatively correlated with the maximum bilateral knee extensor strength/weight (kg) (r = -0.290; P = 0.0004); and these subjects had a significantly lower mortality during the 5 years following measurement of death. Therefore, we found that a synergistic effect of the right and left leg muscle strength was associated with proportion of matured NK and NKT cells and induced a low proportion of CD56(bright)CD16(-) cells within lymphocyte. Moreover, the low proportion of CD56(bright)CD16(-) cells was associated with incidence of death. In conclusion, measurements of physical fitness, the proportion of CD56(dim)CD16(high) within CD56(+)CD16(+) cells, the ratio of CD56(dim)CD56(high) and CD56(dim)CD16(-) cells, and the proportion of CD56(bright)C16(-) cells in lymphocytes are important indicators to check elderly health.

DOI： 10.1186/s40064-016-1884-3

PPAR gene polymorphism, C-reactive protein level, BMI and periodontitis in post-menopausal Japanese women

Yangming Wang, Noriko Sugita, Akihiro Yoshihara, Masanori Iwasaki, Hideo Miyazaki, Kazutoshi Nakamura, Hiromasa Yoshie

GERODONTOLOGY 33 ( 1 ) 44 - 51 2016.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

BackgroundSeveral studies have reported inconsistent results regarding the association between the PPARPro12Ala polymorphism and obesity. Obese individuals had higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels compared with those of normal weight, and PPAR activation could significantly reduce serum high-sensitive CRP level. We have previously suggested that the Pro12Ala polymorphism represents a susceptibility factor for periodontitis, which is a known risk factor for increased CRP level.
ObjectivesThe aim was to investigate associations between PPAR gene polymorphism, serum CRP level, BMI and/or periodontitis among post-menopausal Japanese women.
Materials and methodsThe final sample in this study comprised 359 post-menopausal Japanese women. Periodontal parameters, including PD, CAL and BOP, were measured per tooth. PPARPro12Ala genotype was determined by PCR-RFLP. Hs-CRP value was measured by a latex nephelometry assay.
ResultsNo significant differences in age, BMI or periodontal parameters were found between the genotypes. The percentages of sites with PD4mm were significantly higher among the hsCRP1mg/l group than the hsCRP<1mg/l group (p=0.003). Positive correlations were found between serum hsCRP levels and the percentages of sites with PD4mm (p=0.043) in PPAR Ala allele carriers, and BMI (p=0.033) in non-carriers. After adjustment for model covariates, BMI was significantly associated with serum hsCRP level.
ConclusionThe PPARPro12Ala polymorphism was not independently associated with periodontitis, serum CRP level or BMI in post-menopausal Japanese women. However, serum hsCRP level correlated with periodontitis in Ala allele carriers, and with BMI in non-carriers.

DOI： 10.1111/ger.12110

PPAR gene polymorphism, C-reactive protein level, BMI and periodontitis in post-menopausal Japanese women Reviewed

Yangming Wang, Noriko Sugita, Akihiro Yoshihara, Masanori Iwasaki, Hideo Miyazaki, Kazutoshi Nakamura, Hiromasa Yoshie

GERODONTOLOGY 33 ( 1 ) 44 - 51 2016.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

BackgroundSeveral studies have reported inconsistent results regarding the association between the PPARPro12Ala polymorphism and obesity. Obese individuals had higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels compared with those of normal weight, and PPAR activation could significantly reduce serum high-sensitive CRP level. We have previously suggested that the Pro12Ala polymorphism represents a susceptibility factor for periodontitis, which is a known risk factor for increased CRP level.
ObjectivesThe aim was to investigate associations between PPAR gene polymorphism, serum CRP level, BMI and/or periodontitis among post-menopausal Japanese women.
Materials and methodsThe final sample in this study comprised 359 post-menopausal Japanese women. Periodontal parameters, including PD, CAL and BOP, were measured per tooth. PPARPro12Ala genotype was determined by PCR-RFLP. Hs-CRP value was measured by a latex nephelometry assay.
ResultsNo significant differences in age, BMI or periodontal parameters were found between the genotypes. The percentages of sites with PD4mm were significantly higher among the hsCRP1mg/l group than the hsCRP<1mg/l group (p=0.003). Positive correlations were found between serum hsCRP levels and the percentages of sites with PD4mm (p=0.043) in PPAR Ala allele carriers, and BMI (p=0.033) in non-carriers. After adjustment for model covariates, BMI was significantly associated with serum hsCRP level.
ConclusionThe PPARPro12Ala polymorphism was not independently associated with periodontitis, serum CRP level or BMI in post-menopausal Japanese women. However, serum hsCRP level correlated with periodontitis in Ala allele carriers, and with BMI in non-carriers.

DOI： 10.1111/ger.12110

地域在住高齢者におけるフレイル(虚弱)と現在歯数との関連についての横断研究

佐藤美寿々, 岩崎正則, 葭原明弘, 宮崎秀夫

口腔衛生学会雑誌 66 ( 1 ) 49 - 49 2016.1

Effects of Periodontal Diseases on Diabetes-Related Medical Expenditure Invited Reviewed

Masanori Iwasaki, Misuzu Sato, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki

Current Oral Health Reports 3 ( 1 ) 7 - 13 2016

自立高齢者における飲酒習慣と歯周組織状態との関係 Reviewed

諏訪間加奈, 葭原明弘, 渡邊令子, ステガロユ・ロクサーナ, 柴田佐都子, 宮崎秀夫

新潟歯学会雑誌 45 ( 2 ) 100 - 100 2015.12

歯科診療所構成員と医院の担える診療内容との関連

皆川久美子, 葭原明弘

有病者歯科医療 24 ( 4 ) 313 - 313 2015.12

Oral health status in relation to cognitive function among older Japanese. Reviewed International journal

Masanori Iwasaki, Yumi Kimura, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hiroshi Ogawa, Takayuki Yamaga, Misuzu Sato, Taizo Wada, Ryota Sakamoto, Yasuko Ishimoto, Eriko Fukutomi, Wenling Chen, Hissei Imai, Michiko Fujisawa, Kiyohito Okumiya, George W Taylor, Toshihiro Ansai, Hideo Miyazaki, Kozo Matsubayashi

Clinical and experimental dental research 1 ( 1 ) 3 - 9 2015.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Epidemiologic data examining the relationship between oral health status and cognitive status are sparse, especially in Asian populations. This study aimed to assess whether periodontal disease and tooth loss were related to cognitive impairment among older Japanese. Study participants were 291 Japanese (101 men and 190 women, average age: 80.9 years), classified into three groups based on a clinical examination of oral health status: no periodontal disease, periodontal disease, and edentulous. Periodontal disease was defined using criteria recommended in the consensus report of the European Workshop in Periodontology with a modification. Cognitive impairment was defined using the results of the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and Hasegawa Dementia Scale-Revised (HDS-R) scores. Multivariable logistic regression analyses assessed the relationship of the three-category oral health status variable (reference category = no periodontal disease) with low MMSE score (≤23) and low HDS-R score (≤20). Age, gender, years of education, body mass index, smoking status, drinking behavior, and history of cardiovascular disease were tested as potential confounders in the multivariable models. Periodontal disease and edentulous were significantly associated with greater odds of low cognitive performance after controlling for potential confounders. The multivariable adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for low MMSE score associated with periodontal disease and edentulous were 2.21 (1.01-4.84) and 2.28 (1.06-4.90), respectively. The multivariable adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for low HDS-R score associated with periodontal disease and edentulous were 4.85 (1.29-18.15) and 3.86 (1.05-14.20), respectively. Poor oral health status was significantly associated with cognitive impairment among community-dwelling older Japanese. Additional well-controlled longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate whether there may be a possible cause-and-effect relationship between oral health status and cognitive function.

DOI： 10.1002/cre2.2

Effects of diabetes definition on global surveillance of diabetes prevalence and diagnosis: a pooled analysis of 96 population-based studies with 331288 participants Reviewed

Goodarz Danaei, Saman Fahimi, Yuan Lu, Bin Zhou, Kaveh Hajifathalian, Mariachiara Di Cesare, Wei-Cheng Lo, Barbara Reis-Santos, Melanie J. Cowan, Jonathan E. Shaw, James Bentham, John K. Lin, Honor Bixby, Dianna Magliano, Pascal Bovet, J. Jaime Miranda, Young-Ho Khang, Gretchen A. Stevens, Leanne M. Riley, Mohammed K. Ali, Majid Ezzati, Ziad A. Abdeen, Khalid Abdul Kadir, Niveen M. Abu-Rmeileh, Benjamin Acosta-Cazares, Wichai Aekplakorn, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Alireza Ahmadvand, Mohannad Al Nsour, Ala'a Alkerwi, Philippe Amouyel, Lars Bo Andersen, Sigmund A. Anderssen, Dolores S. Andrade, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri, Tahir Aris, Nimmathota Arlappa, Dominique Arveiler, Felix K. Assah, Maria Avdicova, Nagalla Balakrishna, Piotr Bandosz, Carlo M. Barbagallo, Alberto Barcelo, Anwar M. Batieha, Louise A. Baur, Habiba Ben Romdhane, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Santosh K. Bhargava, Yufang Bi, Peter Bjerregaard, Cecilia Bjorkelund, Margaret Blake, Anneke Blokstra, Simona Bo, Bernhard O. Boehm, Carlos P. Boissonnet, Pascal Bovet, Imperia Brajkovich, Juergen Breckenkamp, Lizzy M. Brewster, Garry R. Brian, Graziella Bruno, Anna Bugge, Antonio Cabrera de Leon, Gunay Can, Ana Paula C. Candido, Vincenzo Capuano, Maria J. Carvalho, Felipe F. Casanueva, Carmelo A. Caserta, Katia Castetbon, Snehalatha Chamukuttan, Nishi Chaturvedi, Chien-Jen Chen, Fangfang Chen, Shuohua Chen, Ching-Yu Cheng, Angela Chetrit, Shu-Ti Chiou, Yumi Cho, Jerzy Chudek, Renata Cifkova, Frank Claessens, Hans Concin, Cyrus Cooper, Rachel Cooper, Simona Costanzo, Dominique Cottel, Chris Cowell, Ana B. Crujeiras, Graziella D'Arrigo, Jean Dallongeville, Rachel Dankner, Luc Dauchet, Giovanni de Gaetano, Stefaan De Henauw, Mohan Deepa, Abbas Dehghan, Klodian Dhana, Augusto F. Di Castelnuovo, Shirin Djalalinia, Kouamelan Doua, Wojciech Drygas, Yong Du, Eruke E. Egbagbe, Robert Eggertsen, Jalila El Ati, Roberto Elosua, Rajiv T. Erasmus, Cihangir Erem, Gul Ergor, Louise Eriksen, Jorge Escobedo-De la Penaa, Caroline H. Fall, Farshad Farzadfar, Francisco J. Felix-Redondo, Trevor S. Ferguson, Daniel Fernandez-Berges, Marika Ferrari, Catterina Ferreccio, Joseph D. Finn, Bernhard Foger, Leng Huat Foo, Heba M. Fouad, Damian K. Francis, Maria do Carmo Franco, Oscar H. Franco, Guillermo Frontera, Takuro Furusawa, Zbigniew Gaciong, Andrzej Galbarczyk, Sarah P. Garnett, Jean-Michel Gaspoz, Magda Gasull, Louise Gates, Johanna M. Geleijnse, Anoosheh Ghasemain, Simona Giampaoli, Francesco Gianfagna, Jonathan Giovannelli, Marcela Gonzalez Gross, Juan P. Gonzalez Rivas, Mariano Bonet Gorbea, Frederic Gottrand, Janet F. Grant, Tomasz Grodzicki, Anders Grontved, Grabriella Gruden, Dongfeng Gu, Ong Peng Guan, Ramiro Guerrero, Idris Guessous, Andre L. Guimaraes, Laura Gutierrez, Rebecca Hardy, Rachakulla Hari Kumar, Jiang He, Christin Heidemann, Ilpo Tapani Hihtaniemi, Sai Yin Ho, Suzanne C. Ho, Albert Hofman, Andrea R. V. Russo, Claudia M. Hormiga, Bernardo L. Horta, Leila Houti, Abdullatif S. Hussieni, Inge Huybrechts, Nahla Hwalla, Licia Iacoviello, Anna G. Iannone, Mohsen M. Ibrahim, Nayu Ikeda, M. Arfan Ikram, Vilma E. Irazola, Muhammad Islam, Masanori Iwasaki, Jeremy M. Jacobs, Tazeen Jafar, Grazyna Jasienska, Chao Qiang Jiang, Jost B. Jonas, Pradeep Joshi, Anthony Kafatos, Ofra Kalter-Leibovici, Amir Kasaeian, Joanne Katz, Prabhdeep Kaur, Maryam Kavousi, Roya Kelishadi, Andre P. Kengne, Mathilde Kersting, Yousef Saleh Khader, Young-Ho Khang, Stefan Kiechl, Jeongseon Kim, Yutaka Kiyohara, Patrick Kolsteren, Paul Korrovits, Seppo Koskinen, Wolfgang Kratzer, Daan Kromhout, Krzysztof Kula, Pawel Kurjata, Catherine Kyobutungi, Carl Lachat, Youcef Laid, Tai Hing Lam, Orlando Landrove, Vera Lanska, Georg Lappas, Avula Laxmaiah, Catherine Leclercq, Jeannette Lee, Jeonghee Lee, Terho Lehtimaki, Rampal Lekhraj, Luz M. Leon-Munoz, Yanping Li, Wei-Yen Lim, M. Fernanda Lima-Costa, Hsien-Ho Lin, Xu Lin, Lauren Lissner, Roberto Lorbeer, Jose Eugenio Lozano, Annamari Lundqvist, Per Lytsy, Guansheng Ma, George L. L. Machado-Coelho, Suka Machi, Stefania Maggi, Dianna Magliano, Marcia Makdisse, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao, Yannis Manios, Enzo Manzato, Paula Margozzini, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Reynaldo Martorell, Shariq R. Masoodi, Tandi E. Matsha, Jean Claude N. Mbanya, Shelly R. McFarlane, Stephen T. McGarvey, Stela McLachlan, Breige A. McNulty, Sounnia Mediene-Benchekor, Aline Meirhaeghe, Ana Maria B. Menezes, Shahin Merat, Indrapal I. Meshram, Jie Mi, Juan Francisco Miquel, J. Jaime Miranda, Mostafa K. Mohamed, Kazem Mohammad, Viswanathan Mohan, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff, Niels C. Moller, Denes Molnar, Charles K. Mondo, Luis A. Moreno, Karen Morgan, George Moschonis, Malgorzata Mossakowska, Aya Mostafa, Jorge Mota, Maria L. Muiesan, Martina Muller-Nurasyid, Jaakko Mursu, Gabriele Nagel, Jana Namesna, Ei Ei K. Nang, Vinay B. Nangia, Eva Maria Navarrete-Munoz, Ndeye Coumba Ndiaye, Flavio Nervi, Nguyen D. Nguyen, Ramfi S. E. Nieto-Martinez, Guang Ning, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Marianna Noale, Davide Noto, Angelica M. Ochoa-Aviles, Kyungwon Oh, Altan Onat, Clive Osmond, Johanna A. Otero, Luigi Palmieri, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Francesco Panza, Mahboubeh Parsaeian, Sergio Viana Peixoto, Alexandre C. Pereira, Annette Peters, Niloofar Peykari, Aida Pilav, Freda Pitakaka, Aleksandra Piwonska, Jerzy Piwonski, Pedro Plans-Rubio, Miquel Porta, Marileen L. P. Portegies, Hossein Poustchi, Rajendra Pradeepa, Jacqueline F. Price, Margus Punab, Radwan F. Qasrawi, Mostafa Qorbani, Olli Raitakari, Sudha Ramachandra Rao, Ambady Ramachandran, Rafel Ramos, Sanjay Rampal, Wolfgang Rathmann, Josep Redon, Paul Ferdinand M. Reganit, Fernando Rigo, Sian M. Robinson, Cynthia Robitaille, Laura A. Rodriguez, Fernando Rodriguez-Artalejo, Maria del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Rosalba Rojas-Martinez, Dora Romaguera, Annika Rosengren, Adolfo Rubinstein, Ornelas Rui, Blanca Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Marcin Rutkowski, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Harshpal S. Sachdev, Olfa Saidi, Sibel Sakarya, Benoit Salanave, Jukka T. Salonen, Massimo Salvetti, Jose Sanchez-Abanto, Renata Nunes, Rute Santos, Luis B. Sardinha, Marcia Scazufca, Herman Schargrodsky, Christa Scheidt-Nave, Jonathan E. Shaw, Kenji Shibuya, Youchan Shin, Rahman Shiri, Rosalynn Siantar, Abla M. Sibai, Mary Simon, Judith Simons, Leon A. Simons, Michael Sjostrom, Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer, Przemyslaw Slusarczyk, Liam Smeeth, Marieke B. Snijder, Vincenzo Solfrizzi, Emily Sonestedt, Aicha Soumare, Jan A. Staessen, Jostein Steene-Johannessen, Peter Stehle, Aryeh D. Stein, Jochanan Stessman, Doris Stockl, Jakub Stokwiszewski, Maria Wany Strufaldi, Chien-An Sun, Johan Sundstrom, Paibul Suriyawongpaisal, Rody G. Sy, E. Shyong Tai, Mohammed Tarawneh, Carolina B. Tarqui-Mamani, Lutgarde Thijs, Janne S. Tolstrup, Murat Topbas, Maties Torrent, Pierre Traissac, Oanh T. H. Trinh, Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen, Maria L. Turley, Christophe Tzourio, Peter Ueda, Flora M. Ukoli, Hanno Ulmer, Gonzalo Valdivia, Irene G. M. Van Valkengoed, Dirk Vanderschueren, Diego Vanuzzo, Tomas Vega, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez, Giovanni Veronesi, Monique Verschuren, Jesus Vioque, Jyrki Virtanen, Sophie Visvikis-Siest, Bharathi Viswanathan, Peter Vollenweider, Sari Voutilainen, Alisha N. Wade, Aline Wagner, Janette Walton, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud, Ming-Dong Wang, Ya Xing Wang, S. Goya Wannamethee, Deepa Weerasekera, Peter H. Whincup, Kurt Widhalm, Andrzej Wiecek, Rainford J. Wilks, Johann Willeit, Bogdan Wojtyniak, Tien Yin Wong, Jean Woo, Mark Woodward, Aleksander Giwercman Wu, Frederick C. Wu, Shou Ling Wu, Haiquan Xu, Xiaoguang Yang, Xingwang Ye, Akihiro Yoshihara, Novie O. Younger-Coleman, Sabina Zambon, Abdul Hamid Zargar, Tomasz Zdrojewski, Wenhua Zhao, Yingfeng Zheng

LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY 3 ( 8 ) 624 - 637 2015.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC

Background Diabetes has been defined on the basis of different biomarkers, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test (2hOGTT), and HbA(1c). We assessed the effect of different diagnostic definitions on both the population prevalence of diabetes and the classification of previously undiagnosed individuals as having diabetes versus not having diabetes in a pooled analysis of data from population-based health examination surveys in different regions.
Methods We used data from 96 population-based health examination surveys that had measured at least two of the biomarkers used for defining diabetes. Diabetes was defined using HbA(1c) (HbA(1c) >= 6 . 5% or history of diabetes diagnosis or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs) compared with either FPG only or FPG-or-2hOGTT definitions (FPG >= 7 . 0 mmol/L or 2hOGTT >= 11 . 1 mmol/L or history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated diabetes prevalence, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights. We compared the prevalences of diabetes using different definitions graphically and by regression analyses. We calculated sensitivity and specificity of diabetes diagnosis based on HbA1c compared with diagnosis based on glucose among previously undiagnosed individuals (ie, excluding those with history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated sensitivity and specificity in each survey, and then pooled results using a random-effects model. We assessed the sources of heterogeneity of sensitivity by meta-regressions for study characteristics selected a priori.
Findings Population prevalence of diabetes based on FPG- or-2hOGTT was correlated with prevalence based on FPG alone (r= 0 . 98), but was higher by 2-6 percentage points at different prevalence levels. Prevalence based on HbA(1c) was lower than prevalence based on FPG in 42 . 8% of age-sex-survey groups and higher in another 41 . 6%; in the other 15 . 6%, the two definitions provided similar prevalence estimates. The variation across studies in the relation between glucose-based and HbA(1c)-based prevalences was partly related to participants' age, followed by natural logarithm of per person gross domestic product, the year of survey, mean BMI, and whether the survey population was national, subnational, or from specific communities. Diabetes defined as HbA(1c) 6 . 5% or more had a pooled sensitivity of 52 . 8% (95% CI 51 . 3-54 . 3%) and a pooled specificity of 99 . 74% (99 . 71-99 . 78%) compared with FPG 7 . 0 mmol/L or more for diagnosing previously undiagnosed participants; sensitivity compared with diabetes defined based on FPG-or-2hOGTT was 30 . 5% (28 . 7-32 . 3%). None of the preselected study-level characteristics explained the heterogeneity in the sensitivity of HbA(1c) versus FPG.
Interpretation Different biomarkers and definitions for diabetes can provide different estimates of population prevalence of diabetes, and differentially identify people without previous diagnosis as having diabetes. Using an HbA(1c)-based definition alone in health surveys will not identify a substantial proportion of previously undiagnosed people who would be considered as having diabetes using a glucose-based test.

DOI： 10.1016/S2213-8587(15)00129-1

The Interaction Between beta-3 Adrenergic Receptor and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Gene Polymorphism to Periodontal Disease in Community-Dwelling Elderly Japanese Reviewed

Akihiro Yoshihara, Noriko Sugita, Masanori Iwasaki, Yanming Wang, Hideo Miyazaki, Hiromasa Yoshie, Kazutoshi Nakamura

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY 86 ( 8 ) 955 - 963 2015.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY

Background: It has been hypothesized that beta-3 adrenergic receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARg) might have gene-environmental and gene-gene interactions in periodontal disease. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the interaction between beta-3 adrenergic receptor and PPARg gene polymorphism with periodontal disease.
Methods: Three hundred thirty-two postmenopausal females were enrolled, and their serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were examined. beta-3 adrenergic receptor and PPARg genotypes were then determined. An oral examination was performed. The number of remaining teeth was counted, and the probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured. Prevalence-rate ratios (PRRs) were calculated by multiple Poisson regression analyses to evaluate the relationship among periodontal disease markers, such as the number of sites with CAL 4 to 5 or >= 6 mm or PD 4 to 5 or >= 6 mm, and beta-3 adrenergic receptor polymorphisms, PPARg polymorphisms, and the interaction term adjusted by age, hsCRP, and HbA1c, after converting the number of remaining teeth (n) to an offset variable.
Results: In the participants with body mass index (BMI) >= 25, PRRs of beta-3 adrenergic receptor genotype (Trp/Arg and Arg/Arg) for periodontal disease markers were 0.13 to 0.70 (P <0.0001 to 0.74), those of PPARg genotype (Pro/Pro) were 0.66 to 3.14 (P = 0.01 to 0.68), and those of the interaction term for the two genotypes were 1.69 to 12.61 (P <0.0001 to 0.33). However, in the participants with BMI <25, a constant tendency was not observed.
Conclusion: The results confirmed a positive relationship between the interaction term for beta-3 adrenergic receptor genotype and PPARg genotype and various periodontal markers in obese elderly females.

DOI： 10.1902/jop.2015.140472

障害支援区分からみた知的障害者の口腔保健支援のあり方の検討 Reviewed

植木麻有子, 石川裕子, 米澤大輔, 高橋英樹, 大内章嗣, 葭原明弘

日本歯科衛生学会雑誌 10 ( 1 ) 34 - 42 2015.8

Number of teeth and 5-year mortality in an elderly population Reviewed

Toshinobu Hirotomi, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hiroshi Ogawa, Hideo Miyazaki

COMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 43 ( 3 ) 226 - 231 2015.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

ObjectivesSeveral epidemiological studies have shown the association between tooth loss and mortality. However, the impact of number of teeth on mortality has not yet been fully addressed in an elderly population with many teeth. Thus, the purpose of this cohort study was to assess the possible role of number of teeth as a predictor of mortality in the elderly.
MethodsThe subjects included in this study were generated from a cohort study started in 1998. Oral examinations and the completion of a questionnaire were carried out. A total of 600 subjects aged 70years were enrolled at baseline. All the subjects were in good general health and did not require any special care for their daily activities. The 5-year mortality data were collected after the baseline survey. After excluding those with incomplete data, 569 subjects were analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze survival curves and a Cox regression model to clarify the impact of the number of remaining teeth on the 5-year mortality.
ResultsDuring the follow-up period, 25 (4.4%) subjects died. Subjects with 20 teeth or more had a significantly lower mortality rate (2.5%) than those with 19 teeth or fewer (6.1%, log-rank test, P=0.036). Even after adjusting for confounders including gender, BMI, serum albumin level, current smoking status, education, number of family members living together and a history of chronic diseases, the risk of all-cause mortality was significantly associated with the number of remaining teeth (P=0.047) with a hazard ratio of 0.96, indicating that there was a 4% point increase in the 5-year survival rate per additional tooth retained at the age of 70.
ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that retaining more teeth might be a useful indicator for longevity of older people.

DOI： 10.1111/cdoe.12146

高齢者における食事パターンと現在歯数の関連

木村秀喜, 渡邊智子, 鈴木亜夕帆, 岩崎正則, 葭原明弘, 宮崎秀夫

新潟歯学会雑誌 45 ( 1 ) 27 - 28 2015.6

Relationships between IL-6 gene polymorphism, low BMD and periodontitis in postmenopausal women Reviewed

Y. Hanai, N. Sugita, Y. Wang, A. Yoshihara, M. Iwasaki, H. Miyazaki, K. Nakamura, H. Yoshie

ARCHIVES OF ORAL BIOLOGY 60 ( 4 ) 533 - 539 2015.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD

Objective: IL-6 plays critical roles in bone resorption and the pathogenesis of periodontitis in both inflammation and alveolar bone loss. A negative correlation was observed between periodontitis and truncal bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. The C allele carriers of a genetic polymorphism IL-6-572G/C have higher levels of serum IL-6 compared to G allele carriers. We investigated the possible effect of IL-6-572G/C polymorphism on the relationship between low BMD and periodontitis in postmenopausal women.
Subjects and methods: A total of 300 postmenopausal Japanese women who lived in Yokogoshi area of Niigata City, Japan, participated in this study. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. The IL-6-572G/C genotypes were determined by the restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Bone mineral density (BMD) of right femoral neck and serum bone metabolism markers were measured. Low BMD was defined to have the BMD < 80% of the mean for young adults. Periodontal parameters at two sites per tooth were measured.
Results: Serum osteocalcin levels were significantly lower in the IL-6-572G/G genotype (p = 0.025). In the -572G allele non-carriers, percentages of PPD >= 4 mm sites were significantly higher in low BMD group compared with the healthy control group (p = 0.021). Logistic regression analysis revealed low BMD to be associated with periodontitis (Odds ratio = 1.736, p = 0.027) after adjusted with IL-6-572G carriage, age, serum albumin level.
Conclusions: IL-6-572G/C polymorphism was not an independent risk factor of low BMD or periodontitis, but may affect the relationship between the two diseases in postmenopausal Japanese women. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

DOI： 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.12.005

Longitudinal Relationship Between Metabolic Syndrome and Periodontal Disease Among Japanese Adults Aged >= 70 Years: The Niigata Study

Masanori Iwasaki, Misuzu Sato, Kumiko Minagawa, Michael C. Manz, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY 86 ( 4 ) 491 - 498 2015.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY

Background: There has been little evaluation in longitudinal epidemiologic studies of the effect of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on periodontal status. The specific aim of this longitudinal study is to investigate whether MetS in the Japanese population could be a risk factor for periodontal disease.
Methods: A total of 125 older adults from Japan for whom data were available for the years 2003 to 2006 were selected for the current study. Full-mouth periodontal status, measured as clinical attachment level (CAL), was recorded at baseline and in follow-up examinations. Development of periodontal disease was considered to be >= 2 teeth demonstrating a longitudinal loss of proximal attachment of >= 3 mm at the follow-up dental examination. A multivariable Poisson regression model with robust error variance was used to evaluate the association of MetS defined by the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria with development of periodontal disease. Adjustments for sex, income, education, smoking status, number of teeth at baseline, mean CAL at baseline, pattern of visits to a dentist, and brushing frequency were considered.
Results: The prevalence of MetS was 21.6% (27/125). Study participants with MetS were approximately 2.6 times more likely to develop periodontal disease (adjusted relative risk 2.58, 95% confidence interval 1.17 to 5.67) after simultaneous adjustment for other covariates.
Conclusions: These findings support the hypothesis that MetS may be a risk factor for periodontal disease in older Japanese individuals. Additional studies with larger, more diverse populations and more complete information are needed to substantiate the findings.

DOI： 10.1902/jop.2015.140398

地域在住高齢者における歯・口腔の健康が認知機能検査スコアに与える影響 Reviewed

岩崎正則, 葭原明弘, 小川祐司, 山賀孝之, 佐藤美寿々, 安細敏弘, 宮崎秀夫

口腔衛生学会雑誌 65 ( 2 ) 195 - 195 2015.4

Relationship between metabolic syndrome and periodontitis in 80-year-old Japanese subjects Reviewed

K. Minagawa, M. Iwasaki, H. Ogawa, A. Yoshihara, H. Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH 50 ( 2 ) 173 - 179 2015.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY

Background and ObjectivePotentially significant associations between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and periodontitis have been reported in recent studies; however, there are limited data on their association in the very old. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between MetS and periodontitis among 80-year-old Japanese subjects.
Material and MethodsThe subjects were 234 Japanese aged 80years old who participated in a health and periodontal examination in June 2008 in Niigata city, Japan, and were classified into three groups: (i) severe periodontitis: having six or more interproximal sites with clinical attachment level 6mm and three or more interproximal sites with probing pocket depth (PPD) 5mm (not on the same tooth) (n=19); (ii) moderate periodontitis: having six or more interproximal sites with clinical attachment level 4mm or six or more interproximal sites with PPD 5mm (not on the same tooth) (n=162); and (iii) no or mild periodontitis: neither moderate nor severe periodontitis (n=53). MetS was defined using the modified criteria of the guidelines for the diagnosis of MetS in Japan. An ordinal logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between MetS and periodontitis. Adjustments for gender, income, education, smoking status, dental visiting patterns, brushing frequency, exercise habits and dietary energy and food intake were considered.
ResultsOverall, 57 individuals (24.4%) were diagnosed as having MetS. MetS was associated with the presence and severity of periodontitis (crude odds ratio=2.24, 95% confidence interval=1.14-4.41). This association remained statistically significant after multivariate adjustments (adjusted odds ratio=2.10, 95% confidence interval=1.03-4.28).
ConclusionOur findings provide evidence of an association between MetS and periodontitis in elderly Japanese.

DOI： 10.1111/jre.12190

歯科医師および歯科衛生士数と医院の担える診療内容との関連

皆川久美子, 葭原明弘, 荒井節男, 清田義和, 宮崎秀夫

口腔衛生学会雑誌 65 ( 2 ) 255 - 255 2015.4

成人女性に対する歯周病予防の取り組みへの提案

皆川久美子, 葭原明弘, 宮崎秀夫

口腔衛生学会雑誌 65 ( 1 ) 53 - 53 2015.1

Association between dental status and food diversity among older Japanese Reviewed

Masanori Iwasaki, Y. Kimura, A. Yoshihara, H. Ogawa, T. Yamaga, T. Takiguchi, T. Wada, R. Sakamoto, Y. Ishimoto, E. Fukutomi, W. Chen, H. Imai, M. Fujisawa, K. Okumiya, M. C. Manz, H. Miyazaki, K. Matsubayashi

Community Dental Health 32 ( 2 ) 104 - 110 2015

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Dennis Barber Ltd

Objective: To investigate the relationship of dental status to food diversity among older Japanese. Design and Setting: A community-based cross-sectional study conducted in the town of Tosa, Kochi Prefecture, Japan. Methods: The study participants were 252 Japanese (84 men and 168 women, average age 81.2 years) and dentate participants were classified into three groups: 1-9 teeth, 10-19 teeth and 20 or more teeth. Food diversity was assessed as a validated measure of dietary quality using the 11-item Food Diversity Score Kyoto (FDSK-11), which evaluates frequency of consumption of 11 main food groups. Multivariable analysis of the differences in FDSK-11 score ranging from 0 to 11, with a higher score indicating greater food diversity, among the three dental status groups was conducted using general linear models. All the performed analyses were stratified by gender. Results: There was no association between dental status and food diversity score in models for men. In contrast, women with ≤9 teeth and with 10-19 teeth had significantly lower FDSK-11 scores than women with ≥20 teeth after adjusting for confounders (p&lt
0.001 and p=0.009, respectively). Additionally, there was a trend toward lower scores for FDSK-11 with fewer teeth (p=0.001). Conclusion: A less varied diet, as indicated by low FDSK-11 score, was observed in female participants with fewer teeth. Tooth loss was associated with poor diet quality among older Japanese women.

DOI： 10.1922/CDH_3502Iwasaki07

Low dietary diversity among older Japanese adults with impaired dentition Reviewed

Iwasaki M, Kimura Y, Yoshihara A, Ogawa H, Yamaga T, Wada T, Sakamoto R, Ishimoto Y, Fukutomi E, Vhen WL, Imai H, Fujisawa M, Okumiya K, Manz MC, Ansai T, Miyazaki H, Matsubayashi K

Journal of Dentistry and Oral Hygiene 7 ( 4 ) 40 - 43 2015

Analysis of tooth brushing cycles Reviewed

Yuki Tosaka, Kuniko Nakakura-Ohshima, Nozomi Murakami, Rikako Ishii, Issei Saitoh, Yoko Iwase, Akihiro Yoshihara, Akitsugu Ohuchi, Haruaki Hayasaki

CLINICAL ORAL INVESTIGATIONS 18 ( 8 ) 2045 - 2053 2014.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SPRINGER HEIDELBERG

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of an analysis of tooth brushing cycles using a system that measures tooth brushing motion and brushing force with an accelerometer and strain tension gage attached to a toothbrush.
Mechanical plaque removal with a manual toothbrush remains the primary method of maintaining good oral hygiene for the majority of the population. Because toothbrush motion has not been fully understood, it should be clarified by analysis of tooth brushing cycles.
Twenty healthy female dental hygienists participated in this study. Their tooth brushing motions were measured and analyzed using an American Dental Association-approved manual toothbrush to which a three-dimensional (3-D) accelerometer and strain tension gage were attached. 3-D motion and brushing force on the labial surface of the mandibular right central incisor and the lingual surface of the mandibular left first molar were measured, analyzed, and compared. Multilevel linear model analysis was applied to estimate variables and compare motion and forces related to the two tooth surfaces.
The analysis of tooth brushing cycles was feasible, and significant differences were detected for durations and 3-D ranges of toothbrush motion as well as brushing force between the two tooth surfaces.
The analysis used in this study demonstrated an ability to detect characteristics of tooth brushing motion, showing tooth brushing motion to change depending on the brushed location. These results also suggest that more detailed instructions might be required according to patient's oral condition.

DOI： 10.1007/s00784-013-1172-3

Analysis of tooth brushing cycles Reviewed

Yuki Tosaka, Kuniko Nakakura-Ohshima, Nozomi Murakami, Rikako Ishii, Issei Saitoh, Yoko Iwase, Akihiro Yoshihara, Akitsugu Ohuchi, Haruaki Hayasaki

CLINICAL ORAL INVESTIGATIONS 18 ( 8 ) 2045 - 2053 2014.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SPRINGER HEIDELBERG

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of an analysis of tooth brushing cycles using a system that measures tooth brushing motion and brushing force with an accelerometer and strain tension gage attached to a toothbrush.
Mechanical plaque removal with a manual toothbrush remains the primary method of maintaining good oral hygiene for the majority of the population. Because toothbrush motion has not been fully understood, it should be clarified by analysis of tooth brushing cycles.
Twenty healthy female dental hygienists participated in this study. Their tooth brushing motions were measured and analyzed using an American Dental Association-approved manual toothbrush to which a three-dimensional (3-D) accelerometer and strain tension gage were attached. 3-D motion and brushing force on the labial surface of the mandibular right central incisor and the lingual surface of the mandibular left first molar were measured, analyzed, and compared. Multilevel linear model analysis was applied to estimate variables and compare motion and forces related to the two tooth surfaces.
The analysis of tooth brushing cycles was feasible, and significant differences were detected for durations and 3-D ranges of toothbrush motion as well as brushing force between the two tooth surfaces.
The analysis used in this study demonstrated an ability to detect characteristics of tooth brushing motion, showing tooth brushing motion to change depending on the brushed location. These results also suggest that more detailed instructions might be required according to patient's oral condition.

DOI： 10.1007/s00784-013-1172-3

Oral health status: relationship to nutrient and food intake among 80-year-old Japanese adults Reviewed

Masanori Iwasaki, George W. Taylor, Michael C. Manz, Akihiro Yoshihara, Misuzu Sato, Kanako Muramatsu, Reiko Watanabe, Hideo Miyazaki

COMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 42 ( 5 ) 441 - 450 2014.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

ObjectivesThe aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship of oral health status defined on the basis of presence of posterior occluding pairs (POPs) and adequacy of removable denture fit as determined by self-report to nutrient and food intake among older Japanese.
MethodsThe subjects were 353 Japanese aged 80years in 2008 and were classified into four groups according to the number of POPs, defined as pairs of occluding natural, restored, or fixed prosthetic postcanine teeth (range: 0-8) and removable denture status. The groups were: (i) good dentition (n=56; 8 POPs and no removable prosthesis), (ii) well-fitting dentures (n=158; <8 POPs with self-reported good-fitting dentures), (iii) ill-fitting dentures (n=70; <8 POPs with self-reported ill-fitting dentures), and (iv) compromised dentition (n=69; <8 POPs and no removable prosthesis). Multivariable analysis of the differences in nutrient and food intake outcome variables which were collected via validated food frequency questionnaire among the four oral health status groups was conducted using general linear models.
ResultsIntake of multiple nutrients was significantly (P<0.05) lower in the group with ill-fitting dentures or compromised dentition than in the good dentition group. Vegetable, fish, and shellfish consumption was significantly lower in the ill-fitting dentures or compromised dentition groups. No significant differences were seen in dietary intake between the well-fitting dentures and good dentition groups.
ConclusionsDietary intake was poorer in those with self-perceived ill-fitting dentures or fewer POPs than among those having all POPs. Regular dental care to maintain intact dentition, as well as dental treatment to replace missing teeth and ensure adequate denture fit and function, may be important to the diet intake and subsequent nutritional status of older Japanese.

