Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口蓋裂学会  

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BACKGROUND: Craniofacial disharmony in cases of jaw deformity associated with abnormal lateral deviation of the jaw mostly involves both the maxilla and mandible. However, it has been still difficult to capture the jaw deviation aspect in a 3-dimensional and quantitative techniques. In this study, we focused on 3-dimensional mandibular morphology and position of the condylar head in relation to the base of the skull in patients with mandibular prognathism, one of the most common jaw deformities. We used cluster analysis to quantify and classify deviation and clarified its characteristics. We also investigated the degree of correlation between those findings and menton (Me) deviation measured on frontal cephalograms, which is a conventional indicator of jaw deformity. RESULTS: Findings obtained from 100 patients (35 men, 65 women) were classified into the following three groups based on mandibular morphology and condylar position relative to the skull base. Then, reclassification using these parameters enabled classification of cluster analysis findings into seven groups based on abnormal jaw deviation characteristics. Comparison among these seven groups showed that the classification criteria were ramus height, mandibular body length, distance from the gonion to the apex of the coronoid process, and the lateral and vertical positions of the mandible. Weak correlation was also found between Me deviation on frontal cephalograms and each of the above parameters measured on 3D images. CONCLUSIONS: Focusing on mandibular morphology and condylar position relative to the skull base in patients with mandibular prognathism, we used cluster analysis to quantify and classify jaw deviation. The present results showed that the 3D characteristics of the mandible based on mandibular morphology and condylar position relative to the skull base can be classified into seven groups. Further, we clarified that Me deviation on frontal cephalograms, which has been used to date, is inadequate for capturing jaw deviation characteristics.

DOI： 10.1186/s40902-023-00372-y

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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine if the change in technique of soft palate closure or timing of hard palatal repair induced occlusal changes in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (CUCLP). DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTINGS: A medical and dental hospital in Japan. SUBJECTS: A total of 96 patients with CUCLP treated with 2-stage palatoplasty were included in the study and categorized into 3 groups (G1, G2, and G3) according to the protocol used. INTERVENTIONS: G1 underwent soft palate repair using Perko method at 1.5 years of age and hard palate repair using vomer flap procedure at 5.5 years of age. Furlow method was used for soft palate repair in G2 at 1.5 years of age and hard palate repair using vomer flap procedure at 5.5 years of age. The Furlow method was used to repair the soft palate in G3 at 1.5 years of age and vomer flap procedure was used to repair the hard palate at 4 years of age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Two evaluators assessed the dental arch relationship using the modified Huddart/Bodenham (mHB) index on 2 separate occasions. RESULTS: Intra- (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]: 0.962) and inter-examiner (ICC: 0.950) reliability showed very good agreement. The frequency of crossbite present in the major and minor segments gradually decreased with each change in protocol. Mean segmental scores showed no significant difference between 3 protocols (P > .05). Good inter-arch alignment occurred with all 3 surgical protocols (G1:82.6%, G2:89.8%, and G3:91.7%). CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference in the dental arch relationship outcomes between the 3 surgical protocols. The dentition status was comparable with all surgical protocols, even after the changes.

DOI： 10.1177/10556656221093293

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OBJECTIVES: The ciliopathies are a wide spectrum of human diseases, which are caused by perturbations in the function of primary cilia. Tooth enamel anomalies are often seen in ciliopathy patients; however, the role of primary cilia in enamel formation remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined mice with epithelial conditional deletion of the ciliary protein, Ift88, (Ift88fl / fl ;K14Cre). RESULTS: Ift88fl / fl ;K14Cre mice showed premature abrasion in molars. A pattern of enamel rods which is determined at secretory stage, was disorganized in Ift88 mutant molars. Many amelogenesis-related molecules expressing at the secretory stage, including amelogenin and ameloblastin, enamelin, showed significant downregulation in Ift88 mutant molar tooth germs. Shh signaling is essential for amelogenesis, which was found to be downregulated in Ift88 mutant molar at the secretory stage. Application of Shh signaling agonist at the secretory stage partially rescued enamel anomalies in Ift88 mutant mice. CONCLUSION: Findings in the present study indicate that the function of the primary cilia via Ift88 is critical for the secretory stage of amelogenesis through involving Shh signaling.

DOI： 10.1111/odi.14162

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Cleft Palate Association  

The Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital （“our department”） has been treating cleft lip and palate with a team approach and consistent management system since its establishment in 1974. We have been using the two-stage palatoplasty with Hotz plate （“two-stage method”） since 1983. The surgical protocol has been changed twice in the past in order to improve speech outcomes. Although we have reported the improvement of treatment results based on speech evaluation and morphological analysis of the maxillary dentition model, we have not examined the results from the perspective of occlusion. In this study, we evaluated the occlusal relationship using the 5-year-olds’ index, and examined the validity of the two surgical protocol revisions.
<br>In this study, 97 patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate treated at our department were included. The 97 cases were classified according to the technique used for repairing the soft palate and the timing of hard palate closure:
<br>（1） Group P＋5: 23 patients who received soft palate closure by the Perko method at 1.5 years of age and hard palate closure with Vomer flap surgery at 5.5 years of age between 1996 and 2009,
<br>（2） Group F＋5: 49 patients who received soft palate closure by the modified Furlow method at 1.5 years of age for repair of the soft palate and hard palate closure with Vomer flap at 5.5 years of age between 1996 and 2009, and
<br>（3） Group F＋4: 25 patients who received soft palate closure by the modified Furlow method at 1.5 years of age and hard palate closure with Vomer flap at 4 years of age between 2010 and 2017.
<br>The results of the occlusion evaluation using the 5-year-olds’ index were as follows: 2.65 （P＋5 group）, 2.77 （F＋5 group）, and 2.80 （F＋4 group）, and there were no significant differences among the groups by the t-test.
<br>These results indicate that the change in surgical protocol at our department has helped improve the therapeutic results of the two-stage method with Hotz plate, since a good occlusal relationship was maintained among the groups, which is known to be a characteristic of the two-stage method, in addition to the reported improvement in speech outcomes.

