Grant amount：\7460000 （ Direct Cost: \6500000 、 Indirect Cost：\960000 ）

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Grant amount：\2200000 （ Direct Cost: \2200000 ）

The purpose of this study is to certify the reliability and validity of a newly developed scale of mood control for school students and to investigate associations between the scale and the various variables on their lifestyle. In the pilot studies for 476 male and female junior high school students (7-9^<th> grade) and 76 female senior high school students (10^<th> grade), the coefficients of reliability (Cronbach's alpha) are rather high and the correlation coefficients (by Fisher's exact test) are also quite high with other mood-related scales such as the DSD (the DSM scale for depression) and EAT-26(the Eating Attitudes Test). Thus, the reliability and validity of the mood control scale are sufficient for general use. In the main studies for 523 male and female senior high school students who go to flex-type schools, the positive rate (with problematic symptoms) are higher among the subjects who go to bed after 12:00 p.m., get up around 7:00 a.m., have poor feelings when they awake, and feel shortage of total sleep. Also, in the control group of 1060 preliminary school children (4-6^<th> grade), 1092 junior high school students (7-9^<th> grade), and 749 senior high school students (10-11^<th> grade), a strong association between the mood control scale and the dependency of TV watching and internet using is found. We can conclude that certain strong associations between mood control and several basic variables of school students' lifestyle exist.

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Grant amount：\13100000 （ Direct Cost: \13100000 ）

We have inquired into the education for drug abuse and AIDS prevention. Its investigations are based on the behavioral studies. They are basically motivated to pursue the effective method to prevent AIDS by the surveillance of Northern Thailand, Okinawa and Saitama.
The subjects are about 1,000 students and their parents in primary and secondary schools of Thailand. The Japanese are about 10,000 subjects that consist of the students and their parents. Their knowledge, attitude and behavior toward AIDS and drugs had been scrutinized. As a result, we summarize the following five arguments and findings.
1.The spread of AIDS in Thailand and its background
2.Education for condom and present condition of health instruction
3.The influence of traditional sense of values and attitude toward AIDS prevention
4.The interrelationship between drug abuse and AIDS and the related health education system
5.Multivariate factor structure on AIDS knowledge, attitude and behavior
These arguments elucidates that Thai adults' behaviors, which are related with AIDS and drug abuse, are highly influenced by local custom and traditional sense of values. Hence, the short term education run in public health is expected to bring about and actually brought about least improvement in this sphere. In contrast, the school health education enabled to raise the adult condom usage rate from 0% range to 10%. However, no sooner had the school health education weakened because of the declining tendency of AIDS epidemic than the condom usage rate fell to almost 0%. This phenomenon endorses the importance of the continuous school health education. School instruction of drug abuse is also effective. These problems are also related with juvenile delinquency. This study explicates that knowledge, attitude and way of thinking underlies these problems by using the multivariate analysis and the Item Response Theory.

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Grant amount：\7400000 （ Direct Cost: \7400000 ）

The abuse of the stimulant (ATS) which is called yaabaa in Thailand is a serious problem related to the fate of the country. Moreover, it is clear that it is very closely related to drug abuse and HIV infection. In addition, it has become a social issue with a dramatic increase in the number of children and youth substance abusers. Consequently, the Department of Education of Thailand has executed the "White school" plan for the eradication of such addictive drugs, offensive media coverage, and violence in the schools and help through the systematic activities of teachers, student's leaders, guardians, the police, and the leader in the region, etc. in promoting effective drug abuse prevention programs on a nationwide scale since the year 2000. In this research, the school in the Chiang Mai area where the "White school" plan has been promoted including the initiation of a urine test was mainly surveyed, and the following aspects were clarified ; 1. The students have much information about the drug ATS from association with their classes. 2. Because the number of drug abuse positive students has declined in the last seven years, the effect of the "White school" plan including the urine test is clearly positive. 3. Of the students, 14.3 percent experienced abuse of ATS. 4. The reasons for abuse of ATS were "Wanting to experiment with it" and "Influence of friends". 5. The causes of the abuse of the drug ATS for students who had experienced drug abuse were : "Recommendation by friends, companions, older, and younger peers" chiefly, "The dangers and harmful effects of drugs were unclear to the student", and "The drugs can be easily obtained". 6. The methods for preventing drug abuse which the students who abused ATS thought were important were "Becoming more absorbed in their hobbies", "Keeping a regular schedule". As for the causes of drug abuse, obtaining the drugs is easy because their friend's abuse drugs and the drug dealers are always near at hand and education concerning drugs is insufficient becomes clear from the interview records. The Prime Minister of Thailand is trying hard to control, prevent, treat, and rehabilitate people. Intervention for drug abuse also had a synergic effect in the "White school" plan of execution.

