記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Autophagy is one of the intracellular degradation pathways and maintains cellular homeostasis, regulating the stress response, cell proliferation, and signal transduction. To elucidate the role of autophagy in the maintenance of dental epithelial stem cells and the subsequent enamel formation, we analyzed autophagy-deficient mice in epithelial cells (Atg7f/f;KRT14-Cre mice), focusing on the influence of aging and stress environments. We also performed in vitro cell and organ culture experiments with an autophagy inhibitor. In young Atg7f/f;KRT14-Cre mice, morphological change was not obvious in maxillary incisors, except for the remarkable cell death in the stratum intermedium of the transitional stage. However, under stress conditions of hyperglycemia, the incisor color changed to white in diabetes Atg7f/f;KRT14-Cre mice. Regarding dental epithelial stem cells, the shape of the apical bud region of the incisor became irregular with age, and odontoma was formed in aged Atg7f/f;KRT14-Cre mice. In addition, the shape of apical bud culture cells of Atg7f/f;KRT14-Cre mice became irregular and enlarged atypically, with epigenetic changes during culture, suggesting that autophagy deficiency may induce tumorigenesis in dental epithelial cells. The epigenetic change and upregulation of p21 expression were induced by autophagy inhibition in vivo and in vitro. These findings suggest that autophagy is important for the regulation of stem cell maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation of ameloblast-lineage cells, and an autophagy disorder may induce tumorigenesis in odontogenic epithelial cells.

DOI： 10.1177/00220345231209931

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記述言語：英語  

BACKGROUND: Enamel knots and Hertwig epithelial root sheath (HERS) regulate the growth and folding of the dental epithelium, which subsequently determines the final form of tooth crown and roots. We would like to investigate the genetic etiology of seven patients affected with unique clinical manifestations, including multiple supernumerary cusps, single prominent premolars, and single-rooted molars. METHODS: Oral and radiographic examination and whole-exome or Sanger sequencing were performed in seven patients. Immunohistochemical study during early tooth development in mice was performed. RESULTS: A heterozygous variant (c. 865A>G; p.Ile289Val) in CACNA1S was identified in all the patients, but not in an unaffected family member and control. Immunohistochemical study showed high expression of Cacna1s in the secondary enamel knot. CONCLUSIONS: This CACNA1S variant seemed to cause impaired dental epithelial folding; too much folding in the molars and less folding in the premolars; and delayed folding (invagination) of HERS, which resulted in single-rooted molars or taurodontism. Our observation suggests that the mutation in CACNA1S might disrupt calcium influx, resulting in impaired dental epithelium folding, and subsequent abnormal crown and root morphology.

DOI： 10.3390/diagnostics13050895

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVES: The ciliopathies are a wide spectrum of human diseases, which are caused by perturbations in the function of primary cilia. Tooth enamel anomalies are often seen in ciliopathy patients; however, the role of primary cilia in enamel formation remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined mice with epithelial conditional deletion of the ciliary protein, Ift88, (Ift88fl / fl ;K14Cre). RESULTS: Ift88fl / fl ;K14Cre mice showed premature abrasion in molars. A pattern of enamel rods which is determined at secretory stage, was disorganized in Ift88 mutant molars. Many amelogenesis-related molecules expressing at the secretory stage, including amelogenin and ameloblastin, enamelin, showed significant downregulation in Ift88 mutant molar tooth germs. Shh signaling is essential for amelogenesis, which was found to be downregulated in Ift88 mutant molar at the secretory stage. Application of Shh signaling agonist at the secretory stage partially rescued enamel anomalies in Ift88 mutant mice. CONCLUSION: Findings in the present study indicate that the function of the primary cilia via Ift88 is critical for the secretory stage of amelogenesis through involving Shh signaling.