DOI： 10.11224/cleftpalate.47.200

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟歯学会  

新潟大学医歯学総合病院矯正歯科において、2005年1月1日から2017年12月31日までの13年間に来院した初診患者の動向について統計調査を行った。調査項目は年度別来院患者数、年齢分布、性別、居住区域、紹介の有無とし、当科で治療管理を開始した新規登録患者のうち永久歯列期の治療(第二期治療)を開始した患者については、Angle分類、overjet、overbiteを調査した。その結果:1.調査期間中の初診患者数は5,269名で、年間平均患者数は約405名であった。そのうち当科で治療管理を開始した新規登録患者は約70.0%にあたる3,673名で1年間の平均は約283名であった。男女比はいずれも2:3で女性がやや多かった。2.年齢分布は、男女ともに初診患者では10歳代が最も多く、新規登録患者で男性は10歳未満、女性は10歳代が最も多かった。男女比はいずれの年代でも女性の方が多く、その割合は年齢が上がるほど高くなった。3.居住区域は新潟市が最も多かったが、顎変形症患者や口唇裂・口蓋裂患者では一般矯正患者と比較して遠方でも来院する傾向を認めた。4.新規登録患者において、一般矯正歯科治療が65.9%、顎変形症が16.3%、口唇裂・口蓋裂は12.4%、限局矯正治療が5.4%であった。5.紹介患者は全体で61.8%であり、顎変形症患者および口唇裂・口蓋裂患者は、それぞれ77.9%、98.3%であった。6.第二期治療を開始した患者は、Angle分類ではClass IIが最も多く、以下Class I、Class IIIの順であった。Overjetについては、+5.0mm以上の患者が38.4%、切端咬合および下顎前突の患者は9.5%であった。Overbiteは+5.0mm以上が10.3%、-0.1mm以下は8.4%であった。(著者抄録)

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ajoms.2021.08.016

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Hh signaling has been shown to be activated in intact and injured peripheral nerve. However, the role of Hh signaling in peripheral nerve is not fully understood. In the present study, we observed that Hh signaling responsive cells [Gli1(+) cells] in both the perineurium and endoneurium. In the endoneurium, Gli1(+) cells were classified as blood vessel associated or non-associated. After injury, Gli1(+) cells around blood vessels mainly proliferated to then accumulate into the injury site along with endothelial cells. Hh signaling activity was retained in Gli1(+) cells during nerve regeneration. To understand the role of Hedgehog signaling in Gli1(+) cells during nerve regeneration, we examined mice with Gli1(+) cells-specific inactivation of Hh signaling (Smo cKO). After injury, Smo cKO mice showed significantly reduced numbers of accumulated Gli1(+) cells along with disorganized vascularization at an early stage of nerve regeneration, which subsequently led to an abnormal extension of the axon. Thus, Hh signaling in Gli1(+) cells appears to be involved in nerve regeneration through controlling new blood vessel formation at an early stage.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2021.06.003

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Wnt signaling plays a critical role in the development of many organs, including the major movable craniofacial organs tongue, lip, and eyelid. Four members of the R-spondin family (Rspo1-4) bind to Lgr4/5/6 to regulate the activation of Wnt signaling. However, it is not fully understood how Rspos/Lgrs regulate Wnt signaling during the development of movable craniofacial organs. To address this question, we examined the expression of Rspos, Lgrs, and Axin2 (major mediator of canonical Wnt signaling) during tongue, lip, and eyelid development. The expression of Axin2, Rspos and Lgrs was observed in many similar regions, suggesting that Rspos likely activate canonical Wnt signaling through the Lgr-dependent pathway in these regions. Lgr expression was not detected in regions where Axin2 and Rspos were expressed, suggesting that Rspos might activate canonical Wnt signaling through the Lgr-independent pathway in these regions. In addition, the expression of Rspos and Lgrs were observed in some other regions where Axin2 was not expressed, suggesting the possibility that Rspos and/or Lgrs are involved in non-canonical Wnt signaling or the Wnt-independent pathway. Thus, we identified a dynamic spatiotemporal expression pattern of Rspos and Lgrs during the development of the eyelid, tongue, and lip.

