Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

BACKGROUND: Understanding the refinement of self-feeding skills is useful for the assessment of oral functional development in children. OBJECTIVES: To determine normative data on lip closing during food intake in the development of independent spoon-feeding in normal children, we tested the hypothesis that lip-closing pressure and spoon operation differ depending on food type. METHODS: Fifteen normal children (eight boys, seven girls; mean age: 6.5 years) were asked to eat test foods (2, 3 and 5 g of yogurt and cream cheese) freely with a spoon. Lip-closing pressures and kinematic data on spoon operation were recorded simultaneously with a strain gauge transducer embedded in the spoon and Vicon motion analysis, respectively. RESULTS: In the most common lip-pressure pattern, only positive pressure was generated. In the second most common pattern, negative pressure occurred first, followed by positive pressure; this pattern was seen infrequently. Positive pressure (P < .001), pressure duration (P < .001) and spoon intra-oral time (P < .05) during intake of cream cheese (an adhesive food) were significantly greater than those during intake of yogurt (a non-adhesive food). Pressure onset occurred at the beginning of the spoon withdrawal period or at the turning point from spoon insertion to withdrawal, depending on the food. CONCLUSIONS: Lip-closing force and spoon operation varied depending on food type in preschool and early elementary school children. Our findings suggest the need to consider the importance of food diversity and to pay attention to the spoon withdrawal period when assessing the development and maturation of lip function.

DOI： 10.1111/joor.13155

PubMed

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Lip closing is an important motor act in food acquisition. Appropriate food capture in anticipatory and early oral stages of feeding is essential for mastication and swallowing. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of food type and quantity on lip closing pressure during food capture with a spoon, and to identify normal lip function during food acquisition in healthy young adults. Twenty young healthy males (age range: 22-30 years) participated in this study. They were asked to eat the test food freely with a spoon. Test foods were yogurt and cream cheese, which were given in quantities of 3, 5 and 10 g in weight; 3 ml water was included as a reference. A strain gauge transducer was embedded in the spoon in advance, and lip closing pressures during food capture were measured and recorded. The Vicon motion analysis system was used to collect three-dimensional kinematic data of spoon operation. Positive pressure with lip closing during capture of adhesive food, such as cream cheese, significantly increased (P < 0.001). Moreover, positive pressure significantly decreased when food quantity increased (P < 0.01), irrespective of food type. Negative pressure that preceded positive pressure appeared more frequently during cream cheese intake and increased when food quantity on the spoon increased (P < 0.001). These findings indicated that participants sucked or squeezed the spoon further during capture of adhesive food. Maximum mouth opening occurred predominantly during the spoon insertion period, while mouth closing occurred predominantly during the spoon withdrawal period. After mouth closing, all subsequent lip pressure events appeared in the withdrawal period. Our results may be useful for comprehending normal lip function during food acquisition in healthy young adults. They may also aid in the diagnosis and management of abnormal lip function in oral hypofunction and dysfunction, which can be examined in future studies.

DOI： 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112743

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本歯科衛生学会  

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2019&ichushi_jid=J04854&link_issn=&doc_id=20190218400006&doc_link_id=%2Fds1denhy%2F2019%2F001302%2F007%2F0052-0060%26dl%3D0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fds1denhy%2F2019%2F001302%2F007%2F0052-0060%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本障害者歯科学会  

小児や障害児・者および要介護者の口腔衛生には、保護者または介助者による介助磨きが重要である。しかし、その発達や障害の種類・程度・体格や年齢および環境により、介助磨き時の姿勢はさまざまである。今回、日常的に介助磨きを行っている女性歯科衛生士20名を被験者とし、介助磨き時の姿勢と歯磨き運動および歯垢除去効果の関連について検討した。永久歯列模型を装着したマネキンを仰臥位と対面位の2種類に設定し、一口腔を上下顎前歯部臼歯部頬舌側の12ブロックに分割したうえで、各ブロック10秒間の介助磨き運動を計測した。計測には歯ブラシに装着した三次元加速度計およびストレインゲージを用いた。また、模型にはあらかじめ人工歯垢を塗布し、介助磨き後の歯垢残存面積を計測した。その結果、刷掃法は両姿勢ともに、前歯部舌口蓋側のみ縦磨き、他の部位はスクラッピング法であった。前歯部では両姿勢で1ストローク時間に有意差はなかったが、上顎前歯部口蓋側の三次元変位量は対面位のほうが小さかった。臼歯部では、対面位のほうが仰臥位より1ストローク時間が長く、逆に三次元変位量が小さい、すなわちリズムの遅い運動であった。また、対面位では上顎中切歯口蓋側の歯垢残存量が多かった。介助磨き時の姿勢は、環境や個人の全身および口腔内状況により制限を受けるため統一は困難である。各姿勢の特徴を理解し、より効率的な介助磨きを検討していくことが重要と考えられた。(著者抄録)