DOI： 10.1111/cdoe.12100

Oral health status: relationship to nutrient and food intake among 80-year-old Japanese adults Reviewed

Masanori Iwasaki, George W. Taylor, Michael C. Manz, Akihiro Yoshihara, Misuzu Sato, Kanako Muramatsu, Reiko Watanabe, Hideo Miyazaki

COMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 42 ( 5 ) 441 - 450 2014.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

ObjectivesThe aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship of oral health status defined on the basis of presence of posterior occluding pairs (POPs) and adequacy of removable denture fit as determined by self-report to nutrient and food intake among older Japanese.
MethodsThe subjects were 353 Japanese aged 80years in 2008 and were classified into four groups according to the number of POPs, defined as pairs of occluding natural, restored, or fixed prosthetic postcanine teeth (range: 0-8) and removable denture status. The groups were: (i) good dentition (n=56; 8 POPs and no removable prosthesis), (ii) well-fitting dentures (n=158; <8 POPs with self-reported good-fitting dentures), (iii) ill-fitting dentures (n=70; <8 POPs with self-reported ill-fitting dentures), and (iv) compromised dentition (n=69; <8 POPs and no removable prosthesis). Multivariable analysis of the differences in nutrient and food intake outcome variables which were collected via validated food frequency questionnaire among the four oral health status groups was conducted using general linear models.
ResultsIntake of multiple nutrients was significantly (P<0.05) lower in the group with ill-fitting dentures or compromised dentition than in the good dentition group. Vegetable, fish, and shellfish consumption was significantly lower in the ill-fitting dentures or compromised dentition groups. No significant differences were seen in dietary intake between the well-fitting dentures and good dentition groups.
ConclusionsDietary intake was poorer in those with self-perceived ill-fitting dentures or fewer POPs than among those having all POPs. Regular dental care to maintain intact dentition, as well as dental treatment to replace missing teeth and ensure adequate denture fit and function, may be important to the diet intake and subsequent nutritional status of older Japanese.

DOI： 10.1111/cdoe.12100

Comparison of periodontal conditions among three elderly populations in Japan and Germany Reviewed

Toshinobu Hirotomi, Thomas Kocher, Akihiro Yoshihara, Reiner Biffar, Wolfgang Micheelis, Thomas Hoffmann, Hideo Miyazaki, Birte Holtfreter

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY 41 ( 7 ) 633 - 642 2014.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Aim: There is a growing interest in comparing periodontal conditions between countries. This study compared periodontal disease conditions in three elderly populations- one from Japan and two from Germany.
Materials and Methods: We compared periodontal data of 70-year-old subjects from the Niigata Study with 65-74-year-old subjects from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) and from West Germany (DMS III). A total of 489, 399 and 549 dentate subjects were analysed, respectively. Recording protocols were standardized. Linear or logistic models were used to compare Niigata Study with SHIP.
Results: Elderly German subjects in SHIP and DMS III had significantly more severe periodontal conditions and fewer remaining teeth compared to those in Niigata Study, though differences were less pronounced for DMS III. German subjects showed a significantly different pattern of various periodontal risk factors compared to Japanese subjects. Even after adjustment for putative periodontal risk factors, SHIP subjects still presented significantly higher adjusted values for most periodontal parameters compared to Niigata Study subjects (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: Periodontitis was more prevalent in SHIP compared with Niigata Study, even after comprehensive risk factor adjustment. Only to a very small extent, differences between studies could be explained by the risk factors explored.

DOI： 10.1111/jcpe.12267

Comparison of periodontal conditions among three elderly populations in Japan and Germany Reviewed

Toshinobu Hirotomi, Thomas Kocher, Akihiro Yoshihara, Reiner Biffar, Wolfgang Micheelis, Thomas Hoffmann, Hideo Miyazaki, Birte Holtfreter

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY 41 ( 7 ) 633 - 642 2014.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Aim: There is a growing interest in comparing periodontal conditions between countries. This study compared periodontal disease conditions in three elderly populations- one from Japan and two from Germany.
Materials and Methods: We compared periodontal data of 70-year-old subjects from the Niigata Study with 65-74-year-old subjects from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) and from West Germany (DMS III). A total of 489, 399 and 549 dentate subjects were analysed, respectively. Recording protocols were standardized. Linear or logistic models were used to compare Niigata Study with SHIP.
Results: Elderly German subjects in SHIP and DMS III had significantly more severe periodontal conditions and fewer remaining teeth compared to those in Niigata Study, though differences were less pronounced for DMS III. German subjects showed a significantly different pattern of various periodontal risk factors compared to Japanese subjects. Even after adjustment for putative periodontal risk factors, SHIP subjects still presented significantly higher adjusted values for most periodontal parameters compared to Niigata Study subjects (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: Periodontitis was more prevalent in SHIP compared with Niigata Study, even after comprehensive risk factor adjustment. Only to a very small extent, differences between studies could be explained by the risk factors explored.

DOI： 10.1111/jcpe.12267

Association between low renal function and tooth loss over 5 years Reviewed

Akihiro Yoshihara, Masanori Iwasaki, Hideo Miyazaki, Kazutoshi Nakamura

GERODONTOLOGY 31 ( 2 ) 111 - 116 2014.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

ObjectivesThis longitudinal study evaluated the relationship between low renal function and tooth loss in elderly subjects.
Material and methodsSubjects comprised 406 female subjects (55-74years old) who agreed to participate in a baseline examination and a follow-up examination after 5years. Serum cystatin C levels were used to assess renal function. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between tooth loss and change in serum cystatin C levels over 5years. Tooth loss over 5years (0: no, 1: yes) was used as the dependent variable. Seven variables were used as independent variables, including change in serum cystatin C levels over 5years.
ResultsResults of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that cystatin C change over 5years, age, number of remaining teeth at baseline, number of sites with 4mm clinical attachment level at baseline and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels at baseline were significantly associated with tooth loss. The odds ratio for tooth loss with cystatin C change over 5years was 7.70 (p=0.029).
ConclusionThis study indicates a relationship between serum cystatin C levels and number of missing teeth, and thus suggests that low renal function is associated with tooth loss.

DOI： 10.1111/ger.12015

Association between low renal function and tooth loss over 5 years Reviewed

Akihiro Yoshihara, Masanori Iwasaki, Hideo Miyazaki, Kazutoshi Nakamura

GERODONTOLOGY 31 ( 2 ) 111 - 116 2014.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

ObjectivesThis longitudinal study evaluated the relationship between low renal function and tooth loss in elderly subjects.
Material and methodsSubjects comprised 406 female subjects (55-74years old) who agreed to participate in a baseline examination and a follow-up examination after 5years. Serum cystatin C levels were used to assess renal function. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between tooth loss and change in serum cystatin C levels over 5years. Tooth loss over 5years (0: no, 1: yes) was used as the dependent variable. Seven variables were used as independent variables, including change in serum cystatin C levels over 5years.
ResultsResults of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that cystatin C change over 5years, age, number of remaining teeth at baseline, number of sites with 4mm clinical attachment level at baseline and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels at baseline were significantly associated with tooth loss. The odds ratio for tooth loss with cystatin C change over 5years was 7.70 (p=0.029).
ConclusionThis study indicates a relationship between serum cystatin C levels and number of missing teeth, and thus suggests that low renal function is associated with tooth loss.

DOI： 10.1111/ger.12015

高齢者における歯周病が医療費に及ぼす影響

佐藤美寿々, 岩崎正則, 葭原明弘, 宮崎秀夫

新潟歯学会雑誌 44 ( 1 ) 56 - 56 2014.6

The interaction between beta-3 adrenergic receptor polymorphism and obesity to periodontal disease in community-dwelling elderly Japanese Reviewed

Akihiro Yoshihara, Noriko Sugita, Masanori Iwasaki, Hideo Miyazaki, Kazutoshi Nakamura

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY 41 ( 5 ) 460 - 466 2014.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to elucidate whether the association between beta-3 adrenergic receptor polymorphism and periodontal disease is modified by body weight.
Material and Methods
We enrolled 332 postmenopausal women and determined their HbA1C levels (%) and beta-3 adrenergic receptor (rs4994) genotypes. Periodontal parameters including clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured. After selecting subjects for each body mass index (BMI) level, the prevalence rate ratio (PRR) by multiple Poisson regression analysis was calculated to evaluate the relationship between periodontal disease and beta-3 adrenergic receptor polymorphism. The number of sites with CAL >= 6mm was used as a dependent variable, and beta-3 adrenergic receptor genotype [categorized as Arg non-carriers (reference) or Arg carriers], age (y) and HbA1C (%) were adopted as independent variables. We converted the number of probing sites (n) to an offset variable.
Results
The PRR of the beta-3 adrenergic receptor genotype for the number of sites of CAL >= 6mm showed a positive association in subjects with BMI >= 25.0 and increased markedly with BMI. The PRR in subjects with BMI >= 30 was 3.10 (p<0.0001).
Conclusion
This study indicates a positive association between periodontal disease and the beta-3 adrenergic receptor genotype in obese individuals.

DOI： 10.1111/jcpe.12235

The interaction between beta-3 adrenergic receptor polymorphism and obesity to periodontal disease in community-dwelling elderly Japanese Reviewed

Akihiro Yoshihara, Noriko Sugita, Masanori Iwasaki, Hideo Miyazaki, Kazutoshi Nakamura

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY 41 ( 5 ) 460 - 466 2014.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to elucidate whether the association between beta-3 adrenergic receptor polymorphism and periodontal disease is modified by body weight.
Material and Methods
We enrolled 332 postmenopausal women and determined their HbA1C levels (%) and beta-3 adrenergic receptor (rs4994) genotypes. Periodontal parameters including clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured. After selecting subjects for each body mass index (BMI) level, the prevalence rate ratio (PRR) by multiple Poisson regression analysis was calculated to evaluate the relationship between periodontal disease and beta-3 adrenergic receptor polymorphism. The number of sites with CAL >= 6mm was used as a dependent variable, and beta-3 adrenergic receptor genotype [categorized as Arg non-carriers (reference) or Arg carriers], age (y) and HbA1C (%) were adopted as independent variables. We converted the number of probing sites (n) to an offset variable.
Results
The PRR of the beta-3 adrenergic receptor genotype for the number of sites of CAL >= 6mm showed a positive association in subjects with BMI >= 25.0 and increased markedly with BMI. The PRR in subjects with BMI >= 30 was 3.10 (p<0.0001).
Conclusion
This study indicates a positive association between periodontal disease and the beta-3 adrenergic receptor genotype in obese individuals.

DOI： 10.1111/jcpe.12235

乳幼児健診に併設し歯科衛生士が実施する個別指導による歯科保健行動の変容

皆川久美子, 葭原明弘, 金子昇, 林悠子, 藤山友紀, 宮崎秀夫

口腔衛生学会雑誌 64 ( 2 ) 245 - 245 2014.4

8020(ハチマルニイマル)と全身の健康の関連に関する医療費分析調査

岩崎正則, 佐藤美寿々, 葭原明弘, 宮崎秀夫

口腔衛生学会雑誌 64 ( 2 ) 164 - 164 2014.4

Mandibular inferior cortex erosion as a sign of elevated total serum calcium in elderly people: a 9-year follow-up study Reviewed

B. Kiswanjaya, A. Yoshihara, H. Miyazaki

DENTOMAXILLOFACIAL RADIOLOGY 43 ( 3 ) 2014.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：BRITISH INST RADIOLOGY

Objectives: The mandibular inferior cortex (MIC) classification that was determined by observing the mandible distally from the mental foramen in panoramic radiography can be considered to reflect bone loss in the jaws. The purpose of this 9-year study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between MIC condition and total serum calcium (TSC) in elderly Japanese people.
Methods: A total of 280 subjects aged 70 years at baseline (137 males and 143 females) took part in this longitudinal study design. TSC and dental panoramic radiographs were carried out at the baseline in 1998 and the final year in 2007.
Results: The results of the MIC measurement were divided into two groups according to changes in MIC after the 9-year study period, namely no change group and change group. A significant relationship was found in females but not in males between the MIC condition and the TSC. The regression showed that female subjects are 3.26 times more likely to have increased erosion of the inferior border of the mandible than male subjects after the 9-year study period.
Conclusions: These results suggest that an increase in erosion of the inferior border of the mandible was significantly associated with an elevated TSC after 9 years and only in females.

DOI： 10.1259/dmfr.20130341

保育園児に対する口腔機能向上訓練の構音機能への効果について Reviewed

平野真弓, 葭原明弘, 宮﨑秀夫

新潟歯学会雑誌 44 27 - 32 2014

Serum antibody to Porphyromonas gingivalis in metabolic syndrome among an older Japanese population Reviewed

M Iwasaki, K Minagawa, M Sato, N Kaneko, S Imai, A Yoshihara, H Miyazaki

Gerodontology 2014

臨床指針 Reviewed

八重垣健, 秋房住郎, 天野敦雄, 薄井由枝, 葭原明弘

日本口腔衛生学会雑誌 64 296 - 298 2014

High serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels do not retard postmenopausal bone loss in Japanese women: the Yokogoshi study Reviewed

Kaori Kitamura, Kazutoshi Nakamura, Toshiko Saito, Ryosaku Kobayashi, Rieko Oshiki, Tomoko Nishiwaki, Masanori Iwasaki, Akihiro Yoshihara

ARCHIVES OF OSTEOPOROSIS 8 ( 1-2 ) 153 2013.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SPRINGER LONDON LTD

We conducted a cohort study exploring an association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (serum 25(OH)D) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and 5-year changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in 482 postmenopausal women. High serum 25(OH)D levels do not retard postmenopausal bone loss within the lumbar spine or femoral neck, and high PTH levels potentially increase hip bone loss.
Purpose The aim of this study was to explore an association between serum 25(OH)D levels and 5-year changes in BMD in postmenopausal women.
Methods This 5-year cohort study included 482 women between 55 and 74 years of age who lived in a community in Japan. Medical examinations were conducted in 2005 and 2010. Data were obtained on baseline serum 25(OH)D and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels. Outcomes of this study were 5-year changes in BMDs of the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Covariates included years since menopause, body mass index (BMI), lifestyle factors, and weight change. Changes in BMDs among quartiles of serum 25(OH)D were compared with analysis of covariance.
Results The mean age of subjects was 63.1 years, and mean serum25(OH)D levelswere 56.0 nmol/L. Age and decrease in weight were significantly associated with decreases in BMDs of both the lumbar spine (P for trend<0.001 and =0.002, respectively) and femoral neck (P for trend=0.026 and <0.001, respectively); low BMI was associated with a decrease in lumbar spine BMD (P for trend<0.001). No significant associations were found between serum 25(OH)D levels and changes in BMDs. High serum iPTH levels were associated with a greater decrease in femoral neck BMD (P for trend=0.026).
Conclusions High serum 25(OH)D levels do not retard postmenopausal bone loss within the lumbar spine or femoral neck, and high PTH levels potentially increase hip bone loss.

DOI： 10.1007/s11657-013-0153-0

Association between low bone mineral density and clinical attachment loss in Japanese postmenopausal females Reviewed

Masanori Iwasaki, George W. Taylor, Kazutoshi Nakamura, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki

Journal of Periodontology 84 ( 12 ) 1708 - 1716 2013.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Background: Previous studies have shown conflicting results as to whether low bone mineral density (BMD) is associated with severe clinical attachment loss (AL). The effect of dental restoration on AL was not considered in most studies. In addition, studies of this association in Japanese individuals are limited. The aim of this crosssectional study is to evaluate the possible association between BMD and AL with dental restoration information in Japanese community-dwelling postmenopausal females. Methods: The participants were 397 females (average age: 68.2 years). BMDs of the lumbar spine and right proximal femur were measured by the dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry method. Based on lower BMD/young adult mean (YAM) among the two sites measured, participants were classified into three groups: 1) normal: BMD = 80% YAM or higher (n = 161)
2) osteopenia: BMD = 70% to 80% YAM (n = 136)
and 3) osteoporosis: BMD = &lt
70% YAM (n = 100). Multivariable analyses of the differences in AL values among three BMD groups was conducted using general linear models. Adjustments for the percentage of teeth restored and other covariates were considered. Results: Individuals with osteopenia had significantly higher average AL than individuals with normal BMD (P = 0.022). Additionally, the osteoporosis group displayed significantly higher average AL (P = 0.003) and higher percentages of sites with AL ≥4 mm (P = 0.007). Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that low systemic BMD was associated with severe AL in Japanese community-dwelling postmenopausal females.

DOI： 10.1902/jop.2013.120613

High serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels do not retard postmenopausal bone loss in Japanese women: the Yokogoshi study

Kaori Kitamura, Kazutoshi Nakamura, Toshiko Saito, Ryosaku Kobayashi, Rieko Oshiki, Tomoko Nishiwaki, Masanori Iwasaki, Akihiro Yoshihara

ARCHIVES OF OSTEOPOROSIS 8 ( 1-2 ) 153 2013.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SPRINGER LONDON LTD

We conducted a cohort study exploring an association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (serum 25(OH)D) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and 5-year changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in 482 postmenopausal women. High serum 25(OH)D levels do not retard postmenopausal bone loss within the lumbar spine or femoral neck, and high PTH levels potentially increase hip bone loss.
Purpose The aim of this study was to explore an association between serum 25(OH)D levels and 5-year changes in BMD in postmenopausal women.
Methods This 5-year cohort study included 482 women between 55 and 74 years of age who lived in a community in Japan. Medical examinations were conducted in 2005 and 2010. Data were obtained on baseline serum 25(OH)D and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels. Outcomes of this study were 5-year changes in BMDs of the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Covariates included years since menopause, body mass index (BMI), lifestyle factors, and weight change. Changes in BMDs among quartiles of serum 25(OH)D were compared with analysis of covariance.
Results The mean age of subjects was 63.1 years, and mean serum25(OH)D levelswere 56.0 nmol/L. Age and decrease in weight were significantly associated with decreases in BMDs of both the lumbar spine (P for trend<0.001 and =0.002, respectively) and femoral neck (P for trend=0.026 and <0.001, respectively); low BMI was associated with a decrease in lumbar spine BMD (P for trend<0.001). No significant associations were found between serum 25(OH)D levels and changes in BMDs. High serum iPTH levels were associated with a greater decrease in femoral neck BMD (P for trend=0.026).
Conclusions High serum 25(OH)D levels do not retard postmenopausal bone loss within the lumbar spine or femoral neck, and high PTH levels potentially increase hip bone loss.

DOI： 10.1007/s11657-013-0153-0

Serum albumin levels and 10-year tooth loss in a 70-year-old population Reviewed

A. Yoshihara, M. Iwasaki, H. Ogawa, H. Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION 40 ( 9 ) 678 - 685 2013.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Serum albumin levels are a practical marker of general health status in the elderly and have been used to determine the severity of underlying diseases and the risk for death. This longitudinal study evaluated the relationship between serum albumin concentrations and tooth loss over 10years in elderly subjects, after controlling for confounding factors. A sample of 554 dentate subjects among enrolled subjects (n=600) was involved in this planned longitudinal study with follow-up examinations after 5 and 10years. At the 5-year follow-up, 373 (673%), subjects were available for re-examination. In addition, 331 (597%) were available at the 10-year follow-up. Multiple Poisson regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between the number of missing teeth over 5 or 10years and serum albumin levels at baseline after adjusting for 10 variables: gender, serum markers levels at baseline, dental status, smoking habits and educational years and oral health behaviour. The number of missing teeth over 5 or 10years was significantly negatively associated with serum albumin levels at baseline [incidence rate ratios (IRR)=0373, P<00001 for 5years; IRR=0570, P<00001 for 10years]. We conclude that elderly subjects with hypoalbuminemia are at high risk for 5- and 10-year tooth loss.

DOI： 10.1111/joor.12083

Evaluation of chewing ability and its relationship with activities of daily living, depression, cognitive status and food intake in the community-dwelling elderly Reviewed

Yumi Kimura, Hiroshi Ogawa, Akihiro Yoshihara, Takayuki Yamaga, Tomoya Takiguchi, Taizo Wada, Ryota Sakamoto, Yasuko Ishimoto, Eriko Fukutomi, Wenling Chen, Michiko Fujisawa, Kiyohito Okumiya, Kuniaki Otsuka, Hideo Miyazaki, Kozo Matsubayashi

GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 13 ( 3 ) 718 - 725 2013.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess chewing ability using color-changeable chewing gum and to show the association between chewing ability and geriatric functions, as well as dietary status in the community-dwelling elderly.
Methods: The study population consisted of 269 community-dwelling elderly aged >= 75 living in Tosa, Japan. Assessment of chewing ability was carried out by a dentist using color-changeable chewing gum. Activities of daily living (ADL), depression and subjective quality of life (QOL) were assessed by questionnaire. Cognitive status was assessed by; Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Hasegawa Dementia Scale-Revised (HDS-R) and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) during the check-up. Food diversity was assessed using the 11-item Food Diversity Score Kyoto (FDSK-11).
Results: Number of teeth was significantly related to chewing ability (P < 0.001). The participants with low chewing ability had significantly lower ADL scores in the items of self-maintenance (P = 0.029) and intellectual activity (P = 0.021). There was a significant association between low chewing ability and depression (P < 0.001). Lower cognitive functions were significantly related to low chewing ability; MMSE (P = 0.022), HDSR (P = 0.017) and FAB (P = 0.002). The participants with low chewing ability had lower food variety (P < 0.001), and less frequent intake of beans, vegetables, seaweed and nuts, than the participants with high chewing ability.
Conclusion: Low chewing ability evaluated by color-changeable gum was associated with lower ADL, lower cognitive functioning, depression and food insufficiency in the community-dwelling elderly. More attention should be paid to assessing chewing ability of elderly persons in community settings. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 13: 718-725.

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.12006

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma polymorphism, vitamin D, bone mineral density and periodontitis in postmenopausal women Reviewed

Y. Wang, N. Sugita, A. Yoshihara, M. Iwasaki, H. Miyazaki, K. Nakamura, H. Yoshie

ORAL DISEASES 19 ( 5 ) 501 - 506 2013.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

OBJECTIVES: PPARg regulates bone metabolism and inflammation. Our previous study suggested PPARg Pro12Ala polymorphism to represent a susceptibility factor for periodontitis in pregnant Japanese women. Several recent papers have drawn attention to a possible link between low bone mineral density (BMD) and periodontitis in postmenopausal women. Since the pathogenesis for both involve bone remodeling, they might share common risk factors such as gene polymorphisms and vitamin D level. The present study investigated possible associations between the PPARgPro12Ala polymorphism, periodontitis, BMD and serum 25(OH)D in postmenopausal Japanese women.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: PPARgPro12Ala genotypes of 359 women were determined by PCR-RFLP. BMD and periodontal parameters of each woman were measured. Serum 25(OH)D levels were determined by radioimmunoassay.
RESULTS: PPARgPro12Ala polymorphism was not associated with periodontitis or BMD as an independent factor. Serum 25(OH)D was significantly higher in Ala allele carriers compared to non-carriers. Only in the Ala allele carriers, positive correlations were found between mean clinical attachment level and BMD, between BMD and 25(OH)D, and between percentage of sites with probing depth >= 4 mm and 25(OH)D.
CONCLUSIONS: PPARgPro12Ala polymorphism was not independently associated with periodontitis or BMD. However, the polymorphism might be a modulator of the relationship between the two conditions in postmenopausal Japanese women.

DOI： 10.1111/odi.12032

Evaluation of chewing ability and its relationship with activities of daily living, depression, cognitive status and food intake in the community-dwelling elderly

Yumi Kimura, Hiroshi Ogawa, Akihiro Yoshihara, Takayuki Yamaga, Tomoya Takiguchi, Taizo Wada, Ryota Sakamoto, Yasuko Ishimoto, Eriko Fukutomi, Wenling Chen, Michiko Fujisawa, Kiyohito Okumiya, Kuniaki Otsuka, Hideo Miyazaki, Kozo Matsubayashi

GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 13 ( 3 ) 718 - 725 2013.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess chewing ability using color-changeable chewing gum and to show the association between chewing ability and geriatric functions, as well as dietary status in the community-dwelling elderly.
Methods: The study population consisted of 269 community-dwelling elderly aged >= 75 living in Tosa, Japan. Assessment of chewing ability was carried out by a dentist using color-changeable chewing gum. Activities of daily living (ADL), depression and subjective quality of life (QOL) were assessed by questionnaire. Cognitive status was assessed by; Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Hasegawa Dementia Scale-Revised (HDS-R) and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) during the check-up. Food diversity was assessed using the 11-item Food Diversity Score Kyoto (FDSK-11).
Results: Number of teeth was significantly related to chewing ability (P < 0.001). The participants with low chewing ability had significantly lower ADL scores in the items of self-maintenance (P = 0.029) and intellectual activity (P = 0.021). There was a significant association between low chewing ability and depression (P < 0.001). Lower cognitive functions were significantly related to low chewing ability; MMSE (P = 0.022), HDSR (P = 0.017) and FAB (P = 0.002). The participants with low chewing ability had lower food variety (P < 0.001), and less frequent intake of beans, vegetables, seaweed and nuts, than the participants with high chewing ability.
Conclusion: Low chewing ability evaluated by color-changeable gum was associated with lower ADL, lower cognitive functioning, depression and food insufficiency in the community-dwelling elderly. More attention should be paid to assessing chewing ability of elderly persons in community settings. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 13: 718-725.

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.12006

口腔衛生学における疫学研究のエビデンスとその応用(ポストドクトリアルセミナー)

八重垣健, 葭原明弘

口腔衛生学会雑誌 63 ( 2 ) 133 - 134 2013.4

O-10 地域在住女性高齢者における腎機能と歯周組織の炎症部位面積に関する横断調査(一般口演)

岩崎正則, 葭原明弘, 宮崎秀夫

口腔衛生学会雑誌 63 ( 2 ) 148 - 148 2013.4

Dietary antioxidants and periodontal disease in community-based older Japanese: a 2-year follow-up study Reviewed

Masanori Iwasaki, Paula Moynihan, Michael C. Manz, George W. Taylor, Akihiro Yoshihara, Kanako Muramatsu, Reiko Watanabe, Hideo Miyazaki

PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION 16 ( 2 ) 330 - 338 2013.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS

Objective: To investigate the longitudinal relationship between the intake of dietary antioxidants and periodontal disease in community-dwelling older Japanese.
Design: A retrospective cohort study, with a follow-up of 2 years (2003-2005). Intakes of dietary antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, alpha-carotene and beta-carotene) were assessed with a validated FFQ. Participants were classified by tertile of antioxidant intake. Full-mouth periodontal status, measured as the clinical attachment level, was recorded at baseline and follow-up examinations. Periodontal disease progression was considered as loss of attachment of 3mm or greater over the study period at the interproximal site for each tooth. Finally, the number of teeth with periodontal disease progression per person was calculated and was used as the outcome. Poisson regression analysis was conducted, with dietary antioxidants as the main exposure, to estimate their influence on the number of teeth with periodontal disease progression.
Setting: Niigata City (Japan).
Subjects: Dentate individuals aged 75 years in 2003, for whom data were available, were included in the analyses (n 264).
Results: A higher intake of dietary antioxidants was inversely associated with the number of teeth with periodontal disease progression, controlling for other variables. The multivariate-adjusted incidence rate ratios in the first, second and third tertiles were 1.00, 0.76 (95% CI 0.60, 0.97) and 0.72 (95% CI 0.56, 0.93) for vitamin C; 1.00, 0.79 (95% CI 0.62, 0.99) and 0.55 (95% CI 0.42, 0.72), for vitamin E; and 1.00, 1.02 (95% CI 0.81, 1.29) and 0.73 (95% CI 0.56, 0.95) for beta-carotene.
Conclusions: The study results suggest that higher intake of antioxidants may mitigate periodontal disease in community-dwelling older Japanese.

DOI： 10.1017/S1368980012002637

Dietary antioxidants and periodontal disease in community-based older Japanese: a 2-year follow-up study

Masanori Iwasaki, Paula Moynihan, Michael C. Manz, George W. Taylor, Akihiro Yoshihara, Kanako Muramatsu, Reiko Watanabe, Hideo Miyazaki

PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION 16 ( 2 ) 330 - 338 2013.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS

Objective: To investigate the longitudinal relationship between the intake of dietary antioxidants and periodontal disease in community-dwelling older Japanese.
Design: A retrospective cohort study, with a follow-up of 2 years (2003-2005). Intakes of dietary antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, alpha-carotene and beta-carotene) were assessed with a validated FFQ. Participants were classified by tertile of antioxidant intake. Full-mouth periodontal status, measured as the clinical attachment level, was recorded at baseline and follow-up examinations. Periodontal disease progression was considered as loss of attachment of 3mm or greater over the study period at the interproximal site for each tooth. Finally, the number of teeth with periodontal disease progression per person was calculated and was used as the outcome. Poisson regression analysis was conducted, with dietary antioxidants as the main exposure, to estimate their influence on the number of teeth with periodontal disease progression.
Setting: Niigata City (Japan).
Subjects: Dentate individuals aged 75 years in 2003, for whom data were available, were included in the analyses (n 264).
Results: A higher intake of dietary antioxidants was inversely associated with the number of teeth with periodontal disease progression, controlling for other variables. The multivariate-adjusted incidence rate ratios in the first, second and third tertiles were 1.00, 0.76 (95% CI 0.60, 0.97) and 0.72 (95% CI 0.56, 0.93) for vitamin C; 1.00, 0.79 (95% CI 0.62, 0.99) and 0.55 (95% CI 0.42, 0.72), for vitamin E; and 1.00, 1.02 (95% CI 0.81, 1.29) and 0.73 (95% CI 0.56, 0.95) for beta-carotene.
Conclusions: The study results suggest that higher intake of antioxidants may mitigate periodontal disease in community-dwelling older Japanese.

DOI： 10.1017/S1368980012002637

高齢者における咀嚼能力と体力の関係について

瀧口知彌, 小川祐司, 葭原明弘, 山賀孝之, 宮崎秀夫

口腔衛生学会雑誌 63 ( 1 ) 44 - 44 2013.1

Questionnaire Survey on Oral Symptoms of Menopausal Women and Cooperation Between Doctors and Dentists. Reviewed

Matsuki, T, Ito, K, Funayama, S, Yoshihara, A, Masumi, S

Int J Oral-Med Sci 12 ( 1 ) 21 - 28 2013

Language：English Publisher：Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo

Objective: Xerostomia, temporomandibular disorder, and periodontal disease are frequently seen in menopausal women. However, few studies have reported the prevalence of oralsymptoms during menopause or the cooperation between doctors at outpatient clinics for women and dentists. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of oral symptoms and the cooperation between doctors at outpatient clinics for women and dentists. Methods: A questionnaire was sent to 380 outpatient clinics for women in Japan. The questionnaire included characteristics for the person completing it, staff structure,cooperation with medicalspecialists, the existence of oralsymptoms, details of these symptoms, cooperation with dentists, and space for free responses. Results: The survey response rate was 57.9% (220 of 380 institutions). Most respondents (81.6%) thought that female sex hormones influenced the mouth, and 79.4% had encountered oralsymptoms. The most frequently encountered symptoms were oral dryness, taste disorder, and burning sensation of the mouth. The necessity of cooperation between doctors and dentists was recognized by 63.1%. Staff that recognised the influence of female hormones on the mouth were significantly more likely than others to acknowledge the importance of cooperation (p<0.01). However, as only half of the staff had referred patients to a dental clinic, it seems possible that patients whose symptoms could have been alleviated by dentists were not appropriately managed. Conclusion: Although oral symptoms can relate to menopause, the cooperation between doctors and dentists is poor. Improved cooperation may relieve not only oral complaints but also systemic menopausal symptoms.

DOI： 10.5466/ijoms.12.21

Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2014375639

The Relationship among Periodontal Condition, Serum Lipid, and Electrocardiographic Abnormalities in the Elderly Reviewed

L Hanindriyo, A Yoshihara, T Mirotomi, H Miyazaki

the Open Journal of Stomatology 3 457 - 463 2013

Tooth loss, periodontal disease, and mineral content of calcium and magnesium in the diet or urine in the elderly Reviewed

A Yoshihara, R Watanabe, M Nishimuta, H Miyazaki

The Journal of Aging Research & Clinical Practice 2 126 - 130 2013

自立高齢者の加齢による現在歯数と食事のエネルギー密度の関連

安藝真里子, 渡邊令子, 村松芳多子, 葭原明弘, 宮崎秀夫

新潟歯学会雑誌 42 ( 2 ) 137 - 137 2012.12

Serum Antibody to Porphyromonas gingivalis in Chronic Kidney Disease Reviewed

M. Iwasaki, G. W. Taylor, M. C. Manz, N. Kaneko, S. Imai, A. Yoshihara, H. Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH 91 ( 9 ) 828 - 833 2012.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC

Potentially significant associations between periodontal disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been reported in recent studies. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between serum antibody to the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and CKD in 215 Japanese individuals, aged 79 yrs. Serum antibody levels to P. gingivalis were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. An elevated serum antibody response was defined as the upper quartile and was compared with the bottom three quartiles. Participants were classified as having CKD when their glomerular filtration rate was between 15 and 59 mL/min/1.73 m(2). A multivariable logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between elevated antibody status and the presence of CKD. Study participants with an elevated serum antibody to P. gingivalis were 2.6 times more likely to have CKD. The adjusted odds ratio of CKD for participants in the highest quartile of serum antibody to P. gingivalis was 2.59 (95% confidence interval, 1.05-6.34) when compared with others in lower quartiles after simultaneous adjustment for other covariates. In conclusion, the present study suggests that elevated serum antibody to P. gingivalis was significantly associated with decreased kidney function in a community-based cohort of elderly Japanese.

DOI： 10.1177/0022034512455063

Change in bone mineral density and tooth loss in Japanese community-dwelling postmenopausal women: a 5-year cohort study

Masanori Iwasaki, Kazutoshi Nakamura, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL METABOLISM 30 ( 4 ) 447 - 453 2012.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SPRINGER TOKYO

The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate the association between the change in bone mineral density (BMD) and tooth loss in Japanese community-dwelling postmenopausal women. The subjects were 404 women. At baseline (2005) and follow-up (2010), BMDs of the lumbar spine and right femoral neck were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (QDR4500a) and participants were classified by tertiles of the annual percentage change in BMD. The number of teeth was counted at the baseline and follow-up to calculate the number of lost teeth over 5 years. Poisson regression analysis was conducted with tertiles of the changes in BMDs of the lumbar spine and femoral neck as the main exposures to estimate their influence on the number of lost teeth. Participants in the tertile with a greater decrease in BMD at each skeletal site (lumbar spine and femoral neck, respectively) had a larger number of lost teeth, controlling for possible confounders. The adjusted relative risks (95% confidence interval) for the mean number of lost teeth in the first, second, and third tertiles were 1.00, 1.15 (0.91-1.45), and 1.38 (1.11-1.72) for the lumbar spine and 1.00, 1.17 (0.93-1.47), and 1.27 (1.01-1.59) for the femoral neck, respectively. In conclusion, a significant relationship exists between a change in BMD and the number of lost teeth during 5-year study period in Japanese community-dwelling postmenopausal women.

DOI： 10.1007/s00774-011-0337-x

Change in bone mineral density and tooth loss in Japanese community-dwelling postmenopausal women: a 5-year cohort study Reviewed

Masanori Iwasaki, Kazutoshi Nakamura, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL METABOLISM 30 ( 4 ) 447 - 453 2012.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SPRINGER TOKYO

The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate the association between the change in bone mineral density (BMD) and tooth loss in Japanese community-dwelling postmenopausal women. The subjects were 404 women. At baseline (2005) and follow-up (2010), BMDs of the lumbar spine and right femoral neck were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (QDR4500a) and participants were classified by tertiles of the annual percentage change in BMD. The number of teeth was counted at the baseline and follow-up to calculate the number of lost teeth over 5 years. Poisson regression analysis was conducted with tertiles of the changes in BMDs of the lumbar spine and femoral neck as the main exposures to estimate their influence on the number of lost teeth. Participants in the tertile with a greater decrease in BMD at each skeletal site (lumbar spine and femoral neck, respectively) had a larger number of lost teeth, controlling for possible confounders. The adjusted relative risks (95% confidence interval) for the mean number of lost teeth in the first, second, and third tertiles were 1.00, 1.15 (0.91-1.45), and 1.38 (1.11-1.72) for the lumbar spine and 1.00, 1.17 (0.93-1.47), and 1.27 (1.01-1.59) for the femoral neck, respectively. In conclusion, a significant relationship exists between a change in BMD and the number of lost teeth during 5-year study period in Japanese community-dwelling postmenopausal women.