DOI： 10.1016/j.gep.2021.119195

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY  

Mandibular anomalies are often seen in various congenital diseases, indicating that mandibular development is under strict molecular control. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in mandibular development. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding small single-stranded RNAs that play a critical role in regulating the level of gene expression. We found that the mesenchymal conditional deletion of miRNAs arising from a lack of Dicer (an essential molecule for miRNA processing, Dicerfl / fl ;Wnt1Cre), led to an abnormal groove formation at the distal end of developing mandibles. At E10.5, when the region forms, inhibitors of Hh signaling, Ptch1 and Hhip1 showed increased expression at the region in Dicer mutant mandibles, while Gli1 (a major mediator of Hh signaling) was significantly downregulated in mutant mandibles. These suggest that Hh signaling was downregulated at the distal end of Dicer mutant mandibles by increased inhibitors. To understand whether the abnormal groove formation inDicer mutant mandibles was caused by the downregulation of Hh signaling, mice with a mesenchymal deletion of Hh signaling activity arising from a lack of Smo (an essential molecule for Hh signaling activation, Smofl / fl ;Wnt1Cre) were examined. Smofl / fl ;Wnt1Cre mice showed a similar phenotype in the distal region of their mandibles to those in Dicerfl / fl ;Wnt1Cre mice. We also found that approximately 400 miRNAs were expressed in wild-type mandibular mesenchymes at E10.5, and six microRNAs were identified as miRNAs with binding potential against both Ptch1 and Hhip1. Their expressions at the distal end of the mandible were confirmed by in situ hybridization. This indicates that microRNAs regulate the distal part of mandibular formation at an early stage of development by involving Hh signaling activity through controlling its inhibitor expression level.

DOI： 10.1111/joa.13328

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY  

OBJECTIVE: Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a hereditary disorder characterized by abnormal structures and functions of the ectoderm-derived organs, including teeth. HED patients exhibit a variety of dental symptoms, such as hypodontia. Although disruption of the EDA/EDAR/EDARADD/NF-κB pathway is known to be responsible for HED, it remains unclear whether this pathway is involved in the process of enamel formation. EXPERIMENTAL SUBJECTS AND METHODS: To address this question, we examined the mice overexpressing Ikkβ (an essential component required for the activation of NF-κB pathway) under the keratin 5 promoter (K5-Ikkβ). RESULTS: Upregulation of the NF-κB pathway was confirmed in the ameloblasts of K5-Ikkβ mice. Premature abrasion was observed in the molars of K5-Ikkβ mice, which was accompanied by less mineralized enamel. However, no significant changes were observed in the enamel thickness and the pattern of enamel rods in K5-Ikkβ mice. Klk4 expression was significantly upregulated in the ameloblasts of K5-Ikkβ mice at the maturation stage, and the expression of its substrate, amelogenin, was remarkably reduced. This suggests that abnormal enamel observed in K5-Ikkβ mice was likely due to the compromised degradation of enamel protein at the maturation stage. CONCLUSION: Therefore, we could conclude that the overactivation of the NF-κB pathway impairs the process of amelogenesis.

DOI： 10.1111/odi.13384

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© 2020 Japanese Stomatological Society Purpose: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is generally more common in men than in women, so many studies have only involved male OSA patients as subjects. However, a certain proportion of OSA patients are female, and few studies have addressed this population. Maxillofacial morphology and obesity are now being shown to be intimately connected with OSA, but the details remain unclear. The objective of this retrospective study was to identify the clinical features of OSA in men and women of different ages, with a focus on maxillofacial morphology and body mass index (BMI). Methods: The subjects comprised 112 patients (56 men and 56 women) randomly selected from adult patients in the Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital. We investigated the results of lateral cephalogram measurements and polysomnography (PSG) conducted before the start of OSA treatment. We then divided the patients by age (with 50 years as the cutoff value) and sex, and performed statistical comparisons among these four groups. Results: The findings showed that the hyoid bone was lower in men aged ≥50 compared with <50, and the cross-sectional area of the tongue was larger. This suggested that aging changes in maxillofacial morphology may be a risk factor in men. In women, however, only slight morphological differences were found between the two age groups. Conclusions: This comparative study of sex and age groups in OSA patients suggests that the different groups have different clinical characteristics and may have different risk factors for developing OSA.

DOI： 10.1002/osi2.1061

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© 2020 Elsevier Inc. Osteoclast and osteoblast are essential for proper bone development and remodeling as well as recovery of bone fracture. In this study, we seek chemical compounds that enhance turnover of bone metabolism for promoting bone healing. First, we screen a chemical library which includes 378 compounds by using murine pre-osteoclastic RAW264.7 cells to identify compounds that promote osteoclastic differentiation. We find that two ROCK (Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase) inhibitors, HA-1077 (Fasudil) and Y-27632, enhance osteoclastogenesis. Subsequently, we identify that these two compounds also increase osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Finally, our in vivo experiment shows that the local administration of ROCK inhibitors accelerate the bone healing of the rat calvarial defect.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.033