DOI： 10.14958/jjsdh.39.110

J-GLOBAL

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.15761/DOCR.1000258

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DOI： 10.15761/DOCR.1000255

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier Ltd  

Objective Detailed evidence of a relationship between maltreated children and dental caries is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dmft and DMFT, and the characteristics of dental treatment level of children at two child guidance centers (CGC). Subject and methods A total of 166 children (mean age: 11.6 y ± 2.8) staying at two CGCs were examine, and their results were compared with those of the Survey of Dental Disease (SDD) carried out by the Japanese Society for Oral Health. Results Mean numbers of dental caries were 5.70 at the CGCs and 2.25 in the SDD. “Completely treated” children were 21.7% of total participants in the SDD, but only 3.6% at the CGCs. In addition, 7.0% of participants were “untreated” in the SDD, but 41.0% at the CGCs. The percentage of children without dental caries was 18.7% at the CGCs and 45.7% in the SDD. These differences between the CGCs and in the SDD were statistically significant. Conclusions Our results indicate that, due to a lack of daily oral care, dental caries are significantly more prevalent in children at CGCs. CGCs may be good places to improve neglected children's dental caries and oral health care.

DOI： 10.1016/j.pdj.2017.08.003

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DOI： 10.1016/j.pdj.2017.06.002

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般財団法人 日本小児歯科学会  

&lt;p&gt;We investigated dental treatments given to persons with disabilities at a pediatric medical center in Japan between April 1, 2015 and March 31, 2016. Factors noted were age at first visit and most re cent visit during the study, type of disability, intervals between office visits, and contents of the dental treatment provided. The main results obtained were as follows :&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;1.A total of 449 patients (males 271, females 178) who visited the medical center were enrolled.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;2.The age range at first visit was 0-24 years. The most common age was 1 year old and children 0-5 years old accounted for 78.2% of the total. The mean age was 16.4±8.3 years (range 0-59 years).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;3.A duration of ＜5 years from first visit to most recent visit was most frequent and accounted for 23.8% of the total. A duration of 10-15 years was seen in 20.9% and of 5-10 years in 19.8% of the examined cases.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;4.The most common patient disabilities were cerebral palsy (28.1% of total), pervasive developmental disorder (20.9%), intellectual disability (10.9%), Down syndrome (9.8%), neurological disorders other than cerebral palsy and epilepsy (9.6%), and epilepsy (8.0%).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;5.There was a total of 17,033 consultations for all patients and 20,934 dental treatments were performed. The most common dental treatments given were fissure sealant (33.7% of total), scaling (29.8%), and cavity filling (33.7%).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;6.There were significant differences in the ratios of dental treatments among those with different disabilities. However, the most common dental treatments performed regardless of disability were fis sure sealant, scaling, and cavity filling.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;7.Among the various treatments, there were significant differences noted when the patients were divided by age.&lt;/p&gt;

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DOI： 10.15761/DOCR.1000237

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier Ltd  

Objective International association dental traumatology has published guideline for the primary dentition. The guideline indicates that, when the crown is dislocated in a labial direction, extraction of the affected tooth is the only choice of treatment for lateral luxation cases with severe displacement. However, retaining primary teeth is important. Here we present a case of a tooth with lateral luxation and severe displacement. Case A three-year-old girl presented with complaint of severe mobility of the left lower primary canine caused by hitting a water tap 1 month earlier. Result We performed a root canal filling after pulpectomy and crown height reducing. After 37 weeks, radiographic examination showed dramatically alveolar bone regeneration and we were able to treat and maintain. Conclusion We conclude that conservative treatment of a traumatized tooth can be effective even in cases of lateral luxation and severe displacement.