DOI： 10.1111/odi.14162

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Wnt signaling plays a critical role in the development of many organs, including the major movable craniofacial organs tongue, lip, and eyelid. Four members of the R-spondin family (Rspo1-4) bind to Lgr4/5/6 to regulate the activation of Wnt signaling. However, it is not fully understood how Rspos/Lgrs regulate Wnt signaling during the development of movable craniofacial organs. To address this question, we examined the expression of Rspos, Lgrs, and Axin2 (major mediator of canonical Wnt signaling) during tongue, lip, and eyelid development. The expression of Axin2, Rspos and Lgrs was observed in many similar regions, suggesting that Rspos likely activate canonical Wnt signaling through the Lgr-dependent pathway in these regions. Lgr expression was not detected in regions where Axin2 and Rspos were expressed, suggesting that Rspos might activate canonical Wnt signaling through the Lgr-independent pathway in these regions. In addition, the expression of Rspos and Lgrs were observed in some other regions where Axin2 was not expressed, suggesting the possibility that Rspos and/or Lgrs are involved in non-canonical Wnt signaling or the Wnt-independent pathway. Thus, we identified a dynamic spatiotemporal expression pattern of Rspos and Lgrs during the development of the eyelid, tongue, and lip.

DOI： 10.1016/j.gep.2021.119195

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Hh signaling has been shown to be activated in intact and injured peripheral nerve. However, the role of Hh signaling in peripheral nerve is not fully understood. In the present study, we observed that Hh signaling responsive cells [Gli1(+) cells] in both the perineurium and endoneurium. In the endoneurium, Gli1(+) cells were classified as blood vessel associated or non-associated. After injury, Gli1(+) cells around blood vessels mainly proliferated to then accumulate into the injury site along with endothelial cells. Hh signaling activity was retained in Gli1(+) cells during nerve regeneration. To understand the role of Hedgehog signaling in Gli1(+) cells during nerve regeneration, we examined mice with Gli1(+) cells-specific inactivation of Hh signaling (Smo cKO). After injury, Smo cKO mice showed significantly reduced numbers of accumulated Gli1(+) cells along with disorganized vascularization at an early stage of nerve regeneration, which subsequently led to an abnormal extension of the axon. Thus, Hh signaling in Gli1(+) cells appears to be involved in nerve regeneration through controlling new blood vessel formation at an early stage.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2021.06.003

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1111/joa.13328

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to investigate the molecular etiology of osteogenesis imperfecta type VIII and dental anomalies in 4 siblings of a Karen tribe family. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four patients and their unaffected parents were studied by clinical and radiographic examination. In situ hybridization of P3h1 during early murine tooth development, whole-exome sequencing, and Sanger direct sequencing were performed. RESULTS: A novel homozygous missense P3H1 mutation (NM_001243246.1; c.2141A>G; NP_001230175.1; p.Lys714Arg) was identified in all patients. Their unaffected parents were heterozygous for the mutation. The mutation is hypothesized to belong to isoform c of P3H1. Mutations in P3H1 are associated with autosomal recessive osteogenesis imperfecta type VIII. Hypodontia, a mesiodens, and single-rooted permanent second molars found in our patients have never been reported in patients with P3H1 mutations. Single-rooted second permanent molars or failure to form multiple roots implies effects of the P3H1 mutation on root development. CONCLUSIONS: We report a novel P3H1 mutation as the underlying cause of osteogenesis imperfecta type VIII with dental anomalies. Our study suggests that isoform c of P3H1 is also a functional isoform of P3H1. We report, for the first time, to our knowledge, the association of P3H1 mutation and osteogenesis imperfecta type VIII with dental anomalies.

DOI： 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.01.023

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

R2TP/PAQosome (particle for arrangement of quaternary structure) is a novel multisubunit chaperone specialized in the assembly/maturation of protein complexes that are involved in essential cellular processes such as PIKKs (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-like kinases) signaling, snoRNP (small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein) biogenesis, and RNAP II (RNA polymerase II) complex formation. In this review article, we describe the current understanding of R2TP/PAQosome functions and characteristics as well as how the chaperone complex is involved in oncogenesis, highlighting DNA damage response, mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway as well as snoRNP biogenesis. Also, we discuss its possible involvement in HNSCC (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma) including OSCC (oral squamous cell carcinoma). Finally, we provide an overview of current anti-cancer drug development efforts targeting R2TP/PAQosome.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jdsr.2019.08.001