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SCIENTIFIC SCHOLAR LLC  

Objectives: The objective of the study was to clarify the changes in vermilion lip morphology following orthodontic treatment in Japanese patients with Class II maxillary protrusion.Materials and Methods: The subjects were 15 adult women diagnosed as having Angle Class II maxillary protrusion who had undergone orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction. For analysis, profile photographs taken at the first examination and at completion of active treatment were used for linear and angular measurements. For linear measurements on the lateral facial photographs, an X-Y coordinate system was established using a lateral cephalogram superimposed along the line of the profile. Measurement points relating to the vermilion lip morphology were measured on the facial photographs by digital processing, with the Frankfort horizontal (FH) plane as the X-axis, and the line perpendicular to the X-axis passing through the alar curvature point (Ac) as the Y-axis.Results: The results of linear measurements showed significant retraction of approximately 3.0 mm in the upper vermilion lip, and mean retraction of the upper incisors after treatment was approximately 6.0 mm. However, whereas mean retraction of the lower incisors was approximately 1.0 mm, there was significant retraction of the lower vermilion lip of over 3.0 mm. Significant reduction in vermilion height was also found in the upper vermilion lip. With regard to angular measurements, the upper lip and total vermilion showed significant reductions that indicated inversion.Conclusion: Adequate retraction of the upper incisors in the maxillary protrusion with excessive overjet may retract not only the upper vermilion lip but also the lower one, suggesting that morphological changes in the lower lip are affected by the positioning of the upper incisors. In addition, the patterns of morphological changes differed between the upper and lower vermilion lips, with a large proportion of rotational change toward the mucous membrane in the upper vermilion lip and with a pattern of change resembling horizontal displacement in the lower vermilion lip. Total vermilion showed a significant reduction in vermilion height due to the reduction in height of the upper vermilion lip.

DOI： 10.25259/APOS_63_2020

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© 2020 IBRO Hedgehog (Hh) signaling has been shown to be involved in regulating both intact and injured peripheral nerves. Therefore, it is critical to understand how Hh signaling is regulated in the peripheral nerve. One of the transcription factors of the Hh signaling pathway, Gli3, functions as both a repressor and an activator of Hh signaling activity. However, it remains unclear whether Gli3 is involved in controlling the intact and/or injured peripheral nerves. We found that Gli3 act as a repressor in the Schwann cells (SCs) of intact sciatic nerves. Although Dhh and Ptch1 expression were present, Hh signaling was not activated in these SCs. Moreover, heterozygous Gli3 mutation (Gli3−/+) induced ectopic Hh signaling activity in SCs. Hh signaling was thus suppressed by Gli3 in the SCs of intact sciatic nerves. Minor morphological changes were observed in the intact nerves from Gli3−/+ mice. Gli3 expression was significantly decreased following injury and ligand expression switched from Dhh to Shh, which activated Hh signaling in SCs from wild-type mice. Changes of these ligands was found to be important for nerve regeneration in which the downregulation of Gli3 was also involved. In fact, Gli3−/+ mice exhibited accelerated ligand switching and subsequent nerve regeneration. Both suppression of Hh signaling with Gli3 in the intact nerves and activation of Hh signaling without Gli3 in the injured nerve were observed in the SCs in an autocrine manner. Thus, Gli3 is a key factor in the control of intact peripheral nerve homeostasis and nerve regeneration.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.02.036

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© 2019 Japanese Association for Oral Biology Background: Periodic patterning of iterative structures is diverse across the animal kingdom. Clarifying the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of these structures helps to elucidate the genetic commonality of developmental processes, as organs with these structures are believed to share the same molecular mechanisms and fundamental processes. Palatal rugae are periodic corrugated structures on the hard palate and are conserved in all mammals. Although the numbers and patterns of the palatal rugae are species specific, they are consistent in each mammalian species, except humans. Highlight: Palatal rugae development is thus under strict genetic control in most mammals and is an excellent model to investigate the genetic commonality of developmental processes to form periodic patterning. Conclusion: This review highlights the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of palatal rugae development.

DOI： 10.1016/j.job.2019.12.002

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(NPO)日本顎変形症学会  

外科的矯正治療症例と矯正歯科治療単独症例を対象に、Index of Orthognathic Functional Treatment Need(IOFTN)を用いて各治療法のボーダーラインについて検証した。顎変形症の診断で外科的矯正治療を行ったSO群92名(男性29名、女性63名、平均24±8歳)とスケルタル・アンカレッジ併用の矯正歯科治療を行ったSA群41名(男性13名、女性28名、平均26±8歳)、それ以外の矯正歯科治療を行ったCO群51名(男性19名、女性32名、平均23±8歳)を対象とした。診療録、頭部X線規格写真、研究用模型等を用いてIOFTNに準じてCategory 1(none)からCategory 5(very great)の5段階に分類した。Category分類の結果では、SO群で最も多かったのはCategory 4の44例、次いでCategory 5の42例で、両者で手術群の9割以上を占めていた。SA群ではCategory 4が18例と最も多く、その他のCategoryはほぼ同数であった。CO群はCategory 1の22例が最多で、ついでCategory 4の17例となっており、二峰性のピークを認めた。

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2019&ichushi_jid=J03047&link_issn=&doc_id=20200108270004&doc_link_id=%2Fdh5jawdf%2F2019%2F002904%2F004%2F0289-0294%26dl%3D0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdh5jawdf%2F2019%2F002904%2F004%2F0289-0294%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：(NPO)日本顎変形症学会  