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Grant amount：\2000000 （ Direct Cost: \2000000 ）

本研究は、タイ国のチェンマイ県及びウボンラチャタニー県における調査で得たデータを用いて、タイ国児童・生徒の薬物乱用及び学校と家庭の役割の構造を明らかにし、薬物乱用防止教育の評価・改善を試みようとするものである。
北タイのエイズ問題が危機的状況にある中で、積極的にエイズ教育を行う一方、児童・生徒の薬物乱用知識・態度に対するタイ国独自の「ロンリエン・シー・カオ(白い学校)」と呼ばれる運動が実施されていることがわかった。特に保健省医療局北部薬物依存症治療センターでの推進事業と連係をとりながら、薬物依存症問題解決に対する研究と教育が官民を含めた関連局との共同作業によって実施されていることも明らかとなった。
薬物乱用知識・行動調査データの解析から得られた結果の一部は以下のとおりである。薬物に対して、「ダイエットや眠気覚ましに効果がある」、「1回使うくらいであれば、心や体への害はない」、「よい気持ちになれる」及び「かっこいい」等の印象をもち、かつ「使ったり、持っていたりするのは悪いことだ」、「心や体がぼろぼろになる」、「犯罪に巻き込まれる」、「1回でも使うと止められなくなる」等の印象をもたない回答者を薬物に対する肯定群、その逆の回答者を否定群とした結果を概観すると、高校生は中学生より肯定群が多かった。また、薬物使用・所持に対し、「法律により罰せられる」と回答した者を「犯罪意識有り」群、「1回使うくらいなら、罰せられることはない」、「使う目的があっても、持っているだけでは罰せられることはない」、「罰せられることはない」と回答した者を「犯罪意識無し」群として、薬物使用・所持に対する犯罪意識と薬物使用に対する考えについての比較を行った結果、「犯罪意識無し」群は「犯罪意識有り」群より薬物乱用に対する意識の稀薄さが顕著であることが明らかとなった。

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Grant amount：\2400000 （ Direct Cost: \2400000 ）

1. In recent years Japanese children lifestyle are progressing toward pattern of midnight lifestyle rapidly. In the junior high school students compared with 1955's their bedtime slows for about as many as two hours.
2. From 3,422 mother and child paired data, correlation coefficients between parents and child's lifestyle variables are statistically significant as follows to habits of going to bed, bathing method, awaking state, sleep time, getting up time, defecation and exercise. Mother and child lifestyle depends each other, and influences each other.
3. Correlation of the mother and child at point of view from frequency of having of unidentified symptoms are statistically significant.
4. The orthostatic dysregulation (schoolchildren who has the doubt of OD) was a few, but in the junior high school students, male were 18.2%, and girls were 29.7%. It is in the increasing tendency compared with the 1990s surveillance.
5. When time to have done the personal computer and video games exceeds 90 minutes, prevalence rates of the cerebral anemia and dizziness on standing position increased.
6. The OD symptoms deteriorates when time to have watched the television and the video exceeds four hours.
7. There is a tendency that the schoolchildren with short moving time are not easy to get up in the morning, and boys who exercises only by two hours or less a week tends to appeal for the tiredness feeling.
8. For the student with a little movement time, briskness in daily life is a low tendency.

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Grant amount：\2700000 （ Direct Cost: \2700000 ）

Since 1992, an ongoing research on the effects of electrification towards life and family-relation structures of local people has been held in a small village of North Thailand. After electrification at the end of 1996, a massive amount of external information flowed into the village through TV.Since then the villagers' consciousness, behavior, and values have been changing dynamically. During 1998-2000 FY, this research was supported by the Monbusho Grant-in-aid for scientific research. All the data collected by field surveys have been statistically analyzed and cleared interaction among the influential factors and its dynamism.
Effected by the social information development and the commodity of economical advancement, people and the community have been dramatically transfiguring. For the purpose of increasing their incomes, the villagers change working forms, such as going to urban areas, extra-work under electrified lights, etc. In the meantime, they have deepened their awareness of higher education. Consumer interest and higher education have caused the rapid mobility of villagers and the small-sized or dispersed families. According to the survey in October 2001, approximately 21.5 % of the villagers were out of their community for working or studying.
The results of the analysis have been published in academic journals, announced at scientific and educational meetings held both in Japan and Thailand, and submitted to both administrative and educational agents of the Thai Government.