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ajoms.2019.12.001

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVE: Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a hereditary disorder characterized by abnormal structures and functions of the ectoderm-derived organs, including teeth. HED patients exhibit a variety of dental symptoms, such as hypodontia. Although disruption of the EDA/EDAR/EDARADD/NF-κB pathway is known to be responsible for HED, it remains unclear whether this pathway is involved in the process of enamel formation. EXPERIMENTAL SUBJECTS AND METHODS: To address this question, we examined the mice overexpressing Ikkβ (an essential component required for the activation of NF-κB pathway) under the keratin 5 promoter (K5-Ikkβ). RESULTS: Upregulation of the NF-κB pathway was confirmed in the ameloblasts of K5-Ikkβ mice. Premature abrasion was observed in the molars of K5-Ikkβ mice, which was accompanied by less mineralized enamel. However, no significant changes were observed in the enamel thickness and the pattern of enamel rods in K5-Ikkβ mice. Klk4 expression was significantly upregulated in the ameloblasts of K5-Ikkβ mice at the maturation stage, and the expression of its substrate, amelogenin, was remarkably reduced. This suggests that abnormal enamel observed in K5-Ikkβ mice was likely due to the compromised degradation of enamel protein at the maturation stage. CONCLUSION: Therefore, we could conclude that the overactivation of the NF-κB pathway impairs the process of amelogenesis.

DOI： 10.1111/odi.13384

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Hedgehog (Hh) signaling has been shown to be involved in regulating both intact and injured peripheral nerves. Therefore, it is critical to understand how Hh signaling is regulated in the peripheral nerve. One of the transcription factors of the Hh signaling pathway, Gli3, functions as both a repressor and an activator of Hh signaling activity. However, it remains unclear whether Gli3 is involved in controlling the intact and/or injured peripheral nerves. We found that Gli3 act as a repressor in the Schwann cells (SCs) of intact sciatic nerves. Although Dhh and Ptch1 expression were present, Hh signaling was not activated in these SCs. Moreover, heterozygous Gli3 mutation (Gli3-/+) induced ectopic Hh signaling activity in SCs. Hh signaling was thus suppressed by Gli3 in the SCs of intact sciatic nerves. Minor morphological changes were observed in the intact nerves from Gli3-/+ mice. Gli3 expression was significantly decreased following injury and ligand expression switched from Dhh to Shh, which activated Hh signaling in SCs from wild-type mice. Changes of these ligands was found to be important for nerve regeneration in which the downregulation of Gli3 was also involved. In fact, Gli3-/+ mice exhibited accelerated ligand switching and subsequent nerve regeneration. Both suppression of Hh signaling with Gli3 in the intact nerves and activation of Hh signaling without Gli3 in the injured nerve were observed in the SCs in an autocrine manner. Thus, Gli3 is a key factor in the control of intact peripheral nerve homeostasis and nerve regeneration.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.02.036

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Juberg-Hayward syndrome (JHS; MIM 216100) is a rare autosomal recessive malformation syndrome, characterized by cleft lip/palate, microcephaly, ptosis, short stature, hypoplasia or aplasia of thumbs, and dislocation of radial head and fusion of humerus and radius leading to elbow restriction. OBJECTIVE: To report for the first time the molecular aetiology of JHS. PATIENT AND METHODS: Clinical and radiographic examination, whole exome sequencing, Sanger sequencing, mutant protein model construction, and in situ hybridization of Esco2 expression in mouse embryos were performed. RESULTS: Clinical findings of the patient consisted of repaired cleft lip/palate, microcephaly, ptosis, short stature, delayed bone age, hypoplastic fingers and thumbs, clinodactyly of the fifth fingers, and humeroradial synostosis leading to elbow restriction. Intelligence is normal. Whole exome sequencing of the whole family showed a novel homozygous base substitution c.1654C>T in ESCO2 of the proband. The sister was homozygous for the wildtype variant. Parents were heterozygous for the mutation. The mutation is predicted to cause premature stop codon p.Arg552Ter. Mutations in ESCO2, a gene involved in cohesin complex formation, are known to cause Roberts/SC phocomelia syndrome. Roberts/SC phocomelia syndrome and JHS share similar clinical findings, including autosomal recessive inheritance, short stature, cleft lip/palate, severe upper limb anomalies, and hypoplastic digits. Esco2 expression during the early development of lip, palate, eyelid, digits, upper limb, and lower limb and truncated protein model are consistent with the defect. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that Roberts/SC phocomelia syndrome and JHS are allelic and distinct entities. This is the first report demonstrating that mutation in ESCO2 causes JHS, a cohesinopathy.