外科的矯正治療の適応の指標であるIndex of Orthognathic Functional Treatment Need(IOFTN)の日本人における有用性について検証した。当科で顎矯正手術を施行した顎変形症患者128名(男性37名、女性91名、平均23±8歳)を対象とした。IOFTN分類の結果で最も多かったのはvery greatであるCategory 5の61例(47.7%)で、次いでgreatであるCategory 4の57例(44.5%)、moderateであるCategory3の10例(7.8%)の順であった。対象の症型分類で最も多かったのはClass 3の82例(64.1%)で、男女ともClass 3が対象の大半を占めていた。一方、Class 1は29例(22.7%)、Class 2においては17例(13.3%)しか認めなかった。症型分類とIOFTNとの関連について検討したところ、Class 1では顔面非対称を呈するCategory 4.10が10例(34.5%)と最多であったが、反対咬合を呈する症例が9例、上顎前歯部の前突を呈するCategory 4.2(1例)、開咬を呈するCategory 5.4、Category 4.4ならびにCategory 3.4(計3例)なども認めた。Class 2はCategory 5.2およびCategory 4.2の上顎前突または下顎後退症を呈する症例が7例と41.2%を占めていた。

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：克誠堂出版(株)  

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2018335806

Language：Japanese   Publisher：甲北信越矯正歯科学会  

2012年に薬事承認された歯科矯正用アンカースクリューの導入によりこれまで対応が難しいとされてきた大臼歯の遠心移動や圧下、歯列全体の一括移動が可能となり、矯正治療単独で対応可能な症例は拡大している。しかしその一方で、治療メカニクスの複雑化や歯科矯正用アンカースクリュー特有の反作用を日常臨床の中でよく経験する。歯科矯正用アンカースクリューの登場によって、本当に効率的に治療を行えるようになったのだろうか。歯科矯正学的な歯の移動を行う上で、術者が矯正装置を用いて加える矯正力としての物理量を術者自身が十分にコントロールすることが不可欠である。1960年代以降、Burstoneらによって提唱された歯および歯列の抵抗中心の存在とそこに加わる力とモーメントによって歯科矯正学的メカニクスを説明する試みは歯科矯正学に理論力学の考え方をもたらした。特に、歯科矯正用アンカースクリューのような新しい技術を臨床へ応用する場合に、基本となる理論力学的な考え方を見直すことが有益であろう。本稿では、これまでの歯の移動メカニクスに関する理論力学の文献をレビューし、基本的な歯の移動メカニクスの知識を整理した。また、歯科矯正用アンカースクリューを併用した上顎大臼歯遠心移動症例を例に治療メカニクスを検討し、さらに理論力学の限界とその対応についても概説した。歯科矯正用アンカースクリューの登場により矯正歯科治療がより複雑化、高度化する傾向にある中で、患者と術者双方にとってストレスなく快適に治療が行える効率的な治療メカニクスを検討する際の一助となればと考えている。(著者抄録)

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：甲北信越矯正歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(NPO)日本顎変形症学会  

偏位を伴う骨格性下顎前突症と診断し、両側下顎枝矢状分割法による下顎単独後退術を施行し、術前後で下顎正中部の側方移動を伴いかつ下顎後退量に左右差を認めた15例(男性4名、女性11名、平均21歳2ヵ月)を対象とした。術前におけるoverjetの平均は-3.7±1.9mmであった。偏位側と非偏位側における後方移動量は各5.0+2.6mm(平均値と標準偏差)と6.9+2.0mmで、左右平均後方移動量は5.9+2.2mmであった。後方移動量の左右差は1.9+1.4mm、L1とPogの後方移動量は、各6.2+2.2mm、5.6+3.0mm、下顎正中部の平均側方移動量は2.4+1.1mmであった。各症例のL1における後方移動量と下顎左右後退量の平均値との間、Pogにおける後方移動量と下顎左右後退量の平均値の関係、下顎後退量の左右差と下顎正中部側方移動量間に有意な相関関係を認めた。回帰係数および切片についてT値を算出し、それぞれ4.26、5.46と有意であった。

DOI： 10.5927/jjjd.27.1

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2017&ichushi_jid=J03047&link_issn=&doc_id=20170426390001&doc_link_id=%2Fdh5jawdf%2F2017%2F002701%2F001%2F0001-0007%26dl%3D0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdh5jawdf%2F2017%2F002701%2F001%2F0001-0007%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本矯正歯科学会  

大学医歯学総合病院矯正歯科を受診しAngleクラスI歯性上下顎前突症と診断され、上下顎両側第一小臼歯を抜去してマルチブラケット装置により矯正歯科治療を受け、動的治療が終了した成人女性20名(20〜34歳)を対象に、治療前後の口唇、特に赤唇状態の変化様相について顔面規格写真を用い検討した。上下両側小臼歯を抜去して矯正歯科治療を行ったAngle I級歯性上下顎前突症例では、前歯の後退によって赤唇は上下とも高径を減少させて後退するが、その変化量は臨床的にみてわずかであった。また、赤唇の変化様相は上下で異なり、上唇については粘膜側へ反転しながら後退し、下唇は形態を維持したまま後退する変化を示すことが明らかになった。

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells with bone resorption activity that is crucial for bone remodeling. RANK-RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand) signaling has been shown as a main signal pathway for osteoclast differentiation. However, the molecular mechanism and the factors regulating osteoclastogenesis remain to be fully understood. In this study, we performed a chemical genetic screen, and identified a Cdks/GSK-3β (cyclin-dependent kinases/glycogen synthase kinase 3β) inhibitor, kenpaullone, and two Cdks inhibitors, olomoucine and roscovitine, all of which significantly enhance osteoclastogenesis of RAW264.7 cells by upregulating NFATc1 (nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1) levels. We also determined that the all three compounds increase the number of osteoclast differentiated from murine bone marrow cells. Furthermore, the three inhibitors, especially kenpaullone, promoted maturation of cathepsin K, suggesting that the resorption activity of the resultant osteoclasts is also activated. Our findings indicate that inhibition of GSK-3β and/or Cdks enhance osteoclastogenesis by modulating the RANK-RANKL signaling pathway.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.12.011