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Grant amount：\2300000 （ Direct Cost: \2300000 ）

1. We have conducted to the field survey on the growth and nutritional status by age and sex of the Karen children who live at Tungloi village, Omkoi district, and the Hmong children who live at Chaomaeruang village, Maelim district, in Chiangmai province in Northern Thailand, and the Lao children who live at Nahkrasaem village, Det-Udon district in Ubonratchathani province, in Northeastern Thailand.
Their anthropometric dimension, physique and somatotypes, were measured and evaluated for about 3.000 chidldren, 7-18 years of age in the context of age and ethnic differences in distributions during childhood and adolescence.
In this present field survey, we have calculated these data with special reference to Lao's anthropometric mcsurements on 69 items, 7 to 18 years of age, and should publish the article on titled, Changes in Somatotype during Growth in Lao Children 7-18 Years of Age' in the next physcal year.
2. We have administered the interview and the questionnaire survey regarding the attitude toward HIV/AIDS in the same as above regions and ethnic groups.

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Grant amount：\1000000 （ Direct Cost: \1000000 ）

本研究は、山岳少数民族に対して活動を続けている民間の経済援助機関との密接な協力関係を活かして、タイ国チェンマイ県におけるサモン郡のメオ族、カレン族、リス族、メ-リム郡のカレン族、パオ郡のリス族を対象として、児童青少年の身体発育・発達とその背景となる生活状況や教育状況の調査を行い、様々な健康上、生活上、教育上の諸問題を明らかにすることを目的とした。
1993〜1995年にかけて、タイ国北部山岳地区ならびにチェンマイ市に於いて、発育発達と教育、生活環境調査及びエイズ知識調査を行った結果以下の結論を得たが、さらに詳細な解析を現在継続中である。
1.耐久消費財の普及品目数及び各品目の普及率比較から、山岳少数民族のカレン、メオ、リスの3族は、平地民の漢、タイの2族とはかけ離れた貧困な生活に甘んじていることが明かになった。
2.一世帯あたり耐久消費財の保有額については、各民族とも2極分化がみられた。なお、平地民では富裕層が多いが、山岳少数民族では貧困層が多数を占めていた。
3.父親の職業では、平地民は商店主、役人、経営者・管理職など、農業より比較的収入が高く、多様な職業についているのに対し、山岳少数民族では農業関連に集中していた。母親の職業でも父親のそれと似た傾向にあるが、平地民では専業主婦や無職が全体の1/4に達するのに対し、山岳少数民族では無職は皆無か極めてわずかで女性も生産労働に参加していた。
4.エイズ知識に関する質問項目の中で、男女の性交渉、母子感染、注射器の共用、血液を媒介とすることなどは比較的理解されていた。一方、基本的な病理知識を理解するまでには至っておらず、善行、因果応報、精霊信仰などの伝統的価値観が今だに根強いことがわかった。

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Grant amount：\2500000 （ Direct Cost: \2500000 ）

Recently we can observe many children suffering from Orthostatic Disregulation Syndrom with unidentified subjective symptoms. From our long range and wide scope observation on Japanese and Thai children, we have estimated the prevalence of OD by means of its screening test. The subjects were above 50,000 elementary and secondary school children in Japan and Thailand. The main findings of the survey were as follows.
1. we found out that frequency of OD increased more than that of 20 years ago. The prevalence rate of OD was 3.0% in the elementary school and 11%-17% in secondary school students, and there were vast regiomal differences of OD positive rate. It may be supposed that this highly OD positive rate has quite a little influence on their life-style.
2. According to the results, children's life-style made the great contribution to the OD positive rate.
3.40% of subjects have shown some autonomic signs and symptoms in morning hours.
4. Children's life-style has been incline to mid-night pattern of life-style and it accelerated their posittive OD rate.