DOI： 10.1007/s00774-011-0337-x

Physical performance and 10-year mortality in a 70-year-old community-dwelling population

Yutaka Takata, Mieko Shimada, Toshihiro Ansai, Yutaka Yoshitake, Mamoru Nishimuta, Naoki Nakagawa, Masaharu Ohashi, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki

AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 24 ( 3 ) 257 - 264 2012.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SPRINGER

Background and aims: Poor physical performance is known to be inversely related to mortality. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether an association between physical performance and 10-year mortality could be extended to a Japanese 70-year-old community-dwelling population, and to compare findings with those found in an octogenarian population. Methods: Seventy-year-old subjects residing in Niigata city, Japan, participated. Baseline examinations, including a physical performance test of four tests of muscle strength, one test of balance, and one test of agility, were carried out in June 1998 for 600 participants, and these individuals were then followed for 10 years. Results: During the 10-year follow up, 80 subjects died. Cox regression analysis with adjustment for confounding factors showed that high scores in muscle strength tests for lower extremities, such as single-leg and double-leg extensor strength and isokinetic leg extensor power, were found to be related to decreases in total cause mortality. Conclusions: In an elderly 70-year-old Japanese community-dwelling population, poor muscle strength was found to be an independent predictor of total mortality. Together with our previous findings in an 80-year-old population, the association between poor strength and high mortality may have effects at 70 but not 80 years of age. (C)2012, Editrice Kurtis

The association between renal function and tooth loss in Japanese community-dwelling postmenopausal women Reviewed

Akihiro Yoshihara, Kazutoshi Nakamura, Hideo Miyazaki

GERODONTOLOGY 29 ( 2 ) E363 - E367 2012.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Objectives: This study examined whether low renal function is associated with the number of remaining teeth among community-dwelling elderly Japanese.
Background data: Many elderly individuals display both low renal function and tooth loss.
Materials and Methods: Subjects comprised 405 randomly selected women (55-74 years old). Serum cystatin C level was used to assess renal dysfunction. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between number of remaining teeth and serum cystatin C level, with number of remaining teeth as the dependent variable. Six variables were selected as independent variables in the final model: serum cystatin C; age; mean clinical attachment level; serum cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen level; body mass index and smoking habits.
Results: Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between number of remaining teeth and serum cystatin C level. The beta value for serum cystatin C level for the number of remaining teeth was -0.11 (p = 0.018).
Conclusion: This study indicates a relationship between serum cystatin C level and number of remaining teeth, suggesting that low renal function could be associated with tooth loss.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2011.00481.x

The association between renal function and tooth loss in Japanese community-dwelling postmenopausal women

Akihiro Yoshihara, Kazutoshi Nakamura, Hideo Miyazaki

GERODONTOLOGY 29 ( 2 ) E363 - E367 2012.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Objectives: This study examined whether low renal function is associated with the number of remaining teeth among community-dwelling elderly Japanese.
Background data: Many elderly individuals display both low renal function and tooth loss.
Materials and Methods: Subjects comprised 405 randomly selected women (55-74 years old). Serum cystatin C level was used to assess renal dysfunction. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between number of remaining teeth and serum cystatin C level, with number of remaining teeth as the dependent variable. Six variables were selected as independent variables in the final model: serum cystatin C; age; mean clinical attachment level; serum cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen level; body mass index and smoking habits.
Results: Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between number of remaining teeth and serum cystatin C level. The beta value for serum cystatin C level for the number of remaining teeth was -0.11 (p = 0.018).
Conclusion: This study indicates a relationship between serum cystatin C level and number of remaining teeth, suggesting that low renal function could be associated with tooth loss.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2011.00481.x

Physical performance and 10-year mortality in a 70-year-old community-dwelling population Reviewed

Yutaka Takata, Mieko Shimada, Toshihiro Ansai, Yutaka Yoshitake, Mamoru Nishimuta, Naoki Nakagawa, Masaharu Ohashi, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki

AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 24 ( 3 ) 257 - 264 2012.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SPRINGER

Background and aims: Poor physical performance is known to be inversely related to mortality. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether an association between physical performance and 10-year mortality could be extended to a Japanese 70-year-old community-dwelling population, and to compare findings with those found in an octogenarian population. Methods: Seventy-year-old subjects residing in Niigata city, Japan, participated. Baseline examinations, including a physical performance test of four tests of muscle strength, one test of balance, and one test of agility, were carried out in June 1998 for 600 participants, and these individuals were then followed for 10 years. Results: During the 10-year follow up, 80 subjects died. Cox regression analysis with adjustment for confounding factors showed that high scores in muscle strength tests for lower extremities, such as single-leg and double-leg extensor strength and isokinetic leg extensor power, were found to be related to decreases in total cause mortality. Conclusions: In an elderly 70-year-old Japanese community-dwelling population, poor muscle strength was found to be an independent predictor of total mortality. Together with our previous findings in an 80-year-old population, the association between poor strength and high mortality may have effects at 70 but not 80 years of age. (C)2012, Editrice Kurtis

地域在住高齢者におけるメタボリックシンドロームと歯周病の関連

坂入久美子, 岩崎正則, 小川祐司, 葭原明弘, 宮崎秀夫

新潟歯学会雑誌 42 ( 1 ) 63 - 64 2012.6

Association Between Volatile Sulfur Compounds and Periodontal Disease Progression in Elderly Non-Smokers Reviewed

Yuka Makino, Takayuki Yamaga, Akihiro Yoshihara, Kaname Nohno, Hideo Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY 83 ( 5 ) 635 - 643 2012.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY

Background: Periodontal pathogenic microorganisms produce volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), such as hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, and dimethyl sulfide. VSCs are toxic to periodontal tissue. Therefore, there is a relationship between periodontitis and the VSC level of mouth air. However, the association between VSC and periodontal disease progression has not been investigated in a longitudinal study. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between VSCs in mouth air and periodontal disease progression among elderly dentulous non-smokers.
Methods: Two hundred forty-one dentulous non-smokers (103 males and 138 females; all 70 years old) had their VSC levels examined with a portable sulfide monitor, and their periodontal status was assessed. Periodontal examinations were performed at baseline and once a year for 3 years to investigate the clinical attachment levels of all teeth. Participants were classified by membership in tertile groups (lowest, middle, and highest) according to the value of baseline VSC measurements.
Results: In negative binomial regression analysis, the number of teeth with periodontal disease progression for participants in the highest tertile of VSC measurement was greater (incidence rate ratio of 1.33, P = 0.011) than for the reference group (lowest tertile of VSC measurement) after simultaneously adjusting for sex, number of remaining teeth, and maximum clinical attachment level.
Conclusions: VSC measurements were significantly associated with periodontal disease progression in a non-smoking dentulous elderly population. This suggests that VSC measurements are useful for the diagnosis of periodontal disease progression. J Periodontol 2012;83:635-643.

DOI： 10.1902/jop.2011.110275

Association Between Volatile Sulfur Compounds and Periodontal Disease Progression in Elderly Non-Smokers

Yuka Makino, Takayuki Yamaga, Akihiro Yoshihara, Kaname Nohno, Hideo Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY 83 ( 5 ) 635 - 643 2012.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY

Background: Periodontal pathogenic microorganisms produce volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), such as hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, and dimethyl sulfide. VSCs are toxic to periodontal tissue. Therefore, there is a relationship between periodontitis and the VSC level of mouth air. However, the association between VSC and periodontal disease progression has not been investigated in a longitudinal study. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between VSCs in mouth air and periodontal disease progression among elderly dentulous non-smokers.
Methods: Two hundred forty-one dentulous non-smokers (103 males and 138 females; all 70 years old) had their VSC levels examined with a portable sulfide monitor, and their periodontal status was assessed. Periodontal examinations were performed at baseline and once a year for 3 years to investigate the clinical attachment levels of all teeth. Participants were classified by membership in tertile groups (lowest, middle, and highest) according to the value of baseline VSC measurements.
Results: In negative binomial regression analysis, the number of teeth with periodontal disease progression for participants in the highest tertile of VSC measurement was greater (incidence rate ratio of 1.33, P = 0.011) than for the reference group (lowest tertile of VSC measurement) after simultaneously adjusting for sex, number of remaining teeth, and maximum clinical attachment level.
Conclusions: VSC measurements were significantly associated with periodontal disease progression in a non-smoking dentulous elderly population. This suggests that VSC measurements are useful for the diagnosis of periodontal disease progression. J Periodontol 2012;83:635-643.

DOI： 10.1902/jop.2011.110275

縦断調査からみた地域高齢者の歯列欠損形態と咀嚼能力の経年変化

佐藤直子, 野村修一, 昆はるか, 櫻井直樹, 葭原明弘, 宮崎秀夫, 河野正司

日本補綴歯科学会誌 4 ( 特別号 ) 255 - 255 2012.5

Tooth-related risk factors for tooth loss in community-dwelling elderly people Reviewed

Toshinobu Hirotomi, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hiroshi Ogawa, Hideo Miyazaki

COMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 40 ( 2 ) 154 - 163 2012.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Objectives: To appropriately explore risk factors for tooth loss operating at the tooth-level, subject-related factors and a hierarchical data structure have to be considered. The purpose of this study was to evaluate tooth-related and subject-related risk factors affecting tooth loss. Methods: A 10-year longitudinal survey was carried out on 286 elderly subjects. At baseline, the prosthodontic status and abutment function of the 5574 teeth were recorded. Tooth loss was defined as the main outcome variable, and a multilevel logistic regression model considering subject and tooth levels was applied. Results: Tooth loss was found in 75% of subjects and most frequently in molars. A multivariable, multilevel logistic regression revealed that the following tooth-related variables were significantly related to tooth loss over 10 years: maxillary teeth, multirooted teeth, single crowns, abutment teeth for a fixed/removable partial denture (FPD/RPD), and periodontally involved teeth. Among them, single crowns, abutment teeth for an FPD, and teeth with severe periodontal disease at baseline had the highest odds of 5.1, 6.0, and 7.1, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that tooth loss is the result of complex interactions of tooth-related factors. Several tooth-related variables including multirooted teeth, abutments, and single crowns were found to be possible risk factors for tooth loss. Thus, these findings confirm and underline the potential benefit of minimizing prosthetic treatment of molars.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2011.00648.x

Tooth-related risk factors for tooth loss in community-dwelling elderly people

Toshinobu Hirotomi, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hiroshi Ogawa, Hideo Miyazaki

COMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 40 ( 2 ) 154 - 163 2012.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Objectives: To appropriately explore risk factors for tooth loss operating at the tooth-level, subject-related factors and a hierarchical data structure have to be considered. The purpose of this study was to evaluate tooth-related and subject-related risk factors affecting tooth loss. Methods: A 10-year longitudinal survey was carried out on 286 elderly subjects. At baseline, the prosthodontic status and abutment function of the 5574 teeth were recorded. Tooth loss was defined as the main outcome variable, and a multilevel logistic regression model considering subject and tooth levels was applied. Results: Tooth loss was found in 75% of subjects and most frequently in molars. A multivariable, multilevel logistic regression revealed that the following tooth-related variables were significantly related to tooth loss over 10 years: maxillary teeth, multirooted teeth, single crowns, abutment teeth for a fixed/removable partial denture (FPD/RPD), and periodontally involved teeth. Among them, single crowns, abutment teeth for an FPD, and teeth with severe periodontal disease at baseline had the highest odds of 5.1, 6.0, and 7.1, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that tooth loss is the result of complex interactions of tooth-related factors. Several tooth-related variables including multirooted teeth, abutments, and single crowns were found to be possible risk factors for tooth loss. Thus, these findings confirm and underline the potential benefit of minimizing prosthetic treatment of molars.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2011.00648.x

Association between periodontitis and systemic bone mineral density in Japanese community-dwelling postmenopausal women

Osamu Takahashi, Akihiro Yoshihara, Kazutoshi Nakamura, Hideo Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY 40 ( 4 ) 304 - 311 2012.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD

Objective: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the association between loss of attachment (LA) which is clinical index of periodontitis and bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar vertebrae and femur measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in Japanese community-dwelling postmenopausal women.
Subjects and methods: Subjects were 347 women aged 55-74. The oral cavity was divided into 6 areas according to the WHO's method for the determination of the clinical attachment level score (CALscore); the LA was measured at 6 sites using a WHO probe in 17, 16, 11, 26, 27, 37, 36, 31, 46, and 47, and the values were recorded in mm. Then, we assessed BMD of the lumbar vertebrae (L2-L4) and femur (femoral neck, proximal part) by DXA. Based on these data, analysis of covariance was used to estimate relation between periodontitis and systemic BMD status excluding effect of age. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate relation between periodontitis and BMD adjusted for 17 variables.
Results: Significant differences were observed in the mean value between the mean CALscore = 0 and CALscore >= 1 groups in the Z value in lumbar vertebrate (106.9 +/- 18.7 vs. 102.3 +/- 1.0, p < 0.05, t-test). Multiple regression analysis was conducted using the mean LA as dependent variable. Lumbar vertebral BMD (regression coefficient: B = -1.039 +/- 0.379, p = 0.007), femoral neck BMD (B = -1.332 +/- 0.627, p = 0.034), and proximal femoral BMD (B = -1.329 +/- 0.536, p = 0.014) all exhibited a significant negative correlation with the mean LA.
Conclusion: A significant negative correlation was observed between periodontal disease and truncal bone BMD in this study. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.01.005

Association between periodontitis and systemic bone mineral density in Japanese community-dwelling postmenopausal women Reviewed

Osamu Takahashi, Akihiro Yoshihara, Kazutoshi Nakamura, Hideo Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY 40 ( 4 ) 304 - 311 2012.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD

Objective: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the association between loss of attachment (LA) which is clinical index of periodontitis and bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar vertebrae and femur measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in Japanese community-dwelling postmenopausal women.
Subjects and methods: Subjects were 347 women aged 55-74. The oral cavity was divided into 6 areas according to the WHO's method for the determination of the clinical attachment level score (CALscore); the LA was measured at 6 sites using a WHO probe in 17, 16, 11, 26, 27, 37, 36, 31, 46, and 47, and the values were recorded in mm. Then, we assessed BMD of the lumbar vertebrae (L2-L4) and femur (femoral neck, proximal part) by DXA. Based on these data, analysis of covariance was used to estimate relation between periodontitis and systemic BMD status excluding effect of age. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate relation between periodontitis and BMD adjusted for 17 variables.
Results: Significant differences were observed in the mean value between the mean CALscore = 0 and CALscore >= 1 groups in the Z value in lumbar vertebrate (106.9 +/- 18.7 vs. 102.3 +/- 1.0, p < 0.05, t-test). Multiple regression analysis was conducted using the mean LA as dependent variable. Lumbar vertebral BMD (regression coefficient: B = -1.039 +/- 0.379, p = 0.007), femoral neck BMD (B = -1.332 +/- 0.627, p = 0.034), and proximal femoral BMD (B = -1.329 +/- 0.536, p = 0.014) all exhibited a significant negative correlation with the mean LA.
Conclusion: A significant negative correlation was observed between periodontal disease and truncal bone BMD in this study. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.01.005

地域在住高齢者におけるメタボリックシンドロームと歯周病の関連

坂入久美子, 岩崎正則, 小川祐司, 葭原明弘, 宮崎秀夫

口腔衛生学会雑誌 62 ( 2 ) 217 - 217 2012.4

Periodontal Disease and Decreased Kidney Function in Japanese Elderly Reviewed

Masanori Iwasaki, George W. Taylor, Willem Nesse, Arjan Vissink, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES 59 ( 2 ) 202 - 209 2012.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC

Background: Early detection of decreased kidney function can help prevent the progression of kidney disease to kidney failure and cardiovascular events. Potentially significant associations between kidney function and periodontal disease have been reported in cross-sectional studies. However, no longitudinal study has been performed and no study has been performed in Japan. The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate the effect of periodontal disease on kidney function in community-dwelling Japanese elderly.
Study Design: Retrospective cohort.
Setting & Participants: Members of this cohort were drawn from a longitudinal interdisciplinary study of aging. Included for this analysis were 317 participants (166 men, 151 women) aged 75 years in 2003.
Predictor: The periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), reflecting the amount of inflamed periodontal tissue, was calculated for each participant. Participants were classified in quartile groups according to PISA, then divided into 2 groups (highest quartile vs the other 3 groups combined).
Outcomes: The primary outcome for the analysis was decreased kidney function, defined as a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate at follow-up.
Measurements: Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to predict decreased kidney function on the basis of periodontal status, risk factors for kidney disease, and other potentially relevant covariates.
Results: During the 2-year follow-up (2003-2005), 45 participants (14.2%) developed decreased kidney function. The highest PISA quartile was associated significantly with a greater cumulative incidence of decreased kidney function (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.05-4.79) than the referent group (the other 3 quartiles) after adjusting for covariates.
Limitations: Extension of interpreting the findings to other age groups is limited.
Conclusion: These results suggest that periodontal disease may be a risk factor for decreased kidney function in Japanese elderly. Am J Kidney Dis. 59(2):202-209. (C) 2012 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.

DOI： 10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.08.027

Relations of Serum Ascorbic Acid and alpha-tocopherol to Periodontal Disease Reviewed

M. Iwasaki, M. C. Manz, G. W. Taylor, A. Yoshihara, H. Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH 91 ( 2 ) 167 - 172 2012.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC

Low concentrations of serum anti-oxidants, including ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol, are associated with higher risks of many inflammatory diseases that interrelate with oral health. The present study examined the longitudinal relationship of serum ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol to periodontal disease in 224 Japanese individuals, aged 71 yrs, for whom data were available for the years 1999-2007. Participants were classified by tertiles of serum ascorbic acid and of alpha-tocopherol. Full-mouth periodontal status, measured as clinical attachment level (CAL), was recorded at baseline and annual follow-up examinations. The number of teeth with a loss of CAL >= 3 mm at any site over the study period was calculated as 'periodontal disease events'. Poisson regression analysis was conducted to assess predictors of periodontal disease events, with serum ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol as the primary predictors of interest. The multivariate adjusted relative risks (95% confidence intervals) in the highest, middle, and lowest tertiles were 1.00 (reference), 1.12 (1.01-1.26), and 1.30 (1.16-1.47) for ascorbic acid and 1.00 (reference), 1.09 (0.98-1.21), and 1.15 (1.04-1.28) for alpha-tocopherol, respectively. Our findings support the hypothesis that low serum levels of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol may be a risk factor for periodontal disease in Japanese elderly.

DOI： 10.1177/0022034511431702

Periodontal Disease and Decreased Kidney Function in Japanese Elderly

Masanori Iwasaki, George W. Taylor, Willem Nesse, Arjan Vissink, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES 59 ( 2 ) 202 - 209 2012.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC

Background: Early detection of decreased kidney function can help prevent the progression of kidney disease to kidney failure and cardiovascular events. Potentially significant associations between kidney function and periodontal disease have been reported in cross-sectional studies. However, no longitudinal study has been performed and no study has been performed in Japan. The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate the effect of periodontal disease on kidney function in community-dwelling Japanese elderly.
Study Design: Retrospective cohort.
Setting & Participants: Members of this cohort were drawn from a longitudinal interdisciplinary study of aging. Included for this analysis were 317 participants (166 men, 151 women) aged 75 years in 2003.
Predictor: The periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), reflecting the amount of inflamed periodontal tissue, was calculated for each participant. Participants were classified in quartile groups according to PISA, then divided into 2 groups (highest quartile vs the other 3 groups combined).
Outcomes: The primary outcome for the analysis was decreased kidney function, defined as a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate at follow-up.
Measurements: Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to predict decreased kidney function on the basis of periodontal status, risk factors for kidney disease, and other potentially relevant covariates.
Results: During the 2-year follow-up (2003-2005), 45 participants (14.2%) developed decreased kidney function. The highest PISA quartile was associated significantly with a greater cumulative incidence of decreased kidney function (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.05-4.79) than the referent group (the other 3 quartiles) after adjusting for covariates.
Limitations: Extension of interpreting the findings to other age groups is limited.
Conclusion: These results suggest that periodontal disease may be a risk factor for decreased kidney function in Japanese elderly. Am J Kidney Dis. 59(2):202-209. (C) 2012 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.

DOI： 10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.08.027

Serum albumin (SA) levels and 10-year mortality in a community-dwelling 70-year-old population Reviewed

Yutaka Takata, Toshihiro Ansai, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki

ARCHIVES OF GERONTOLOGY AND GERIATRICS 54 ( 1 ) 39 - 43 2012.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD

Although an association between SA concentrations and mortality in the patients is well known, this association is not conclusive in elderly community-dwelling populations. We therefore attempted to determine whether this association could be extended to a Japanese 70-year-old community-dwelling population. Seventy-year-old subjects residing in Niigata City, Japan participated. Baseline examinations including a determination of SA concentrations were performed in June 1998 in 600 participants, and they were followed for 10 years. During the 10-year follow up, 80 subjects died. Albumin levels were divided into four groups (highest > 45 g/l, higher 43-44 g/l, lower 41-42 g/l, lowest < 40 g/l). The survival rate using Kaplan-Meier methods was longer in the highest and higher albumin groups than in the lowest and lower groups. No differences were found between the four groups in the mortalities from cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD) or pneumonia. Individuals with the lowest albumin levels had 2.7 or 2.9 times higher total mortality, whether adjusted with confounding factors or not, using Cox regression analysis. The mortality hazard ratio (HR) found in the lowest group was compared to the highest group. In an elderly 70-year-old Japanese community-dwelling population, lower SA concentrations were an independent predictor of total mortality, but not mortality due to cancer, CVD, or pneumonia. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.archger.2011.02.018

Serum albumin (SA) levels and 10-year mortality in a community-dwelling 70-year-old population

Yutaka Takata, Toshihiro Ansai, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki

ARCHIVES OF GERONTOLOGY AND GERIATRICS 54 ( 1 ) 39 - 43 2012.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD

Although an association between SA concentrations and mortality in the patients is well known, this association is not conclusive in elderly community-dwelling populations. We therefore attempted to determine whether this association could be extended to a Japanese 70-year-old community-dwelling population. Seventy-year-old subjects residing in Niigata City, Japan participated. Baseline examinations including a determination of SA concentrations were performed in June 1998 in 600 participants, and they were followed for 10 years. During the 10-year follow up, 80 subjects died. Albumin levels were divided into four groups (highest > 45 g/l, higher 43-44 g/l, lower 41-42 g/l, lowest < 40 g/l). The survival rate using Kaplan-Meier methods was longer in the highest and higher albumin groups than in the lowest and lower groups. No differences were found between the four groups in the mortalities from cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD) or pneumonia. Individuals with the lowest albumin levels had 2.7 or 2.9 times higher total mortality, whether adjusted with confounding factors or not, using Cox regression analysis. The mortality hazard ratio (HR) found in the lowest group was compared to the highest group. In an elderly 70-year-old Japanese community-dwelling population, lower SA concentrations were an independent predictor of total mortality, but not mortality due to cancer, CVD, or pneumonia. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.archger.2011.02.018

乳幼児健診に併設し実施する個別指導による歯科保健行動の変容

坂入久美子, 葭原明弘, 金子昇, 林悠子, 藤山友紀, 宮崎秀夫

口腔衛生学会雑誌 62 ( 1 ) 63 - 64 2012.1

高齢者における咀嚼能力と体力およびうつ傾向との関係について

瀧口知彌, 葭原明弘, 小川祐司, 山賀孝之, 宮崎秀夫

口腔衛生学会雑誌 62 ( 1 ) 64 - 64 2012.1

Association Between Glucan Synthesis by Streptococcus mutans and Caries Incidence in Schoolchildren Receiving a Fluoride Mouth Rinse Reviewed

Umetsu, Hidehiro, Kaneko, Noboru, Yoshihara, Akihiro, Sakuma, Shihoko, Hanada, Nobuhiro, Miyazaki, Hideo

ORAL HEALTH & PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY 10 ( 2 ) 161 - 166 2012

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：QUINTESSENCE PUBLISHING CO INC

Purpose: To determine whether variation in glucan synthesis by Streptococcus mutans isolates is associated with caries development in children receiving a fluoride mouth rinse (FMR).Materials and Methods: Of 122 children (aged 9 to 10 years), 64 had received FMR (FMR(+) group) and the remaining 58 children had not (FMR() group). The number of decayed and filled teeth (DFT) and increases in the number of DFT in 1 year (dDFT) were recorded. Saliva samples were collected to isolate the clinical S. mutans strains. The isolates were incubated in heart infusion broth supplemented with 1% sucrose, then the amount of water-insoluble glucan (WIG) formed on a glass tube surface was evaluated.Results: In the FMR() group, children carrying S. mutans had a higher DFT (P = 0.039) and tended to have a higher dDFT (P = 0.080) than the others. In the FMR(+) group, although the differences between children with and without S. mutans were not significant, children carrying S. mutans that produced a high amount of WIG had higher dDFT than the other S. mutans-positive children (P = 0.034).Conclusions: This study revealed that the variation in glucan synthesis by S. mutans is associated with caries development in children receiving a FMR.

The relationship between masticatory ability and assessment items of metabolic syndrome in adults aged 60's years old Reviewed

Takahashi Junko, Yoshihara Akihiro, Hayami Ryu

42 ( 1 ) 21 - 26 2012

Association of dental status with vegetable intake in an elderly population Reviewed

T Hirotomi, A Yoshihara, H Ogawa, H Miyazaki

The Journal of Aging Research & Clinical Practice 1 84 - 87 2012

Association between Masticatory Performance and One-leg Standing Time with Eyes Open in Community-dwelling Elderly Women Reviewed

IWASAKI Masanori, YOSHIHARA Akihiro, MIYAZAKI Hideo

62 ( 3 ) 289 - 295 2012

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japanese Society for Dental Health

The one-leg standing test has been widely practiced as an equilibrium function test in the elderly because of its simple evaluation method. Previous studies confirmed that those who cannot maintain a one-leg standing position with eyes open for 30 seconds had a significantly increased risk of falls. Falls in the elderly can cause fracture, gait disturbance, hospital admission, and death. Mean-while, the study results regarding oral function and physical strength in the elderly showed that the one-leg standing time and number of teeth present/occlusal support area are closely associated. A color-changeable chewing gum test for masticatory performance is a simple method that can evaluate a subject's masticatory performance in a short period of time. The results of this test show a significant correlation with the number of teeth present or occlusal support area. This study examined the association between masticatory performance using a color-changeable chewing gum and the one-leg standing time with eyes open in community-dwelling elderly women. The subjects were 138 women aged between 65 and 74 years who participated in the surveys conducted in 2009 and 2010, and consented to undergo a medical interview, body measurement, one-leg standing test with eyes open, and oral examination. Color-changeable chewing gum was used to measure the masticatory performance. The color of the gum after chewing for 2 minutes was assessed using a color chart, and the masticatory ability was evaluated using a 5-point rating scale (score of 1-5). Based on the scores, the subjects were divided into three groups (high performance group: 5 points; moderate performance group: 4 points; low performance group: 1-3 points). Denture wearers underwent tests with their dentures in. Logistic regression analyses were performed, with masticatory performance using a color-changeable chewing gum as the main variable, to estimate its influence on the ability to stand on one leg with eyes open for 30 seconds. Tested potential confounders included the number of teeth present, age, and motor function. A lower masticatory performance was significantly associated with the inability to stand on one leg with eyes open for 30 seconds (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI] = 2.34 [0.91-6.01] in moderate performance and 3.61 [1.14-11.4] in low performance groups). A decrease in the motor function was also significantly associated with the inability to stand on one leg with eyes open for 30 seconds (adjusted odds ratio [95%CI] = 5.00 [1.30-19.1]). The results indicated that there was a significant association between the masticatory performance using a color-changeable chewing gum and one-leg standing time with eyes open in community-dwelling elderly women.

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.62.3_289

Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2012304189

Association Between Glucan Synthesis by Streptococcus mutans and Caries Incidence in Schoolchildren Receiving a Fluoride Mouth Rinse

Umetsu, Hidehiro, Kaneko, Noboru, Yoshihara, Akihiro, Sakuma, Shihoko, Hanada, Nobuhiro, Miyazaki, Hideo

ORAL HEALTH & PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY 10 ( 2 ) 161 - 166 2012

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：QUINTESSENCE PUBLISHING CO INC

Purpose: To determine whether variation in glucan synthesis by Streptococcus mutans isolates is associated with caries development in children receiving a fluoride mouth rinse (FMR).Materials and Methods: Of 122 children (aged 9 to 10 years), 64 had received FMR (FMR(+) group) and the remaining 58 children had not (FMR() group). The number of decayed and filled teeth (DFT) and increases in the number of DFT in 1 year (dDFT) were recorded. Saliva samples were collected to isolate the clinical S. mutans strains. The isolates were incubated in heart infusion broth supplemented with 1% sucrose, then the amount of water-insoluble glucan (WIG) formed on a glass tube surface was evaluated.Results: In the FMR() group, children carrying S. mutans had a higher DFT (P = 0.039) and tended to have a higher dDFT (P = 0.080) than the others. In the FMR(+) group, although the differences between children with and without S. mutans were not significant, children carrying S. mutans that produced a high amount of WIG had higher dDFT than the other S. mutans-positive children (P = 0.034).Conclusions: This study revealed that the variation in glucan synthesis by S. mutans is associated with caries development in children receiving a FMR.

Association between Masticatory Performance and One-leg Standing Time with Eyes Open in Community-dwelling Elderly Women

IWASAKI Masanori, YOSHIHARA Akihiro, MIYAZAKI Hideo

J Dent Hlth 62 ( 3 ) 289 - 295 2012

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japanese Society for Oral Health

The one-leg standing test has been widely practiced as an equilibrium function test in the elderly because of its simple evaluation method. Previous studies confirmed that those who cannot maintain a one-leg standing position with eyes open for 30 seconds had a significantly increased risk of falls. Falls in the elderly can cause fracture, gait disturbance, hospital admission, and death. Mean-while, the study results regarding oral function and physical strength in the elderly showed that the one-leg standing time and number of teeth present/occlusal support area are closely associated. A color-changeable chewing gum test for masticatory performance is a simple method that can evaluate a subject's masticatory performance in a short period of time. <br>The results of this test show a significant correlation with the number of teeth present or occlusal support area. This study examined the association between masticatory performance using a color-changeable chewing gum and the one-leg standing time with eyes open in community-dwelling elderly women. <br>The subjects were 138 women aged between 65 and 74 years who participated in the surveys conducted in 2009 and 2010, and consented t

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.62.3_289

The Relationship between Articulation Function Evaluated by Oral Diadochokinesis and Speech Mechanism Disorder Reviewed

62 ( 5 ) 445 - 453 2012

Relationship between root caries and cardiac dysrhythmia Reviewed

Masayuki Kaneko, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki

GERODONTOLOGY 28 ( 4 ) 289 - 295 2011.12

Relationship between root caries and cardiac dysrhythmia

Masayuki Kaneko, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki

GERODONTOLOGY 28 ( 4 ) 289 - 295 2011.12

Mineral content of calcium and magnesium in the serum and longitudinal periodontal progression in Japanese elderly smokers Reviewed

Akihiro Yoshihara, Masanori Iwasaki, Hideo Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY 38 ( 11 ) 992 - 997 2011.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Objective: Evidence from physiological and clinical studies regarding the mechanism by which calcium and magnesium are associated with periodontal disease, adjusted for smoking habits, is lacking. This longitudinal study evaluated the association of serum calcium levels and the calcium/magnesium (Ca/Mg) ratio with periodontal disease progression among smokers and non-smokers.
Material and Methods: A total of 309 subjects aged 73 years were included. Followup surveys were carried out every year for 6 years. After dividing subjects into smokers and non-smokers, multiple logistic regression analysis for men was performed to evaluate the relationship between the serum Ca/Mg ratio and periodontal disease progression. We used the 25th percentile of periodontal disease events for 6 years as the dependent variable and seven other variables, including quartiles for serum Ca/Mg ratios, as independent variables.
Results: There was a clear dose-response relationship of Ca/Mg ratio quartiles for periodontal disease events among smokers. Significant differences in odds ratios in the first and second quartiles were seen compared with the fourth quartile (reference): 6.28 (p = 0.014) and 5.96 (p = 0.022), respectively. However, there was no significant dose-response relationship among non-smokers.
Conclusion: A low serum Ca/Mg ratio was significantly associated with periodontal disease progression in Japanese elderly smokers.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2011.01769.x

Mineral content of calcium and magnesium in the serum and longitudinal periodontal progression in Japanese elderly smokers

Akihiro Yoshihara, Masanori Iwasaki, Hideo Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY 38 ( 11 ) 992 - 997 2011.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Objective: Evidence from physiological and clinical studies regarding the mechanism by which calcium and magnesium are associated with periodontal disease, adjusted for smoking habits, is lacking. This longitudinal study evaluated the association of serum calcium levels and the calcium/magnesium (Ca/Mg) ratio with periodontal disease progression among smokers and non-smokers.
Material and Methods: A total of 309 subjects aged 73 years were included. Followup surveys were carried out every year for 6 years. After dividing subjects into smokers and non-smokers, multiple logistic regression analysis for men was performed to evaluate the relationship between the serum Ca/Mg ratio and periodontal disease progression. We used the 25th percentile of periodontal disease events for 6 years as the dependent variable and seven other variables, including quartiles for serum Ca/Mg ratios, as independent variables.
Results: There was a clear dose-response relationship of Ca/Mg ratio quartiles for periodontal disease events among smokers. Significant differences in odds ratios in the first and second quartiles were seen compared with the fourth quartile (reference): 6.28 (p = 0.014) and 5.96 (p = 0.022), respectively. However, there was no significant dose-response relationship among non-smokers.
Conclusion: A low serum Ca/Mg ratio was significantly associated with periodontal disease progression in Japanese elderly smokers.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2011.01769.x

Physical activity and 5-year changes in physical performance tests and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: The Yokogoshi Study Reviewed

Kaori Kitamura, Kazutoshi Nakamura, Ryosaku Kobayashi, Rieko Oshiki, Toshiko Saito, Mari Oyama, Shunsuke Takahashi, Tomoko Nishiwaki, Masanori Iwasaki, Akihiro Yoshihara

MATURITAS 70 ( 1 ) 80 - 84 2011.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD

Objective: The effect of physical activity on musculoskeletal health in older adults is not completely understood. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between physical activity and 5-year changes in physical performance tests and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women.
Study design: The design was a 5-year cohort study.
Main outcome measures: Subjects were 507 women (55-74 years old) living in a rural community in Japan. Physical activity assessed included housework, farm work, and moderate leisure-time physical activity within the previous week. Measurements at baseline included handgrip strength, walking time (timed "Up & Go" test) and BMD of the femoral neck and vertebrae. Five-year changes in these measures (outcome variables) were compared among groups with different levels of physical activity by analysis of covariance.
Results: Women who did not do housework performed worse in changes in handgrip strength (difference = 2.22 kg, P = 0.0201) and worse in changes in the walking time (difference = 0.54 s, P = 0.0072) than those who did housework alone. Women who spent at least 9 h per week (median = 24) doing farm work performed better in changes in handgrip strength (difference = 0.28 kg, P= 0.0334), but worse in changes in the walking time (difference = 0.66 s, P<0.0001) than those who did not do farm work. However, leisure-time activity was not associated with changes in any outcome variable, and none of the physical activities predicted BMD changes.
Conclusions: Engaging in housework and farm work are determinants of physical function in postmenopausal women, which may help them maintain independence in daily living. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.06.014

Physical activity and 5-year changes in physical performance tests and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: The Yokogoshi Study

Kaori Kitamura, Kazutoshi Nakamura, Ryosaku Kobayashi, Rieko Oshiki, Toshiko Saito, Mari Oyama, Shunsuke Takahashi, Tomoko Nishiwaki, Masanori Iwasaki, Akihiro Yoshihara

MATURITAS 70 ( 1 ) 80 - 84 2011.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD

Objective: The effect of physical activity on musculoskeletal health in older adults is not completely understood. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between physical activity and 5-year changes in physical performance tests and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women.
Study design: The design was a 5-year cohort study.
Main outcome measures: Subjects were 507 women (55-74 years old) living in a rural community in Japan. Physical activity assessed included housework, farm work, and moderate leisure-time physical activity within the previous week. Measurements at baseline included handgrip strength, walking time (timed "Up & Go" test) and BMD of the femoral neck and vertebrae. Five-year changes in these measures (outcome variables) were compared among groups with different levels of physical activity by analysis of covariance.
Results: Women who did not do housework performed worse in changes in handgrip strength (difference = 2.22 kg, P = 0.0201) and worse in changes in the walking time (difference = 0.54 s, P = 0.0072) than those who did housework alone. Women who spent at least 9 h per week (median = 24) doing farm work performed better in changes in handgrip strength (difference = 0.28 kg, P= 0.0334), but worse in changes in the walking time (difference = 0.66 s, P<0.0001) than those who did not do farm work. However, leisure-time activity was not associated with changes in any outcome variable, and none of the physical activities predicted BMD changes.
Conclusions: Engaging in housework and farm work are determinants of physical function in postmenopausal women, which may help them maintain independence in daily living. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.06.014

縦断調査からみた歯列欠損形態と咀嚼能力の経年変化

佐藤直子, 野村修一, 昆はるか, 櫻井直樹, 葭原明弘, 宮崎秀夫, 河野正司

老年歯科医学 26 ( 2 ) 171 - 172 2011.9

Relationships among bone turnover, renal function and periodontal disease in elderly Japanese Reviewed

A. Yoshihara, Y. Hayashi, H. Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH 46 ( 4 ) 491 - 496 2011.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Background and Objective: We hypothesized that renal function is associated with the relationship between periodontal disease and bone metabolism. The present study evaluated the relationship of bone formation and resorption markers to periodontal disease, taking renal function into consideration, in elderly Japanese subjects.
Material and Methods: We selected 148 subjects aged 77 years. The periodontal examination included the assessment of clinical attachment level (CAL). We measured two bone formation markers (serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and serum osteocalcin) and two bone resorption markers (urinary deoxypyridinoline and urinary cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen). Creatinine clearance per 24 h, as a measure of renal function, was also determined. The correlations between mean CAL or percentage of sites with >= 6 mm CAL (6+ mm CAL) and bone turnover markers, and between bone turnover markers and creatinine clearance levels, were performed by multiple linear regression analysis.
Results: There were significant negative relationships between mean CAL or 6+ mm CAL and serum osteocalcin levels adjusted for gender, smoking habits and oral care habits (beta - -0.25, p - 0.014 and beta - -0.35, p - 0.001, respectively). In addition, there was a negative relationship between serum osteocalcin and creatinine clearance levels adjusted for gender and smoking habits (beta = -0.45, p < 0.0001).
Conclusion: Results from the present study suggest that serum osteocalcin was significantly associated with renal function and periodontal disease. The low systemic bone metabolism, which might be caused by low renal function, is associated with periodontal disease.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01365.x

Dietary ratio of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and periodontal disease in community-based older Japanese: A 3-year follow-up study

Masanori Iwasaki, George W. Taylor, Paula Moynihan, Akihiro Yoshihara, Kanako Muramatsu, Reiko Watanabe, Hideo Miyazaki

PROSTAGLANDINS LEUKOTRIENES AND ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS 85 ( 2 ) 107 - 112 2011.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD

The longitudinal relationship between dietary n-6 to n-3 PUFAs ratio and periodontal disease in 235 Japanese subjects for whom data were available for the years 2003-2006 was investigated. PUFAs intake was assessed at baseline with a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. Full-mouth periodontal status, measured as the clinical attachment level (CAL), was recorded at baseline and once a year for 3 years. The number of teeth with a change in the loss of CAL >= 3 mm at any site over a year was calculated as 'periodontal disease events'. Poisson regression analysis was conducted, with dietary n-6 to n-3 PUFAs ratio as the main predictor, to estimate its influence on periodontal disease events. A high dietary n-6 to n-3 PUFAs ratio was significantly associated with greater number of periodontal disease events. The findings suggest the dietary n-6 to n-3 PUFAs ratio is associated with periodontal disease among older Japanese. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.plefa.2011.04.002

Dietary ratio of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and periodontal disease in community-based older Japanese: A 3-year follow-up study Reviewed

Masanori Iwasaki, George W. Taylor, Paula Moynihan, Akihiro Yoshihara, Kanako Muramatsu, Reiko Watanabe, Hideo Miyazaki

PROSTAGLANDINS LEUKOTRIENES AND ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS 85 ( 2 ) 107 - 112 2011.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD

The longitudinal relationship between dietary n-6 to n-3 PUFAs ratio and periodontal disease in 235 Japanese subjects for whom data were available for the years 2003-2006 was investigated. PUFAs intake was assessed at baseline with a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. Full-mouth periodontal status, measured as the clinical attachment level (CAL), was recorded at baseline and once a year for 3 years. The number of teeth with a change in the loss of CAL >= 3 mm at any site over a year was calculated as 'periodontal disease events'. Poisson regression analysis was conducted, with dietary n-6 to n-3 PUFAs ratio as the main predictor, to estimate its influence on periodontal disease events. A high dietary n-6 to n-3 PUFAs ratio was significantly associated with greater number of periodontal disease events. The findings suggest the dietary n-6 to n-3 PUFAs ratio is associated with periodontal disease among older Japanese. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.plefa.2011.04.002

Relationship between Saturated Fatty Acids and Periodontal Disease Reviewed

M. Iwasaki, M. C. Manz, P. Moynihan, A. Yoshihara, K. Muramatsu, R. Watanabe, H. Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH 90 ( 7 ) 861 - 867 2011.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC

Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) produce an inflammatory response. Hyperinflammation is now recognized as one of the key underlying etiologic factors in periodontal disease. The longitudinal relationship between dietary SFAs and periodontal disease in 264 Japanese individuals, aged 75 years, for whom data were available for the years 2003-2004, was investigated. SFA intake was assessed with a brief self-administered diet history questionnaire. Participants were classified by quartiles of SFA intake. Full-mouth periodontal status, measured as the clinical attachment level (CAL), was recorded at baseline and follow-up examinations. The number of teeth with a loss of CAL >= 3 mm at any site over a year was calculated as 'periodontal disease events'. Poisson regression analysis was conducted, with dietary SFAs as the primary predictor of interest, to estimate their influence on periodontal disease events. High dietary SFA intake was significantly associated with a greater number of periodontal disease events among nonsmokers. The multivariate adjusted relative risk (95% confidence intervals) in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles of dietary SFAs was 1.00, 1.19 (0.72-1.97), 1.55 (0.95-2.52), and 1.92 (1.19-3.11), respectively. These findings suggest an independent association of dietary SFA intake to the progression of periodontal disease in older Japanese non-smokers.