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Cleft Palate Association  

Alveolar bone grafting (ABG) has been widely used for patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP). However, its method, timing and outcome assessment vary among institutions. This study was designed to investigate the present status of ABG by a questionnaire survey. A questionnaire was distributed to 28 Japanese institutions attending &quot;The Inter-center Collaborative Study&quot; and 26 institutions (88%) responded. The questionnaire was made for unilateral CLP patients.The questionnaire included 9 items about ABG: 1. patient&#039;s age, 2. department that determines the timing, 3. factors to determine the timing, 4. department which carries out ABG, 5. donor site, 6. the methods of outcome evaluation, 7. criteria for outcome evaluation, 8. treatment before ABG, and 9. problems in the management of ABG.The average age at ABG was 8 years and 3 months. Orthodontists mainly decided the timing of ABG at most institutions. Eruption and root formation of the adjacent canine to the cleft side were used as indicators for the timing of ABG. Three institutions performed ABG before patients entered elementary school. ABG was done by both plastic surgery and oral surgery departments, followed by the plastic surgery department only. The iliac cancellous bone was employed for ABG in all institutions. The cortical bone from the chin was sometimes used in one institution. In almost institutions, outcome assessment was implemented by panoramic, dental and occlusal X-ray films. Some institutions used CT as well. Evaluation criteria varied among institutions.These results are helpful for grasping the current status of ABG. Further development of mutual evaluation and exploration of proper assessment criteria will be essential to provide higher quality treatment for CLP.

DOI： 10.11224/cleftpalate.40.219

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2015&ichushi_jid=J01071&link_issn=&doc_id=20151224130004&doc_link_id=10.11224%2Fcleftpalate.40.219&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.11224%2Fcleftpalate.40.219&type=J-STAGE&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00007_3.gif

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

© The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Orthodontic Society. Summary Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the most desirable force system to achieve molar protraction from an interdental miniscrew minimizing side-effects. Several iterations of force delivery were simulated through variations in the height of a miniscrew, length of a molar extension arm, and incorporation of a lingual force. Materials/Methods: A three-dimensional mesh model of the right posterior segment of the mandible was developed from cone beam computed tomography data from a patient missing a first molar. Protraction appliances were constructed using computer-aided design software and integrated with finite element software. After mesh generation, a total of 80 loading conditions were simulated by altering the extension arm length (2-10mm), miniscrew height (0-8mm), and magnitude of protraction force from the lingual side (0-1.5 N). A constant labial force of 1 N was used in all models. Results: As the length of the extension arm increased, mesial tipping decreased, rotation decreased, and buccolingual inclination remained the same without lingual traction force. Lingual traction reduced rotation but increased tipping. Similar trends were observed in all situations despite of the height of the miniscrew. Conclusions: The height of the miniscrew is not as critical in affecting tooth movement during mandibular second molar protraction as the length of the extension arm. The most ideal force system in the model appeared to be the longest extension arm (10mm) with the addition of a lingual force of half or equal magnitude of the labial force.

DOI： 10.1093/ejo/cju017

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

© 2014 by The EH Angle Education and Research Foundation, Inc. Objective: To investigate the time course of osteocyte death in a mouse model of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and its association to the caspase-3 activation pathway and osteoclast formation. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five male wild type CD-1 mice (8-12 weeks old) were loaded with an orthodontic appliance. A spring delivering 10-12 g of force was placed between the right first molar and the incisor to displace the first molar mesially. The contralateral unloaded sides served as the control. The animals were equally divided into five different time points: 6, 12, 24, and 72 hours and 7 days of orthodontic loading. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, caspase-3 immunostaining, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was performed on histologic sections of the first molars. The labeling was quantified in osteocytes on the compression side of the alveolar bone at each time point. Results: TUNEL labeling significantly increased at 12, 24, and 72 hours after orthodontic loading; the peak was observed at 24 hours. Elevated caspase-3 labeling was noted at 12, 24, and 72 hours and 7 days after loading, although the increase was not significant. Significant osteoclast formation was initially evident after 72 hours and progressively increased up to 7 days. Conclusions: Osteocyte death during OTM peaks at 24 hours, earlier than initial osteoclast activation. However, only a slight trend for increased caspase-3 activity suggests that other mechanisms might be involved in osteocyte death during OTM.

DOI： 10.2319/110713-813.1

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Objective: To investigate the effect of externally applied cyclical (vibratory) forces on the rate of tooth movement, the structural integrity of the periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone remodeling. Methods: Twenty-six female Sprague-Dawley rats (7 weeks old) were divided into four groups: CTRL (unloaded), VBO (molars receiving a vibratory stimulus only), TMO (molars receiving an orthodontic spring only), and TMO+VB (molars receiving an orthodontic spring and the additional vibratory stimulus). In TMO and TMO+VB groups, the rat first molars were movedmesially for 2 weeks using Nickel-Titanium coil spring delivering 25 g of force. In VBO and TMO+VB groups, cyclical forces at 0.4 N and 30 Hz were applied occlusally twice a week for 10 minutes. Microfocus X-ray computed tomography analysis and tooth movement measurements were performed on the dissected rat maxillae. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and collagen fiber assessment were performed on histological sections. Results: Cyclical forces significantly inhibited the amount of tooth movement. Histological analysis showed marked disorganization of the collagen fibril structure of the periodontal ligament during tooth movement. Tooth movement caused a significant increase in osteoclast parameters on the compression side of alveolar bone and a significant decrease in bone volume fraction in the molar region compared to controls. Conclusions: Tooth movement was significantly inhibited by application of cyclical forces. © 2014 by The EH Angle Education and Research Foundation, Inc.