DOI： 10.1093/ejo/cjaa023

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記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1111/1346-8138.15333

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Periodic patterning of iterative structures is diverse across the animal kingdom. Clarifying the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of these structures helps to elucidate the genetic commonality of developmental processes, as organs with these structures are believed to share the same molecular mechanisms and fundamental processes. Palatal rugae are periodic corrugated structures on the hard palate and are conserved in all mammals. Although the numbers and patterns of the palatal rugae are species specific, they are consistent in each mammalian species, except humans. HIGHLIGHT: Palatal rugae development is thus under strict genetic control in most mammals and is an excellent model to investigate the genetic commonality of developmental processes to form periodic patterning. CONCLUSION: This review highlights the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of palatal rugae development.

DOI： 10.1016/j.job.2019.12.002

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The mandible is a crucial organ in both clinical and biological fields due to the high frequency of congenital anomalies and the significant morphological changes during evolution. Primary cilia play a critical role in many biological processes, including the determination of left/right axis patterning, the regulation of signaling pathways, and the formation of bone and cartilage. Perturbations in the function of primary cilia are known to cause a wide spectrum of human diseases: the ciliopathies. Craniofacial dysmorphologies, including mandibular deformity, are often seen in patients with ciliopathies. Mandibular development is characterized by chondrogenesis and osteogenesis; however, the role of primary cilia in mandibular development is not fully understood. To address this question, we generated mice with mesenchymal deletions of the ciliary protein, Ift88 (Ift88fl/fl ;Wnt1Cre). Ift88fl/fl ;Wnt1Cre mice showed ectopic mandibular bone formation, whereas Ift88 mutant mandible was slightly shortened. Meckel's cartilage was modestly expanded in Ift88fl/fl ;Wnt1Cre mice. The downregulation of Hh signaling was found in most of the mesenchyme of Ift88 mutant mandible. However, mice with a mesenchymal deletion of an essential molecule for Hh signaling activity, Smo (Smofl/fl ;Wnt1Cre), showed only ectopic mandibular formation, whereas Smo mutant mandible was significantly shortened. Ift88 is thus involved in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis during mandibular development, partially through regulating Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling.

DOI： 10.1111/joa.13096

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Periodic patterning of iterative structures is a fundamental process during embryonic development, since these structures are diverse across the animal kingdom. Therefore, elucidating the molecular mechanisms in the formation of these structures promotes understanding of the process of organogenesis. Periodically patterned ridges, palatal rugae (situated on the hard palate of mammals), are an excellent experimental model to clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of periodic patterning of iterative structures. Primary cilia are involved in many biological events, including the regulation of signaling pathways such as Shh and non-canonical Wnt signaling. However, the role of primary cilia in the development of palatal rugae remains unclear. We found that primary cilia were localized to the oral cavity side of the interplacode epithelium of the palatal rugae, whereas restricted localization of primary cilia could not be detected in other regions. Next, we generated mice with a placodal conditional deletion of the primary cilia protein Ift88, using ShhCre mice (Ift88 fl/fl;ShhCre). Highly disorganized palatal rugae were observed in Ift88 fl/fl;ShhCre mice. Furthermore, by comparative in situ hybridization analysis, many Shh and non-canonical Wnt signaling-related molecules showed spatiotemporal expression patterns during palatal rugae development, including restricted expression in the epithelium (placodes and interplacodes) and mesenchyme. Some of these expression were found to be altered in Ift88 fl/fl;ShhCre mice. Primary cilia is thus involved in development of palatal rugae.

DOI： 10.1016/j.gep.2019.119062

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Tooth cusp is a crucial structure, since the shape of the molar tooth is determined by number, shape, and size of the cusp. Bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) signaling is known to play a critical role in tooth development, including in initiation. However, it remains unclear whether Bmp signaling is also involved in cusp formation. To address this question, we examined cusp in two different transgenic mouse lines: mice with overexpression of Bmp4 (K14-Bmp4), and those with Bmp inhibitor, Noggin, (K14-Noggin) under keratin14 (K14) promoter. K14-Noggin mice demonstrated extra cusps, whereas reduced number of cusps was observed in K14-Bmp4 mice. To further understand how Bmps are expressed during cusp formation, we performed whole-mount in situ hybridisation analysis of three major Bmps (Bmp2, Bmp4, and Bmp7) in murine maxillary and mandibular molars from E14.5 to P3. The linear expressions of Bmp2 and Bmp4 were observed in both maxillary and mandibular molars at E14.5. The expression patterns of Bmp2 and Bmp4 became significantly different between the maxillary and mandibular molars at E16.5. At P3, all Bmps were expressed in all the cusp regions of the maxillary molar; however, the patterns differed. All Bmps thus exhibited dynamic temporo-spatial expression during the cusp formation. It could therefore be inferred that Bmp signaling is involved in regulating cusp formation.