DOI： 10.1177/0022034511405384

Relationship between bone fragility of the mandibular inferior cortex and tooth loss related to periodontal disease in older people Reviewed

A. Yoshihara, T. Deguchi, H. Miyazaki

COMMUNITY DENTAL HEALTH 28 ( 2 ) 165 - 169 2011.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：F D I WORLD DENTAL PRESS LTD

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between bone fragility of the mandibular inferior cortex and tooth loss in older adults by accounting for periodontal disease and bone metabolism markers. Research Design: A total of 177 subjects aged 77 years participated in this study. We counted the number of remaining teeth. The mandibular cortex condition was examined using the mandibular inferior cortex classification (MICC) on dental panoramic radiographs. The mandibular inferior cortex was detected on both sides of the mandible, distally from the mental foramen (C1, normal; C2, mild/moderate erosion; C3, severe erosion). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between the mandibular cortex condition with the MICC and the number of remaining teeth after controlling for confounding factors such as gender, the percentage of sites with >= 4 mm clinical attachment levels, and serum osteocalcin levels. Results: The mean +/- SD number of remaining teeth of MICC C1, C2 and C3 were 20.7+/-7.5, 14.6+/-8.1 and 4.0+/-0.0 for males, and MICC C1, C2, and C3 were 21.7+/-7.6, 17.2+/-8.0, and 16.2+/-10.4 for females. The MICC was significantly associated with the number of remaining teeth using multiple linear regression analysis (beta= -0.21, p=0.031). Conclusion: This study suggests that there is a relationship between bone fragility of the mandibular inferior cortex and tooth loss related to periodontal disease.

DOI： 10.1922/CDH_2532Yoshihara05

Relationships between the amount of saliva and medications in elderly individuals

Kana Ichikawa, Shihoko Sakuma, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki, Saori Funayama, Kayoko Ito, Atsuko Igarashi

GERODONTOLOGY 28 ( 2 ) 116 - 120 2011.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Objective:
To investigate medications that are related to volume of saliva in the elderly.
Background data:
In the elderly, many cases of mouth dryness may represent side effects of medication.
Materials and methods:
The volume of unstimulated saliva was measured for 30 s (cotton roll test), and with stimulation for 3 min (gum test) in 368 subjects 79-80 years old (177 men, 191 women). Medications were investigated using subject's medication notebooks.
Results:
Mean volumes of unstimulated and stimulated saliva were 0.14 +/- 0.13 and 4.30 +/- 2.54 ml respectively. Significant differences were seen between gender and mean volume of saliva. The volume of unstimulated saliva was 0.16 +/- 0.15 ml for men and 0.11 +/- 0.10 ml for women. The volume of stimulated saliva was 4.99 +/- 2.67 ml for men and 3.67 +/- 2.25 ml for women. The percentage of subjects taking medication was 64.7% (238/368). Mean number of medications was 2.08 +/- 2.26, with no significant difference with gender (2.01 +/- 2.37 for men, 2.16 +/- 2.16 for women). In a stepwise multiple regression analysis with volume of saliva as the objective variable and number of drugs by category as explanatory variables, significant explanatory variables in addition to gender and number of medications were blood-coagulating agents, Ca antagonists and peptic ulcer drugs for volume of unstimulated saliva, and diabetes medications and peptic ulcer drugs for volume of stimulated saliva.
Conclusion:
These findings suggest that differences exist between gender in volume of saliva for elderly individuals, and that the volume of saliva is affected by the number and type of medications.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2009.00358.x

Relationships between the amount of saliva and medications in elderly individuals Reviewed

Kana Ichikawa, Shihoko Sakuma, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki, Saori Funayama, Kayoko Ito, Atsuko Igarashi

GERODONTOLOGY 28 ( 2 ) 116 - 120 2011.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Objective:
To investigate medications that are related to volume of saliva in the elderly.
Background data:
In the elderly, many cases of mouth dryness may represent side effects of medication.
Materials and methods:
The volume of unstimulated saliva was measured for 30 s (cotton roll test), and with stimulation for 3 min (gum test) in 368 subjects 79-80 years old (177 men, 191 women). Medications were investigated using subject's medication notebooks.
Results:
Mean volumes of unstimulated and stimulated saliva were 0.14 +/- 0.13 and 4.30 +/- 2.54 ml respectively. Significant differences were seen between gender and mean volume of saliva. The volume of unstimulated saliva was 0.16 +/- 0.15 ml for men and 0.11 +/- 0.10 ml for women. The volume of stimulated saliva was 4.99 +/- 2.67 ml for men and 3.67 +/- 2.25 ml for women. The percentage of subjects taking medication was 64.7% (238/368). Mean number of medications was 2.08 +/- 2.26, with no significant difference with gender (2.01 +/- 2.37 for men, 2.16 +/- 2.16 for women). In a stepwise multiple regression analysis with volume of saliva as the objective variable and number of drugs by category as explanatory variables, significant explanatory variables in addition to gender and number of medications were blood-coagulating agents, Ca antagonists and peptic ulcer drugs for volume of unstimulated saliva, and diabetes medications and peptic ulcer drugs for volume of stimulated saliva.
Conclusion:
These findings suggest that differences exist between gender in volume of saliva for elderly individuals, and that the volume of saliva is affected by the number and type of medications.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2009.00358.x

Glomerular filtration rate and 10-year mortality in a 70-year-old community-dwelling Japanese population Reviewed

Yutaka Takata, Toshihiro Ansai, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki

AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 23 ( 3 ) 223 - 230 2011.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：EDITRICE KURTIS S R L

Background and aims: The equation for Japanese estimated glomeruiar filtration rate (eGFR) was revised by measuring GFR by inulin clearance. The association of the new eGFR with all-cause mortality and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) was assessed in an elderly Japanese population. Methods: Seventy-year-old subjects, residents of Niigata, Japan, participated. Baseline examinations were carried out in June 1998. The new eGFR measure, 194 x (serum creatinine)(-1.094) x Age(-0.287) x (0.739 if female), was calculated. According to eGFR results, subjects were classified into normal or slightly impaired (>= 60 mL/min/1.73 me), moderately impaired (40-59 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) and severely impaired (<40 mL/min/1.73 m(2)). Participants were under survey for 10 years. Results: The overall survival rate with the Kaplan-Meier method was shorter in subjects with severely impaired eGFR than in those with normal, slightly or moderately impaired eGFR. Similarly, mortality from CVD was higher for individuals with severely impaired eGFR than those with normal or slightly impaired eGFR. There were no associations of mortality from cancer or pneumonia with eGFR. The hazard ratio by the Cox proportional regression model for total mortality was 3.9 times higher in the severely impaired group than in normal or slightly impaired groups, with adjustment for confounding factors. Mortality from CVD was 13.6 times higher in the former than in the latter, with adjustment. Conclusions: There is an association of the new Japanese eGFR with total mortality and CVD mortality, suggesting that the new equation may be independently predictive of all-cause mortality and mortality from CVD in the general 70-year-old Japanese population. (Aging Clin Exp Res 2011; 23: 223-230) (c) 2011, Editrice Kurtis

DOI： 10.3275/7207

Glomerular filtration rate and 10-year mortality in a 70-year-old community-dwelling Japanese population

Yutaka Takata, Toshihiro Ansai, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki

AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 23 ( 3 ) 223 - 230 2011.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：EDITRICE KURTIS S R L

Background and aims: The equation for Japanese estimated glomeruiar filtration rate (eGFR) was revised by measuring GFR by inulin clearance. The association of the new eGFR with all-cause mortality and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) was assessed in an elderly Japanese population. Methods: Seventy-year-old subjects, residents of Niigata, Japan, participated. Baseline examinations were carried out in June 1998. The new eGFR measure, 194 x (serum creatinine)(-1.094) x Age(-0.287) x (0.739 if female), was calculated. According to eGFR results, subjects were classified into normal or slightly impaired (>= 60 mL/min/1.73 me), moderately impaired (40-59 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) and severely impaired (<40 mL/min/1.73 m(2)). Participants were under survey for 10 years. Results: The overall survival rate with the Kaplan-Meier method was shorter in subjects with severely impaired eGFR than in those with normal, slightly or moderately impaired eGFR. Similarly, mortality from CVD was higher for individuals with severely impaired eGFR than those with normal or slightly impaired eGFR. There were no associations of mortality from cancer or pneumonia with eGFR. The hazard ratio by the Cox proportional regression model for total mortality was 3.9 times higher in the severely impaired group than in normal or slightly impaired groups, with adjustment for confounding factors. Mortality from CVD was 13.6 times higher in the former than in the latter, with adjustment. Conclusions: There is an association of the new Japanese eGFR with total mortality and CVD mortality, suggesting that the new equation may be independently predictive of all-cause mortality and mortality from CVD in the general 70-year-old Japanese population. (Aging Clin Exp Res 2011; 23: 223-230) (c) 2011, Editrice Kurtis

DOI： 10.3275/7207

縦断調査からみた歯列欠損形態と咀嚼能力の経年変化

佐藤直子, 野村修一, 昆はるか, 桜井直樹, 河野正司, 葭原明弘, 宮崎秀夫

日本老年歯科医学会総会・学術大会プログラム・抄録集 22回 152 - 152 2011.6

Influence of dental occlusion on physical fitness decline in a healthy Japanese elderly population

Naoko Okuyama, Takayuki Yamaga, Akihiro Yoshihara, Kaname Nohno, Yutaka Yoshitake, Yasuo Kimura, Mieko Shimada, Naoki Nakagawa, Mamoru Nishimuta, Masaharu Ohashi, Hideo Miyazaki

ARCHIVES OF GERONTOLOGY AND GERIATRICS 52 ( 2 ) 172 - 176 2011.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD

The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between dental occlusion and physical fitness by a longitudinal survey. A sample of 348 subjects (171 men and 177 women) aged 71 was investigated by Eichner index (EI) as an occlusal condition (Class A: no loss; Class B: partial loss; Class C: complete loss) and five types of physical fitness tests and were re-examined 8 years later. The upper 50% were sampled to analyze the correlation between each physical fitness decline and the EI at the baseline by logistic regression models. Logistic regression analyses revealed that leg extensor power (Class B vs. Class A; odds ratio = OR = 4.61, p = 0.010) and one-leg standing time with eyes open (Class C vs. Class A; OR = 4.27, p = 0.031) showed significant correlations with the EI at the baseline. In this study, partial or complete loss of occlusion was associated with a decline in leg extensor power or a decrease in one-leg standing time with eyes open. These findings suggest that maintenance of dental occlusion may prevent a decrease in activities of daily living in the elderly. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.archger.2010.03.011

特定健診対象者における歯周疾患スクリーニングテストとメタボリックシンドロームとの関連性 Reviewed

岩﨑正則, 葭原明弘, 宮﨑秀夫

日本口腔衛生学会雑誌 61 573 - 580 2011

Long-term caries preventive effects of a school-based Fluoride Mouth Rinse program in adulthood Reviewed

Y. Neko-Uwagawa, A. Yoshihara, H. Miyazaki

Open Dentistry Journal 5 ( 1 ) 24 - 28 2011

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term caries preventive effects of school-based fluoride mouth rinse (FMR) program in adults aged 20 years and older. 637 mothers aged from 20 to 39 years were surveyed. Clinical examinations were carried out for subjects to obtain data on dental caries prevalence when they visited local health centers to take their children for medical and dental check-ups at 1.5- or 3-years old. We also obtained information regarding the FMR program: the duration that the subjects participated between nursery school and junior high school. When analyzing data, subjects were divided into 4 groups: FMR from nursery to junior high school group (N-JH group, n=22), FMR limited to the elementary school group (El group, n=62), FMR no-experience group (n=545), and other subjects whose FMR experience is not clear (n=8). For evaluation of the FMR program effect, multiple regression analysis was used. As independent variable, the FMR program patterns were converted into dummy data, and mean DMFT was used as dependent variable. The results of multiple regression analysis between mean DMFT and FMR program patterns showed that the N-JH group and El group were negatively associated with the mean DMFT (ß=-0.20, p&lt
0.001 for N-JH group and ß=-0.11, p=0.003 for El group). The positive caries preventive effects of school-based FMR program from nursery school to junior high school can continue in adults aged 20 years and older. © Neko-Uwagawa et al.

DOI： 10.2174/1874210601105010024

Economic evaluation of a school-based combined program with a targeted pit and fissure sealant and fluoride mouth rinse in Japan Reviewed

Y Neko-Uwagawa, A Yoshihara, H Miyazaki

The Open Dentistry Journal 5 24 - 28 2011

成人期および高齢期における咀嚼回数と体格の関連 Reviewed

岩﨑正則, 葭原明弘, 宮﨑秀夫

日本口腔衛生学会雑誌 61 318 - 328 2011

用語委員会報告口腔衛生関連学術用語の統一に関する見解 Reviewed

千葉逸朗, 尾崎哲則, 加藤一夫, 日野出大輔, 平田幸夫, 葭原明弘

日本口腔衛生学会 61 563 - 572 2011

Relationship between periodontal disease and bone metabolism in the elderly Invited

A Yoshihara

Journal of Dental Health 61 178 - 182 2011

Longitudinal relationship between dietary omega-3 fatty acids and periodontal disease

Masanori Iwasaki, Akihiro Yoshihara, Paula Moynihan, Reiko Watanabe, George W. Taylor, Hideo Miyazaki

NUTRITION 26 ( 11-12 ) 1105 - 1109 2010.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC

Objective: Fish oil has anti-inflammatory actions that may benefit periodontal health. We investigated the longitudinal relation between dietary omega-3 fatty acids (FAs), docosahexaenoic acid, (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to periodontal disease in community-dwelling elderly.
Methods: Fifty-five participants aged 74 y were randomly selected from a longitudinal interdisciplinary study of aging. Dietary intake data were obtained by a 3-d weighed food intake. The dietary intakes of energy, DHA, and EPA were calculated based on the Standard Food Composition Tables in Japan. Dental examinations were carried out at baseline and once a year for 5 y. The number of teeth with periodontal progression over 5 y per person was calculated as "periodontal disease events." Negative binomial regression analysis was conducted, which included DHA, EPA, and other covariates as independent variables to estimate the influence on periodontal disease events. Longitudinal data were analyzed for participants for whom data were available for 5 y (n = 36).
Results: Low DHA intake was significantly associated with more periodontal disease events. The mean number of periodontal disease events for participants who consumed the lowest tertile of DHA was approximately 1.5 times larger (lowest tertile, incidence rate ratio 1.49, 95% confidence interval 1.01-2.21) than the reference group (highest tertile of DHA consumption), after simultaneously adjusting for possible confounders.
Conclusion: The findings suggest there may be an inverse, independent relation of dietary DHA intake to the progression of periodontal disease in older people. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.nut.2009.09.010

Longitudinal relationship between dietary omega-3 fatty acids and periodontal disease Reviewed

Masanori Iwasaki, Akihiro Yoshihara, Paula Moynihan, Reiko Watanabe, George W. Taylor, Hideo Miyazaki

NUTRITION 26 ( 11-12 ) 1105 - 1109 2010.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC

Objective: Fish oil has anti-inflammatory actions that may benefit periodontal health. We investigated the longitudinal relation between dietary omega-3 fatty acids (FAs), docosahexaenoic acid, (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to periodontal disease in community-dwelling elderly.
Methods: Fifty-five participants aged 74 y were randomly selected from a longitudinal interdisciplinary study of aging. Dietary intake data were obtained by a 3-d weighed food intake. The dietary intakes of energy, DHA, and EPA were calculated based on the Standard Food Composition Tables in Japan. Dental examinations were carried out at baseline and once a year for 5 y. The number of teeth with periodontal progression over 5 y per person was calculated as "periodontal disease events." Negative binomial regression analysis was conducted, which included DHA, EPA, and other covariates as independent variables to estimate the influence on periodontal disease events. Longitudinal data were analyzed for participants for whom data were available for 5 y (n = 36).
Results: Low DHA intake was significantly associated with more periodontal disease events. The mean number of periodontal disease events for participants who consumed the lowest tertile of DHA was approximately 1.5 times larger (lowest tertile, incidence rate ratio 1.49, 95% confidence interval 1.01-2.21) than the reference group (highest tertile of DHA consumption), after simultaneously adjusting for possible confounders.
Conclusion: The findings suggest there may be an inverse, independent relation of dietary DHA intake to the progression of periodontal disease in older people. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.nut.2009.09.010

Dietary omega-3 fatty acid may control periodontal disease Low dietary docosahexaenoic acid might be a significant risk factor of periodontal disease progression Reviewed

Masanori Iwasaki, Akihiro Yoshihara, Paula Moynihan, Reiko Watanabe, Hideo Miyazaki

AGRO FOOD INDUSTRY HI-TECH 21 ( 6 ) 34 - 37 2010.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：TEKNOSCIENZE PUBL

Objective: we investigated the longitudinal relation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to periodontal disease. Methods: dietary intake data were obtained by a 3-day weighed food intake. Dental examinations were carried out at baseline and once a year for 5 years in 36 participants. The number of teeth with periodontal progression per person was calculated as "periodontal disease events". Results: negative binomial regression analysis revealed that the mean number of periodontal disease events for participants who consumed the lowest tertile of DHA was approximately 1.5 times larger than the reference group (highest tertile), after simultaneously adjusting for possible confounders. Conclusion: within the limitations of the reported study, an inverse, independent relationship between dietary DHA intake and the progression of periodontal disease was found. Further studies are necessary to confirm these findings.

フッ化物洗口の都道府県別にみた普及の推移国の政策が果たした役割の検討 Reviewed

田浦勝彦, 相田潤, 安藤雄一, 晴佐久悟, 田口千恵子, 木本一成, 葭原明弘, 筒井昭仁, 眞木吉信, 荒川浩久, 飯島洋一, 磯崎篤則, 小林清吾, 小関健由

口腔衛生学会雑誌 60 ( 5 ) 556 - 562 2010.10

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会

2003年1月に厚生労働省はフッ化物洗口ガイドラインを都道府県知事宛に通知した。これに先行して「健康日本21」の歯の健康項目の策定と「8020運動推進特別事業」が展開されてきた。これらの施策がその後の都道府県全体における集団フッ化物洗口の普及にどのような影響を及ぼしたかを検討したところ、国の施策実施前後の2000年頃を境に全国の約4分の1にあたる府県で集団フッ化物洗口の増加を認めた。また、1994年から2008年のデータをもとにフッ化物洗口実施率を目的変数としたマルチレベル分析を行ったところ、調査年度間と都道府県間に統計学的に有意な差を認めた。調査年ごとに平均0.48%の実施率の上昇、およびガイドライン実施後はそれに加えて1.31%の実施率の上昇が認められた。よって、フッ化物洗口ガイドラインは集団フッ化物洗口の拡大に有意に影響を及ぼし始めていることが推定された。以上のように、歯の健康づくりに国の各種施策が果たした役割は大きいことが示唆された。(著者抄録)

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.60.5_556

Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2010&ichushi_jid=J00440&link_issn=&doc_id=20101109220001&doc_link_id=%2Fdk1dehea%2F2010%2F006005%2F002%2F0556-0562%26dl%3D0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdk1dehea%2F2010%2F006005%2F002%2F0556-0562%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

飽和脂肪酸が歯周病の発症・進行に与える影響

岩崎正則, 葭原明弘, 村松芳多子, 渡邊令子, 宮崎秀夫

口腔衛生学会雑誌 60 ( 4 ) 388 - 388 2010.8

Tooth-related risk factors for periodontal disease in community-dwelling elderly people

Toshinobu Hirotomi, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hiroshi Ogawa, Hideo Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY 37 ( 6 ) 494 - 500 2010.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

P>Objective
While most previous epidemiological studies have focused on subject-level risk factors for periodontal destruction, tooth-related factors have not been fully explored. The purpose of this study was to evaluate both tooth-related and subject-related factors affecting periodontal disease progression using a two-level multilevel model.
Material and Methods
A longitudinal survey over a period of 10 years was carried out on 286 community-dwelling elderly subjects aged 70 years at baseline. Clinical attachment level (CAL) was measured at six sites per tooth on all teeth present and periodontal disease progression was defined as CAL >= 3 mm.
Results
Periodontal disease progression was found in 79% of the subjects and most frequently in maxillary molars. Multilevel logistic regressions revealed that subjects wearing removable dentures were significantly at risk for periodontal disease progression. Abutment teeth for removable/fixed dentures were also significantly more likely to suffer periodontal breakdown. Furthermore, the following tooth-related variables were found to be possible risk factors for periodontal disease progression: maxillary and multirooted teeth.
Conclusion
Multirooted teeth and abutments for a fixed denture were possible risk factors for periodontal disease progression.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2010.01565.x

縦断調査から見た地域高齢者の咀嚼能力

佐藤直子, 野村修一, 昆はるか, 櫻井直樹, 河野正司, 葭原明弘, 宮崎秀夫

日本老年歯科医学会総会・学術大会プログラム・抄録集 21回 107 - 107 2010.6

Relationship between the mandibular inferior cortex and bone stiffness in elderly Japanese people Reviewed

B. Kiswanjaya, A. Yoshihara, T. Deguchi, N. Hanada, H. Miyazaki

OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL 21 ( 3 ) 433 - 438 2010.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SPRINGER LONDON LTD

This study assessed the relationship between the mandibular inferior cortex (MIC) and bone stiffness in elderly Japanese subjects. Results suggest that MIC classification may be useful for screening patients for the possibility of osteoporosis by measuring bone stiffness with ultrasound bone densitometry.
The prevention of fractures is a priority for patients with osteoporosis. Dental panoramic radiographs are frequently taken for the examination of teeth and jaws in general dental practice worldwide. This study assessed the relationship between the mandibular inferior cortex (MIC) and bone stiffness in elderly Japanese subjects.
This study included 519 healthy subjects (263 men and 256 women) aged 70 years old. We evaluated the relationship between MIC classification and bone stiffness using Scheffe's multiple comparison test. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between MIC classification and bone stiffness after controlling for confounding factors.
A significant correlation was found between MIC classification and bone stiffness in men (C1 vs C2: p < 0.05) and women (C1 vs C2: p = NS, C1 vs C3: p < 0.01, C2 vs C3: p < 0.05). MIC classification was significantly associated with bone stiffness on multiple linear regression analysis after controlling for sex, body mass index, regular exercise, and smoking (beta = -0.11, p < 0.01, R (2) = 0.387, p < 0.001).
Our study suggests that MIC classification may be useful for screening patients for the possibility of osteoporosis by measuring bone stiffness with ultrasound bone densitometry.

DOI： 10.1007/s00198-009-0996-9

A Quick Statistically Accurate Diagnosis for Caries Risk in the Elderly

Hidenobu Senpuku, Hideo Miyazaki, Saori Yoneda, Akihiro Yoshihara, Akio Tada

CLINICAL LABORATORY 56 ( 11-12 ) 505 - 512 2010

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：CLIN LAB PUBL

Background: In the elderly, the necessity to promote oral health is increasing to improve their quality of life. The prediction of dental caries risk makes it possible to prolong the life span of teeth. To develop a quick diagnosis system for caries risk, two methods, the modified Saliva Check SM (TM) and Saliva Check sIgA, were investigated in elderly patients.
Methods: We developed a caries risk quick assessment system using Saliva Check sIgA that specifically recognizes secretory IgA (sIgA) in saliva against the binding site of the mutans streptococci (MS) to the salivary-coated tooth surface; and combined it with a modified Saliva Check SM (TM) to determine the number of MS. One hundred eighty three patients (80 females, 103 males) who participated in 2005 (average age 77 years) and in 2006 (average age 78 years) were assessed for caries risk using the systems in this cohort study.
Results: Subjects with a positive Saliva Check sIgA showed a significantly lower increment of decayed and filled teeth number (DFT) on the coronal surface; whereas those testing negative had root decay and increased filled teeth numbers (RDFT) at the root surface during the following year. The combination of Saliva Check sIgA and modified Saliva Check SM (TM) showed the subjects with Saliva Check sIgA positive and modified Saliva Check SM (TM) negative had less than half of the increment of DFT than other groups. In the other groups, Saliva Check sIgA negative and modified Saliva Check SM (TM) positive detected >90% of the subjects with an MS level of >5 x 10(5)/mL of saliva in patients that were assessed in 2006. This suggests these subjects may need extensive care.
Conclusions: This new combination system significantly evaluates the caries risk to predict future incidence for dental caries on the coronal surface and may be useful for risk diagnosis of caries during a visit to the dental office. (Clin. Lab. 2010;56:505-512)

高齢者の口腔乾燥感と神経症症状および服薬との関連 Reviewed

船山さおり, 伊藤加世子, 濃野要, 五十嵐敦子, 井上誠, 葭原明弘, 宮﨑秀夫

日本口腔衛生学会雑誌 60 ( 5 ) 575 - 583 2010

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会

高齢者の口腔乾燥感は主に薬剤の副作用によって生じると言われている。高齢者はストレスへの耐性が低いが、神経症症状と口腔乾燥感との関連を検討した報告は少ない。また、服薬および神経症症状と口腔乾燥感に関して、同じ対象者において同時に検討した報告も少ない。よって本研究では、高齢者における口腔乾燥感の自覚頻度を明らかにするとともに、服薬および神経症症状と口腔乾燥感の関連について検討することを目的とした。高齢者398名を対象として、質問紙や面接聞き取り等により口腔乾燥感、服薬状況および神経症症状を調査した。神経症症状の評価には、日本版GHQ30を用いた。口腔乾燥感を有する者は60.4%、神経症症状を有する者は27.6%であった。服薬中の者は72.3%、服薬数の最頻値は2剤であった。口渇高頻度薬剤の服用者は18.7%、服薬数の最頻値は1剤であった。口腔乾燥感を従属変数、性、神経症症状および口渇高頻度薬剤の服用を説明変数としたロジスティック回帰分析を行った結果、神経症症状のある者(オッズ比:2.059、p<0.05)および口渇高頻度薬剤の服用者(オッズ比:2.552、p<0.05)は、そうでない者と比べ統計学的に有意に口腔乾燥感のある者の割合が高かった。以上により、高齢者において神経症症状が、服薬と同様に口腔乾燥感に関連していることが示唆された。(著者抄録)

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.60.5_575

Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/default/link?pub_year=2010&ichushi_jid=J00440&link_issn=&doc_id=20101109220004&doc_link_id=%2Fdk1dehea%2F2010%2F006005%2F005%2F0575-0583%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdk1dehea%2F2010%2F006005%2F005%2F0575-0583%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

A study of oral health in Vientiane, Lao PDR Reviewed

M Kaneko, H Ogawa, A Yoshihara, N Murayama, S Ladparkdy, K Phommavongsa, B Boupha, H Miyazaki

The international Journal of Oral Health 6 1 - 7 2010

The Effects of Medication and Psychological Well-being on Subjective Oral Dryness in the Elderly

FUNAYAMA Saori, ITO Kayoko, NOHNO Kaname, IGARASHI Atsuko, INOUE Makoto, YOSHIHARA Akihiro, MIYAZAKI Hideo

J Dent Hlth 60 ( 5 ) 575 - 583 2010

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japanese Society for Oral Health

Objective: One of the main causes of subjective oral dryness in the elderly is the side effects of medication. In addition, the elderly's tolerance to stress is low, and stress may induce many symptoms including mouth dryness. Thus, it is necessary to examine their psychological well-being. However, few reports have considered the relationship between subjective oral dryness and psychological well-being. Furthermore, few reports have examined subjective oral dryness, medication use, and psychological well-being simultaneously. The purpose of this study was to investigate the rate of subjective oral dryness and effects of psychological well-being and medication in the elderly. Methods: A questionnaire survey and interview concerning subjective oral dryness, medication use, and psychological symptoms were conducted involving 398 elderly aged 77-78 years old in Japan. The rates of the side effect of subjective oral dryness caused by medication and drug efficacy were investigated using the book 'Drugs in Japan'. The Japanese version of a general health questionnaire (GHQ 30), a self-entry type questionnaire, was used to evaluate psychological well-being. The elderly with scores greater

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.60.5_575

高齢者における咀嚼回数と食品群別摂取量および栄養素等摂取量との関連 Reviewed

岩崎正則, 葭原明弘, 村松芳多子, 渡邊令子, 宮崎秀夫

日本口腔衛生学会雑誌 60 128 - 138 2010

Correlation between Oral Care and Fever in General Ward Patients Reviewed

Ryoko Hori, Naoko Takano, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki

Japanese Journal of Environmental Infections 25 ( 2 ) 85 - 90 2010

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Many studies have examined the preventive effects of oral care provided by dental professionals against aspiration pneumonia in elderly nursing home residents who require care. However, few reports have evaluated routine oral care provided by nurses to inpatients. Therefore, we investigated the correlation between oral care provided to general ward patients and the incidence of fever and the detection of the etiologic agents of hospital-acquired pneumonia in the oral cavity in 69 in-patients, aged 40 years or older, who were admitted to four hospitals in Niigata and required assistance in oral care. The number and details of oral care procedures were recorded. The presence of Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the oral cavity were quantified, and fevers of 37.5°C or higher over the previous week were recorded. The subjects were divided into two groups based on oral intake (oral intake and non-oral intake groups), and Fisher's direct probability test was used to compare their results. For the oral intake group, the incidence of fever and the detection rate of S. Aureus were significantly lower for subjects who received oral care three times a day. On the other hand, for the non-oral intake group, the ratio of patients with fevers was significantly lower for those who received oral care using toothbrushes. These findings suggest that, for inpatients who ingest food orally, frequent oral care can prevent fever and opportunistic pathogen colonization in the oral cavity, and that for inpatients who do not ingest food orally, fever can be prevented by mechanical oral care using a toothbrush. © 2010, Japanese Society for Infection Prevention and Control. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.4058/jsei.25.85

A Quick Statistically Accurate Diagnosis for Caries Risk in the Elderly Reviewed

Hidenobu Senpuku, Hideo Miyazaki, Saori Yoneda, Akihiro Yoshihara, Akio Tada

CLINICAL LABORATORY 56 ( 11-12 ) 505 - 512 2010

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：CLIN LAB PUBL

Background: In the elderly, the necessity to promote oral health is increasing to improve their quality of life. The prediction of dental caries risk makes it possible to prolong the life span of teeth. To develop a quick diagnosis system for caries risk, two methods, the modified Saliva Check SM (TM) and Saliva Check sIgA, were investigated in elderly patients.
Methods: We developed a caries risk quick assessment system using Saliva Check sIgA that specifically recognizes secretory IgA (sIgA) in saliva against the binding site of the mutans streptococci (MS) to the salivary-coated tooth surface; and combined it with a modified Saliva Check SM (TM) to determine the number of MS. One hundred eighty three patients (80 females, 103 males) who participated in 2005 (average age 77 years) and in 2006 (average age 78 years) were assessed for caries risk using the systems in this cohort study.
Results: Subjects with a positive Saliva Check sIgA showed a significantly lower increment of decayed and filled teeth number (DFT) on the coronal surface; whereas those testing negative had root decay and increased filled teeth numbers (RDFT) at the root surface during the following year. The combination of Saliva Check sIgA and modified Saliva Check SM (TM) showed the subjects with Saliva Check sIgA positive and modified Saliva Check SM (TM) negative had less than half of the increment of DFT than other groups. In the other groups, Saliva Check sIgA negative and modified Saliva Check SM (TM) positive detected >90% of the subjects with an MS level of >5 x 10(5)/mL of saliva in patients that were assessed in 2006. This suggests these subjects may need extensive care.
Conclusions: This new combination system significantly evaluates the caries risk to predict future incidence for dental caries on the coronal surface and may be useful for risk diagnosis of caries during a visit to the dental office. (Clin. Lab. 2010;56:505-512)

小規模障害者施設における心身障害者のう蝕および歯周病の罹患状況に関する研究 Reviewed

杉浦貴美子, 葭原明弘, 藤山友紀, 岡田匠, 宮﨑秀夫

日本口腔衛生学会雑誌 60 112 - 118 2010

The Relationship between the Speed of Eating and Nutritional Intake of Japanese Aged 80 Years Old Based on Responses to a Brief-type Self-administered Diet History Questionnaire Reviewed

IWASAKI Masanori, YOSHIHARA Akihiro, MURAMATSU Kanako, WATANABE Reiko, MIYAZAKI Hideo

Journal of dental health 60 ( 1 ) 30 - 37 2010

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japanese Society for Dental Health

A brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ) is a validated method of dietary assessment. This study investigated the relationship between the speed of eating, which is considered an eating behavior, and the estimated nutrient intake using the BDHQ in community-dwelling Japanese aged 80 years old. Three hundred and fifty-four participants (174 males and 180 females) aged 80 years old who participated in both dental examinations and BDHQ assessment conducted in 2008 were included in the analysis. The speed of eating was self-reported by giving a response chosen from five qualitative categories: 'very fast', 'relatively fast', 'medium', 'relatively slowly', and 'very slowly'. The five categories were classified into two categories for statistical analysis, that is, participants who answered 'very fast' and 'relatively fast' were defined as 'eating fast', while those who answered 'medium', 'relatively slowly', and 'very slowly' were defined as 'eating slowly'. The nutrient intake was calculated from the BDHQ using the ad-hoc program developed for nutrient calculation based on BDHQ responses. The estimated nutrient intake was compared between the two groups defined as eating 'fast' or 'slowly'. Furthermore, multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted using the speed of eating, gender, BMI, number of teeth, and masticatory function as independent variables to assess the influence on the estimated nutrient intake. The participants defined as eating 'fast' consumed significantly more zinc, copper, cryptoxanthin, and vitamin C than participants defined as eating 'slowly' (p=0.012, p=0.022, p=0.007, and p=0.049, respectively; Student's t-test). Moreover, the zinc, copper, cryptoxanthin, and vitamin C intakes of participants defined as eating 'fast' remained significantly higher than those of participants defined as eating 'slowly' after simultaneously adjusting for possible confounders (p=0.027, p=0.039, p=0.004, and p=0.043, respectively). The findings of this study suggest that Japanese people aged 80 years old who define themselves as eating fast consume higher levels of nutrients that are included in meat, fish, shellfish, vegetables, and fruits.

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.60.1_30

Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2010121408

Evaluation of Personalized Oral Health Program for Mothers Provided with Screening Examination at their Infants' Medical and Dental Check-ups Reviewed

YOSHIHARA Akihiro, KANEKO Noboru, SUGIMOTO Tomoko, SEIDA Yoshikazu, SATO Toru, MIYAZAKI Hideo

Journal of dental health 60 ( 1 ) 11 - 16 2010

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japanese Society for Dental Health

Dental examinations are often conducted in cities, towns, and villages as part of an oral health program for adults. However, in many places, a low percentage of subjects participate in these programs. This study evaluated the effects of a prevention program on periodontal disease focusing on personal education for adults, assessing whether or not the percentage of subjects who use interdental brushes or dental floss daily increase. Seventy-three mothers were surveyed in S city in Niigata Prefecture. Clinical examinations were performed for mothers who visited their local health centers while taking their children for their 1- or 2.5- year medical and dental check-ups. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: test group (n=29, mean age=32.7±5.1) and control group (n=44, mean age=30.2±5.2). For the test group, a chewing function test using chewing gum and a saliva bleeding test employing stimulated saliva as a screening examination, as well as personal education regarding dental care, were conducted by dental hygienists. The instruction was provided to improve the following two items: (1) the use of dental floss or interdental brushes, and (2) regular professional dental check-ups. We used a jaw model, booklets, and dental floss to support the personal instruction. For the control group, a dental examination using a probe and mirror was conducted, and tooth-brushing instructions were provided. Changes in oral health conditions and oral health behavior were evaluated over a 3-month period. The results showed that the rate of subjects who used dental floss or interdental brushes increased from 41.4% (baseline) to 62.1% (3 months) in the test group (20.7% change, P<0.001) compared with 34.1% (baseline) to 47.7% (3 months) in the control group (13.6% change, P<0.001). These results demonstrate that personal instruction with, a screening examination for mothers who bring their children for medical and dental check-ups may improve oral hygiene.