DOI： 10.2319/032213-234.1

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE  

This study investigated short- and long-term postoperative skeletal changes following intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) for mandibular prognathism, as determined from lateral cephalograms. The subjects were 20 patients with mandibular prognathism who had undergone surgical orthodontic treatment combined with IVRO. Lateral cephalograms were taken at six time points: 1 month before surgery, and 1 day, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and approximately 2 years after surgery. Intermaxillary fixation (IMF) with four monocortical screws was maintained for 1 week in all patients. Mean posterior movement of the menton (Me) was 5.9 mm at surgery. 3 months after surgery, the FMA and FH-CorMe angles had increased 6.3 and 6.2 degrees, respectively, indicating clockwise rotation of the distal segment of the mandible. This rotation was observed in all 20 patients, suggesting that postoperative rotation of the mandible in the postoperative short term is likely to occur after IVRO and could be considered an adaptation of the mastication system newly established by surgery. In the long term after IVRO, Me had moved anteriorly by only 0.9 mm and the relapse ratio was 15.3%. These findings suggest the excellent long-term stability of surgical orthodontic treatment combined with IVRO in patients with mandibular prognathism. © 2012 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijom.2012.06.024

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Language：Japanese  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(NPO)日本顎変形症学会  

Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire(OQLQ)日本語版を作成し、その信頼性と妥当性を検証した。顎変形症初診患者22名(男性2名、女性20名、平均20.1±8.7歳)から回答を得た。言語的妥当性について対象者はすべて15分以内に回答を終えていた。用いた言語については「咀嚼という言葉が少し分かりづらかった」との指摘が2名からあったが回答はできており、すべての質問の回答率は100%であった。項目テスト相関係数は-0.01から0.68であった。口腔機能(OF)に相関が低い質問項目があったが、各質問項目のCronbachのα係数は0.79〜0.82といずれも高く、口腔機能を示す質問も内的整合性は良好であった。また、SF-8の身体的サマリースコアとそれに関連する下位尺度の相関係数は-0.428〜0.004であり、OQLQのOFと相関を認める下位尺度があったが、その他三つの要素との関連は認めなかった。開発した日本語版OQLQは顎変形症患者の疾患関連QOLの尺度として信頼性があり、妥当性もあると考えられた。

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Other Link： https://search-tp.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2022&ichushi_jid=J03047&link_issn=&doc_id=20220510230003&doc_link_id=1390573407618666496&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcir.nii.ac.jp%2Fcrid%2F1390573407618666496&type=CiNii&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00003_3.gif

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口蓋裂学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口蓋裂学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(NPO)日本顎変形症学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(NPO)日本顎変形症学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(NPO)日本顎変形症学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口蓋裂学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口蓋裂学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟歯学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本矯正歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(NPO)日本睡眠歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口蓋裂学会  

本研究の目的は、術前鼻歯槽形成(以下、PNAM)治療による外鼻形態への短期的効果を明らかにすることである。今回、我々はPNAM治療開始時から口唇形成術後約6ヵ月まで経時的に評価を行ったので報告する。対象は新潟大学医歯学総合病院(以下、当院)にて出生時から治療管理を開始した片側口唇口蓋裂患者17例のうちPNAM治療を行った12例(男児6例、女児6例)をPNAM群とし、PNAM治療を行っていない5例(男児2例、女児3例)をnon-PNAM群とした。資料として、正面および鼻孔位にて、初回資料採得時(T1)および口唇形成直前(T2)、口唇形成後(T3)の3時点で撮影した顔面写真を用いた。6つの計測項目を設定し、両群間におけるT1、T2、T3での平均値、およびT1-T2、T2-T3での変化量について統計学的に比較検討した。T1では、PNAM群とnon-PNAM群において全項目で有意な差を認めなかった。T2では、non-PNAM群に対しPNAM群で鼻尖傾斜角、鼻柱傾斜角が有意に小さな値を、患側鼻孔上縁角が有意に大きな値を示した。これに対し、T3では、正面鼻翼基部傾斜角においてのみ、PNAM群が有意に小さな値を示した。T1-T2およびT2-T3における変化では、PNAM群でT1-T2、T2-T3の両方で有意な変化が認められたのに対し、non-PNAM群ではおもにT2-T3において有意な変化が示され、T1-T2では有意な変化は認めなかった。これはnon-PNAM群では術前の外鼻変形の大半を口唇形成術のみによって改善していることを意味していると考えられた。以上のことから、当院におけるPNAM治療は術前における鼻翼基部の偏位の改善に寄与していた。しかし、術後における外鼻形態への影響は認められず、PNAM治療の効果について検討を行うためには今後さらなる検討が必要と考えられた。(著者抄録)