DOI： 10.1016/j.gep.2019.04.002

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVE: The development of the maxillary bone is under strict molecular control because of its complicated structure. Primary cilia play a critical role in craniofacial development, since defects in primary cilia are known to cause congenital craniofacial dysmorphologies as a wide spectrum of human diseases: the ciliopathies. The primary cilia also are known to regulate bone formation. However, the role of the primary cilia in maxillary bone development is not fully understood. DESIGN: To address this question, we generated mice with a mesenchymal conditional deletion ofIft88 using the Wnt1Cre mice (Ift88fl/fl;Wnt1Cre). The gene Ift88 encodes a protein that is required for the function and formation of primary cilia. RESULTS: It has been shown thatIft88fl/fl;Wnt1Cre mice exhibit cleft palate. Here, we additionally observed excess bone formation in the Ift88 mutant maxillary process. We also found ectopic apoptosis in the Ift88 mutant maxillary process at an early stage of development. To investigate whether the ectopic apoptosis is related to the Ift88 mouse maxillary phenotypes, we generated Ift88fl/fl;Wnt1Cre;p53-/- mutants to reduce apoptosis. The Ift88fl/fl;Wnt1Cre;p53-/- mice showed no excess bone formation, suggesting that the cells evading apoptosis by the presence of Ift88 in wild-type mice limit bone formation in maxillary development. On the other hand, the palatal cleft was retained in the Ift88fl/fl;Wnt1Cre;p53-/- mice, indicating that the excess bone formation or abnormal apoptosis was independent of the cleft palate phenotype in Ift88 mutant mice. CONCLUSIONS: Ift88 limits bone formation in the maxillary process by suppressing apoptosis.

DOI： 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.02.017

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Mandibular prognathism is characterized by a prognathic or prominent mandible. The objective of this study was to find the gene responsible for mandibular prognathism. Whole exome sequencing analysis of a Thai family (family 1) identified the ADAMTSL1 c.176C>A variant as the potential defect. We cross-checked our exome data of 215 people for rare variants in ADAMTSL1 and found that the c.670C>G variant was associated with mandibular prognathism in families 2 and 4. Mutation analysis of ADAMTSL1 in 79 unrelated patients revealed the c.670C>G variant was also found in family 3. We hypothesize that mutations in ADAMTSL1 cause failure to cleave aggrecan in the condylar cartilage, and that leads to overgrowth of the mandible. Adamtsl1 is strongly expressed in the condensed mesenchymal cells of the mouse condyle, but not at the cartilage of the long bones. This explains why the patients with ADAMTSL1 mutations had abnormal mandibles but normal long bones. This is the first report that mutations in ADAMTSL1 are responsible for the pathogenesis of mandibular prognathism.

DOI： 10.1111/cge.13519

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Neuroma formation at sites of injury can impair peripheral nerve regeneration. Although the involvement of semaphorin 3A has been suggested in neuroma formation, this detailed process after injury is not fully understood. This study was therefore undertaken to examine the effects of semaphorin 3A on peripheral nerve regeneration during the early stage after injury. Immunohistochemistry for semaphorin 3A and PGP9.5, a general neuronal marker, was carried out for clarify chronological changes in their expressions after transection of the mouse inferior alveolar nerve thorough postoperative days 1 to 7. At postoperative day 1, the proximal stump of the damaged IAN exhibited semaphorin 3A, while the distal stump lacked any immunoreactivity. From this day on, its expression lessened, ultimately disappearing completely in all regions of the transected inferior alveolar nerve. A local administration of an antibody to semaphorin 3A into the nerve transection site at postoperative day 3 inhibited axon sprouting at the injury site. This antibody injection increased the number of trigeminal ganglion neurons labeled with DiI (paired t-test, p < 0.05). Immunoreactivity of the semaphorin 3A receptor, neuropilin-1, was also detected at the proximal stump at postoperative day 1. These results suggest that nerve injury initiates semaphorin 3A production in ganglion neurons, which is then delivered through the nerve fibers to the proximal end, thereby contributes to the inhibition of axonal sprouting from the proximal region of injured nerves in the distal direction. To our knowledge, this is the first report to reveal the involvement of Sema3A in the nerve regeneration process at its early stage.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-018-37819-6