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.60.1_11

Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2010121405

Economic Evaluation of a School-based Combined Program with a Targeted Pit and Fissure Sealant and Fluoride Mouth Rinse in Japan.

Sakuma S, Yoshihara A, Miyazaki H, Kobayashi S

The open dentistry journal 4 230 - 6 2010

特定高齢者における口腔機能向上プログラムの効果 Reviewed

薄波清美, 髙野尚子, 葭原明弘, 宮﨑秀夫

新潟歯学会雑誌 40 33 - 37 2010

Low calcium intake is associated with increased bone resorption in postmenopausal Japanese women: Yokogoshi Study Reviewed

Kazutoshi Nakamura, Toshiko Saito, Akihiro Yoshihara, Miki Ishikawa, Yasuo Tsuchiya, Rieko Oshiki, Ryosaku Kobayashi, Keiko Maruyama, Keiko Hyodo, Mitsue Nashimoto, Naoko Tsugawa, Toshio Okano, Mari Oyama, Masaharu Yamamoto

PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION 12 ( 12 ) 2366 - 2370 2009.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS

Objective: Low Ca intake is common among Japanese women, but its effect Oil bone metabolism has not been fully elucidated. The aim Of the present study was to determine the relationship between Ca intake and serum markers of bone turnover ill postmenopausal Japanese women.
Design: A cross-sectional study.
Setting: A community setting.
Subjects: Subjects were 595 home-dwelling postmenopausal Japanese women. Ca intake was assessed by a validated FFQ, Serum type I collagen cross-linked N-telopeptides (NTX) and osteocalcin Were measured as markers of bone turnover. The relationships between demographic characteristics, lifestyles, serum Ca, vitamin D and intact serum parathyroid hormone and bone turnover were also assessed.
Results: The average age of the subjects was 64.5 (SD 5.8) years and the mean Ca intake was 527 (SD 160) mg/d. Ca intake was significantly associated with serum NTX (P=0.0104); but not with serum osteocalcin. Mean serum NTX concentration in the lowest quartile of Ca intake (<417 mg/d) was significantly higher than in the fourth, referent quartile. Among these Japanese postmenopausal women, very low Ca intake (less than similar to 400 mg/d) was associated with increased bone resorption but not one formation.
Conclusions: Increased bone resorption may be one mechanism by which this Ca-depleted population normalizes bone metabolism and prevents osteoporosis.

DOI： 10.1017/S1368980009005084

Low calcium intake is associated with increased bone resorption in postmenopausal Japanese women: Yokogoshi Study

Kazutoshi Nakamura, Toshiko Saito, Akihiro Yoshihara, Miki Ishikawa, Yasuo Tsuchiya, Rieko Oshiki, Ryosaku Kobayashi, Keiko Maruyama, Keiko Hyodo, Mitsue Nashimoto, Naoko Tsugawa, Toshio Okano, Mari Oyama, Masaharu Yamamoto

PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION 12 ( 12 ) 2366 - 2370 2009.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS

Objective: Low Ca intake is common among Japanese women, but its effect Oil bone metabolism has not been fully elucidated. The aim Of the present study was to determine the relationship between Ca intake and serum markers of bone turnover ill postmenopausal Japanese women.
Design: A cross-sectional study.
Setting: A community setting.
Subjects: Subjects were 595 home-dwelling postmenopausal Japanese women. Ca intake was assessed by a validated FFQ, Serum type I collagen cross-linked N-telopeptides (NTX) and osteocalcin Were measured as markers of bone turnover. The relationships between demographic characteristics, lifestyles, serum Ca, vitamin D and intact serum parathyroid hormone and bone turnover were also assessed.
Results: The average age of the subjects was 64.5 (SD 5.8) years and the mean Ca intake was 527 (SD 160) mg/d. Ca intake was significantly associated with serum NTX (P=0.0104); but not with serum osteocalcin. Mean serum NTX concentration in the lowest quartile of Ca intake (<417 mg/d) was significantly higher than in the fourth, referent quartile. Among these Japanese postmenopausal women, very low Ca intake (less than similar to 400 mg/d) was associated with increased bone resorption but not one formation.
Conclusions: Increased bone resorption may be one mechanism by which this Ca-depleted population normalizes bone metabolism and prevents osteoporosis.

DOI： 10.1017/S1368980009005084

日本における集団応用でのフッ化物洗口に関する実態調査施設別、都道府県別の普及状況(2008) Reviewed

木本一成, 田浦勝彦, 田口千恵子, 相田潤, 晴佐久悟, 葭原明弘, 安藤雄一, 荒川浩久, 境脩

口腔衛生学会雑誌 59 ( 5 ) 586 - 595 2009.10

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会

NPO法人日本むし歯予防フッ素推進会議は、2008年3月現在の全国での集団応用フッ化物(F)洗口実施状況を、(財)8020推進財団、WHO口腔保健協力センターと共同調査した。F洗口実施率は、全国の施設総数の9.0%、児童生徒総数(4歳〜15歳未満)の5.1%と低かった。各施設(保育所、幼稚園、小学校、中学校、特別支援学校等)でF洗口実施人数の約50%を1割程度の自治体が占め、普及に都道府県間の格差を認めた。洗口回数は、保育所、幼稚園で週5回が、小学校、中学校、特別支援学校等で週1回が多かった。使用洗口液F濃度は、年齢が上がるにつれて900ppmFの割合が多いものの、特別支援学校等では450ppmFが多かった。洗口剤は保育所、幼稚園、特別支援学校で市販F洗口製剤が、小学校、中学校でフッ化ナトリウム試薬の使用割合が高かった。経費負担者・団体は、いずれの施設でも行政や教育委員会が最も多かった。「健康日本21の地方計画」にF応用が組み込まれず、F洗口の目標値のない自治体の存在や、実施状況に都道府県間の格差がみられたことから、格差是正に向け、公衆衛生施策としてF洗口を検討すべきである。本調査がF洗口の目標(数値目標)を検討するための基礎データとして利用され、2010〜2012年度に行われる「健康日本21」最終評価で、F洗口の目標や数値目標の設定を採択し、2013年度以降の運動推進に反映されるように提言する。(著者抄録)

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.59.5_586

Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2009&ichushi_jid=J00440&link_issn=&doc_id=20091109290006&doc_link_id=%2Fdk1dehea%2F2009%2F005905%2F007%2F0586-0595%26dl%3D0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdk1dehea%2F2009%2F005905%2F007%2F0586-0595%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Long-term follow-up of the effects of a school-based caries preventive programme involving fluoride mouth rinse and targeted fissure sealant: Evaluation at 20 years old

Aya Nakamura, Shihoko Sakuma, Akihiro Yoshihara, Tomoya Deguchi, Minoru Yagi, Hideo Miyazaki

INTERNATIONAL DENTAL JOURNAL 59 ( 4 ) 215 - 221 2009.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：F D I WORLD DENTAL PRESS LTD

Aims: The evaluation of long-term effects five years after the completion of a school-based caries prevention programme combined with fluoride mouth rinse (FMR) and targeted sealant application (TS). Participants: 46 subjects in the FMR+TS group and 55 subjects in the FMR group, who were 20 -21 years old, were analysed. They had participated in each 11-year programme, underwent a dental examination at the age of 20 years and answered a self-administered questionnaire. Methods: The caries prevalence and mean DMFT were calculated, and differences between the two groups were analysed by the X(2) test and Mann-Whitney test, respectively. Logistic and multiple regression analyses were performed using sex, group, and five questionnaire items as independent variables. Results: The caries prevalence and mean DMFT (SD) was 28.3%, 1.56 (3.00) in the FMR+TS group and 60.0%, 2.20 (2.44) in the FMR group, and the difference was significant respectively. In the logistic regression analysis the odds ratio of the FMR+TS group to the FMR group was 0.28 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The caries-preventive effects of a school-based combined programme with FMR and TS continued for more than five years after the programme until the age of 20 years.

DOI： 10.1922/IDJ_2233Sakuma07

Long-term follow-up of the effects of a school-based caries preventive programme involving fluoride mouth rinse and targeted fissure sealant: Evaluation at 20 vears old Reviewed

Aya Nakamura, Shihoko Sakuma, Akihiro Yoshihara, Tomoya Deguchi, Minoru Yagi

International Dental Journal 59 ( 4 ) 215 - 221 2009.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Aims: The evaluation of long-term effects five years after the completion of a school-based caries prevention programme combined with fluoride mouth rinse (FMR) and targeted sealant application (TS). Participants: 46 subjects in the FMR+TS group and 55 subjects in the FMR group, who were 20 -21 years old, were analysed. They had participated in each 11-year programme, underwent a dental examination at the age of 20 years and answered a self-administered questionnaire. Methods: The caries prevalence and mean DMFT were calculated, and differences between the two groups were analysed by the X2 test and Mann-Whitney test, respectively. Logistic and multiple regression analyses were performed using sex, group, and five questionnaire items as independent variables. Results: The caries prevalence and mean DMFT (SD) was 28.3%, 1.56 (3.00) in the FMR+TS group and 60.0%, 2.20 (2.44) in the FMR group, and the difference was significant respectively. In the logistic regression analysis the odds ratio of the FMR+TS group to the FMR group was 0.28 (p &lt
0.05). Conclusions: The caries-preventive effects of a school-based combined programme with FMR and TS continued for more than five years after the programme until the age of 20 years. © 2009 FDI/World Dental Press.

DOI： 10.1922/IDJ-2233Sakuma07

高齢者[79歳から80歳]における唾液量・服用薬剤・血液情報[生化学検査]との関連 Reviewed

市川加奈, 佐久間汐子, 葭原明弘, 宮崎秀夫, 五十嵐敦子

日本老年歯科医学会総会・学術大会プログラム・抄録集 20回 140 - 140 2009.6

A longitudinal study of the relationship between diet intake and dental caries and periodontal disease in elderly Japanese subjects Reviewed

Yoshihara, Akihiro, Watanabe, Reiko, Hanada, Nobuhiro, Miyazaki, Hideo

GERODONTOLOGY 26 ( 2 ) 130 - 136 2009.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC

We hypothesise that a difference in nutrition influences dental caries and periodontal disease. There are few previous studies especially longitudinal ones which have evaluated this hypothesis. This study investigated the relationship between nutritional intake, including milk and milk products (MMP), and dental disease, controlling for several confounding factors.A group of 600 subjects aged 70, randomly selected for this study, included approximately the same number of male and female subjects. The number of teeth on which root caries had occurred or where there was a periodontal event over a 6-year period was measured. To determine quantitative food intake at baseline, a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used during face-to-face interviews by dieticians. The stepwise method of multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of the number of root caries or periodontal disease events during the 6 years. Intake of the six food groups includes (i) fish, shellfish, meat, beans and eggs; (ii) MMP; (iii) dark green and yellow vegetables (DYV); (iv) other vegetables and fruits; (v) cereals, nuts and seeds, sugar and sweeteners, confectioneries (CNSC) and (vi) fats and oils. The alcohol, gender and anthropometric evaluation including measurements of weight and height for the calculation of body mass index, educational level, the number of family members and the number of remaining teeth were used as independent variables.According to stepwise multiple regression analysis, two variables (quantity of MMP, and gender) were negatively associated with the number of root caries events during the 6 years. The standardised coefficients were -0.14 (p = 0.035) and -0.17 (p = 0.007) respectively. In addition, DYV were negatively, and three other variables (CNSC; alcohol; and the number of remaining teeth at baseline) were positively associated with the number of periodontal disease events during the 6 years. The standardised coefficients were -0.16 (p = 0.001), 0.11 (p = 0.042), 0.10 (p = 0.041) and 0.58 (p < 0.001) respectively.Our results suggest that the intake of MMP in this elderly population correlated with root caries events. In addition, intake of vegetables negatively correlated, and intake of 'CNSC' positively correlated with periodontal disease events.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2008.00244.x

A longitudinal study of the relationship between diet intake and dental caries and periodontal disease in elderly Japanese subjects.

Yoshihara A, Watanabe R, Hanada N, Miyazaki H

Gerodontology 26 ( 2 ) 130 - 6 2009.6

The Relationship Between Serum Lipids and Periodontitis in Elderly Non-Smokers

Aki Izumi, Akihiro Yoshihara, Toshinobu Hirotomi, Hideo Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY 80 ( 5 ) 740 - 748 2009.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY

Background: There are common risk factors for periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease in elderly patients. Some studies reported that a low total cholesterol (TC) serum level is associated with a higher level of death in the elderly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum lipids and periodontal disease in non-smoking elderly patients.
Methods: Two hundred thirty-four non-smokers (63 males and 171 females) participated in this study. Multiple regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between serum lipids and periodontitis and between serum lipids and inflammatory factors. The percentage of sites with probing depth (PD) A mm, clinical attachment level (CAL) A mm, and bleeding on probing (BOP) were used as dependent variables. TC, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), gender, and the number of teeth present were included in the model as independent variables in the first analysis. TC, HDL-C, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were used as dependent variables. Albumin, inorganic phosphorus, calcium, and C-reactive protein were used as independent variables in the second analysis.
Results: According to the results of the multiple linear regression analysis, TC was associated with the percentage of sites with PD A mm (P <0.01; beta = -0. 19), CAL >= 4 mm (P <0.01; beta = -0.20), and BOP (P = 0.03; beta = -0.16). HDL-C and LDL-C have a significant association with inflammatory markers and inorganic phosphorus and calcium, respectively.
Conclusion: Higher TC is associated with a lower prevalence of periodontitis in non-smoking elderly patients. J Periodontol 2009;80:740-748.

DOI： 10.1902/jop.2009.080584

The Relationship Between Serum Lipids and Periodontitis in Elderly Non-Smokers Reviewed

Aki Izumi, Akihiro Yoshihara, Toshinobu Hirotomi, Hideo Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY 80 ( 5 ) 740 - 748 2009.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY

Background: There are common risk factors for periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease in elderly patients. Some studies reported that a low total cholesterol (TC) serum level is associated with a higher level of death in the elderly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum lipids and periodontal disease in non-smoking elderly patients.
Methods: Two hundred thirty-four non-smokers (63 males and 171 females) participated in this study. Multiple regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between serum lipids and periodontitis and between serum lipids and inflammatory factors. The percentage of sites with probing depth (PD) A mm, clinical attachment level (CAL) A mm, and bleeding on probing (BOP) were used as dependent variables. TC, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), gender, and the number of teeth present were included in the model as independent variables in the first analysis. TC, HDL-C, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were used as dependent variables. Albumin, inorganic phosphorus, calcium, and C-reactive protein were used as independent variables in the second analysis.
Results: According to the results of the multiple linear regression analysis, TC was associated with the percentage of sites with PD A mm (P <0.01; beta = -0. 19), CAL >= 4 mm (P <0.01; beta = -0.20), and BOP (P = 0.03; beta = -0.16). HDL-C and LDL-C have a significant association with inflammatory markers and inorganic phosphorus and calcium, respectively.
Conclusion: Higher TC is associated with a lower prevalence of periodontitis in non-smoking elderly patients. J Periodontol 2009;80:740-748.

DOI： 10.1902/jop.2009.080584

Relation of bone turnover markers to periodontal disease and jaw bone morphology in elderly Japanese subjects Reviewed

A. Yoshihara, T. Deguchi, N. Hanada, H. Miyazaki

ORAL DISEASES 15 ( 2 ) 176 - 181 2009.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation of bone turnover markers such as bone formation and resorption to periodontal disease and jaw bone morphology in elderly Japanese subjects.
We selected 148 subjects for participation in this study. All subjects were aged 77 years. The periodontal examination included the assessment of clinical attachment level (CAL). Biochemical parameters of bone turnover measured included urinary deoxypyridinoline, serum osteocalcin (S-OC), and serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase. In addition, to evaluate the jawbone, we used the mandibular inferior cortex classification (MIC).
Serum osteocalcin had significantly higher (males: P = 0.038, females: P = 0.041) tendency for MIC Class (ANOVA). Multiple linear regression results showed that the number of remaining teeth and S-OC were negatively associated with the percentage of sites with >= 6 mm CAL (R(2) = 0.322, P < 0.001). Coefficients and betas were -0.71, -0.46 (P < 0.001) and -1.11, -0.28 (P = 0.002), respectively.
In conclusion, this study suggests that there is a significant relation of bone turnover markers to periodontal disease and jaw bone morphology in elderly Japanese subjects.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2008.01511.x

Circulating TNF- α and oral health condition in elderly Japanese

Hideaki Hayashida, Toshiyuki Saito, Reiko Furugen, Noboru Yamaguchi, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hiroshi Ogawa, Hideo Miyazaki

Tumor Necrosis Factor 151 - 158 2009.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

© 2009 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Objectives The oral cavity, especially area around teeth, is a hotbed for bacteria, which compose a biofilm that becomes a significant source of continuous subclinical infection. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which is secreted from adipose tissue and developing type 2 diabetes, is also known to be secreted in periodontal inflammation. Moreover, there is a two-way relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease. We hypothesized that the circulating level of TNF-α is associated with the oral health condition, including periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between serum levels of TNF-α and the oral health condition in elderly Japanese people. Methods Among 418 Japanese subjects, 76 years old, who attended complete oral and general health examinations held in Niigata, Japan, in 2004, the serum TNF-α levels of 198 subjects were measured by ELISA. Among them, 76 subjects with healthy gingiva (maximum probing depth ≤ 5 mm, at least 10 teeth), 85 subjects with periodontitis (maximum probing depth ≥ 6 mm, at least 10 teeth), and 37 edentulous subjects were selected. Serum levels of TNF-α were compared among the groups using the Kruskal- Wallis test. The proportions of subjects with detectable levels of TNF-α (≥ 0.5 pg/mL) were compared by chi-square test. Results The median serum TNF-α levels in subjects with healthy gingiva, those with periodontitis, and edentulous subjects were 0.64 pg/mL (range 0-16.36), 0.72 pg/mL (range 0-4.53), and 0.00 pg/mL (range 0-1.83), respectively. The frequencies of detectable TNF-α levels were 48/76 (63.2%), 53/85 (62.4%), and 6/37 (16.2%), respectively. There were no significant differences between subjects with and without periodontitis. However, TNF-α levels and the frequency of subjects with detectable levels of TNF-α were significantly lower in edentulous subjects than in other groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion In this study of elderly Japanese, the circulating TNF-α levels were not affected by current periodontal status. However, they were significantly lower in edentulous subjects than in the other two dentate groups, suggesting that the oral cavity in elderly people with teeth could be a source of systemic subclinical inflammation, which may have negative effects on general health.

オーラルディアドコキネスの測定法に関する研究 Reviewed

伊藤加代子, 葭原明弘, 高野尚子, 石上和男, 清田義和, 井上誠, 北原稔, 宮﨑秀夫

老年歯学 24 48 - 54 2009.1

新潟市における口腔機能向上事業の結果分析 Reviewed

金子正幸, 葭原明弘, 伊藤加代子, 高野尚子, 藤山友紀, 宮﨑秀夫

口腔衛生会誌 59 26 - 33 2009.1

地域在住高齢者に対する口腔機能向上事業の有効性 Reviewed

金子正幸, 葭原明弘, 伊藤加代子, 高野尚子, 藤山友紀, 宮崎秀夫

口腔衛生学会雑誌 59 ( 1 ) 26 - 33 2009.1

Language：Japanese Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会

平成18年度より、地域支援事業の一環として口腔機能向上事業が実施されている。本調査の目的は、口腔機能向上事業が高齢者の口腔の健康維持・増進に与える効果を検討し、今後の事業展開のための指針を得ることである。対象者は65歳以上の高齢者で、基本健康診査を受診し、厚生労働省が示す特定高齢者の選定に用いる基本チェックリストの「半年前に比べて固い物が食べにくくなりましたか」「お茶や汁物等でむせることがありますか」「口の渇きが気になりますか」の3項目すべてに該当する55名である。対象者に対して、口腔衛生指導や集団訓練としての機能的口腔ケアからなる口腔機能向上事業を、4回または6回コースとして3ヵ月間実施した。口腔衛生状態、口腔機能およびQOLについて事業前後の評価を行った。その結果、反復唾液嚥下テスト(RSST)積算時間は、1回目:事前7.5±5.6秒、事後5.6±3.1秒、2回目:事前16.2±9.7秒、事後12.4±6.9秒、3回目:事前25.7±14.7秒、事後19.4±10.9秒と改善がみられ、2回目、3回目について、その差は統計学的に有意であった(p<0.01)。口腔機能についてはその他のすべての項目について、統計学的に有意な改善がみられた。本調査より、新潟市における口腔機能向上事業は、高齢者の摂食・嚥下機能をはじめとした口腔機能の維持・増進に有効であることが認められた。(著者抄録)

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.59.1_26

70歳地域在住高齢者の歯の喪失リスク要因に関する研究－５年間のコホート調査結果－ Reviewed

近藤隆子, 葭原明弘, 清田義和, 宮﨑秀夫

日本口腔衛生学会雑誌 59 198 - 206 2009

Physical Function Is Weakly Associated with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene I/D Polymorphism in Elderly Japanese Subjects Reviewed

A. Yoshihara, T. Tobina, T. Yamaga, M. Ayabe, Y. Yoshitake, Y. Kimura, M. Shimada, M. Nishimuta, N. Nakagawa, M. Ohashi, N. Hanada, H. Tanaka, A. Kiyonaga, H. Miyazaki

GERONTOLOGY 55 ( 4 ) 387 - 392 2009

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：KARGER

Background: The turning point in the deterioration of physical function seems to occur between the ages of 70 and 80 years. In particular, muscle strength may decline even more in subjects older than 75. A recent study found that the angio-tens in converting enzyme (ACE) genotype also affects physiological left ventricular hypertrophy. A very limited number of papers have examined genetic differences in resistance and endurance forms of a single sporting discipline. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between ACE genotype and physical function by controlling the known confounding factors including dental status. Methods: We selected 431 subjects who were aged 76 years and did not require special care for their daily activities. We conducted a medical examination, followed by 5 physical function tests, as follows: (1) maximum hand grip strength, (2) maximal isometric knee extensor strength, (3) maximal stepping rate for 10 s, (4) one-leg standing time with eyes open and (5) 10-meter maximum walking speed. Subjects were genotyped for the ACE intron 16 Alu insertion. In addition, serum concentrations of total cholesterol, total protein, IgA and IgG were measured at a commercial laboratory. The Eichner index was used as an indicator of occlusal condition. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between the ACE gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and physical function considering confounding factors. Results: The ACE gene I/D polymorphism was positively associated with hand grip strength and 10-meter maximum walking speed. Betas of hand grip strength were 0.09 for I/D (p = 0.022) and 0.12 for insertion/insertion (I/I; p = 0.004). Betas of 10-meter walking speed were -0.11 for I/D (p = 0.093) and -0.14 for I/I (p = 0.039). Dental status such as Eichner index class C was significantly associated with one-leg standing time with eyes open (beta -0.11; p = 0.028). Conclusion: This study suggests that there is a significant relationship between ACE genotype and physical function. In particular, subjects with the ACE deletion/deletion genotype were associated with upper extremities. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel

DOI： 10.1159/000222429

オーラルディアドコキネスの測定法に関する研究 Reviewed

伊藤加代子, 葭原明弘, 高野尚子, 石上和男, 清田義和, 井上誠, 北原稔, 宮﨑秀夫

老年歯科医学会雑誌 24 48 - 54 2009

Factors Affecting the Satisfaction of Elderly Denture Wearers Reviewed

KON Haruka, SATOH Naoko, NOMURA Shuichi, SAKURAI Naoki, TANAKA Mikako, HOSOGAI Akiko, YAMADA Kazuho, KINJOH Atsushi, KAI Asako, YAMASHITA Emi, KANEKO Atsuro, MAGARA Zin, KOBAYASHI Hiroshi, MIYAZAKI Hideo, YOSHIHARA Akihiro, KOHNO Shoji

Annals of Japan Prosthodontic Society 1 ( 4 ) 361 - 369 2009

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Prosthodontic Society

<B>Purpose:</B> This study aimed to define the relationship between satisfaction of wearing denture and three factors ("easy to chew", "retention in chewing", "absence of pain"), as well as the missing teeth pattern with Miyachi classification, the chewing ability.<br><B>Methods:</B> A total of 256 subjects (born in 1927) living in Niigata city, Japan who had answered a questionnaire survey in 2007 on the relationship between oral health and health status were selected for this study. Satisfaction with dentures and three factors ("easy to chew", "retention in chewing", and "absence of pain") were evaluated with the VAS score. This study also investigated grouping the pattern of missing teeth based on the Miyachi classification. In addition, a questionnaire was conducted to investigate whether the elderly people could chew around 15 different food items or not.<br><B>Result:</B> It was clearly shown that satisfaction with dentures was correlated with the three points of chewing easily, stability, and pain-free among elderly people. However, none of the three points showed a far stronger correlation than the others. The results also showed that there was no relation between the missing teeth pattern classified with the Miyachi classification and satisfaction with dentures. The results of the questionnaire revealed that the number of food items taken by the elderly people was significantly lower in the group not satisfied with dentures than the other groups (Excellent, good, poorly satisfaction group). <br><B>Conclusion:</B> It was confirmed that chewing easily, stability and pain-free enhance satisfaction with dentures. However, satisfaction with dentures was not ascribed to the pattern of missing teeth; accordingly, we consider that we can keep elderly people satisfied by fabricating good dentures and performing appropriate adjustments regardless of difficult patterns of missing teeth.

DOI： 10.2186/ajps.1.361

Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2010031506

Association between serum calcium and periodontal disease progression in non-institutionalized elderly Reviewed

Najith Amarasena, Akihiro Yoshihara, Toshinobu Hirotomi, Naoko Takano, Hideo Miyazaki

GERODONTOLOGY 25 ( 4 ) 245 - 250 2008.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

To assess the effect of baseline serum calcium on the progression of periodontal disease in non-institutionalized elderly.
Although a few studies have found some evidence of the role played by dietary calcium in periodontal disease process, there is a paucity of information pertinent to longitudinal assessment of serum calcium-periodontal relationships.
Clinical attachment levels of 266 Japanese subjects aged 70 years were recorded at baseline and annually for six consecutive years. Progression of periodontal disease (PPD) was defined as the number of teeth that showed additional attachment loss of >= 3 mm during the 6 years. The number of PPD was calculated for each subject and categorised into four levels, namely, PPD(0), PPD(1), PPD(2) and PPD(3) where the number of teeth with additional attachment loss ranged from 0, 1-10, 11-20 and > 20 respectively. The levels of serum calcium, albumin, random blood sugar, immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA and IgM), gender, smoking habits, education, gingival bleeding and the number of teeth present were obtained at baseline.
Serum calcium, IgA, smoking, gingival bleeding and teeth present were associated with PPD at p <= 0.10 and were included in a multinomial logistic regression analysis. Serum calcium was the only variable that was significantly associated with PPD with relative risks of 100 at PPD(1) and PPD(2), respectively, and 1000 at PPD(3).
Serum calcium may be considered a risk factor for periodontal disease progression in non-institutionalized elderly.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2007.00211.x

Association between serum calcium and periodontal disease progression in non-institutionalized elderly

Najith Amarasena, Akihiro Yoshihara, Toshinobu Hirotomi, Naoko Takano, Hideo Miyazaki

GERODONTOLOGY 25 ( 4 ) 245 - 250 2008.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

To assess the effect of baseline serum calcium on the progression of periodontal disease in non-institutionalized elderly.
Although a few studies have found some evidence of the role played by dietary calcium in periodontal disease process, there is a paucity of information pertinent to longitudinal assessment of serum calcium-periodontal relationships.
Clinical attachment levels of 266 Japanese subjects aged 70 years were recorded at baseline and annually for six consecutive years. Progression of periodontal disease (PPD) was defined as the number of teeth that showed additional attachment loss of >= 3 mm during the 6 years. The number of PPD was calculated for each subject and categorised into four levels, namely, PPD(0), PPD(1), PPD(2) and PPD(3) where the number of teeth with additional attachment loss ranged from 0, 1-10, 11-20 and > 20 respectively. The levels of serum calcium, albumin, random blood sugar, immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA and IgM), gender, smoking habits, education, gingival bleeding and the number of teeth present were obtained at baseline.
Serum calcium, IgA, smoking, gingival bleeding and teeth present were associated with PPD at p <= 0.10 and were included in a multinomial logistic regression analysis. Serum calcium was the only variable that was significantly associated with PPD with relative risks of 100 at PPD(1) and PPD(2), respectively, and 1000 at PPD(3).
Serum calcium may be considered a risk factor for periodontal disease progression in non-institutionalized elderly.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2007.00211.x

Salivary spinability and periodontal disease progression in an elderly population Reviewed

T. Hirotomi, A. Yoshihara, H. Ogawa, K. Ito, A. Igarashi, H. Miyazaki

ARCHIVES OF ORAL BIOLOGY 53 ( 11 ) 1071 - 1076 2008.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD

Objective: To explore the relationship between the spinability of stimulated whole saliva and periodontal disease progression over 12 months in an elderly population.
Methods: Three hundred and thirty-two subjects aged 76 years at baseline were studied. Attachment loss was calculated on a site-by-site basis, and periodontal disease progression was defined as an attachment loss of >= 3 mm. Stimulated whole saliva was collected and salivary spinability (SS) was measured. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between periodontal disease progression and SS after controlling for other covariates. The independent variables were selected from those which had significant relationships with disease progression in the bivariate analyses.
Results: Mean SS was 1.94 +/- 0.42 min in males and 1.88 +/- 0.32 mm in females; this difference was not significant. Simple linear regression analysis showed a significant positive relationship between periodontal disease progression and SS (P = 0.026), whereas there was no significant relationship between periodontal disease progression and salivary flow rate. Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between periodontal disease progression and SS (P = 0.024) after controlling for the number of remaining teeth and baseline periodontal conditions. The model explained 15.5% of the variance in the percentage of sites where the disease had progressed.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that elderly subjects with viscous saliva are prone to periodontal disease progression. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2008.05.009

Role of Activated Natural Killer Cells in Oral Diseases

Yuji Kamoda, Hiroshi Uematsu, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki, Hidenobu Senpuku

JAPANESE JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 61 ( 6 ) 469 - 474 2008.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：NATL INST INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Many of the protective immune responses of old people are impaired and this leads to an increased risk of oral bacterial infections. Little is known about the interaction between the systemic immune response on one hand and oral infections and oral diseases on the other. Here, we conducted an epidemiological study of the independent elderly to determine the relationships between activated natural killer (NK) cells and oral bacterial infections: oral diseases such as dental caries and periodontal disease. One hundred independent elderly people aged 77 years old (53 males, 47 females) were examined. Blood samples were drawn, and activated NK cells were evaluated using CD16, CD56, and CD69 monoclonal antibodies with flow cytometry. Bacterial counts for oral streptococci, lactobacillus, and opportunistic pathogens were performed using culture techniques. Oral disease examinations were performed by dentists. A larger percentage of CD69(+)NK cells (CD16(+)CD56(+)) showed significant correlations to the isolation numbers of total streptococci (r = 0.409, P < 0.01), the species numbers of opportunistic pathogens (r = -0.318, P < 0.01), die numbers of decayed teeth (r = -0.223, P < 0.05), and the amount of bridge work (r = 0.219, P < 0.05). A higher proportion of CD69(+)NK cells is associated with the incidence of dental caries and the number of opportunistic pathogens and total streptococci in the oral cavity of the elderly. This suggests that the proportionate number of CD69(+)NK cells may be a useful indicator for oral infection in elderly subjects.

The relationship between periodontal condition and serum levels of resistin and adiponectin in elderly Japanese Reviewed

R. Furugen, H. Hayashida, N. Yamaguchi, A. Yoshihara, H. Ogawa, H. Miyazaki, T. Saito

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH 43 ( 5 ) 556 - 562 2008.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Background and Objective: Diabetes and periodontitis are associated with each other. Adipokines, specifically adiponectin and resistin, are secreted from adipocytes and are thought to cause insulin resistance in rodents. Additionally, adiponectin and resistin may play a role in inflammation and immune responses. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between serum levels of adipokines and periodontal conditions in elderly Japanese people with and without periodontitis.
Material and Methods: A total of 158 Japanese men and women (76 years old) with or without periodontitis were selected for the study. Serum adiponectin, resistin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) concentrations were compared between subjects with and without periodontitis.
Results: Serum resistin levels and total leukocyte counts in subjects with periodontitis were higher than in control subjects. No significant differences were observed in adiponectin, IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels between subjects with and without periodontitis. Logistic regression analysis showed that periodontitis with at least one tooth that displayed a probing pocket depth of >= 6 mm was significantly associated with higher serum resistin levels (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-4.0). When excluding periodontitis subjects with <= 10% of bleeding on probing and excluding control subjects with > 10% bleeding on probing, differences between groups and odds ratio increased. Serum adiponectin tended to decrease in patients with periodontitis, albeit not significantly.
Conclusion: Increased serum resistin levels were significantly associated with periodontal condition, especially when considering bleeding on probing, in elderly Japanese people. There was also a trend, though non-significant, toward decreased levels of adiponectin in subjects with periodontitis.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2008.01085.x

Relationship between mandibular inferior cortex and general bone metabolism in older adults Reviewed

T. Deguchi, A. Yoshihara, N. Hanada, H. Miyazaki

OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL 19 ( 7 ) 935 - 940 2008.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SPRINGER LONDON LTD

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a link exists between the jawbone and general bone metabolism. The results of our study indicate that a mandibular inferior cortical erosion finding on dental panoramic radiographs is significantly associated with increased biochemical markers of bone turnover. Introduction The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a link exists between the jawbone and general bone metabolism.
Methods We measured values of serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (S-BAP) and urinary N-telopeptide cross-links of type I collagen (U-NTX). To evaluate the jawbone, we used mandibular inferior cortex (MIC) classification on dental panoramic radiographs. After 134 subjects were divided into three groups (C1: normal cortex, C2: mildly to moderately eroded cortex, C3: severely eroded cortex), we evaluated the relationship between S-BAP or U-NTX and MIC classification by Scheffe's multiple comparison test.
Results A significant correlation was found between MIC classification and S-BAP (C1 vs. C2: p < 0.01, C1 vs. C3: p < 0.01, C2 vs. C3: NS). A significant correlation was found between MIC classification and U-NTX (C1 vs. C2: p < 0.01, C1 vs. C3: p < 0.001, C2 vs. C3: p < 0.01).
Conclusions The results of our study indicate that the mandibular inferior cortical erosion finding on dental panoramic radiographs is significantly associated with increased S-BAP and U-NTX levels. We suggest that there is an association between the jawbone and general bone metabolism.