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(1)7年度と8年度で検討されたCD-ROM教材を用いた教育実験方法によってエイズ教育の実験を東京、鳥取などのエイズ教育推進校の小、中学校で引き続いて行った。その際に、ビデオや従来型の授業との比較を行いCD-ROMによる教育効果を検討した。
(2)知識・態度尺度の標準化を検討した。
(3)CD-ROM教材に対する使用者の評価をもとに、教材の評価を行った。
(4)諸外国のエイズ教育情報と教材の収集と分析を行った。
(5)3年間の教育実験の成果を総括して、特にエイズ教育においてCD-ROM教材の有効性を確認した。

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Grant amount：\900000 （ Direct Cost: \900000 ）

タイ国北部山岳少数民族児童青少年の身体発育・発達の背景となる生活状況や教育状況については未知な点が多い。タイ国北部山岳少数民族の身体発育発達の評価と疾病、障害、低栄養状態などの評価およびその改善はタイ政府にとっての重大な急務であるが、データがわずかしか存在しないために対策は極めて立ち遅れている。本研究は、山岳少数民族に対して活動を続けている民間の経済援助機関との密接な協力関係を活かしてタイ国チェンマイ県におけるサモン郡のカレン族、メオ族、リス族、メ-リム郡のカレン族、パオ郡のリス族の調査を実施し、児童青少年の発育・発達とそれに伴う様々な健康上、生活上、教育上の諸問題を明らかにすることを目的とした。
1993〜1994年度にかけて、タイ国北部山岳地区に於て、発育発達と教育環境調査を行った結果を解析したところ、一部ではあるが以下のことが明らかになった。
1.電化率はモン族が14.3%、リス族が51.5%であり、水道普及率はモン族が30.2%カレン族16%、リス族10%と低率であった。また、耐久消費財保有については、テレビ、冷蔵庫、バイクなどについても低い値であり、生活は今だに便利であるとは言い難い状況であった。
2.医療行動では、ひどい病気をした場合でも、モン族やリス族はお供えやおはらいで治療を行う様子が伺えた。ひどい外傷の場合では、リス族におはらいをよくする特徴がみられた。また、軽い病気や外傷を自家製の薬で処理する傾向がみられた。
3.精霊信仰が強いことが認められ、特にリス族に顕著であった。
4.家族関係として、兄弟姉妹の数がタイ族と比較し多いことが認められ、中でもメオ属の兄弟姉妹数が最も多かった。
従って、山岳少数民族は生活が地理的、物資的に不便であることに加え、精霊信仰が強いことに関心を払うことが重要である。精霊信仰が教育、健康、生活習慣などに強い影響を及ぼしていると考えられる。

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Grant amount：\4200000 （ Direct Cost: \4200000 ）

In 1994,1995 and 1996, the Japan-China cooperative study team have sent from Japan to the field site of China, We have conducted a field-survey on the development and growth of children who live in mainland China, and collected a lot of data by minority ethnic groups and urban rural area as following items.
1. growth status (height, weight, chest circumference, sitting height, biacromal breadth, bicristal breadth), 2. nutritional status (skinfold fat), 3. motor performance (running, throwing, jumping), 4. physical fitness (vital capacity, muscle strength, blood pressure), 5. climate and ecological indexes. We have contributed five articles to scientific journals of United Nation and Japan.
According to these results, 1. An overall increasing secular trend during past four decade is apparent for body size of chinese children. 2. Wide variations of body size could be seen not only chinese children, but also minority ethnic groups in Yunnan province, and their body size correlated with ecological condition of temperature, precipitation, as well as altitude and longitude.
Because of the relative closed living environment and the inbreeding habit, the growth and developmental status of minority ethnic children were significantly inferior to those of the Han groups.

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Grant type：Competitive

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Grant type：Competitive

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Grant type：Competitive

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Grant amount：\2100000 （ Direct Cost: \2100000 ）

We have studied to estimate a positive rate of OD children of Japan and Thailand and proved a reliability of OD screening test (using the canonical discriminant function analysis) , and discussed an influence of socioecological condition on OD prevalence.
1. Total prevalence rates of OD of Thai children are 18.8% in boys and 25.9% in girls. The heighest rates are 40.9% from 12 years in boys and 40.0% from 15 years in girls. Japanese children's prevalence rates are lower than those of Thai children.
2. We found out that the prevalence rate of OD increased more than that of 20 years ago.
3. According to the advance of school grade, the prevalence rates tend to increase highly.
4. The results of canonical discriminant function analysis proved that the OD screening test is reliable.
5. Children's lifestyle in urban area have been tending toward a "Night oriented behavior" and its lifestyle cause a high prevalence rate of OD to children of Japan and in urban area of Thailand.

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Grant type：Competitive

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