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: The timing, location, and level of gene expression are crucial for normal organ development, because morphogenesis requires strict genetic control. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding small single-stranded RNAs that play a critical role in regulating gene expression level. Although miRNAs are known to be involved in many biological events, the role of miRNAs in organogenesis is not fully understood. Mammalian eyelids fuse and separate during development and growth. In mice, failure of this process results in the eye-open at birth (EOB) phenotype. RESULTS: It has been shown that conditional deletion of mesenchymal Dicer (an essential protein for miRNA processing; Dicer fl/fl ;Wnt1Cre) leads to the EOB phenotype with full penetrance. Here, we identified that the up-regulation of Wnt signaling resulted in the EOB phenotype in Dicer mutants. Down-regulation of Fgf signaling observed in Dicer mutants was caused by an inverse relationship between Fgf and Wnt signaling. Shh and Bmp signaling were down-regulated as the secondary effects in Dicer fl/fl ;Wnt1Cre mice. Wnt, Shh, and Fgf signaling were also found to mediate the epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in eyelid development. CONCLUSIONS: miRNAs control eyelid development through Wnt. Developmental Dynamics 248:201-210, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

DOI： 10.1002/dvdy.10

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.12.051

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.4236/ojst.2018.82005

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.7150/ijbs.23517

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Periodic patterning of iterative structures is diverse across the animal kingdom. Clarifying the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of these structure helps to elucidate the process of organogenesis. Turing-type reaction-diffusion mechanisms have been shown to play a critical role in regulating periodic patterning in organogenesis. Palatal rugae are periodically patterned ridges situated on the hard palate of mammals. We have previously shown that the palatal rugae develop by a Turing-type reaction-diffusion mechanism, which is reliant upon Shh (as an inhibitor) and Fgf (as an activator) signaling for appropriate organization of these structures. The disturbance of Shh and Fgf signaling lead to disorganized palatal rugae. However, the mechanism itself is not fully understood. Here we found that Lrp4 (transmembrane protein) was expressed in a complementary pattern to Wise (a secreted BMP antagonist and Wnt modulator) expression in palatal rugae development, representing Lrp4 expression in developing rugae and Wise in the inter-rugal epithelium. Highly disorganized palatal rugae was observed in both Wise and Lrp4 mutant mice, and these mutants also showed the downregulation of Shh signaling, which was accompanied with upregulation of Fgf signaling. Wise and Lrp4 are thus likely to control palatal rugae development by regulating reaction-diffusion mechanisms through Shh and Fgf signaling. We also found that Bmp and Wnt signaling were partially involved in this mechanism.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0204126

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The tongue is a critical organ, involved in functions such as speaking, swallowing, mastication, and degustation. Although Sox genes are known to play critical roles in many biological processes, including organogenesis, the expression of the Sox family members during tongue development remains unclear. We therefore performed a comparative in situ hybridization analysis of 17 Sox genes (Sox1-14, 17, 18, and 21) during murine tongue development. Sox2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 21 were found to be expressed in the tongue epithelium, whereas Sox2, 4-6, 8-11, 13, and 21 showed expression in the mesenchyme of the developing tongue. Expression of Sox1, 4, 6, 8-12, and 21 were observed in the developing tongue muscle. Sox5 and 13 showed expression only at E12, while Sox1 expression was observed only on E18. Sox6, 8, 9, and 12 showed expression at several stages. Although the expression of Sox2, 4, 10, 11, and 21 was detected during all the four stages of tongue development, their expression patterns differed among the stages. We thus identified a dynamic spatiotemporal expression pattern of the Sox genes during murine tongue development. To understand whether Sox genes are involved in the development of other craniofacial organs through similar roles to those in tongue development, we also examined the expression of Sox genes in eyelid primordia, which also contain epithelium, mesenchyme, and muscle. However, expression patterns and timing of Sox genes differed between tongue and eyelid development. Sox genes are thus related to organogenesis through different functions in each craniofacial organ.