DOI： 10.1007/s00198-007-0526-6

Longitudinal study on the relationship between serum albumin and periodontal disease

Masanori Iwasaki, Akihiro Yoshihara, Toshinobu Hirotomi, Hiroshi Ogawa, Nobuhiro Hanada, Hideo Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY 35 ( 4 ) 291 - 296 2008.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：BLACKWELL PUBLISHING

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between periodontal disease and the general health status in community-dwelling elderly using the serum albumin concentration as a criterion index of the severity of underlying disease and nutrition.
Material and Methods: Six hundred subjects aged 70 years underwent a baseline examination. Dental examinations were carried out at baseline and once a year for 4 years. Periodontal conditions were estimated for subjects with at least one remaining tooth. Clinical attachment levels at six sites of all teeth present were measured. A change in loss of attachment of 3 mm or greater in 1 year at each site was defined as periodontal disease progression. Data were analysed in subjects for whom data were available for 4 years.
Results: Serum albumin concentration at baseline ranged from 3.4 to 5.0 g/dl with a mean of 4.3 +/- 0.2. When the analysis was stratified by smoking status, we found that serum albumin concentration had a significant effect on periodontal disease progression among non-smokers (standardized regression coefficient=-0.16; p=0.017), using multiple regression analysis.
Conclusions: The findings of the present study suggest that serum albumin concentration is a significant risk predictor of periodontal disease progression among elderly non-smokers.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2008.01215.x

Longitudinal study on the relationship between serum albumin and periodontal disease Reviewed

Masanori Iwasaki, Akihiro Yoshihara, Toshinobu Hirotomi, Hiroshi Ogawa, Nobuhiro Hanada, Hideo Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY 35 ( 4 ) 291 - 296 2008.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：BLACKWELL PUBLISHING

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between periodontal disease and the general health status in community-dwelling elderly using the serum albumin concentration as a criterion index of the severity of underlying disease and nutrition.
Material and Methods: Six hundred subjects aged 70 years underwent a baseline examination. Dental examinations were carried out at baseline and once a year for 4 years. Periodontal conditions were estimated for subjects with at least one remaining tooth. Clinical attachment levels at six sites of all teeth present were measured. A change in loss of attachment of 3 mm or greater in 1 year at each site was defined as periodontal disease progression. Data were analysed in subjects for whom data were available for 4 years.
Results: Serum albumin concentration at baseline ranged from 3.4 to 5.0 g/dl with a mean of 4.3 +/- 0.2. When the analysis was stratified by smoking status, we found that serum albumin concentration had a significant effect on periodontal disease progression among non-smokers (standardized regression coefficient=-0.16; p=0.017), using multiple regression analysis.
Conclusions: The findings of the present study suggest that serum albumin concentration is a significant risk predictor of periodontal disease progression among elderly non-smokers.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2008.01215.x

Vitamin D status, bone mass, and bone metabolism in home-dwelling postmenopausal Japanese women: Yokogoshi Study Reviewed

Kazutoshi Nakamura, Naoko Tsugawa, Toshiko Saito, Miki Ishikawa, Yasuo Tsuchiya, Keiko Maruyama, Rieko Oshiki, Ryosaku Kobayashi, Mitsue Nashimoto, Akihiro Yoshihara, Reo Ozaki, Toshio Okano, Masaharu Yamamoto

BONE 42 ( 2 ) 271 - 277 2008.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC

Little has been understood about vitamin D status in relation to bone health in Asian women. The purpose of this study was to identify how the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentration is associated with bone mass and bone metabolism. This cross-sectional, community-based epidemiologic study was conducted among 600 ambulatory postmenopausal women. The serum 25(OH)D concentration was measured with radioimmunoassay. Other blood biochemical measurements were intact parathyroid hormone and markers of bone turnover, including osteocalcin and type I collagen cross-linked N-telopeptides. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and right femoral neck were measured with the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method using a QDR4500a. The mean serum 25(OH)D concentration was 55.6 nmol/L (SD 14.6). Serum 25(OH)D concentration was linearly associated with BMD of the femoral neck (R-2=0.020, P=0.003), but not with BMD of the lumbar spine. Odds ratios (ORs) for low BMD (defined as t score <= -2.5 SD) were calculated for strata defined by 25(OH)D concentration. The prevalence of low BMD of the lumbar spine was significantly higher in the 40- to 50-nmol/L 25(OH)D group (adjusted OR=3.0, 95% CI: 1.3-7.0) compared to the reference group (>= 70 nmol/L). Prevalence of low BMD for the femoral neck was significantly higher in the 30- to 40-nmol/L (adjusted OR=3.6, 95% CI: 1.1-12.1) and the 40- to 50-nmol/L (adjusted OR=7.6, 95% CI: 2.5-23.2) groups compared to the reference group (>= 70 nmol/L). The mean serum concentration of intact PTH was significantly higher in subjects with serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L compared to those with serum 25(OH)D >= 50 nmol/L. The present study suggests that higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with increased BMD of the femoral neck, and that a serum 25(OH)D concentration of at least 70 nmol/L is needed to obtain high BMD of the femoral neck, and that of at least 50 nmol/L is needed to achieve normal PTH levels and prevent low BMD in home-dwelling postmenopausal Japanese women. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bone.2007.09.056

Vitamin D status, bone mass, and bone metabolism in home-dwelling postmenopausal Japanese women: Yokogoshi Study

Kazutoshi Nakamura, Naoko Tsugawa, Toshiko Saito, Miki Ishikawa, Yasuo Tsuchiya, Keiko Maruyama, Rieko Oshiki, Ryosaku Kobayashi, Mitsue Nashimoto, Akihiro Yoshihara, Reo Ozaki, Toshio Okano, Masaharu Yamamoto

BONE 42 ( 2 ) 271 - 277 2008.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC

Little has been understood about vitamin D status in relation to bone health in Asian women. The purpose of this study was to identify how the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentration is associated with bone mass and bone metabolism. This cross-sectional, community-based epidemiologic study was conducted among 600 ambulatory postmenopausal women. The serum 25(OH)D concentration was measured with radioimmunoassay. Other blood biochemical measurements were intact parathyroid hormone and markers of bone turnover, including osteocalcin and type I collagen cross-linked N-telopeptides. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and right femoral neck were measured with the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method using a QDR4500a. The mean serum 25(OH)D concentration was 55.6 nmol/L (SD 14.6). Serum 25(OH)D concentration was linearly associated with BMD of the femoral neck (R-2=0.020, P=0.003), but not with BMD of the lumbar spine. Odds ratios (ORs) for low BMD (defined as t score <= -2.5 SD) were calculated for strata defined by 25(OH)D concentration. The prevalence of low BMD of the lumbar spine was significantly higher in the 40- to 50-nmol/L 25(OH)D group (adjusted OR=3.0, 95% CI: 1.3-7.0) compared to the reference group (>= 70 nmol/L). Prevalence of low BMD for the femoral neck was significantly higher in the 30- to 40-nmol/L (adjusted OR=3.6, 95% CI: 1.1-12.1) and the 40- to 50-nmol/L (adjusted OR=7.6, 95% CI: 2.5-23.2) groups compared to the reference group (>= 70 nmol/L). The mean serum concentration of intact PTH was significantly higher in subjects with serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L compared to those with serum 25(OH)D >= 50 nmol/L. The present study suggests that higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with increased BMD of the femoral neck, and that a serum 25(OH)D concentration of at least 70 nmol/L is needed to obtain high BMD of the femoral neck, and that of at least 50 nmol/L is needed to achieve normal PTH levels and prevent low BMD in home-dwelling postmenopausal Japanese women. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bone.2007.09.056

A Health Survey of Mothers Present at Their Infants Health Examination : Are the Subjects Representative of Those in Nationwide Surveys? Reviewed

ANDO Yuichi, NAKAGAKI Haruo, MIYAZAKI Hideo, YOSHIHARA Akihiro, ARAKAWA Hirohisa, IIJIMA Youichi, KAWASAKI Koji, IGO Junko, SUGIMOTO Tomoko, WATANABE Kouko, SHIGEMASA Akihiko, TORIYAMA Yoshinori, TAGUCHI Nobuhiro

JOURNAL OF DENTAL HEALTH 58 ( 2 ) 95 - 105 2008.1

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japanese Society for Oral Health

An oral health survey of mothers who were present at dental examinations for their infants was conducted in four selected prefectures in Japan. The aim of this article was to assess the representativeness of the sample of this survey at different regional levels. The study areas were 33 municipalities selected using a stratified random sampling technique from each prefecture. From November 2005 to March 2006, we conducted oral examinations and questionnaire surveys at 138 sites. The oral examination methodology was the same as that for the national survey of dental diseases in 2005. The questionnaire survey consisted of subjective oral symptoms, knowledge and behavior regarding oral health, lifestyle habits, etc., and most questions were derived from existing national surveys. The number of subjects was 2,786 in oral examinations (response rate: 65%) and 3,301 for the questionnaire survey (response rate: 77%). The average age of the subjects was 31.4 years old. No significant difference was noted regarding the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease. The percentages of persons with untreated carious and missing teeth were lower in this survey. Regarding the questionnaire survey, most items did not show a significant difference from existing national surveys. However, the subjects in this survey followed a healthier lifestyle and undertook earlier dental visits. A few survey items were correlated with the response rate in each municipality. Although the survey items which showed significant differences from existing national surveys seemed to be affected by the characteristics of the selected prefectures and the subjects who were mothers of infants, the representativeness of the sample of this survey was considerably high. Therefore, this survey was considered to be an useful nationwide data source in Japan.

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.58.2_95

Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2008265855

The Relationship between Oral Status and General Health in Subjects Older than 65 According to Selected Items Reviewed

YOSHIHARA Akihiro, TAKANO Naoko, MIYAZAKI Hideo

Journal of dental health 58 ( 1 ) 9 - 15 2008.1

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japanese Society for Dental Health

Recently, the need for preventive care for frail elderly subjects has been recognized. This study aimed to obtain information about the relationship between the oral status and general health in subjects older than 65 years according to selected items related to the frail elderly. We selected 852 subjects older than 65 years who participated in general health examinations. We conducted personal interviews to obtain information regarding habitual function, physical function, nutritional status, social withdrawal, dementia, and depression in addition to the oral status such as chewing function, feelings of suffocation while eating, and dry mouth. We counted the pertinent number of items for habitual function, physical function, nutrition status, social withdrawl, dementia, and depression. We compared the average number of items with oral function, including chewing ability, feelings of suffocation while eating, and dry mouth. The mean number of items for the disorders was higher in the elderly with the oral disorders assessed. In particular, there was a significant difference in the mean number of pertinent items related to dementia and depression between subjects with compared to those without oral disorders. These findings indicate the presence of a significant relationship between the oral status and general health conditions in frail elderly subjects. Preventive activities to maintain a good general status in frail elderly subjects should focus on improving oral function.

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.58.1_9

Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2008136408

Role of activated natural killer cells in oral diseases Reviewed

Yuji Kamoda, Hiroshi Uematsu, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki, Hidenobu Senpuku

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 61 ( 6 ) 469 - 474 2008

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Many of the protective immune responses of old people-are impaired and this leads to an increased risk of oral bacterial infections. Little is known about the interaction between the systemic immune response on one hand and oral infections and oral diseases on the other. Here, we conducted an epidemiological study of the independent elderly to determine the relationships between activated natural killer (NK) cells and oral bacterial infections: oral diseases such as dental caries and periodontal disease. One hundred independent elderly people aged 77 years old (53 males, 47 females) were examined. Blood samples, were drawn, and activated NK cells were evaluated using CD16, CD56, and CD69 monoclonal antibodies with flow cytometry. Bacterial counts for oral streptococci, lactobacillus, and opportunistic pathogens were performed using culture techniques. Oral disease examinations were performed by dentists. A larger percentage of CD69-NK cells (CD16-CD56-) showed significant correlations to the isolation numbers of total streptococci (r = 0,409, P &lt
0.01), the species numbers of opportunistic pathogens (r = -0.318, P &lt
0.0 1), the numbers of derayed teeth (r = -0.223, P &lt
0.05), and the amount of bridge work (r = 0.219, P &lt
0.05). A higher proportion of CD69-NK cells is associated with the incidence of dental caries and the number of opportunistic pathogens and total streptococci in the oral cavity of the elderly. This suggests that the proportionate number of CD69-NK cells may be a useful indicator for oral infection in elderly subjects.

高齢者集団におけるCPIとアタッチメントロス評価法(WHO)の有用性および歯周健康状態に関する5年間の縦断研究 Reviewed

白根和明, 小川祐司, 廣冨敏伸, 高野尚子, 山賀孝之, 金子昇, 佐久間汐子, 葭原明弘, 宮秀夫

口腔衛生会誌 57 28 - 35 2007.12

Longitudinal relationship between root caries and serum albumin Reviewed

A. Yoshihara, N. Takano, T. Hirotomi, H. Ogawa, N. Hanada, H. Miyazaki

Journal of Dental Research 86 ( 11 ) 1115 - 1119 2007.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Serum albumin levels are a practical marker of general health status in the elderly and have been used to determine the severity of an underlying disease and the risk for death. This longitudinal study evaluated the relationship between serum albumin levels and root caries. A total of 266 persons with at least 1 tooth at baseline underwent a baseline examination and then annual investigations for 6 years. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between changes in serum albumin levels and the number of root caries lesions over 6 years, after adjustment for confounding factors. Change in the number of root caries lesions was significantly associated with change in serum albumin concentrations. The standardized coefficient was -0.148 (p = 0.024). We can confirm that serum albumin concentration correlates with root caries events. From these data, we conclude that persons with hypoalbuminemia are at high risk for root caries.

DOI： 10.1177/154405910708601118

Serum markers of chronic dehydration are associated with saliva spinability Reviewed

A. Yoshihara, T. Hirotomi, N. Takano, T. Kondo, N. Hanada, H. Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION 34 ( 10 ) 733 - 738 2007.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：BLACKWELL PUBLISHING

Findings of a relationship between saliva and dehydration have been observed, but the precise nature of these relationships is unclear and no evidence of a direct link has been found. In particular, no study reports a relationship between chronic dehydration and saliva conditions in community-dwelling older adults. This study aimed to identify whether salivary conditions are sensitive to body hydration markers in an elderly population. A total of 403 subjects aged 76 years participated in the study. Stimulated saliva flow rate and spinability of saliva were measured. In addition, determinations of serum levels of uric acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, sodium and potassium were made. Dehydration was defined as uric acid >= 7 mg dL(-1) according to the standard value. The salivary spinability were significantly associated with the concentration of uric acid (OR=2.06, P=0.044) according to multiple logistic regression analysis. In addition, after adjusting for gender, the uric acid concentration and the salivary spinability was significantly associated with BUN, potassium and creatinine levels. The subjects with high uric acid levels (>= 7 mg dL(-1)) had the most elastic saliva. Both BUN and serum creatinine are the most commonly used indicators of renal function. Therefore, our findings might demonstrate that older adults who are dehydrated showed highly elastic saliva, which was associated with renal function. In conclusion, this study suggests that there is a significant relationship between chronic dehydration status and salivary spinability level.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2007.01732.x

Renal function and periodontal disease in elderly Japanese

Yoshihara, Akihiro, Deguchi, Tomoya, Hanada, Nobuhiro, Miyazaki, Hideo

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY 78 ( 7 ) 1241 - 1248 2007.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY

Background: Chronic renal failure involves a slow, progressive loss of renal function over months or years. It is possible that periodontal disease and chronic kidney disease might share common risk factors. This study investigated whether a link exists between periodontal disease and chronic renal function in community -dwelling elderly subjects.Methods: A total of 145 study subjects, all 77 years of age, participated in this study. A periodontal examination was carried out by trained dentists. Urine was collected over 24 hours, and blood was taken on the morning of the dental exam. The volume of creatinine per 24 hours (Cre_U) and volume of urine per 24 hours were used as urinary markers of kidney function; serum creatinine levels (Cre_S) were used as a blood marker of kidney function. Creatinine clearance per 24 hours was calculated as Cre_U/Cre_S. In addition, biochemical parameters of bone turnover were measured: urinary deoxypyridinoline (U-DPD) as a bone resorption marker and serum osteocalcin (S-OC) as a bone formation marker. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the percentage of periodontal sites with >= 6-mm clinical attachment level (% >= 6-mm CAL) and renal function, as well as the relationship between % >= 6-mm CAL and bone metabolism. The % >= 6-mm CAL was used as the dependent variable. The number of remaining teeth, smoking habit, gender, use of interdental brushes or dental floss, volume of urine per 24 hours, and creatinine clearance per 24 hours were independent variables in the first test. In addition, the number of remaining teeth, smoking habits, gender, use of interdental brushes or dental floss, U-DPD, and S-OC were independent variables in the second test.Results: Multiple regression analysis showed that creatinine clearance per 24 hours and S-OC were significantly associated with % >= 6-mm CAL per person. The standardized coefficients were 0.26 (P= 0.015) and -0.27 (P= 0.006), respectively.Conclusions: The % >= 6-mm CAL was significantly associated with renal function and bone metabolism markers. This study suggests that the increased incidence of chronic renal failure that occurs with age might increase the probability of severe periodontal disease in community -dwelling elderly subjects.

DOI： 10.1902/jop.2007.070025

Renal function and periodontal disease in elderly Japanese Reviewed

Yoshihara, Akihiro, Deguchi, Tomoya, Hanada, Nobuhiro, Miyazaki, Hideo

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY 78 ( 7 ) 1241 - 1248 2007.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY

Background: Chronic renal failure involves a slow, progressive loss of renal function over months or years. It is possible that periodontal disease and chronic kidney disease might share common risk factors. This study investigated whether a link exists between periodontal disease and chronic renal function in community -dwelling elderly subjects.Methods: A total of 145 study subjects, all 77 years of age, participated in this study. A periodontal examination was carried out by trained dentists. Urine was collected over 24 hours, and blood was taken on the morning of the dental exam. The volume of creatinine per 24 hours (Cre_U) and volume of urine per 24 hours were used as urinary markers of kidney function; serum creatinine levels (Cre_S) were used as a blood marker of kidney function. Creatinine clearance per 24 hours was calculated as Cre_U/Cre_S. In addition, biochemical parameters of bone turnover were measured: urinary deoxypyridinoline (U-DPD) as a bone resorption marker and serum osteocalcin (S-OC) as a bone formation marker. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the percentage of periodontal sites with >= 6-mm clinical attachment level (% >= 6-mm CAL) and renal function, as well as the relationship between % >= 6-mm CAL and bone metabolism. The % >= 6-mm CAL was used as the dependent variable. The number of remaining teeth, smoking habit, gender, use of interdental brushes or dental floss, volume of urine per 24 hours, and creatinine clearance per 24 hours were independent variables in the first test. In addition, the number of remaining teeth, smoking habits, gender, use of interdental brushes or dental floss, U-DPD, and S-OC were independent variables in the second test.Results: Multiple regression analysis showed that creatinine clearance per 24 hours and S-OC were significantly associated with % >= 6-mm CAL per person. The standardized coefficients were 0.26 (P= 0.015) and -0.27 (P= 0.006), respectively.Conclusions: The % >= 6-mm CAL was significantly associated with renal function and bone metabolism markers. This study suggests that the increased incidence of chronic renal failure that occurs with age might increase the probability of severe periodontal disease in community -dwelling elderly subjects.

DOI： 10.1902/jop.2007.070025

Relationships of anti-PAc (361-386) peptide salivary IgA antibody, eosinophils and basophils with periodontal status in the elderly Reviewed

Hidenobu Senpuku, Akio Tada, Ryoma Nakao, Hideo Yonezawa, Saori Yoneda, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki

FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 49 ( 1 ) 84 - 90 2007.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：BLACKWELL PUBLISHING

The amino acid residues 361-386 of Streptococcus mutans PAc includes an important region associated with the interaction between S. mutans and salivary components. We investigated the relationships between levels of the anti-PAc (361-386) peptide antibody (PPA) in saliva and periodontal status in 281 elderly subjects (mean age 77 years; 118 females, 163 males) by assessing dental calculus (CA), attachment loss (AL), pocket depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and various blood parameters. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results revealed that subjects with a PPA level of greater than 0.1 (PPA detected group) showed a lower average value for number of sites with more than 6 mm of AL/6 points x 100/tooth (rAL6) than those with a PPA level of less than 0.1 (PPA not detected group). Furthermore, average values for rAL6 were significantly lower in the PPA detected group, and BOP, AL and rAL6 correlated positively and significantly with the percentage of eosinophils present in leukocytes in female subjects in both groups. PPA level had a negative correlation with percentages of basophils and eosinophils. The results indicate that systemic increases in numbers of eosinophils and basophils are associated with the development of periodontal diseases, while PPA level may be a useful indicator of periodontal status.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00193.x

Relationships of anti-PAc (361-386) peptide salivary IgA antibody, eosinophils and basophils with periodontal status in the elderly

Hidenobu Senpuku, Akio Tada, Ryoma Nakao, Hideo Yonezawa, Saori Yoneda, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki

FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 49 ( 1 ) 84 - 90 2007.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：BLACKWELL PUBLISHING

The amino acid residues 361-386 of Streptococcus mutans PAc includes an important region associated with the interaction between S. mutans and salivary components. We investigated the relationships between levels of the anti-PAc (361-386) peptide antibody (PPA) in saliva and periodontal status in 281 elderly subjects (mean age 77 years; 118 females, 163 males) by assessing dental calculus (CA), attachment loss (AL), pocket depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and various blood parameters. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results revealed that subjects with a PPA level of greater than 0.1 (PPA detected group) showed a lower average value for number of sites with more than 6 mm of AL/6 points x 100/tooth (rAL6) than those with a PPA level of less than 0.1 (PPA not detected group). Furthermore, average values for rAL6 were significantly lower in the PPA detected group, and BOP, AL and rAL6 correlated positively and significantly with the percentage of eosinophils present in leukocytes in female subjects in both groups. PPA level had a negative correlation with percentages of basophils and eosinophils. The results indicate that systemic increases in numbers of eosinophils and basophils are associated with the development of periodontal diseases, while PPA level may be a useful indicator of periodontal status.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00193.x

Changes in electrical resistance of sound fissure enamel in first molars for 66 months from eruption Reviewed

S. Kataoka, S. Sakuma, J. Wang, A. Yoshihara, H. Miyazaki

CARIES RESEARCH 41 ( 2 ) 161 - 164 2007

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：KARGER

The purposes of this study were to investigate the enamel maturation process in the occlusal pit of sound first molars by measuring electrical resistance. Ninety-nine sound first molars in 34 children (mean age of 6.47 +/- 0.51 years) were measured electrically once every 6 months and were monitored for a maximum of 66 months. Electrical resistance increased during the posteruptive period. However, the results suggest that posteruptive enamel maturation in the occlusal pits may not be completed even 66 months after tooth eruption. Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel.

DOI： 10.1159/000098051

Relationship of cariogenic bacteria levels with periodontal status and root surface caries in elderly Japanese. International journal

Saotome Y, Tada A, Hanada N, Yoshihara A, Uematsu H, Miyazaki H, Senpuku H

Gerodontology 23 ( 4 ) 219 - 25 2006.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

OBJECTIVE: The relationship of the levels of cariogenic bacterial species with periodontal status and decayed root surfaces was investigated in elderly Japanese subjects. METHODS: Three hundred and sixty-eight individuals (each 75 years old) were examined for periodontal status (pocket depth, attachment loss), root surface caries and salivary levels of mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli (LB). RESULTS: Values >4 mm of attachment loss (rAL4) and for average attachment loss (aAL) of sites measured were significantly higher in subjects with LB than those without. Multiple regression analysis also showed a correlation between aAL and rAL4 values with the presence of LB (aAL p = 0.003; rAL4 p = 0.002). Further, multiple regression analysis of interacting factors regarding decayed root surfaces showed that LB carriers had a greater incidence of decayed root surface caries (p = 0.003), while MS and LB levels were correlated to the number of decayed root surfaces (LB p = 0.010; MS p = 0.026). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that considerable attachment loss elevates the possibility of having LB, thus increasing the risk of root surface caries. It was also found that LB and MS measurements may be useful indicators of decayed root surfaces in elderly individuals with attachment loss.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2006.00127.x

The carriage of Candida species on the dorsal surface of the tongue: the correlation with the dental, periodontal and prosthetic status in elderly subjects Reviewed

Jing Wang, Tomoko Ohshima, Utako Yasunari, Satoko Namikoshi, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki, Nobuko Maeda

Gerodontology 23 157 - 163 2006.12

Relationship of cariogenic bacteria levels with periodontal status and root surface caries in elderly Japanese Reviewed International journal

Saotome Y, Tada A, Hanada N, Yoshihara A, Uematsu H, Miyazaki H, Senpuku H

Gerodontology 23 ( 4 ) 219 - 225 2006.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

OBJECTIVE: The relationship of the levels of cariogenic bacterial species with periodontal status and decayed root surfaces was investigated in elderly Japanese subjects. METHODS: Three hundred and sixty-eight individuals (each 75 years old) were examined for periodontal status (pocket depth, attachment loss), root surface caries and salivary levels of mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli (LB). RESULTS: Values >4 mm of attachment loss (rAL4) and for average attachment loss (aAL) of sites measured were significantly higher in subjects with LB than those without. Multiple regression analysis also showed a correlation between aAL and rAL4 values with the presence of LB (aAL p = 0.003; rAL4 p = 0.002). Further, multiple regression analysis of interacting factors regarding decayed root surfaces showed that LB carriers had a greater incidence of decayed root surface caries (p = 0.003), while MS and LB levels were correlated to the number of decayed root surfaces (LB p = 0.010; MS p = 0.026). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that considerable attachment loss elevates the possibility of having LB, thus increasing the risk of root surface caries. It was also found that LB and MS measurements may be useful indicators of decayed root surfaces in elderly individuals with attachment loss.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2006.00127.x

Preliminary study on the effect of oral care on recovery from surgery in elderly patients Reviewed

M. Sato, A. Yoshihara, H. Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION 33 ( 11 ) 820 - 826 2006.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：BLACKWELL PUBLISHING

This study aimed to clarify the effectiveness of post-operative oral care, including tooth brushing, denture cleaning and tongue cleaning, after digestive tract surgery. Subjects included 30 elderly patients aged 60-98 years (74.9 +/- 7.8 years) who underwent digestive tract surgery. Subjects were randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group. In the intervention group, the following oral care was provided daily over a 5-min period in the morning starting at baseline (day of surgery) and continued for 5 days: gargling with povidone iodine, tooth brushing, denture cleaning using a special brush and tongue cleaning using a tongue brush. In the control group, the subjects only gargled with povidone iodine. We compared the following variables between the two groups at baseline and 5 days later: the sensation of dry mouth, intra-oral gas concentration, pulmonary sounds, body temperature and bacterial flora. The number of patients with abnormal pulmonary sounds (dry or moist rales) increased from 1 to 2 in the intervention group and from 0 to 4 in the control group (P < 0.05). The average number of bacterial species per subject for the control group was 3.64 +/- 1.34 pre-operatively and 3.50 +/- 1.74 post-operatively, whereas that for the intervention group was 3.08 +/- 0.95 pre-operatively and 2.62 +/- 0.65 post-operatively. In the intervention group, there was a significant decrease in the number of bacterial species (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that post-operative oral care in elderly patients undergoing digestive tract surgery lowers the number of bacterial species found in the oral cavity. This effect, in turn, might improve respiratory function.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2006.01634.x

A preliminary study on the relationship between stimulated saliva and periodontal conditions in community-dwelling elderly people Reviewed

T. Hirotomi, A. Yoshihara, H. Ogawa, K. Ito, A. Igarashi, H. Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY 34 ( 9 ) 692 - 698 2006.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD

objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between flow rate and spirmbarkeit of stimulated whole saliva and periodontal conditions in healthy elderly people.
Methods: Three hundred and fifty-five dentate subjects aged 76 years were included. The pocket probing depth (PD), attachment level (AL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were measured. Stimulated whole saliva was collected and the salivary flow rate (SFR) was calculated. Then, salivary spirmbarkeit (SS) was immediately measured.
Results: The mean SFR and SS were 1.44 ml/min and 1.91 mm, respectively. SFR was not significantly related to each periodontal parameter. On the other hand, subjects with SS <= 2.00 mm had a significantly lower mean AL (p < 0.05). When subjects were divided into four groups according to a combination of SFR and SS, subjects with SFR < 0.7 ml/min and SS > 2.00 mm exhibited a significantly higher mean PD (p < 0.05), % of sites with PD >= 4 mm (p < 0.05), mean AL (p < 0.01), % of site with AL >= 4 mm (p < 0.05) and % of sites with AL >= 6 mm (p < 0.01) than subjects in the other three groups (one-way ANOVA). In the logistic regression analysis, the factors significantly associated with the highest quintile of PD >= 4 mm were: the low salivary flow and the high salivary spirmbarkeit (OR 3.84), current smokers (OR 5.08), cleaning interdental spaces rarely/never (OR 2.12), and frequent BOP (OR 5.20).
Conclusion: These findings suggest that high salivary spirmbarkeit in addition to a low salivary flow rate might be a high risk for periodontal disease in elderly people. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jdent.2006.01.001

The carriage of Candida species on the dorsal surface of the tongue: the correlation with the dental, periodontal and prosthetic status in elderly subjects.

Wang J, Ohshima T, Yasunari U, Namikoshi S, Yoshihara A, Miyazaki H, Maeda N

Gerodontology 23 ( 3 ) 157 - 63 2006.9

フッ化物洗口プログラムをベースとした選択的シーラント応用の20歳成人におけるう蝕予防効果

中村文, 佐久間汐子, 葭原明弘, 八木稔, 出口知也, 宮崎秀夫

口腔衛生学会雑誌 = JOURNAL OF DENTAL HEALTH 56 ( 4 ) 520 - 520 2006.8

Association between commensal bacteria and opportunistic pathogens in the dental plaque of elderly individuals Reviewed

A Tada, H Senpuku, Y Motozawa, A Yoshihara, N Hanada, H Tanzawa

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION 12 ( 8 ) 776 - 781 2006.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：BLACKWELL PUBLISHING

Opportunistic infections in the oral cavity of the elderly may increase the incidence of systemic disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the differences in the oral bacterial flora between dependent elderly (inpatients) and independent elderly (community-dwelling residents). After multiple variables were taken into account, inpatients had significantly lower detection rates than community-dwelling residents for alpha-streptococci (p < 0.001) and Neisseria (p 0.004), and higher detection rates for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (p 0.024), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (p 0.011) and Actinomyces spp. (p 0.005). Among inpatients, the requirement for a high degree of care was related negatively to detection of alpha-streptococci, but was related significantly to detection of P. aeruginosa (p 0.018) or MRSA (p 0.004). Tube-fed inpatients had a significantly lower detection rate for alpha-streptococci (p 0.041) and a higher detection rate for P. aeruginosa (p 0.004) than those who did not require tube feeding. Inpatients with a history of antibiotic use had a significantly lower detection rate for alpha-streptococci (p 0.049) and a higher detection rate for MRSA (p 0.007) than those without a history of antibiotic use. The detection rates for P. aeruginosa or MRSA in inpatients without alpha-streptococci were higher than in inpatients with alpha-streptococci after controlling for age and gender (P. aeruginosa, p 0.006; MRSA, p 0.001). Overall, detection of alpha-streptococci had an inverse correlation with the detection of P. aeruginosa and MRSA in the oral cavity and is likely to be an indicator of pathogenic bacterial infection.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01497.x

Association between serum albumin and periodontal disease in community-dwelling elderly Reviewed

H Ogawa, A Yoshihara, N Amarasena, T Hirotomi, H Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY 33 ( 5 ) 312 - 316 2006.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：BLACKWELL PUBLISHING

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between periodontal disease and general health status in community-dwelling elderly using serum albumin concentration as a criterion index of the severity of an underlying disease and nutrition status.
Methods: Serum albumin level was detected by the bromcresol green albumin (BCG) method and the data for serum albumin were available in 368 subjects aged 75 years. Pressure-sensitive probes were used to measure loss of attachment (LA) on six sites of all teeth present. Information relevant to gender and smoking habit was obtained by means of a personal interview, while body mass index (BMI) and biochemical serum markers were investigated.
Results: Serum albumin concentration ranged from 3.2 to 4.8 g/dl with a mean of 4.1 +/- 0.2. More than 70% of subjects had at least one site with LA 6+ mm, while 91 exhibited 10% or more sites with LA 6+ mm. Using a multiple regression analysis, we found that sites of LA 6+ mm had a significant effect on serum albumin level (correlation coefficient=-0.14; p < 0.05), which was independent of the other covariates.
Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicated that there might be an inverse relationship between periodontal disease and serum albumin concentration in these elderly subjects.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2005.00901.x

Association between serum albumin and periodontal disease in community-dwelling elderly

H Ogawa, A Yoshihara, N Amarasena, T Hirotomi, H Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY 33 ( 5 ) 312 - 316 2006.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：BLACKWELL PUBLISHING

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between periodontal disease and general health status in community-dwelling elderly using serum albumin concentration as a criterion index of the severity of an underlying disease and nutrition status.
Methods: Serum albumin level was detected by the bromcresol green albumin (BCG) method and the data for serum albumin were available in 368 subjects aged 75 years. Pressure-sensitive probes were used to measure loss of attachment (LA) on six sites of all teeth present. Information relevant to gender and smoking habit was obtained by means of a personal interview, while body mass index (BMI) and biochemical serum markers were investigated.
Results: Serum albumin concentration ranged from 3.2 to 4.8 g/dl with a mean of 4.1 +/- 0.2. More than 70% of subjects had at least one site with LA 6+ mm, while 91 exhibited 10% or more sites with LA 6+ mm. Using a multiple regression analysis, we found that sites of LA 6+ mm had a significant effect on serum albumin level (correlation coefficient=-0.14; p < 0.05), which was independent of the other covariates.
Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicated that there might be an inverse relationship between periodontal disease and serum albumin concentration in these elderly subjects.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2005.00901.x

介護認定申請者における要介護度別歯科疾患の実態および歯科的治療ニーズに関する研究 Reviewed

鈴木昭, 河野正司, 野村修一, 伊藤加代子, 豊里晃, 田巻元子, 八木稔, 葭原明弘, 大内章嗣

新潟歯学会雑誌 35 ( 2 ) 209 - 214 2006.1

Language：Japanese Publisher：新潟歯学会

介護認定者の歯科疾患の実態と歯科的治療ニーズを把握・評価するため,要介護度を踏まえた検討を行った.対象は新潟県内の同一保険医療福祉圏内の7市町村に在住し,2002年10月から12月の間に介護認定申請をした368名(平均年齢81歳)で,調査結果を分析し,以下の結論を得た.1)平均残存歯数と要介護度には相関関係はない,2)要介護度が上がると要抜去歯が有意に増加する傾向がある,3)歯科的治療ニーズ患者割合(要歯科治療・要専門的口腔ケアは89.4%),4)要介護状態になってから歯科を受診した患者割合は35.3%.以上より,歯科治療の必要性と実際の受診状況には大きな隔たりがあることが分かった

Influence of a fluoride mouthrinse on mutans streptococci in schoolchildren

Noboru Kaneko, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hirohisa Ida, Yoshiaki Nomura, Susumu Imai, Toshiki Nisizawa, Shihoko Sakuma, Nobuhiro Hanada, Hideo Miyazaki

CARIES RESEARCH 40 ( 6 ) 501 - 507 2006

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：KARGER

This study aimed to determine whether the long-term use of a fluoride mouthrinse affects the salivary levels of mutans streptococci. Two hundred and fifteen schoolchildren (aged 9-10 years) participated. One hundred and forty-nine of these children had used a fluoride mouthrinse since 5 years of age at nursery school, and the remaining 66 children had not. DFT (decayed and filled teeth) was recorded, and the salivary levels of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus were measured using mitis salivarius bacitracin agar. The group that had used a fluoride mouthrinse had a significantly lower prevalence of both S. mutans and S. sobrinus (p = 0.038) and a significantly lower DFT score (p = 0.001) than the other group. Using logistic regression analysis including caries experience at baseline as a dependent variable, the odds ratio of carrying S. mutans alone was 8.0 (p = 0.066) and that of carrying both S. mutans and S. sobrinus was 16.5 (p = 0.022) in the group that had not used the fluoride mouthrinse. Children carrying both S. mutans and S. sobrinus had a higher caries incidence in 1 year than the others, with odds ratios of 5.73 ( p = 0.067) in the group with a fluoride mouthrinse and 3.47 (p = 0.035) in the group without it. These results show that the long-term use of a fluoride mouthrinse is associated with reduced salivary levels of mutans streptococci and this bacterial reduction may partly contribute to the suppression of dental caries in children using a long-term fluoride mouthrinse. Copyright (c) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel

DOI： 10.1159/000095649

Influence of a fluoride mouthrinse on mutans streptococci in schoolchildren Reviewed

Noboru Kaneko, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hirohisa Ida, Yoshiaki Nomura, Susumu Imai, Toshiki Nisizawa, Shihoko Sakuma, Nobuhiro Hanada, Hideo Miyazaki

CARIES RESEARCH 40 ( 6 ) 501 - 507 2006

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：KARGER

This study aimed to determine whether the long-term use of a fluoride mouthrinse affects the salivary levels of mutans streptococci. Two hundred and fifteen schoolchildren (aged 9-10 years) participated. One hundred and forty-nine of these children had used a fluoride mouthrinse since 5 years of age at nursery school, and the remaining 66 children had not. DFT (decayed and filled teeth) was recorded, and the salivary levels of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus were measured using mitis salivarius bacitracin agar. The group that had used a fluoride mouthrinse had a significantly lower prevalence of both S. mutans and S. sobrinus (p = 0.038) and a significantly lower DFT score (p = 0.001) than the other group. Using logistic regression analysis including caries experience at baseline as a dependent variable, the odds ratio of carrying S. mutans alone was 8.0 (p = 0.066) and that of carrying both S. mutans and S. sobrinus was 16.5 (p = 0.022) in the group that had not used the fluoride mouthrinse. Children carrying both S. mutans and S. sobrinus had a higher caries incidence in 1 year than the others, with odds ratios of 5.73 ( p = 0.067) in the group with a fluoride mouthrinse and 3.47 (p = 0.035) in the group without it. These results show that the long-term use of a fluoride mouthrinse is associated with reduced salivary levels of mutans streptococci and this bacterial reduction may partly contribute to the suppression of dental caries in children using a long-term fluoride mouthrinse. Copyright (c) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel

DOI： 10.1159/000095649

義歯の装着と咬合力および噛める食品との関係 Reviewed

岩舩素子, 五十嵐直子, 河野正司, 清田義和, 葭原明弘, 宮秀夫

新潟歯学会誌 34 ( 2 ) 213 - 218 2005.12

The relationship between dietary intake and the number of teeth in elderly Japanese subjects Reviewed

Akihiro Yoshihara, Reiko Watanabe, Mamoru Nishimuta, Nobuhiro Hanada, Hideo Miyazaki

Gerodontology 22 211 - 218 2005.12

National Survey on the School-based Fluoride Mouthrinsing Program in Japan : Proposition Regarding Intermediate Assessment of Healthy Japan 21 in 2005 Reviewed

KIMOTO Kazunari, HARESAKU Satoru, TAURA Katsuhiko, SHIMURA Masayo, FUJINO Etsuo, YAMAMOTO Takeo, YOSHIHARA Akihiro, ISOZAKI Atsunori, ARAKAWA Hirohisa, KOBAYASHI Seigo, SAKAI Osamu

JOURNAL OF DENTAL HEALTH 55 ( 3 ) 199 - 203 2005.12

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japanese Society for Oral Health

The purpose of this investigation is to clarify the spread of the school-based fluoride mouthrinsing program over the past twenty years throughout Japan. Data were collected by questionnaire surveys regarding the schools and children participating in the program, frequency of rinsing, mouthrinsing agent used, fluoride concentration of the rinsing solution and financial support for the program. Questionnaires were sent to the key persons and dentists of the non-profit Japanese Conference on the Promotion of the Use of Fluoride in Caries Prevention (NPO-JPUF) by mail or e-mail every two years. Of the 47 prefectures in Japan, the fluoride mouthrinsing program started in a single prefecture in 1970, and spread to 32 by 1992 and to 45 by 2004. In 2004, the total numbers of schools and individuals participating in the program were 3,923 and 396,702, respectively. Although the numbers of schools and children participating in the program are increasing, they remain modest. In 2010, the numbers of schools and individuals participating in the school-based fluoride mouthrinsing program in Japan is estimated to be 8,782 and 896,916, respectively. We propose that the school-based fluoride mouthrinsing program, an important item with regarding caries prevention in Japanese children, should be included in Healthy Japan 21 at the intermediate assessment in 2005.

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.55.3_199

Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2005231337

公診連携を目指した8020育成事業の評価 Reviewed

葭原明弘, 片岡照二郎, 濃野要, 峯田和彦, 高徳幸男, 河内博, 片山修, 清田義和, 石上和男, 宮秀夫

口腔衛生会誌 55 113 - 117 2005.12

The relationship between dietary intake and the number of teeth in elderly Japanese subjects.