DOI： 10.1016/j.pdj.2016.11.002

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本老年歯科医学会  

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Control of plaque and debris is essential for the prevention of inflammatory periodontal diseases and dental caries, because plaque is the primary etiological factor in the introduction and development of both of these infection-oriented diseases. Plaque removal with a toothbrush is the most frequently used method of oral hygiene. Powered toothbrushes were developed beginning in the 1960s and are now widely used in developed countries. The bristles of a toothbrush should be able to reach and clean efficiently most areas of the mouth, and recently the design of both manual and powered toothbrushes has focused on the ability to reach and clean interproximal tooth surfaces. An individual&#039;s tooth brushing behavior, including force, duration, motivation and motion, are also critical to tooth brushing efficacy. Dental floss and the type of toothpaste play additional important roles as auxiliary tools for oral prophylaxis. Dental professionals should help their care-receivers&#039; meet the requirements of oral hygiene to maintain their QOL. This article reviews these topics. © 2014 Japanese Association for Dental Science.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jdsr.2014.04.001

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本小児歯科学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本障害者歯科学会  

小児や障害児・者および要介護者の口腔衛生には、保護者または介助者による介助磨きが重要である。しかし、その発達や障害の種類・程度・体格や年齢および環境により、介助磨き時の姿勢はさまざまである。今回、日常的に介助磨きを行っている女性歯科衛生士20名を被験者とし、介助磨き時の姿勢と歯磨き運動および歯垢除去効果の関連について検討した。永久歯列模型を装着したマネキンを仰臥位と対面位の2種類に設定し、一口腔を上下顎前歯部臼歯部頬舌側の12ブロックに分割したうえで、各ブロック10秒間の介助磨き運動を計測した。計測には歯ブラシに装着した三次元加速度計およびストレインゲージを用いた。また、模型にはあらかじめ人工歯垢を塗布し、介助磨き後の歯垢残存面積を計測した。その結果、刷掃法は両姿勢ともに、前歯部舌口蓋側のみ縦磨き、他の部位はスクラッピング法であった。前歯部では両姿勢で1ストローク時間に有意差はなかったが、上顎前歯部口蓋側の三次元変位量は対面位のほうが小さかった。臼歯部では、対面位のほうが仰臥位より1ストローク時間が長く、逆に三次元変位量が小さい、すなわちリズムの遅い運動であった。また、対面位では上顎中切歯口蓋側の歯垢残存量が多かった。介助磨き時の姿勢は、環境や個人の全身および口腔内状況により制限を受けるため統一は困難である。各姿勢の特徴を理解し、より効率的な介助磨きを検討していくことが重要と考えられた。(著者抄録)

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)電子情報通信学会  

捕食動作とは摂食動作の一部であり、その機能には「食具操作」と「口唇による食物の取り込み」の2つがある。しかし、両者の協調動作であるにもかかわらず、同時測定データに基づいて包括的に調査されることが少なかった。そこで本研究では、身体運動とスプーンボウル部上の口唇圧を同時計測するシステムを構築し、予備実験として、成人がスプーンに入れた食品を自然に摂食する動作を分析した。食品には付着性と流動性の異なるチーズとヨーグルトを用いた。一口量は3g、5g、10gの3種類とした。成人男性8名を用いた実験から、一口量はスプーン挿入量に、食品の性状は捕食時口唇圧に有意に影響するが、両者は捕食中のスプーン姿勢には影響しないことが判明した。(著者抄録)