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(NPO)日本顎変形症学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(NPO)日本顎変形症学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口蓋裂学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口蓋裂学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口蓋裂学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口蓋裂学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口蓋裂学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口蓋裂学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口蓋裂学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口蓋裂学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口蓋裂学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本歯科医学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟歯学会  

本研究の目的は、正貌顔面規格写真を用いて骨格性下顎前突症例における正貌軟組織形態の計測結果をもとにクラスター分析を行い、分類された各群の特徴を明らかにすることである。対象は、骨格性下顎前突症と診断された100名(男性40名、女性60名)である。正貌顔面規格写真上に顔面構造物および顔面輪郭に計測点を設定し、7つの角度計測項目を定義し算出した。これらの計測結果をもとにクラスター分析にて正貌を分類し、各群における計測項目の結果について多群比較を行った。クラスター分析により4つの群に分類され、近似している群から順にA群、B群、C群、D群とした。4群の特徴を要約すると、A群(22名):顔面輪郭の非対称は強いが顔面構造物の位置の非対称が軽度、B群(9名):顔面構造物の位置の非対称および顔面輪郭の非対称が強い、C群(29名):顔面輪郭の非対称は軽度だが顔面構造物において鼻下点および上唇の非対称が強い、D群(40名):顔面構造物の位置の非対称と顔面輪郭の非対称の両方が軽度となった。以上のことから、A群はおもに下顎の偏位が大きく、B群は上下顎に偏位を持ち、また、C群は偏位が上顎に限局し、D群は顔面非対称が少ない群という特徴を有すると考えられた。本研究の結果、顔面構造物の位置の非対称と顔面輪郭形態の特徴から4群に分類することができ、顎偏位を伴う顎変形症例の治療計画立案に有用であると考えられた。(著者抄録)

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟歯学会  

ビスフォスフォネート(BP)製剤関連顎骨壊死(BRONJ)は広く認知されるようになってきたが、BPの投与を受ける患者に対して顎矯正手術を行った報告は少ない。今回われわれは、BPを内服する患者に対して顎矯正手術を行ったので報告する。患者は16歳男性で不正咬合を主訴に当科を受診した。骨格性下顎前突症の診断となり、顎矯正手術を計画したが、術前矯正治療終了後に多発性硬化症の診断に至り、ステロイドの内服治療が開始され、ステロイド性骨粗鬆症の予防のためにBPの内服も開始された。治療により多発性硬化症の症状の出現はなく、ステロイドは減量されていった。19歳時に、BPを6ヵ月間休薬し、Le Fort I型骨切り術と下顎枝矢状分割法による顎矯正手術を行って、9ヵ月後にプレート除去を行い、BPを再開した。周術期は感染に留意し、BRONJの発症はなかった。顎矯正手術後2年が経過した現在も経過観察中であるが、異常経過は認めていない。(著者抄録)

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：WILEY  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本小児口腔外科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口蓋裂学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口蓋裂学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟歯学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟歯学会  

今回、最近10年間に新潟大学医歯学総合病院矯正歯科(以下、当院矯正歯科)に来院した患者の先天性欠如歯および過剰歯について調査を行った。対象は、2006年1月から2015年12月までの10年間における当院矯正歯科の新規登録患者のうち、顎変形症および口唇裂・口蓋裂症例を除外した一般矯正患者1,571名(男性585名、女性986名)とした。これらの症例について、治療のために採得した資料(診療録、エックス線写真、研究用模型)を用いて、調査・分析を行った。その結果、先天性欠如歯の発現率は12.5%で、女性が男性の約1.1倍であった。これに対し、過剰歯の発現率は3.4%であり、男性の発現頻度が女性の約2.5倍であった。先天性欠如を歯数別でみると、1歯発現が46.1%、2歯32.3%、3歯6.2%、4歯3.1%、5歯2.6%、6歯以上が9.7%、過剰歯では、1歯発現が85.2%、2歯14.8%であった。発現部位について先天性欠如歯では、下顎第二小臼歯25.8%、下顎側切歯15.9%、上顎側切歯11.4%、上顎第二小臼歯11.2%、上顎第一小臼歯6.9%の順であった。過剰歯では上顎前歯が88.7%と大多数を占めた。これらの結果は、過去の報告と類似していたが、6歯以上の先天性部分(性)無歯症患者については過去の文献と比較し増加傾向を示し、矯正歯科治療の保険適応が影響していると推察された。(著者抄録)

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本矯正歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本矯正歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本矯正歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本矯正歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本矯正歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本矯正歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本矯正歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本矯正歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本骨代謝学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：甲北信越矯正歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：甲北信越矯正歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(NPO)日本顎変形症学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口蓋裂学会  

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Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本矯正歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本矯正歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本矯正歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本骨代謝学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(NPO)日本顎変形症学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(NPO)日本顎変形症学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口蓋裂学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口蓋裂学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口蓋裂学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口蓋裂学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口蓋裂学会  

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本矯正歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本矯正歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本矯正歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：甲北信越矯正歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(NPO)日本顎変形症学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口蓋裂学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本睡眠学会  

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本矯正歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本矯正歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本矯正歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本矯正歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本矯正歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本矯正歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(NPO)日本顎変形症学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口蓋裂学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟歯学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本矯正歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：甲北信越矯正歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(NPO)日本顎変形症学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(NPO)日本顎変形症学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟歯学会  

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Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本矯正歯科学会  

J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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