Yoshihara A, Watanabe R, Nishimuta M, Hanada N, Miyazaki H

Gerodontology 22 ( 4 ) 211 - 8 2005.12

介護認定申請者における要介護度別歯科疾患の実態および歯科的治療ニーズに関する研究

鈴木昭, 河野正司, 野村修一, 伊藤加代子, 豊里晃, 田巻元子, 八木稔, 葭原明弘, 大内章嗣

新潟歯学会誌 35 ( 2 ) 25 - 30 2005.12

Relationship between bleeding on probing and periodontal disease progression in community-dwelling older adults Reviewed

A. Rahardjo, A. Yoshihara, N. Amarasena, H. Ogawa, K. Nakashima, H. Miyazaki

Journal of Clinical Periodontology 32 ( 11 ) 1129 - 1133 2005.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Objective: The main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between bleeding on probing (BOP) and periodontal disease progression in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: A 3-year longitudinal study was carried out in 229 non-smoking healthy older adults aged 70 years. Using pressure-controlled periodontal probes, BOP, pocket depth and attachment level at 13,289 sites were measured annually. Periodontal disease progression was defined as an increase in attachment loss of ≥ 3 mm from the baseline to the final examination. The backward stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between the total number of sites with BOP in the four examinations and periodontal progression. Results: Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratios of BOP frequency for periodontal disease progression ranged from 1.4 to 6.2 after controlling for pocket depth ≥ 4 mm at baseline, number of missing teeth, jaw type and tooth site. Conclusion: Increasing frequencies of bleeding might increase the probability of periodontal disease progression in community-dwelling older adults. © Blackwell Munksgaard 2005.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2005.00834.x

The relationship between bone mineral density and the number of remaining teeth in community-dwelling older adults Reviewed

A. Yoshihara, Y. Seida, N. Hanada, K. Nakashima, H. Miyazaki

Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 32 ( 10 ) 735 - 740 2005.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Tooth loss and osteoporosis may share common aetiologic agents which influence the process of both diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) of the os calcis and the number of remaining teeth, controlling the known confounding factors. Among all 70-year-old inhabitants in Niigata City, Japan, 600 people were selected randomly in order to have approximately the same number of each gender. We analysed 460 subjects. We evaluated the BMD of the os calcis using an ultrasound bone densitometer, then we counted the number of remaining teeth excluding the third molars. Stiffness is a clinical index which is calculated by the spread speed of supersonic waves. To monitor the general health condition of the subjects, serum levels of disease markers and smoking habits were also investigated. The mean number of remaining teeth for the osteopenia group (OG) and the no-osteopenia group (NOG) was 15.97 ± 9.98 and 18.31 ± 8.06, respectively in females, and 16.32 ± 9.93 and 18.12 ± 9.33, respectively in males (OG versus NOG, P = 0.047 by two-way ANOVA). In addition, stiffness was significantly associated with the number of remaining teeth (CV = -0.157, P = 0.005) using linear multiple regression analysis adjusted by four other variables. In this study, there was a significant relationship between the number of remaining teeth and BMD of the os calcis. © 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2005.01491.x

Periodontal conditions in an elderly Japanese population influenced by smoking status and serum immunoglobulin G2 levels

K Nakashima, T Kobayashi, A Yoshihara, J Fujiwara, H Miyazaki, Y Kowashi

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY 76 ( 4 ) 582 - 589 2005.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY

Background: A Japanese population residing in the same area may be suitable for evaluation of the association among IgG subclass levels, smoking status, and periodontal disease due to similar racial and environmental factors, as these factors can interact to influence serum IgG subclass levels. The present cross-sectional investigation attempted to examine the influence of serum IgG subclass levels and smoking status on periodontal condition in a population of elderly Japanese subjects.
Methods: Elderly individuals (N = 451, age, 71 years) residing in Niigata City, Japan participated in the present study. Clinical evaluations, which consisted of probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and calculus, and serological determinations including serum IgG subclass levels and anti - Porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriae IgG subclass titers were conducted. All participants were asked to complete questionnaires regarding smoking status and were then divided into one of three groups: never smoker, former smoker, or current smoker.
Results: Distributions of the number of teeth did not differ significantly across the groups. The proportion of sites with CAL &GE; 4 mm (%CAL4) in current smokers was significantly higher in comparison with never smokers. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that %CAL4 was influenced by number of teeth, serum IgG2 levels, gender, and smoking status (R-2 = 0.253, P &LT; 0.001). The effect of IgG2 was greater than that of smoking status. Distribution of IgG2 was not significantly different across the three groups.
Conclusion: These data indicate that serum IgG2 levels influences periodontal conditions in an elderly Japanese population independent of smoking status.

DOI： 10.1902/jop.2005.76.4.582

Periodontal conditions in an elderly Japanese population influenced by smoking status and serum immunoglobulin G2 levels Reviewed

Keisuke Nakashima, Takao Kobayashi, Akihiro Yoshihara, Jun Fujiwara, Hideo Miyazaki, Yusuke Kowashi

Journal of Periodontology 76 ( 4 ) 582 - 589 2005.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Background: A Japanese population residing in the same area may be suitable for evaluation of the association among IgG subclass levels, smoking status, and periodontal disease due to similar racial and environmental factors, as these factors can interact to influence serum IgG subclass levels. The present cross-sectional investigation attempted to examine the influence of serum IgG subclass levels and smoking status on periodontal condition in a population of elderly Japanese subjects. Methods: Elderly individuals (N = 451, age, 71 years) residing in Niigata City, Japan participated in the present study. Clinical evaluations, which consisted of probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and calculus, and serological determinations including serum IgG subclass levels and anti-Porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriae IgG subclass titers were conducted. All participants were asked to complete questionnaires regarding smoking status and were then divided into one of three groups: never smoker, former smoker, or current smoker. Results: Distributions of the number of teeth did not differ significantly across the groups. The proportion of sites with CAL ≥4 mm (%CAL4) in current smokers was significantly higher in comparison with never smokers. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that %CAL4 was influenced by number of teeth, serum IgG2 levels, gender, and smoking status (R2 = 0.253, P &lt
0.001). The effect of IgG2 was greater than that of smoking status. Distribution of IgG2 was not significantly different across the three groups. Conclusion: These data indicate that serum IgG2 levels influences periodontal conditions in an elderly Japanese population independent of smoking status.

DOI： 10.1902/jop.2005.76.4.582

FcγRIIIb genotypes and smoking in periodontal disease progression among community-dwelling older adults in Japan Reviewed

Akihiro Yoshihara, Noriko Sugita, Kouji Yamamoto, Tetsuo Kobayashi, Toshinobu Hirotomi, Hiroshi Ogawa, Hideo Miyazaki, Hiromasa Yoshie

Journal of Periodontology 76 ( 2 ) 250 - 255 2005.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Background: FcγRIIIb genotypes and smoking are risk factors for periodontal disease. However, the interaction of FcγRIIIb-NA1-NA2 polymorphism with smoking remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine if FcγRIIIb-NA1-NA2 polymorphism and smoking are associated with periodontal disease progression among elderly people. Methods: Among 70-year-old subjects, 164 with neither diabetes mellitus nor blood sugar ≥140 mg/dl, who had more than 20 teeth and who could participate in both the baseline and the follow-up examinations were included in the study. The NA1 group comprised subjects with FcγIIIb-NA1NA1 genotype (N = 53), while the NA2 group included subjects with FcγRIIIb-NA1NA2 or NA2NA2 genotype (N = 111). We examined the progression of periodontitis by measuring attachment loss during 3 years. Results: The frequency of subjects who showed ≥4 mm additional attachment loss at one or more sites was 55.6% for smokers and 37.2% for non-smokers. The odds ratio (OR) was 2.13 (confidence interval [CI]: 0.92 to 4.76). We found a better association between periodontal progression and smoking in the NA2 group. The OR for smokers was 3.03 (CI:1.12 to 8.33, P = 0.028). Additionally, the mean number of sites with ≥4 mm additional attachment loss per person between smokers and non-smokers in the NA2 group or between smokers and non-smokers in the NA1 group was 2.90 ± 3.42 and 0.74 ± 1.53 or 0.57 ± 0.79 and 0.68 ± 1.03, respectively (P &lt
0.001
analysis of variance [ANOVA]). Conclusion: Our results may suggest an association between smoking and periodontal disease progression in elderly people with FcγRIIIb-NA2 polymorphism.

DOI： 10.1902/jop.2005.76.2.250

Fc gamma RIIIb genotypes and smoking in periodontal disease progression among community-dwelling older adults in Japan

A Yoshihara, N Sugita, K Yamamoto, T Kobayashi, T Hirotomi, H Ogawa, H Miyazaki, H Yoshie

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY 76 ( 2 ) 250 - 255 2005.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY

Background: Fc gamma RIIIb genotypes and smoking are risk factors for periodontal disease. However, the interaction of Fc gamma RIIIb-NA1-NA2 polymorphism with smoking remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine if Fc gamma RIIIb-NA1-NA2 polymorphism and smoking are associated with periodontal disease progression among elderly people.
Methods: Among 70-year-old subjects, 164 with neither diabetes mellitus nor blood sugar >= 140 mg/dl, who had more than 20 teeth and who could participate in both the baseline and the follow-up examinations were included in the study. The NA1 group comprised subjects with Fc gamma RIllb-NA1NA1 genotype (N = 53), while the NA2 group included subjects with Fc gamma RIIIb-NA1NA2 or NA2NA2 genotype (N = 111). We examined the progression of periodontitis by measuring attachment loss during 3 years.
Results: The frequency of subjects who showed >= 4 mm additional attachment loss at one or more sites was 55.6% for smokers and 37.2% for non-smokers. The odds ratio (OR) was 2.13 (confidence interval [CI]: 0.92 to 4.76). We found a better association between periodontal progression and smoking in the NA2 group. The OR for smokers was 3.03 (CI: 1.12 to 8.33, P = 0.028). Additionally, the mean number of sites with >= 4 mm additional attachment loss per person between smokers and non-smokers in the NA2 group or between smokers and non-smokers in the NA1 group was 2.90 +/- 3.42 and 0.74 +/- 1.53 or 0.57 +/- 0.79 and 0.68 +/- 1.03, respectively (P < 0.001; analysis of variance [ANOVA]).
Conclusion: Our results may suggest an association between smoking and periodontal disease progression in elderly people with Fc gamma RIIIb-NA2 polymorphism.

DOI： 10.1902/jop.2005.76.2.250

Serum vitamin C-periodontal relationship in community-dwelling elderly Japanese Reviewed

N Amarasena, H Ogawa, A Yoshihara, N Hanada, H Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY 32 ( 1 ) 93 - 97 2005.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD

Objective: To determine the relationship between serum vitamin C and periodontitis as estimated by clinical attachment loss (CAL) in community-dwelling elderly Japanese.
Material and Methods: This analysis was confined to 413 Niigata citizens aged 70 years in whom the data for serum vitamin C and CAL were available. High-pressure liquid chromatography method was used to ascertain the serum vitamin C levels while CAL was assessed on six sites of all teeth present including third molars by means of pressure-sensitive probes. Other variables included gender, smoking, toothbrushing frequency, number of teeth present and random blood sugar levels.
Results: Serum vitamin C concentration was inversely related to CAL (r=-0.23, p<0.00005) at bivariate level. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that CAL was 4% greater in subjects with lower serum vitamin C levels than in subjects with higher serum vitamin C levels notwithstanding smoking, diabetes, oral hygiene, gender or number of teeth present.
Conclusion: The findings suggested that serum vitamin C might have relatively weak but a statistically significant relationship with periodontitis in this elderly population.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2004.00643.x

Reliability and Validity of Global Ratings for Competency Assessment : An Analysis of and OSCE at Niigata University Faculty of Dentistry

OKIJI Takashi, FUKUSHIMA Masayoshi, YOSHIBA Kunihiko, KOBAYASHI Hiroshi, YOSHIHARA Akihiro, HOSHINA Hideyuki, TOMIZAWA Mieko, TAKAGI Ritsuo, MAEDA Takeyasu, YAMADA Yoshiaki

20 ( 1 ) 135 - 141 2004.12

客観的臨床能力試験(OSCE)における概略評定の信頼性と妥当性平成15年度新潟大学歯学部OSCEの解析 Reviewed

興地隆史, 福島正義, 吉羽邦彦, 小林博, 葭原明弘, 星名秀行, 富沢美恵子, 高木律男, 前田健康, 山田好秋

日本歯科医学教育学会雑誌 Vol20(1) 135 - 141 2004.12

Investigation on reproducibility of the term for classification of occlusion Reviewed

AOTO Seiji, FUKAMACHI Hiroomi, YOSHIHARA Akihiro, SAITO Isao

63 ( 2 ) 95 - 99 2004.12

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical availability of classification of occlusion proposed in "Classification of Occlusion in Clinical Orthodontics" published by Yogosawa Society of Orthodontists in 2000. Four orthodontists categorized study casts of one hundred orthodontic patients according to this classification of occlusion. The procedure was repeated two months later to assess intra-examiner agreement. Weighted kappa (κ_w) for intra- and inter-examiner agreement were calculated. An interpretation of κ_w was made on the basis of sensitivity and specificity by Landis and Altman. κ_w for intra-examiner agreement showed a value of 0.67 on an average, which implies substantial agreement. Both an initial and the second κ_w for inter-examiner agreement were more than O . 62 on average, indicating reliable and substantial agreement. Repeatability among four examiners was more dependent on familiarity with this term rather than on clinical experiences. With respect to repeatability among various types of malocclusion, "protruding upper bite" and "protruding lower bite" showed substantial agreement while "deep bite" and "diverted bite" indicated moderate agreement. (Orthod Waves-Jpn Ed 63(2) : 95-99, 2004)

Other Link： https://projects.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_uri&item_id=171805

Association between Serum IgG Subclass Levels and Periodontal Status in an Elderly Japanese Population Reviewed

KOBAYASHI Takao, NAKASHIMA Keisuke, YOSHIHARA Akihiro, MIYAZAKI Hideo, KOWASHI Yusuke

JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ORGANISATION FOR RESEARCH OF PERIODONTOLOGY 46 ( 1 ) 31 - 38 2004.12

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：JAPANESE SOCIETY OF PERIODONTOLOGY

Previous reports suggested that the association between serum IgG subclass levels and periodontal status is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, such as race and smoking. Japanese population living in the same area may be appropriate for evaluating this association due to similar racial and environmental factors. The present cross-sectional investigation studied this association in an elderly population of 451 subjects aged, 71 years residing in Niigata, Japan. Smokers and edentulous individuals were excluded. Dentulous nonsmokers were classified into 2 groups based on the number of teeth : those with fewen than 20 teeth and those with 20 or more teeth. The percentage of sites with PAL≥4mm and serum IgG 1 levels was significantly higher in subjects with fewer than 20 teeth. A significant negative correlation was observed between the number of teeth and IgG 1 subclass levels. This data indicates that higher levels of serum IgG 1 are associated with reduced numbers of teeth in a Japanese elderly population. Longitudinal investigation is necessary to clarify the reason for this in periodontitis-susceptible individuals.

DOI： 10.2329/perio.46.31

Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2004199192

The Relationship between Appetite and Quality of Life in Community-dwelling Older Adults Reviewed

YOSHIHARA Akihiro, SEIDA Yoshikazu, KATAOKA Shojiro, HANADA Nobuhiro, MIYAZAKI Hideo

JOURNAL OF DENTAL HEALTH 54 ( 3 ) 241 - 248 2004.12

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japanese Society for Oral Health

There are many elderly people who enjoy meals in their daily life. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between appetite and quality of life, controlling the known confounding factors. In this study, 600 subjects aged 70 years were included. In order to integrate quality of life, we used a face scale which has five face figures considered appropriate for a five-stage evaluation. A questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate appetite. In addition, we obtained data on physical factors, healthy actions, social factors and oral symptoms. The comparison of the appetite, score of oral symptoms and other general factors between two groups divided according to the face scale score was investigated by multiple logistic regression analysis. We selected two kinds of dependent variables according to each face scale score (models 1 and 2). Appetite, total score of oral symptoms, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology index (TMIG index), amount of sleep and gender as independent variables were selected in both models. In model 1, appetite (Odds ratio : 2.77, p<0.05), total score of oral symptoms (Odds ratio : 1.25, p<0.05) , TMIG index (Odds ratio : 1.25, p<0.0l) were significant. On the other hand, in model 2, appetite (Odds ratio : 3.23, p<0.00l), TMIG index (Odds ratio : 1.24, p< 0.001) and amount of sleep (Odds ratio : 1.72,p<0.0l) were significant. Appetite was associated significantly with the face scale in both models 1 and 2, and the total score of oral symptoms was associated with the face scale in model 1. This study suggests that there was a significant relationship between appetite and quality of life in community-dwelling older adults, and a recovery of oral symptoms was necessary for improvement in the quality of life.

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.54.3_241

The long term effect of fluoride mouthrinse on changes in salivary levels of mutans streptococci in school children Reviewed

Akihiro Yoshihara, Shihoko Sakuma, Jing Wang, Hideo Miyazaki

Journal of Dental Health 54 233 - 240 2004.12

歯学教育プログラムへのPBL教育の導入南カリフォルニア大学歯学部における実態調査 Reviewed

安島久雄, 小野和宏, 前田健康, 永田昌毅, 高木律男, 山田好秋, 興地隆史, 魚島勝美, 葭原明弘, 花田晃治

日本歯科医学教育学会雑誌 Vol20(1) ( 1 ) 166 - 173 2004.12

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：(一社)日本歯科医学教育学会

2001年12月に新潟大学の教員6名が南カリフォルニア大学歯学部を訪れ,米国人学生とともにPBL(問題解決型学習)教育を1週間体験した.また,PBLの概念,教科課程編成法,教材の作成法,評価方法などについて資料収集を行った.その結果,PLBでは問題への解答よりも学習者中心の問題解決過程を通じた理解の育成が重視されること,教員の役割は知識の伝授ではなくグループの作業プロセスを支援して学習目標への到達を促すものであることなどが確認された

A longitudinal study of the relationship between periodontal disease and bone mineral density in community-dwelling older adults

A Yoshihara, Y Seida, N Hanada, H Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY 31 ( 8 ) 680 - 684 2004.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Objective: Bone loss is a common feature of periodontitis and osteoporosis. Both diseases may share common etiologic agents which may either affect or modulate the process of both diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between systemic bone mineral density (BMD) and periodontal disease among older people.
Materials and Methods: Among all 4542 inhabitants aged 70 years according to a registry of residents in Niigata city in Japan, 600 people were selected randomly. One hundred and eighty-four subjects who did not have diabetes mellitus, whose blood sugar was <140 mg/dl, who had more than 20 teeth, who were non-smokers, and who did not take medication for osteoporosis, were included in the study. Four dentists performed clinical evaluations on probing attachment level (PAL). We also utilized the data on BMD of the heel, which we measured using an ultrasound bone densitometer. Follow-up clinical surveys were done by measuring PAL after 3 years. Finally, 179 subjects who could participate in both the baseline and the follow-up examinations were included in the analysis. After dividing the subjects into an osteopenia group (OG) and non-osteopenia group (NOG), we evaluated the relationship between BMD and the number of progressive sites which had greater than or equal to3 mm additional attachment loss during 3 years after controlling the known confounding factors.
Results: The mean number of progressive sites for the OG and the NOG, respectively, were 4.65+/-5.51 and 3.26+/-3.01 in females and 6.88+/-9.41 and 3.41+/-2.79 in males. Two-way analysis of variance was performed to discriminate among effects of gender, BMD, and gender-BMD interaction. A significant effect of BMD (OG or NOG, p=0.043) with a significant interaction (p=0.038) was observed. Furthermore, BMD was associated with the number of progressive sites which had greater than or equal to3 mm additional attachment loss during the 3 years (p=0.001) by multiple linear regression analysis.
Conclusions: This study suggested that there was a significant relationship between periodontal disease and general BMD.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2004.00548.x

A longitudinal study of the relationship between periodontal disease and bone mineral density in community-dwelling older adults Reviewed

A Yoshihara, Y Seida, N Hanada, H Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY 31 ( 8 ) 680 - 684 2004.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Objective: Bone loss is a common feature of periodontitis and osteoporosis. Both diseases may share common etiologic agents which may either affect or modulate the process of both diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between systemic bone mineral density (BMD) and periodontal disease among older people.
Materials and Methods: Among all 4542 inhabitants aged 70 years according to a registry of residents in Niigata city in Japan, 600 people were selected randomly. One hundred and eighty-four subjects who did not have diabetes mellitus, whose blood sugar was <140 mg/dl, who had more than 20 teeth, who were non-smokers, and who did not take medication for osteoporosis, were included in the study. Four dentists performed clinical evaluations on probing attachment level (PAL). We also utilized the data on BMD of the heel, which we measured using an ultrasound bone densitometer. Follow-up clinical surveys were done by measuring PAL after 3 years. Finally, 179 subjects who could participate in both the baseline and the follow-up examinations were included in the analysis. After dividing the subjects into an osteopenia group (OG) and non-osteopenia group (NOG), we evaluated the relationship between BMD and the number of progressive sites which had greater than or equal to3 mm additional attachment loss during 3 years after controlling the known confounding factors.
Results: The mean number of progressive sites for the OG and the NOG, respectively, were 4.65+/-5.51 and 3.26+/-3.01 in females and 6.88+/-9.41 and 3.41+/-2.79 in males. Two-way analysis of variance was performed to discriminate among effects of gender, BMD, and gender-BMD interaction. A significant effect of BMD (OG or NOG, p=0.043) with a significant interaction (p=0.038) was observed. Furthermore, BMD was associated with the number of progressive sites which had greater than or equal to3 mm additional attachment loss during the 3 years (p=0.001) by multiple linear regression analysis.
Conclusions: This study suggested that there was a significant relationship between periodontal disease and general BMD.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2004.00548.x

The Effect of Chewing Ability on the Dietary Intake of Healthy Elderly People Reviewed

KANMORI Hideki, YOSHIHARA Akihiro, ANDO Yuichi, MIYAZAKI Hideo

JOURNAL OF DENTAL HEALTH 53 ( 1 ) 13 - 22 2003.12

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japanese Society for Oral Health

Recenly in the field of clinical dentistry, and particularly in gerodontics, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of nutrition. A lack of chewing ability might be associates with nutritional deficiency, but there is hardly any substantial evidence to support this assumption. This study investigated the effect of chewing ability on intake of total calories, and nutrients by healthy elderly people. The study sample consisted of 512 elderly residents in Niigata City (265 males, 247 females) aged 70 years, who were in good general health and did not require as stance to perform their daily activities. Chewing ability was divided into two categories : being able to chew all foods (15 test foods) was considered "good", and not being able to chew any of the foods was considered "poor". To determine quantitative food intake, a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was utilized during interviews by nutritionists. A personal interview was performed about lifestyle and oral health. QOL (Quality of life) was evaluated using a "Face Scale". Oral examinations, body measurements and blood tests were performed. We evaluated the relationship between chewing ability and subjective symptoms of oral health using odds ratio. Furthermore, relationships between chewing ability and total calorie intake, nutrient and food were investigated using a linear multiple regression model. Poor chewing ability was found in 48% of males and 60% of females. The mean number of teeth present was 17.88 (SD=9.49) for males and 17.01 (SD=9.00) for females. The mean total calorie intake was 1,706.3 kcal (SD=350.8) for males and 1,474.9 kcal (SD=252.3) for females. The variables that significantly affect low chewing ability and the odds ratios were gender (female 1.62), number of teeth present (edentulous participants 8.51, participants with 1-10 teeth 6.03, participants with 11-20 teeth 5.29 compared with participants with 21 or more teeth), the presence of swelling and pain in the gums (2.47), the presence of mobile teeth (1.92), the degree of saliva flow (sufficient 3.13, undetermined 1.70), lower QOL (2.02). In males, total calorie intake and vegetable and fruit intake were significantly lower in the poor chewing category than in the good category according to multiple regression analysis. In females, there was no significant association between the 2 chewing ability categories. Low intake of vegetables and fruits leads to low dietary fiber and vitamin intake. Especially vitamin C, E and carotene are known as antioxidants, and adequate intake of these were thought to prevent cardiovascular disease and gastro-intestinal disease. Lower chewing ability might be a risk factor for these diseases in healthy males aged 70 years or older. In conclusion, the findings suggested that chewing ability might affect total calorie intake and vegetable and fruit intake in healthy males aged 70 years or older.

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.53.1_13

Root Caries Prevalence and Association between Root Caries and Coronal Caries in the Elderly Reviewed

TAKANO Naoko, YOSHIHARA Akihiro, ANDO Yuichi, OGAWA Hiroshi, HIROTOMI Toshinobu, YAMAGA Takayuki, HANADA Nobuhiro, MIYAZAKI Hideo

JOURNAL OF DENTAL HEALTH 53 ( 5 ) 592 - 598 2003.12

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japanese Society for Oral Health

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and intraoral distribution of root caries in the elderly, and to identify the association between root caries and coronal caries. Six hundred noninstitutionalized adults aged 70 years in Niigata, Japan were examined for their oral status and general health status. A total of 544 subjects identified as dentate was available for assessment. The prevalence of root caries was evaluated as the percentage of the subjects with one or more root caries and the mean number of teeth with root caries. The intraoral distribution was evaluated as the mean percentage of exposed root surfaces affected by root caries in terms of tooth surface (buccal, lingual, distal, mesial) and tooth group (incisor, canine, premolar, molar). In the analysis of the associations, subjects were divided into 4 groups according to the number of coronal caries first, and then the prevalence of root caries was evaluated in each group. Next, logistic regression analysis where the dependent variable was one or more root caries and the independent variables including the number of teeth with coronal caries was performed. The percentage of male subjects with one or more root caries (DF) was 56.9% and that of female subjects was 53.3%. The mean number of root DFT was 1.81 (SD=2.41) per person for males and that for females was 1.41 (SD=1.93) per person, respectively. As for untreated root caries (D), the percentage of male subjects with one or more root D was 21.7% and that of female subjects was 19.8%. The mean number of root DT for males was 0.46 (SD=1.10) per person and that for females was 0.32 (SD=0.81) per person. The tooth type most commonly affected by root caries in the maxilla was canine and in the mandible it was premolar. The percentage of exposed root surfaces affected by root caries was 17.5% and 11.5%, respectively. As for tooth surface distribution, the buccal surfaces were the most commonly affected with a percentage of 15.8%. The mean number of teeth with root caries and the percentage of subjects with root caries increased with the number of coronal caries. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the prevalence of coronal caries was significantly associated with that of root caries (odds ratio=1.08, p<0.001) after adjusting for other oral variables. In conclusion, the results suggest that the prevalence of root caries in the elderly was high, and the prevalence of coronal caries was associated with root caries prevalence.

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.53.5_592

Factors associated with root caries incidence in an elderly population

Naoko Takano, Yuichi Ando, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki

Community Dental Health 20 ( 4 ) 217 - 222 2003.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Objective: To identify baseline factors associated with future root caries development in an elderly population. Basic research design Oral health and general health status examinations were carried out at baseline and after one and two years. In order to identify risk predictors of root caries with a different degree of robustness, three multiple logistic regression analyses where the dependent variables were one, two and three or more disease events were performed. Participants: Six hundred noninstitutionalised adults aged 70 in Niigata, Japan took part in the baseline examination. A total of 373 subjects were followed up for two years and identified as dentate at the two-year examination. Results: During the period of study, 35.9% of subjects developed at least one new root caries lesion. The mean number of new root caries lesions per subject was 0.9 (sd=1.7). Logistic regression analyses indicated that having one or more root D surface and mean LA ≥3.6 mm were the most robust risk predictors, having two or more prosthetic crowns, non use of interdental brushes or dental floss and LB ≥105 CFU/ml were moderately robust risk predictors, and a Body Mass Index &lt
20 was the least robust risk predictor. Conclusions: These findings suggest that oral health status is a good risk predictor, and poor general health indicated by a low Body Mass Index may also contribute to root caries occurrence in this elderly population.

新潟大学歯学部卒前教育における客観的臨床能力試験(OSCE)の導入 Reviewed

興地隆史, 福島正義, 葭原明弘, 子田晃一, 小野和宏, 小林博, 魚島勝美, 小山純市, 植田耕一郎, 高木律男, 前田健康, 花田晃治

日本歯学教育学会誌 18 ( 2 ) 300 - 307 2003.12

Epidemiological Study on Marginal and Apical Periodontal Conditions in Japanese Elderly People Using Panoramic Radiograph Reviewed

HIURA Kenji, YOSHIHARA Akihiro, MIYAZAKI Hideo

JOURNAL OF DENTAL HEALTH 53 ( 2 ) 130 - 136 2003.12

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japanese Society for Oral Health

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiographically-detected marginal and apical periodontal conditions in elderly people. The subjects were 100 (57 males, 43 females) people at least 70 years old who underwent oral examinations in Niigata City in 1998 (baseline examination), 1999 and 2000. The following parameters calculated on panoramic radiograph were studied for alveolar bone loss and apical periodontal conditions (the existence of periapical lesions, and root canal fillings). We compared subjects by number of teeth and Eichner index (following EI). Third molars were excluded from all analyses. In the baseline study, the rate of nonvital teeth was 36.9%, and the rate of periapical lesions was 35.6%. The mean alveolar bone loss was 30.1% (SD=12.1) in 1998 (baseline examination) and 31.3% (SD=12.2) in 2000. This increase was significant (p<0.05). The mean alveolar bone loss compared by number of teeth was 36.4% in those with 1-9 present teeth, 34.0% for 10-19 present teeth, 27.5% for 20 or more present teeth. The number of teeth lost in 2 years was 50, 7 vital teeth and 43 nonvital. The results of tooth-level multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence of 50% or more alveolar bone loss was high in anterior teeth, molars, males, and 20 or more present teeth. Tooth-level multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence of tooth loss was high in nonvital teeth, teeth with periapical lesions, 50% or more alveolar bone loss, and teeth with clasps. These findings suggest that elderly people with 20 or more present teeth have a low risk of alveolar bone loss and tooth loss. They further suggested that preservation of the pulp was associated with decline of the risk factors for tooth loss.

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.53.2_130

Improvement in Gingivitis by School Based Prevention Programme at the Elementary School with the Use of Dental Floss after 18 Months Reviewed

Akihiro Yoshihara, Kouichi Fukai, Yuko Morozumi, Toshinobu Hirotomi, Hideo Miyazaki

Journal of Dental Health 53 91 - 97 2003.12

Factors associated with root caries incidence in an elderly population Reviewed

Naoko Takano, Yuichi Ando, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki

Community Dental Health 20 ( 4 ) 217 - 222 2003.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Objective: To identify baseline factors associated with future root caries development in an elderly population. Basic research design Oral health and general health status examinations were carried out at baseline and after one and two years. In order to identify risk predictors of root caries with a different degree of robustness, three multiple logistic regression analyses where the dependent variables were one, two and three or more disease events were performed. Participants: Six hundred noninstitutionalised adults aged 70 in Niigata, Japan took part in the baseline examination. A total of 373 subjects were followed up for two years and identified as dentate at the two-year examination. Results: During the period of study, 35.9% of subjects developed at least one new root caries lesion. The mean number of new root caries lesions per subject was 0.9 (sd=1.7). Logistic regression analyses indicated that having one or more root D surface and mean LA ≥3.6 mm were the most robust risk predictors, having two or more prosthetic crowns, non use of interdental brushes or dental floss and LB ≥105 CFU/ml were moderately robust risk predictors, and a Body Mass Index &lt
20 was the least robust risk predictor. Conclusions: These findings suggest that oral health status is a good risk predictor, and poor general health indicated by a low Body Mass Index may also contribute to root caries occurrence in this elderly population.

Association between serum albumin and root caries in community-dwelling older adults Reviewed

A. Yoshihara, N. Hanada, H. Miyazaki

Journal of Dental Research 82 ( 3 ) 218 - 222 2003

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Intern. and American Associations for Dental Research

Recently, associations between dental diseases and the general health condition have been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, by serum albumin concentrations, the relationship between the general health condition and root caries. We randomly selected 763 individuals (600 70-year-olds and 163 80-year-olds) living in Niigata City, Japan. The variables body composition, blood measurements, daily nutrient intakes, and root caries were measured. The relationship between root caries and serum albumin concentration was evaluated. The differences in serum albumin concentrations between subjects with untreated root caries (DT = 0 and DT ≥ 3) were 75.56 mg/dL in 70-year-olds and 202.97 mg/dL in 80-year-olds (p &lt
0.05, ANOVA). The findings of the present study indicated that a relationship between root caries and serum albumin concentration in these elderly subjects is highly possible.

DOI： 10.1177/154405910308200313

Longitudinal study on periodontal conditions in healthy elderly people in Japan Reviewed

T Hirotomi, A Yoshihara, M Yano, Y Ando, H Miyazaki

COMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 30 ( 6 ) 409 - 417 2002.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD

Objectives: A strategy for the control of periodontal disease progression is required to prevent tooth loss in older people. However, detailed epidemiological data on periodontal conditions in elderly people is limited. The purpose of the present study is to describe the natural history of periodontal disease and to evaluate the intraoral factors relating to the disease progression in systemically healthy elderly people. Methods: In the cross-sectional study, 599 and 162 subjects aged 70 and 80 years, respectively, were examined. Of those subjects aged 70 years, 436 (73%) participated in the 2-year longitudinal study. Pocket depth (PD) and attachment level (AL) were measured for all functioning teeth at six sites per tooth. In the cross-sectional study, AL of 4 mm or greater and 7 mm or greater were defined as moderate and severe disease, respectively. In the longitudinal study, a change in AL of 3 mm or greater at each site was defined as periodontal disease progression. Results: In the cross-sectional study, 97.1% of the subjects had at least one site of AL of 4 mm or greater (4 + mm). The prevalence of AL of 7 mm or greater (7 + mm) was 47.9%, with 2.8 affected teeth per person in those with AL 7 + mm. These findings reveal that periodontal disease is extremely widespread in the elderly population. However, very few had many teeth with severe periodontal conditions. In the longitudinal study, 75.1% experienced attachment loss of 3 mm or greater (3+ mm) during the 2-year study period. Of those subjects who experienced attachment loss, a mean of 4.7 teeth exhibited attachment loss. Multivariate logistic regression showed that both the highest AL in each tooth at baseline and abutment teeth for removable partial dentures were significantly related to periodontal disease progression as well as tooth loss incidence. Conclusions: These results suggest that teeth with poor periodontal conditions as well as abutment teeth for removable partial dentures were significant intraoral factors relating to periodontal disease progression as well as tooth loss.

DOI： 10.1034/j.1600-0528.2002.00005.x

Two-year Cohort Study on Risk Predictors for Tooth Loss in Residing in the Community 70-year-old Subjects Reviewed

SEIDA Yoshikazu, YOSHIHARA Akihiro, ANDO Yuichi, MIYAZAKI Hideo

JOURNAL OF DENTAL HEALTH 52 ( 5 ) 663 - 671 2002.12

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japanese Society for Oral Health

This study investigated the two-year incidence of tooth loss to identify risk predictors for tooth loss in 70-year-old subjects residing in the community. We obtained baseline (1998) and two-year follow-up (2000) data from 402 dentate subjects living in Niigata City. The follow-up rate was 72.6%. To identify risk predictors for tooth loss, variables denoting oral health status and general health status, were obtained using a questionnaire and by performing examinations and blood investigations at the baseline, were included in a multiple logistic regression analysis. Overall, 30.8% of subjects lost one or more teeth with in 2 years after the index year. The mean number of missing teeth per year was 0.27. Tooth loss was frequently observed in this population, however, the distribution of the number of teeth lost was highly skewed. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that tooth loss was greater in persons with BMI (Body mass index)≧24, IgG (Serum immunogloblin)≧1,901 mg/dl, impaired daily physical activities, percentages of sites of LA (Loss of attachment) 6+mm≧4%, nine or more crown restorations and one or more root decayed teeth. The findings from this study suggest that general health status contributes to tooth loss in elderly people, in addition to oral diseases such as root caries and severe periodontal conditions.

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.52.5_663

Longitudinal study on periodontal conditions in healthy elderly people in Japan

T Hirotomi, A Yoshihara, M Yano, Y Ando, H Miyazaki

COMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 30 ( 6 ) 409 - 417 2002.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD

Objectives: A strategy for the control of periodontal disease progression is required to prevent tooth loss in older people. However, detailed epidemiological data on periodontal conditions in elderly people is limited. The purpose of the present study is to describe the natural history of periodontal disease and to evaluate the intraoral factors relating to the disease progression in systemically healthy elderly people. Methods: In the cross-sectional study, 599 and 162 subjects aged 70 and 80 years, respectively, were examined. Of those subjects aged 70 years, 436 (73%) participated in the 2-year longitudinal study. Pocket depth (PD) and attachment level (AL) were measured for all functioning teeth at six sites per tooth. In the cross-sectional study, AL of 4 mm or greater and 7 mm or greater were defined as moderate and severe disease, respectively. In the longitudinal study, a change in AL of 3 mm or greater at each site was defined as periodontal disease progression. Results: In the cross-sectional study, 97.1% of the subjects had at least one site of AL of 4 mm or greater (4 + mm). The prevalence of AL of 7 mm or greater (7 + mm) was 47.9%, with 2.8 affected teeth per person in those with AL 7 + mm. These findings reveal that periodontal disease is extremely widespread in the elderly population. However, very few had many teeth with severe periodontal conditions. In the longitudinal study, 75.1% experienced attachment loss of 3 mm or greater (3+ mm) during the 2-year study period. Of those subjects who experienced attachment loss, a mean of 4.7 teeth exhibited attachment loss. Multivariate logistic regression showed that both the highest AL in each tooth at baseline and abutment teeth for removable partial dentures were significantly related to periodontal disease progression as well as tooth loss incidence. Conclusions: These results suggest that teeth with poor periodontal conditions as well as abutment teeth for removable partial dentures were significant intraoral factors relating to periodontal disease progression as well as tooth loss.

DOI： 10.1034/j.1600-0528.2002.00005.x

Relationship between dental occlusion and physical fitness in an elderly population

T Yamaga, A Yoshihara, Y Ando, Y Yoshitake, Y Kimura, M Shimada, M Nishimuta, H Miyazaki

JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 57 ( 9 ) M616 - M620 2002.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER

Background. The relationship between physical Fitness and dental health status in elderly adults is still unknown. The purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between physical fitness and occlusal condition of natural teeth in the elderly population. The sample consisted of 591 individuals aged 70 Years and 158 aged 80 years selected from the registry of residents in Niigata city.
Methods. Hand grip strength (kg). leg extensor strength (kg). leg extensor power (watts), stepping rate (time per 10 seconds), and one-leg standing time with eyes open (seconds) were measured, The Eichner index A as Used its it measurement of occlusal condition. It was based on existing natural tooth contacts between maxilla and mandible in the bilateral premolar and molar regions and determined the three groups of classification used, In comparing physical fitness with Eichner index, multiple regression models were developed to adjust for variables such as age, gender, height, body weight, past medical history, blood pressure. ser-urn albumin concentration, presence ofloAcr hack pain. smoking habit, marital status, and education.
Results. Multiple regression analyses revealed that leg extensor power (R-2 = .627, p < .05), stepping rate (R-2 = .159. p < .05). and one-leg standing time with eyes open (R-2 = .179, p < .05) showed significant correlations with the Eichner index.
Conclusions. Leg extensor power, stepping rate, and one-leg standing time with eyes open are useful indicators in evaluating lower extremity dynamic strength, agility, and balance function. respectable. These findings suggest that dental occlusal condition is associated with lower extremity dynamic strength. agility. and balance function in elderly adults.