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歯みがきは口腔の健康を維持するための日常的な健康習慣であり、歯科衛生士は効果的な歯みがきを目指し日々刷掃指導を行っているが、指導前後における刷掃運動の三次元的変化を明らかにした報告はない。そこで本研究では、歯ブラシの三次元的運動を簡便に計測する新システムを用いて、歯科衛生士による指導前後の運動と歯垢除去効果の変化について検討した。対象者は専門的な刷掃指導を受けていない右利きの女子大学生17名とし、初回は上顎右側第一・第二大臼歯頬側面10秒間の自由刷掃を計測するとともに、刷掃後の歯垢残存量を評価した。計測後同日に、歯科衛生士1名による刷掃指導を行い、2週間後に再度初回と同様に自由刷掃運動の計測と歯垢残存量を評価し、比較検討を行った。結果、指導前後で1ストローク時間および平均荷重には統計学的有意差は認められなかったが、歯ブラシの近遠心変位量は指導後に3.8mm減少し、有意に小さい動きに変化していた。歯垢残存量は第二大臼歯頬側面において有意に減少したが、近遠心面に近接した部位では有意差は認められなかった。すなわち、歯ブラシの運動幅が小さくなることで、最後臼歯頬側の歯垢除去量が増加するということが確認されたが、それだけでは隣接面に近接した部位の歯垢は有意に除去できないことも明らかとなり、清掃用具の選択も含め、同部の歯垢除去に特化した刷掃指導の必要性が再確認された。(著者抄録)

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小児や障害児・者および要介護者の口腔衛生には、保護者または介助者による介助磨きが重要である。しかし、その発達や障害の種類・程度・体格や年齢および環境により、介助磨き時の姿勢はさまざまである。今回、日常的に介助磨きを行っている女性歯科衛生士20名を被験者とし、介助磨き時の姿勢と歯磨き運動および歯垢除去効果の関連について検討した。永久歯列模型を装着したマネキンを仰臥位と対面位の2種類に設定し、一口腔を上下顎前歯部臼歯部頬舌側の12ブロックに分割したうえで、各ブロック10秒間の介助磨き運動を計測した。計測には歯ブラシに装着した三次元加速度計およびストレインゲージを用いた。また、模型にはあらかじめ人工歯垢を塗布し、介助磨き後の歯垢残存面積を計測した。その結果、刷掃法は両姿勢ともに、前歯部舌口蓋側のみ縦磨き、他の部位はスクラッピング法であった。前歯部では両姿勢で1ストローク時間に有意差はなかったが、上顎前歯部口蓋側の三次元変位量は対面位のほうが小さかった。臼歯部では、対面位のほうが仰臥位より1ストローク時間が長く、逆に三次元変位量が小さい、すなわちリズムの遅い運動であった。また、対面位では上顎中切歯口蓋側の歯垢残存量が多かった。介助磨き時の姿勢は、環境や個人の全身および口腔内状況により制限を受けるため統一は困難である。各姿勢の特徴を理解し、より効率的な介助磨きを検討していくことが重要と考えられた。(著者抄録)

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咬合平面は、小児期、成人期および老年期を通して、口腔管理における重要な要素の一つである。成人の欠損補綴を行う際、顔貌より咬合平面を決定するための基準は数多く報告されている。しかしながら、小児においては明確な基準がなく、成人の基準を応用し決定することが多い。そこで本研究では、三次元画像撮影装置を用いて顔貌より小児における咬合平面の評価システムを開発することを目的とした。対象は乳臼歯部にう蝕および治療既往のない小学1年生11名(男児6名、女児5名)とした。成人で頻用される咬合平面板を小児用にサイズを縮小・改変した咬合平面板を座位の姿勢で軽く咬合させ、超高速三次元表面形態撮影装置(以下3dMD)にて顔貌を撮影した。3dMD解析ソフト上で鼻下点および両側耳下点を顎外における仮想咬合平面とし、口腔内に挿入した咬合平面板上の3点をプロットし、これら3点より作られる平面を咬合平面とした。その結果、仮想咬合平面を構成する3点における再現性の検定を行ったところ、個人間変動および個人内変動ともに変動が大きかった。また、2つの平面間の角度は、前頭面では男児-2.146度、女児-2.055度で性差を認めず、矢状面においては、男児4.206度、女児で1.168度であり有意差を認めた。以上より、小児の顎顔面の表面形態より得られた仮想咬合平面から咬合平面を推定することが可能であると考えられた。(著者抄録)

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