DOI： 10.1155/2018/1601363

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Peripheral nerve injury has been suggested to up-regulate mRNA for the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which enhances nerve regeneration. VEGF is known to regulate angiogenesis by binding with a specific receptor, the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR). However, little is known about the involvement of VEGF-VEGFR signaling in the nerve regeneration at early stages though previous studies contained a lengthy observation. The present study examined that relationship between angiogenesis and peripheral nerve regeneration at the early stage after nerve transection by focusing on the chronological changes in the expression patterns of VEGF-VEGFR signaling. This study used our previously reported experimental model for nerve regeneration following the transection of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) in mice. In a double staining of PGP9.5 and CD31, respective markers for the nerve fibers and endothelial cells, CD31 immunoreactions first appeared in the injury site on postoperative (PO) day 2 when the transected nerve fibers had not been re-connected. The most intense immunoreaction for CD31 was found around the regenerating nerve fibers extending from the proximal stump on PO day 3, but it gradually lessened to disappear by PO day 7. The expression patterns of VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 showed similar chronological changes through the observation periods, with most intense immunoreaction found on PO day 3. Western blotting of total protein extracted from the injury site demonstrated the clear bands for VEGF-A and VEGF-B on PO day 2, indicating a time lag for the expression of ligands and receptors. A local administration of antibody to VEGF-A inhibited the elongation of the nerve fibers from the proximal stump. Furthermore, this administration of VEGF-A antibody inhibited the expression of CD31 in the gap between proximal and distal stumps. These results indicated that a nerve injury initiates productions in VEGF-A and VEFG-B, followed with the expression of VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 at early stages after the nerve injury. Taken these findings together, it is reasonable to postulate that immediate response of VEGF-VEGFR signaling to nerve injury plays a crucial role in local angiogenesis, resulting in a trigger for the regeneration of the nerve fibers in mouse IAN.

DOI： 10.2220/biomedres.39.287

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ejmg.2017.09.005

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.oooo.2017.05.472

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1111/odi.12663

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1038/jhg.2017.37

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1002/DVDY.24427

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.gep.2016.05.002

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1093/hmg/ddw107

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1111/joa.12426

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1177/0022034515608168

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Codon Publications  

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is an inherited disorder characterized by the presence of multiple cysts in kidneys. ADPKD has been shown to be caused by mutations in the genes of PKD1 and PKD2, encoding polycystin-1 (PC1) and polycystin-2 (PC2), respectively. Polycystins are localized in primary cilia that play roles in multiple biological processes including mechanoreception, Ca2+ influx and cell signalling pathways. Primary cilia are known to play important roles in regulating craniofacial development and growth. In this chapter, we summarize the function of Pkd1 and Pkd2 in controlling mouse craniofacial development and growth, and discuss PKD-associated molecular mechanisms.

DOI： 10.15586/codon.pkd.2015

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1177/0022034514556707

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1387/ijdb.150192ao

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ejmg.2014.09.006

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記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1002/ar.22997

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)歯科基礎医学会  

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記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1002/ajmg.a.36579

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1002/dvdy.24124

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.gep.2014.04.002

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1002/ajpa.22263

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1098/rspb.2012.2670

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1093/hmg/ddt041

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1186/1741-7007-11-27

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1177/0022034512470830

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1002/dvdy.23831

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1002/ajmg.a.35488

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0043857

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1002/dvdy.23828

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1093/ejo/cjr049

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.11.014

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.02.009

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1002/ajmg.a.35264

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1038/ng.1090

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DOI： 10.1007/978-1-61779-860-3_1

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1073/pnas.1112801108

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.04.027

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1002/ajmg.a.33984

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01352.x

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0018410

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記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1002/ajmg.a.33372

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1002/dvg.20634

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.gep.2010.03.004

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1073/pnas.0907236107

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1242/dev.027979

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Japanese Association for Oral Biology  

DOI： 10.2330/joralbiosci.51.193

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記述言語：英語  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0004092

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1002/dvdy.21311

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1002/dvdy.21001

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.11607/prd.00.0683

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1177/154405910508400704

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記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1016/j.gde.2004.07.008

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1177/154405910408300702

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1177/154405910408300311

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/S1534-5807(04)00024-3

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1002/dvdy.10400

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DOI： 10.11516/dentalmedres1981.24.39

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/S1567-133X(03)00028-0

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1034/j.1600-0765.2003.01607.x

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1002/dvdy.10168

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1902/jop.2001.72.3.314

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