DOI： 10.1093/gerona/57.9.M616

Risk factors for periodontal disease progression among elderly people Reviewed

Hiroshi Ogawa, Akihiro Yoshihara, Toshinobu Hirotomi, Yuichi Ando, Hideo Miyazaki

Journal of Clinical Periodontology 29 ( 7 ) 592 - 597 2002.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for periodontal disease progression by individual characteristics at baseline among elderly people over a 2-year period. Subjects were selected from 4542 people aged 70 years residing in Niigata who were in good general health and who did not require special care for their daily activities. Gender, smoking and alcohol drinking habits were obtained using a questionnaire, while serum levels of disease markers were investigated and attachment levels were clinically recorded. For the assessment of periodontal disease progression, additional attachment loss was used if one or more sites had a 3-mm or more increase in probing attachment level over a 2-year period. In all, 394 subjects (208 males and 186 females) were surveyed. Approximately 75% of subjects exhibited additional attachment loss over a 2-year period. Significant associations were found between additional attachment loss and smoking, and attachment level of 6mm or more at baseline, with odds ratios of 3.75 and 2.29, respectively. Smoking habit and baseline attachment level of 6mm or more may be considered risk factors for further attachment loss among healthy elderly people. © Blackwell Munksgaard, 2002.

DOI： 10.1034/j.1600-051X.2002.290702.x

Risk factors for periodontal disease progression among elderly people

H Ogawa, A Yoshihara, T Hirotomi, Y Ando, H Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY 29 ( 7 ) 592 - 597 2002.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD

The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for periodontal disease progression by individual characteristics at baseline among elderly people over a 2-year period. Subjects were selected from 4542 people aged 70 years residing in Niigata who were in good general health and who did not require special care for their daily activities. Gender, smoking and alcohol drinking habits were obtained using a questionnaire, while serum levels of disease markers were investigated and attachment levels were clinically recorded. For the assessment of periodontal disease progression, additional attachment loss was used if one or more sites had a 3-mm or more increase in probing attachment level over a 2-year period. In all, 394 subjects (208 males and 186 females) were surveyed. Approximately 75% of subjects exhibited additional attachment loss over a 2-year period. Significant associations were found between additional attachment loss and smoking, and attachment level of 6 mm or more at baseline, with odds ratios of 3.75 and 2.29, respectively. Smoking habit and baseline attachment level of 6 mm or more may be considered risk factors for further attachment loss among healthy elderly people.

DOI： 10.1034/j.1600-051X.2002.290702.x

Relationship between dental occlusion and physical fitness in an elderly population Reviewed

Takayuki Yamaga, Akihiro Yoshihara, Yuichi Ando, Yutaka Yoshitake, Yasuo Kimura, Mieko Shimada, Mamoru Nishimuta, Hideo Miyazaki

Journals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 57 ( 9 ) M616 - M620 2002

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Background. The relationship between physical fitness and dental health status in elderly adults is still unknown. The purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between physical fitness and occlusal condition of natural teeth in the elderly population. The sample consisted of 591 individuals aged 70 years and 158 aged 80 years selected from the registry of residents in Niigata city. Methods. Hand grip strength (kg), leg extensor strength (kg), leg extensor power (watts), stepping rate (time per 10 seconds), and one-leg standing time with eyes open (seconds) were measured. The Eichner index was used as a measurement of occlusal condition. It was based on existing natural tooth contacts between maxilla and mandible in the bilateral premolar and molar regions and determined the three groups of classification used. In comparing physical fitness with Eichner index, multiple regression models were developed to adjust for variables such as age, gender, height, body weight, past medical history, blood pressure, serum albumin concentration, presence of lower back pain, smoking habit, marital status, and education. Results. Multiple regression analyses revealed that leg extensor power (R2 = .627, p &lt
.05), stepping rate (R2 = .159, p &lt
.05), and one-leg standing time with eyes open (R2 = .179, p &lt
.05) showed significant correlations with the Eichner index. Conclusions. Leg extensor power, stepping rate, and one-leg standing time with eyes open are useful indicators in evaluating lower extremity dynamic strength, agility, and balance function, respectively. These findings suggest that dental occlusal condition is associated with lower extremity dynamic strength, agility, and balance function in elderly adults. © Oxford University Press 2002.

DOI： 10.1093/gerona/57.9.M616

Analysis of vitamin D and Fc gamma receptor polymorphisms in Japanese patients with generalized early-onset periodontitis Reviewed

A Yoshihara, N Sugita, K Yamamoto, T Kobayashi, H Miyazaki, H Yoshie

JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH 80 ( 12 ) 2051 - 2054 2001.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R

Early-onset periodontitis (EOP) is considered to have a genetic basis which has not been clearly defined. Genetic polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR-B-b) and the immunoglobulin-Fcgamma receptor IIIb (FcgammaRIIIb-NA1-NA2) are associated with bone metabolism and infectious diseases, respectively. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations of EOP with VDR and FcgammaRIIIb polymorphisms. Subjects were comprised of those with generalized EOP (G-EOP, n = 42), adult periodontitis (AP, n = 52), and healthy control (HC, n = 55). VDR and FcgammaRIIIb genotypes were determined by allele-specific polymerase chain-reactions. Our results indicated that frequencies of the VDR-B non-carrier and the FcgammaRIIIb-NA2 carrier were lower in the G-EOP compared with the AP and HC groups. Furthermore, we found a strong association between G-EOP and the VDR-FcgammaRIIIb composite genotype (G-EOP vs. AP - OR = 5.09, p = 0.009; G-EOP vs. HC - OR = 5.93, p = 0.004). In conclusion, no correlation was found between the VDR genotype and G-EOP. However, the VDR and FcgammaRIIIb genotype combination may be associated with susceptibility to G-EOP.

Increased frequency of Fc gamma RIIIb-NA1 allele in periodontitis-resistant subjects in an elderly Japanese population Reviewed

N Sugita, T Kobayashi, Y Ando, A Yoshihara, K Yamamoto, JGJ van de Winkel, H Miyazaki, H Yoshie

JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH 80 ( 3 ) 914 - 918 2001.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH

Many elderly people show minimum periodontal tissue destruction, which might be partly due to genetic advantages in host immune response against periodontopathic bacteria. The human IgG Fc receptor IIIb on neutrophils bears a NA1-NA2 polymorphism. The Fc gamma RIIIb-NA1 displays a more efficient interaction with IgG1- and IgG3-opsonized bacteria, compared with the Fc gamma RIIIb-NA2. We investigated a 70-year-old Japanese population (n = 599) to determine whether the Fc gamma RIIIb polymorphism was associated with resistance to periodontitis. Among subjects with greater than or equal to 20 teeth present, periodontitis-resistant (n = 46) and periodontitis-susceptible groups (n = 73) were selected based on the percentage of sites with greater than or equal to 4 nim probing attachment loss in the entire dentition. The Fc gamma RIIIb-NA1 allotype was overrepresented in the periodontitis-resistant group, compared with the periodontitis-susceptible group (chi (2) = 4.89, p = 0.03, odds ratio = 1.87, 95% CI, 1.07 to 3.28). This suggests that Fc gamma RIIIb-NA1 may be associated with resistance to periodontitis.

Antimicrobial effect of fluoride mouthrinse on mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in saliva Reviewed

Akihiro Yoshihara, Shihoko Sakuma, Seigo Kobayashi, Hideo Miyazaki

Pediatric Dentistry 23 ( 2 ) 113 - 117 2001

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Purpose: This study was designed to determine whether the long-term use of fluoride mouthrinse affects the salivary levels of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli. Methods: The subjects consisted of 414 school children aged 7, 10, and 12 yrs. Among these subjects, 243 children had received fluoride mouthrinse since 5 years of age at nursery schools, and comprised the "mouthrinse group." The remaining 171 children, the "no mouthrinse group," had not received fluoride mouthrinse. All of the children received routine dental health education. The levels of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli for the subjects in both groups were measured using Dentocult SM Strip mutans® and Dentocult LB Dip Slide®, respectively. Dental examinations were conducted to obtain data on caries prevalence (dfs and DMFS). Logistic regression analysis was used to control confounding factors: age, dfs, DMFS, frequency of toothbrushing, sum of permanent tooth surfaces sealed, frequency of sweet snacks, frequency of sweet drinks, and the use of fluoridated toothpaste. Results: There was a significant difference in mean DMFS between the mouthrinse group and no mouthrinse group at all ages. Children with fluoride mouthrinse had lower levels of mutans streptococci, and there was a significant association between the experience of fluoride mouthrinse and the score of Dentocult SM strip® Odds ratio: 0.64, P&lt
0.05. However, there was no significant relation between the experience of fluoride mouthrinse and the score of Dentocult LB Dip Slide®. The results of this study demonstrated that the long-term use of fluoride mouthrinse affected the detectable levels of mutans streptococci, but did not affect the levels of lactobacilli. Conclusions: These results suggest that fluoride mouthrinse might contribute to reducing the number of mutans streptococci.

Three-Year Incidence of and Risk Predictors for Tooth Loss in Community-dwelling Adults

ANDO Yuichi, YOSHIHARA Akihiro, SEIDA Yoshikazu, MIYAZAKI Hideo

JOURNAL OF DENTAL HEALTH 51 ( 3 ) 263 - 274 2001

Language：Japanese Publisher：Japanese Society for Oral Health

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the three-year incidence of and risk predictors for tooth loss in community-dwelling adults. The subjects were 269 (128 males, 141 females) dentate adults living in a town in Niigata Prefecture who underwent oral examinations in both 1997 (baseline examination) and 2000 (follow-up examination). The follow-up rate was 37.2%. The mean age at baseline was 60.6 (SD = 12.8). A multiple-logistic regression model was used to quantify tooth-specific and person-level risk predictors for tooth loss using variables of the oral examination and questionnaire at baseline. The three-year incidence of tooth loss was 4.9% at tooth-level, 48% at person-level. The mean number of missing teeth per year was 0.33. The results of person-level multiple logistic regression analysis showed that tooth loss was more common in people with 10-27 present teeth, decayed teeth, oral symptoms, history of dental visit within a year and no habit of using an interdental brush or dental floss. Tooth-level multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence of tooth loss was higher in wisdom teeth, decayed teeth, crowned teeth, abutment teeth in bridges and teeth with mobility.

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.51.3_263

Improvement in Gingivitis by Prevention Program at the Elementary School with the Use of Dental Floss

YOSHIHARA Akihiro, FUKAI Kouichi, MOROZUMI Yuko, HIROTOMI Toshinobu, MIYAZAKI Hideo

JOURNAL OF DENTAL HEALTH 51 ( 5 ) 822 - 827 2001

Language：Japanese Publisher：Japanese Society for Oral Health

According to the Japanese National Oral Health Survey in 1999, the prevalence of gingivitis among 5-14-year-old children is 47.4%. The use of dental floss is important in preventing gingivitis. The present study investigated the effect of a gingivitis prevention program with the use of dental floss. Thirty-nine 5th graders at "M" elementary school (test group) and eighteen 5th graders at "Y" elementary school (control group) were included in this study. Subjects in the test group were instructed by dental hygienists to use dental floss for anterior teeth in combination with regular toothbrushing after lunch. Measurements were carried out by the same dentist at the baseline and at 6 months, using the modified papilla bleeding index and the plaque index for the anterior 10 papillae. At the baseline, there were no differences between the percentages of proximal bleeding sites per person, of plaque per person, or the percentage of subjects using dental floss in their own home. During a 6-month period, the number of bleeding sites per person decreased from 4.67 (SD=3.01) to 3.03 (SD=2.70) in the test group, and increased from 4.59 (SD=2.50) to 5.41 (SD=3.43) in the control group. There was a significant difference in the reduction of bleeding sites in both groups (p=0.003, Mann-Whitney U test). The number of plaque sites per person decreased from 4.64 (SD=3.02) to 3.41 (SD=2.68) in the test group, and increased from 5.12 (SD=2.93) to 6.41 (SD=2.62) in the control group. There was a significant difference in the reduction of plaque sites in both groups (p=0.003, Mann-Whitney U test). The percentages of subjects using dental floss in their home after instruction during the baseline period was 51.5% for the test group and 22.2% for the control groups (p=0.023, chi-square test). These results show that a gingivitis prevention program including the use of dental floss contributes to the prevention of gingivitis in school children. It is suggested that the program in the present study is relatively easy to include in a school-based dental program and can be widely used.

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.51.5_822

Factors Related to Dental Caries Prevalence in Children with Low Caries Level

YOSHIHARA Akihiro, SAKUMA Shihoko, WANG Jing, MATSUMURA Seishi, SHIMONO Tsutomu, MIYAZAKI Hideo

JOURNAL OF DENTAL HEALTH 50 ( 1 ) 83 - 88 2000

Language：English Publisher：Japanese Society for Oral Health

This cross-sectional study investigated factors related to dental caries prevalence in a low caries group. The subjects consisted of 89 schoolchildren aged 12 years. The children had participated in a fluoride mouth rinse program since 5 years of age at nursery schools. Furthermore, pit and fissure sealants were applied to teeth with sticky fissures when detected at dental check-ups twice a year. Clinical examinations were conducted to obtain data on caries prevalence (dfs and DMFS). The salivary level of mutans streptococci, the salivary level of lactobacilli, and the acid production by bacteria in the plaque were measured using Dentocult SM Strip ® , Dentocult LB Dip Slide ® , and Cariostat ® , respectively. In addition, we obtained information on gender, sum of permanent tooth surfaces sealed, toothbrushing frequency, sweet snack frequency, sweet drink frequency, use of fluoridated toothpaste, and stimulated salivary flow rate. Stepwise backward logistic multiple regression analysis was used to estimate the relationship between caries prevalence and 11 total independent variables. Furthermore, we obtained information about some reasonable linear discriminators that could identify subjects with high caries experience using the final logistic multiple regression model. Thereafter, we calculated sensitivity, specificity, and Youden's index according to the classification table. As the results of stepwise backward logistic multiple regression analysis, three variables (number of sealants, the level of Cariostat R , and frequency of sweet snacks) were selected as independent variables in the final model. The level of CariostatR showed the highest odds ratio (Odds ratio : 6.87, p=0.02). The cutpoints at which Youden's index showed the highest value, sensitivity, and specificity were 76.9% and 75.7%, respectively. According to these findings, it is safe to say that we could propose that the plaque level of Cariostat ® might be the most important variable related to caries prevalence.

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.50.1_83

A Comparative Study of Glass Ionomer and Resin-based Material Used as Fissure Sealants on the First Molars -with Incipient Remineralization

YOSHIHARA Akihiro, SAKUMA Shihoko, MIYAZAKI Hideo

JOURNAL OF DENTAL HEALTH 50 ( 5 ) 777 - 782 2000

Language：Japanese Publisher：Japanese Society for Oral Health

Pit and fissure sealants have been accepted as a caries preventive strategy and have a great effect on preventing dental caries on the pit and fissure surfaces of permanent molar teeth. The retention for resin-based sealant is better than for glass ionomer sealant, but the difference in caries prevention remains equivocal. The aim of this study was to compare the caries preventive effect and retention of a glass ionomer cement (GIC) and a resin-based sealant (RBS). GIC (n=61) or RBS (n=82) was applied on the occlusal surfaces of permanent first molars with Sticky Fissure in school children (n=108), mean age=9.50±1.57 (S. D.). All sealants were applied by two operators using standard procedures and were assessed at baseline and every 6 months thereafter. Assessment criteria were based upon the inefficient status rate (Sticky Fissure or dental caries) and on the occurrence of caries. After 2 years, the ineffective status rate was 23.2% on the RBS compared to 36.1% on the GIC (p<0.05, Wilcoxon's test). For the evaluation of material for sealing, logistic multiple regression analysis was performed. As dependent variables, inefficient status (yes=1, no^O) was used. As independent variables, age, sealant material (RBS=1, GIC=2), DMFT at baseline and jaw (upper=1, lower=2) were used. The inefficient status was associated with the sealant material (Odds ratio: 1.61, p=0.04), after adjusting for age, DMFT at baseline and jaw. In addition, there were a total of eight occurrence of caries, three (4.9%) in teeth sealed with GIC and five (6.1%) in teeth sealed with RBS. The difference in the percentage of the occurrence of caries between teeth sealed with RBS or GIC was not significant. In conclusion, there was no significant difference in caries prevention using GIC compared to RBS. However, there was significantly better retention with RBS.

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.50.5_777

Survival of Fissure Sealants and Preventive Resin Restorations Applied over Early Occlusal Carious Lesions

SAKUMA Shihoko, YOSHIHARA Akihiro, MIYAZAKI Hideo

JOURNAL OF DENTAL HEALTH 50 ( 5 ) 765 - 771 2000

Language：Japanese Publisher：Japanese Society for Oral Health

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical success of fissure sealants (SR) and preventive resin restorations (PRR) which were applied over occlusal carious lesions and to discuss the availability of these methods in a program which manages recently erupted permanent molars by means of prevention and treatment of occlusal dental caries. A preventive resin restoration is a conservative treatment that involves limited excavation to remove carious tissue, restoration of the excavated area with a composite resin, and application of a sealant over the surface of the restoration and the remaining sound, contiguous pits and fissures. Subjects were 57 children aged between 8 and 14 years, at the last examination and who had teeth treated with either SR or PRR. They had been participating in a school-based fluoride mouthrinse program from the age of 5 years, which was combined with a targeted sealant-sealant was selectively applied on the fissure detected as sticky using an explorer-in elementary school. Sixty six teeth-64 first and 2 second permanent molars-were evaluated. Carious lesions that did not exceed a width of 2 mm in a pit or fissure of these teeth were detected. Accordingly, SR or PRR were applied on them. An excavation performed with a small round bur (# 1/2) was indicated for SR, while excavation using a bigger bur was indicated for PRR. After these lesions were treated with either SR or PRR, they were assessed twice a year. The mean period of observation was 3.4 years, with a range of 1 to 7.5 years. Out of 45 teeth to which we applied SR, 9 teeth developed secondary caries. In the case of PRR 3 teeth out of 21 teeth developed secondary caries. The cumulative survival rate for subject teeth after 7.5 years was 71.9±8.0 (SE)% as detected by Kaplan-Meier survival functions; thus, the cumulative incidence of secondary caries was 28.1%. There was no significant difference between the cumulative survival rate for SR (71.0 ± 9.1%; after 7.5 years) and that for PRR (75.2 ± 14.8%; after 5.5 years) as determined by generalized Wilcoxon analysis. And stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the school grade at which carious lesion was detected first had a significant impact on the development of secondary caries after SR or PRR application. A cavity detected at the 1st and 2nd grade was at a larger risk (odds ratio=4.56) than that was detected at higher grades. Similar findings have been reported earlier. It is, therefore, recommended that these treatment methods, which are indicated for small and discrete pit or fissure caries, be adopted in dental clinics practicing preventive measures of dental caries, including fluoride use. It is also suggested that the condition of sealant or resin restoration be observed periodically, in order to maintain it properly.

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.50.5_765

An Evaluation and Comparison of Visual Inspection, Electrical Caries Monitor and Caries Detector Dye Methods in Detecting Early Occlusal Caries in Vitro Study

WANG Jing, SAKUMA Shihoko, YOSHIHARA Akihiro, KOBAYASHI Seigo, MIYAZAKI Hideo

JOURNAL OF DENTAL HEALTH 50 ( 2 ) 223 - 230 2000

Language：English Publisher：Japanese Society for Oral Health

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare three diagnostic methods in detecting early caries in occlusal surfaces. Three different methods, namely, visual inspection (VI), electrical caries monitor (ECM) and a caries detector dye (Dye) were used to diagnose occlusal caries in extracted teeth. One hundred sixty-one sites in a total of 42 extracted teeth were examined by three examiners with VI and ECM methods, whereas the Dye method to detect caries was tested by only one examiner. Histological examination of the teeth served as a validating criterion to evaluate the ability of each method to diagnose caries. Of 161 sites, 82, 96 and 96 sites were diagnosed as having caries by the VI, ECM and Dye methods, respectively, compared with 85 sites by histological validation. ECM showed the highest level in sensitivity (85%), followed by VI (67%) and Dye (63%). In the ROC analysis, the areas under ROC reached 0.73, 0.89 and 0.61 for the VI, ECM and Dye methods, respectively. The kappa values ranged from 0.64-0.80 and 0.75-0.82 in intra- and inter-examiners for ECM, respectively, and between 0.53-0.82 and 0.29-0.70 for VI. It was concluded that the ECM method is more valid and reproducible than VI or Dye for the diagnosis of occlusal caries.

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.50.2_223

個別保健指導及びパンフレット郵送の成人歯科保健に対する有効性成人女性を対象として

葭原明弘, 八木稔, 澤村恵美子, 金子昇, 宮崎秀夫

口腔衛生学会雑誌 49 ( 5 ) 809 - 815 1999.10

Language：Japanese Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会

2歳時健康診査受診者の内,3歳児健康診査も受診した244人の母親を対象とした.テスト群(177人)には,歯科衛生士が対象者1人あたり約10分の個別指導を実施した.母親の口腔健康状態には1年間で変化は認められなかった.歯間ブラシ又はフロスを補助清掃用具として使用している割合は,コントロール群では15.0%(ベースライン)から17.3%(1年後)と同様の使用率であったのに対し,テスト群では17.1%(ベースライン)から28.2%(1年後)と有意に増加した.又,1年後の補助用具の使用の有無に対し,有意な要因として選択されたものは,ベースライン時の補助用具の使用,歯科医より歯周疾患の情報入手及び歯科衛生士による個別指導の3変数であった

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.49.5_809

The Incidence Risk for Dental Caries from Brown-Stained Pit and Fissure in the First Molars of Schoolchildren

YOSHIHARA Akihiro, SAKUMA Shihoko, MIYAZAKI Hideo

JOURNAL OF DENTAL HEALTH 49 ( 3 ) 324 - 328 1999

Language：Japanese Publisher：Japanese Society for Oral Health

The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the caries risk of brown-stained pits and fissures in the first molars. Six hundred thirty-three elementary schoolchildren were selected as sample subjects. The children had participated in a fluoride mouthrinse program since 5 years of age at nursery schools, in addition to having received routine dental education. The screening method consisted of two steps. First, we selected questionable caries for observation (CO teeth) at the school examination. Next, at the second step, we classified the CO teeth into those having brown-stained pits and fissures or sticky fissures, determined at a dental clinic examination. The progression of caries from the brown-stained (86 teeth) and sound (168 teeth) pits and fissures during the next 6 months was compared using the ratio of relative risk. In addition, we evaluated the factors related to the caries progression for 6 months by logistic regression analysis. As a dependent variable, caries occurrence (0: DMFT=0, II DMFT ≥ 1) was used. As independent variables, school grade (1-6), the number of DMFT (0-4), the number of teeth with brown-stained pits and fissures (0-4) and the number of teeth with sticky fissures (0-4) at baseline were used. The percentage of teeth progressing to caries during this 6 month period was 1.2% (2 out of 168) of sound teeth, and 7.0% (6 out of 86) of teeth with brown-stained pits and fissures. The difference in the progression ratio between the two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.02, Fisher's exact test) and the ratio of estimated relative risk was 5.86 in the teeth with brown-stained pits and fissures against the sound teeth. Furthermore, according to logistic regression analysis, only DMFT showed a significant odds ratio (Odds ratio: 2.38, p=0.02). The results of the study demonstrated that the influence of caries activity on teeth with brown-stained pits and fissures might be low. Furthermore, the risk of progression of teeth with brown-stained pits and fissures to dental caries might be lower than the risk of teeth with sticky fissures, according not only to the results of this study, but also to the results of our previous report on the same school as in this study. We should concentrate on caries prevention especially for teeth with sticky fissures because of their high susceptibility to caries. For making a more efficient caries prevention program, we should make a new connection system between screening examinations at school and treatment for prevention with detailed examination at a dental clinic.

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.49.3_324

Economic Aspects of Pit and Fissure Sealants as Caries Preventive Measures Reviewed

YOSHIHARA Akihiro, SAKUMA Shihoko

JOURNAL OF DENTAL HEALTH 47 ( 5 ) 703 - 716 1998.1

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Thesis (other) Publisher：Japanese Society for Oral Health

A number of clinical studies on treatment of pit and fissure sealants have been made and have concluded that sealants are an effective measure for dental caries prevention. However, it has not yet been established whether sealant application is cost-effective or not. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of sealant application by different standard and to define a major factor which influences the most effective standard. 854 sound 1 st permanent molars in 290 primary schoolchildren between the 1 st and 3 rd grades were selected for this study. When 4 different kinds of adaptation standards were adopted for sealant for the 1 st permanent molars, each cost-effectiveness was compared by simulation in the subjects. The criteria chosen as standards were 1) only teeth with slight sticky fissure (SF), 2) healthy teeth contralateral to one which was carious or filled, 3) all 4 teeth only in subjects whose all 4 second primary molars were decayed or filled, and 4) all 4 teeth in all the subjects. The expected utility value (the costs for sealant and, if needed, for restorative treatment per tooth over time) and cost-effectiveness ratio were calculated for the 4 different adaptation standards, respectively. When adopting each standard, the clinical decision analysis showed that standard # 2 (the opposite tooth was carious) was the lowest at 199 yen, standard # 1 (SF) was the next (289 yen), followed by standard # 3 (all the second primary molars were carious ', 526 yen) and standard # 4 (all teeth ; 1,520 yen). In same way, the cost-effectiveness ratio showed that standard # 1 (SF) was 6,004 yen, # 2 was 10,193 yen, # 3 was 17,668, and # 4 was 27,282, respectively. The cost-effectiveness for sealant was estimated to be changeable with different level of caries prevalence by population group. If there are relatively few people with carious molars, the sealant should be applied only to the sticky fissures. On the other hand, the sealant should be applied to all pits and fissures in groups having high caries prevalence, such as the case simulated in this study where more than 80% of first molars were affected by dental caries for 3 years. In conclusion, these results clearly indicate that the sealant program adopting only sticky fissures as an adaptation standard is the most cost-effective, and that the sealant program, including a decision for adaptation standard, should be planned by caries prevalence level in population groups or sub-groups.

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.47.5_703

Evaluation of a Preventive Program for Dental Caries in Primary Dentition from Early Stage of Life

SAWAMURA Emiko, YOSHIHARA Akihiro, YAGI Minoru, MIYAZAKI Hideo

JOURNAL OF DENTAL HEALTH 47 ( 3 ) 292 - 297 1997

Language：Japanese Publisher：Japanese Society for Oral Health

A preventive program for dental caries in primary dentition from 10 months to 1 year and 6 months of age was evaluated. The program began in 1990. Subjects were 230 children who lived in a town of Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Topical fluoride application with acidulated 2% sodium fluoride was a major tool of the program. The program also included dental health education with tooth brushing and milk feeding instructions. Principally, the subjects were recalled at intervals of about 3 months. However, some children regarded as having a high risk of dental caries were recalled according to an original screening criteria. In the town, prevalence of dental caries in primary teeth had remained moderate to high before introduction of the program. Dental examination at 1 year and 6 months of age was carried out from 1991 to 1993. The percentage of children with dental caries decreased from 22.9% in 1991 to 8.0% in 1993 (reduction of 14.9 points, p<0.01). The mean number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth declined from 0.77 to 0.28 in 1991 and 1993, respectively (63.6% reduction, p<0.05). It is concluded that the program motivated the guardians of the children to receive topical fluoride application and to improve oral hygiene habits of the children. The program is considered to be good and feasible for any community with moderate to high level of dental caries in primary teeth.

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.47.3_292

The Reliability of Self-assessment of Number of Remaining Teeth Using Questionnaires

ANDO Yuichi, IKEDA Satoshi, YOSHIHARA Akihiro

JOURNAL OF DENTAL HEALTH 47 ( 5 ) 657 - 662 1997

Language：Japanese Publisher：Japanese Society for Oral Health

The purpose of this study was to compare numbers of remaining teeth from questionnaires and clinical examination and to determine whether information collected through questionnaires is sufficiently reliable for use at community level. The subjects studied were 2,496 adults living in 3 municipalities in Niigata Prefecture. The number of remaining teeth was determined not only from replies to questionnaires by subjects but from clinical examination by 19 dentists. The average score of remaining teeth was 19.59 by questionnaire and 19.60 by oral examination. The difference between the 2 average scores was very small and insignificant by t-test. In each age group, this difference was also small and insignificant. Correlations between questionnaires and clinical examination were extremely high (r = 0.93). In conclusion, questionnaires can give sufficiently reliable data about remaining teeth even if data from clinical examination are not obtained.

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.47.5_657

Caries Prevalence and Missing Teeth among the Workers at the Prefectural Office of Niigata

YOSHIHARA Akihiro, KOBAYASHI Seigo, TAKATOKU Yukio, KAZIYAMA Toru, ANDO Yuichi, HORII Kin-ichi

JOURNAL OF DENTAL HEALTH 45 ( 5 ) 826 - 828 1995

Treatment and Posttreatment Effects of Fluoride Mouthrinsing after 17 Years

Seigo Kobayashi, Hiroshi Kishi, Akihiro Yoshihara, Kin‐ichi Horii, Akihito Tsutsui, Tatsuo Himeno, Alice M. Horowitz

Journal of Public Health Dentistry 55 ( 4 ) 229 - 233 1995

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Objectives: This study assessed the treatment and posttreatment effects of a school‐based, fluoride mouthrinse regimen. Methods: Children in a nonfluoridated community in Japan participated in a daily rinse program using a 0.05 percent NaF solution in nursery and primary schools, and a weekly rinse with 0.2 percent NaF in junior high school. Students were examined at least annually for dental caries and dental treatment was provided in a public dental clinic through the ninth grade. Incipient carious lesions with no cavitation were not restored. Results: The percent of children in grades one through nine (6–14 years of age) with caries‐free permanent teeth increased from 13.4 percent in 1974 to 73.0 percent in 1991, while the mean DMFT decreased by 86 percent during this period. For 12‐year‐olds, mean DMFT scores declined to about one tooth per child after 1982. For adults 20 years of age, there was a 64 percent difference in DMFS between the treatment group who started the rinse regimen at 4 years of age and continued for 11 years, and the controls who lived in different districts and did not participate in a fluoride rinse regimen. Conclusions: Children who began rinsing at 4 or 5 years of age benefited the most from the program. The program was inexpensive, simple to implement and well accepted by families and teachers. The conservative treatment policy in the public clinic likely contributed to the benefits derived by participants. Copyright © 1995, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

DOI： 10.1111/j.1752-7325.1995.tb02374.x

The Prevalence of Dental Fluorosis and Non-fluoride Enamel Mottling in the Natural Fluoride Areas, Japan.

TSUTSUI Akihito, TAKIGUCHI Toru, SAITO Shin-ichi, TAMURA Takuya, YAGI Minoru, ANDO Yuuichi, KISHI Hiroshi, KOBAYASHI Hideto, YANO Masatoshi, YOSHIHARA Akihiro, WATANABE Yuzo, KOBAYASHI Seigo, SAKUMA Shihoko, NOGAMI Shigeki, KOIZUMI Nobuo, NAKAMURA Munetou, WATANABE Takeshi, HORII Kin-ichi, SAKAI Osamu

JOURNAL OF DENTAL HEALTH 44 ( 3 ) 329 - 341 1994

Language：Japanese Publisher：Japanese Society for Oral Health

The optimal fluoride concentration has not been determined because there were few epidemiological studies about dental fluorosis in Japan.<BR>The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the prevalence of enamel mottling and fluoride concentration in drinking water in Japan. We began to look for naturally fluoridated areas in central Japan in 1978. As a result, we found 7 communities in 5 prefectures. There were 26 water supply systems in their communities, and their fluoride concentrations ranged from 0 to 1.4ppm. Subjects for analysis were 1, 081 children aged 10-11 who had lived in the communities from birth.<BR>Dean's Index was used for the classification of dental fluorosis, and non-fluoride enamel mottling was classified in the same way as Dean's Index, too.<BR>A significant positive correlation (r=0.485, p<0.05) was found between the prevalence of dental fluorosis (very mild or mild types) and fluoride concentration and a negative correlation (r=-0.429, p<0.05) was found between the prevalence of non-fluoride enamel mottling and fluoride concentration. There was no relationship (r=-0.129, ns) between the prevalence of all enamel mottling and fluoride concentration. We could not find moderate or severe types of dental fluorosis in these investigations and CFI ranged from 0.04 to 0.30.<BR>We concluded that there was no problem concerning dental fluorosis from 0 to 1.4ppm fluoride concentration in the drinking water in these communities. We believe that these findings make up for the insufficiency of the epidemiological study of dental fluorosis in Japan.

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.44.329

Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/1995065921

A Reasonable Sealant Program for First Molars of Schoolchildren in a FMR Program.

YOSHIHARA Akihiro, KOBAYASHI Seigo, SAKUMA Sihoko, ANDO Yuichi, MINETA Kazuhiko, HORII Kin-ichi, TAKIGUCHI Toru

JOURNAL OF DENTAL HEALTH 44 ( 3 ) 260 - 266 1994

Language：Japanese Publisher：Japanese Society for Oral Health

In order to establish a more efficient program combining pit and fissure sealant with school-based fluoride mouthrinsing, we designed a program based on a screening method in which pits and fissures with higher caries sensitivity were selected using 4 indices and sealed. These 4 indices were sticky fissures diagnosed as CO, occlusal index, occlusal plaque index (O.P.I), and school grade. The purposes of this study are the evaluation of the usefulness of the program.<BR>The subjects, 1st to 3rd graders, were 465 children in elementary school Y and 175 children in elementary school W. The children lived in two neighboring villages which are similar in socioeconomic environment. They had participated in a school-based fluoride mouthrinsing program (FMR) since nursery school. The FMR consisted of rinsing daily with 0.05% NaF from 4 years of age at in nursery school and rinsing weekly with 0.2% NaF after entrance to elementary school.<BR>The screening method consisted of two steps. In the first step, sticky fissures in the occlusal surfaces, buccal pits, and lingual grooves of all 4 first permanent molars were diagnosed as CO. In the second step, the CO surfaces were evaluated based on occlusal index, O.P.I., and school grade. The surfaces evaluated as being in poor condition by these indices were distinguished as high risk CO (H-CO) from the other CO surfaces estimated as low risk CO (L-CO).<BR>In school Y light-polymerized opaque sealants were applied to H-CO surfaces and L-CO surfaces were left without any application until the next examination 6 months later. In school W both H-CO and L-CO surfaces were left without any application. The progression of caries from the previous level, i.e., sound, sealant applied, H-CO, or L-CO, was compared every 6 months.<BR>In school Y the percentage of surfaces progressing to above C<SUB>1</SUB> after 6 months was 0.3% in sound, 12.5% in L-CO, and 0% in sealant-applied surfaces. The percentage of complete retention of sealant was 93.1%. The ratio of relative risk estimated was 50.0 in L-CO surfaces against sound surfaces. In school W the percentages of progressing surfaces were 1.6% in sound, 32.9% in H-CO, 17.6% in L-CO, and 30.1% in the total CO surfaces. The ratio of relative risk estimated was 18.8 in the total CO surfaces against sound surfaces and 1.9 in H-CO against L-CO. It was confirmed that CO surfaces, especialy H-CO surfaces selected by this screening method had more risk of dental caries.<BR>The relative risk of sound surfaces in progressing to dental caries was very low. Accordingly it was reasonable that the sealings were applied only to occlusal surfaces selected by the screening method without sealing all the occlusal surfaces. It was concluded that this program of selecting CO surfaces and applying sealant particularly to H-CO surfaces was appropriate for decreasing the cost of sealant application.

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.44.260

Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/1995065937

An Epidemiological Study of Caries Prevalence, Daily Habits and Environment of Kindergarteners and Schoolchildren in Taiwan R.O.C.

WU Chicheng, TSUTSUI Akihito, WATANABE Takeshi, GUNJISHIMA Yuka, SOEJIMA Takashi, YAMASAKI Akihiro, FUJII Tojiro, TANAHARA Hidehito, MATSUNAGA Shouzo, TING Shengtsung, YEN Tungchieh, SAKAI Osamu, KOBAYASHI Seigo, SAKUMA Shihoko, ANDO Yuuichi, YOSHIHARA Akihiro, HORII Kin-ichi

JOURNAL OF DENTAL HEALTH 42 ( 3 ) 264 - 276 1992

Language：Japanese Publisher：Japanese Society for Oral Health

An epidemiological study of 2, 012 children by oral examination and questionnaire was undertaken to study the dental caries prevalence in one kindergarten and two elementary schools in an urban area and in one kindergarten and two elementary schools in a country area in 1989. The data showed that the dental health status was poor and that living habits and public medical service were unsatisfactory when compared with the results of other dental surveys in Taiwan R.O.C..<BR>In the urban area caries prevalence in deciduous teeth in the kindergarten was 74.2%, and in permanent teeth in the two elementary schools it was 56.3% and 57.1%. In the country area caries prevalence in deciduous teeth in the kindergarten was 95.0% and in permanent teeth in the two elementary schools it was 68.0% and 56.4%, respectively. The dft index was 6.30 in the urban area and 9.00 in the country area, and the DMFT index was 1.87 and 1.58 in the urban area, and 2.02, 1.52 in the country area. The FT rate showed a low restorative treatment rate in both deciduous and permanent teeth. The ft rate was from 1.4% to 6.3% in kindergarteners and FT rate in elementary school children was from 10.5% to 35.6%.<BR>The results of the questionnaire regarding living habits, living environment and medical service were as follows:<BR>1. Subjects who received topicl fluoride application or regular dental examination were few and there was a high percentage of experience of toothache and dental treatment. But because of the deficient public health system, the treatment of dental caries was mostly temporary treatment only, and therefore experience of both toothache and dental treatment were frequent.<BR>2. The answers to the questionnaire showed that the parents know and acknowledge the use of fluoride.<BR>Our dental survey showed that dental caries is increasing in Taiwan and is near the level of Japan. There is no obvious difference in the public dental health situation or the living environment between the regions surveyed, and no definite direction could be observed between caries prevalence and living habits or living environment. The knowledge and acknowledgement of parents concerning fluoride will help to establish a community dental policy and contribute to the developement of school dental health.

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.42.264

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