2024/03/28 更新

写真a

ウチガシマ モトカズ
内ヶ島 基政
UCHIGASHIMA Motokazu
所属
脳研究所 准教授
職名
准教授
外部リンク

学位

  • 博士(医学) ( 2011年3月   北海道大学 )

研究キーワード

  • シナプス接着分子

  • 神経伝達

  • 分子イメージング

  • 包括脳ネットワーク

  • モノアミン

  • 線条体

  • 内因性カンナビノイド

研究分野

  • ライフサイエンス / 神経形態学

  • ライフサイエンス / 神経科学一般

経歴(researchmap)

  • 東京大学国際高等研究所ニューロインテリジェンス国際研究機構   連携研究者(兼任)

    2021年10月 - 現在

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  • 新潟大学   脳研究所   准教授

    2019年3月 - 現在

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  • 北海道大学   大学院医学研究院   助教

    2017年4月 - 2019年2月

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  • University of Massachusetts Medical School   Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute   Visiting Scholar

    2016年2月 - 2018年3月

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  • 北海道大学   大学院医学研究科   助教

    2011年4月 - 2017年3月

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  • 北海道大学   School of Medicine

    2001年4月 - 2007年3月

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▶ 全件表示

経歴

  • 新潟大学   脳研究所 基礎神経科学部門 細胞病態学   准教授

    2019年3月 - 現在

 

論文

  • General Design Strategy to Precisely Control the Emission of Fluorophores via a Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer (TICT) Process. 査読 国際誌

    Kenjiro Hanaoka, Shimpei Iwaki, Kiyoshi Yagi, Takuya Myochin, Takayuki Ikeno, Hisashi Ohno, Eita Sasaki, Toru Komatsu, Tasuku Ueno, Motokazu Uchigashima, Takayasu Mikuni, Kazuki Tainaka, Shinya Tahara, Satoshi Takeuchi, Tahei Tahara, Masanobu Uchiyama, Tetsuo Nagano, Yasuteru Urano

    Journal of the American Chemical Society   144 ( 43 )   19778 - 19790   2022年10月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

    Fluorogenic probes for bioimaging have become essential tools for life science and medicine, and the key to their development is a precise understanding of the mechanisms available for fluorescence off/on control, such as photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Here we establish a new molecular design strategy to rationally develop activatable fluorescent probes, which exhibit a fluorescence off/on change in response to target biomolecules, by controlling the twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) process. This approach was developed on the basis of a thorough investigation of the fluorescence quenching mechanism of N-phenyl rhodamine dyes (commercially available as the QSY series) by means of time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations and photophysical evaluation of their derivatives. To illustrate and validate this TICT-based design strategy, we employed it to develop practical fluorogenic probes for HaloTag and SNAP-tag. We further show that the TICT-controlled fluorescence off/on mechanism is generalizable by synthesizing a Si-rhodamine-based fluorogenic probe for HaloTag, thus providing a palette of chemical dyes that spans the visible and near-infrared range.

    DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06397

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  • Neuroligin-3: A Circuit-Specific Synapse Organizer That Shapes Normal Function and Autism Spectrum Disorder-Associated Dysfunction 招待 査読 国際誌

    Motokazu Uchigashima, Amy Cheung, Kensuke Futai

    Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience   14   749164 - 749164   2021年10月

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    担当区分:筆頭著者, 責任著者   記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:Frontiers Media SA  

    Chemical synapses provide a vital foundation for neuron-neuron communication and overall brain function. By tethering closely apposed molecular machinery for presynaptic neurotransmitter release and postsynaptic signal transduction, circuit- and context- specific synaptic properties can drive neuronal computations for animal behavior. Trans-synaptic signaling via synaptic cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) serves as a promising mechanism to generate the molecular diversity of chemical synapses. Neuroligins (Nlgns) were discovered as postsynaptic CAMs that can bind to presynaptic CAMs like Neurexins (Nrxns) at the synaptic cleft. Among the four (Nlgn1-4) or five (Nlgn1-3, Nlgn4X, and Nlgn4Y) isoforms in rodents or humans, respectively, Nlgn3 has a heterogeneous expression and function at particular subsets of chemical synapses and strong association with non-syndromic autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Several lines of evidence have suggested that the unique expression and function of Nlgn3 protein underlie circuit-specific dysfunction characteristic of non-syndromic ASD caused by the disruption of Nlgn3 gene. Furthermore, recent studies have uncovered the molecular mechanism underlying input cell-dependent expression of Nlgn3 protein at hippocampal inhibitory synapses, in which trans-synaptic signaling of specific alternatively spliced isoforms of Nlgn3 and Nrxn plays a critical role. In this review article, we overview the molecular, anatomical, and physiological knowledge about Nlgn3, focusing on the circuit-specific function of mammalian Nlgn3 and its underlying molecular mechanism. This will provide not only new insight into specific Nlgn3-mediated trans-synaptic interactions as molecular codes for synapse specification but also a better understanding of the pathophysiological basis for non-syndromic ASD associated with functional impairment in Nlgn3 gene.

    DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.749164

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  • Specific Neuroligin3-αNeurexin1 signaling regulates GABAergic synaptic function in mouse hippocampus. 査読 国際誌

    Motokazu Uchigashima, Kohtarou Konno, Emily Demchak, Amy Cheung, Takuya Watanabe, David G Keener, Manabu Abe, Timmy Le, Kenji Sakimura, Toshikuni Sasaoka, Takeshi Uemura, Yuka Imamura Kawasawa, Masahiko Watanabe, Kensuke Futai

    eLife   9   2020年12月

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    担当区分:筆頭著者   記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

    Synapse formation and regulation require signaling interactions between pre- and postsynaptic proteins, notably cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). It has been proposed that the functions of neuroligins (Nlgns), postsynaptic CAMs, rely on the formation of trans-synaptic complexes with neurexins (Nrxns), presynaptic CAMs. Nlgn3 is a unique Nlgn isoform that localizes at both excitatory and inhibitory synapses. However, Nlgn3 function mediated via Nrxn interactions is unknown. Here we demonstrate that Nlgn3 localizes at postsynaptic sites apposing vesicular glutamate transporter 3-expressing (VGT3+) inhibitory terminals and regulates VGT3+ inhibitory interneuron-mediated synaptic transmission in mouse organotypic slice cultures. Gene expression analysis of interneurons revealed that the αNrxn1+AS4 splice isoform is highly expressed in VGT3+ interneurons as compared with other interneurons. Most importantly, postsynaptic Nlgn3 requires presynaptic αNrxn1+AS4 expressed in VGT3+ interneurons to regulate inhibitory synaptic transmission. Our results indicate that specific Nlgn-Nrxn signaling generates distinct functional properties at synapses.

    DOI: 10.7554/eLife.59545

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  • Enhanced Retrieval of Taste Associative Memory by Chemogenetic Activation of Locus Coeruleus Norepinephrine Neurons. 査読 国際誌

    Ryoji Fukabori, Yoshio Iguchi, Shigeki Kato, Kazumi Takahashi, Satoshi Eifuku, Shingo Tsuji, Akihiro Hazama, Motokazu Uchigashima, Masahiko Watanabe, Hiroshi Mizuma, Yilong Cui, Hirotaka Onoe, Keigo Hikishima, Yasunobu Yasoshima, Makoto Osanai, Ryo Inagaki, Kohji Fukunaga, Takuma Nishijo, Toshihiko Momiyama, Richard Benton, Kazuto Kobayashi

    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience   40 ( 43 )   8367 - 8385   2020年10月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

    The ability of animals to retrieve memories stored in response to the environment is essential for behavioral adaptation. Norepinephrine (NE)-containing neurons in the brain play a key role in the modulation of synaptic plasticity underlying various processes of memory formation. However, the role of the central NE system in memory retrieval remains unclear. Here, we developed a novel chemogenetic activation strategy exploiting insect olfactory ionotropic receptors (IRs), termed "IR-mediated neuronal activation," and used it for selective stimulation of NE neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC). Drosophila melanogaster IR84a and IR8a subunits were expressed in LC NE neurons in transgenic mice. Application of phenylacetic acid (a specific ligand for the IR84a/IR8a complex) at appropriate doses induced excitatory responses of NE neurons expressing the receptors in both slice preparations and in vivo electrophysiological conditions, resulting in a marked increase of NE release in the LC nerve terminal regions (male and female). Ligand-induced activation of LC NE neurons enhanced the retrieval process of conditioned taste aversion without affecting taste sensitivity, general arousal state, and locomotor activity. This enhancing effect on taste memory retrieval was mediated, in part, through α1- and β-adrenergic receptors in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA; male). Pharmacological inhibition of LC NE neurons confirmed the facilitative role of these neurons in memory retrieval via adrenergic receptors in the BLA (male). Our findings indicate that the LC NE system, through projections to the BLA, controls the retrieval process of taste associative memory.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Norepinephrine (NE)-containing neurons in the brain play a key role in the modulation of synaptic plasticity underlying various processes of memory formation, but the role of the NE system in memory retrieval remains unclear. We developed a chemogenetic activation system based on insect olfactory ionotropic receptors and used it for selective stimulation of NE neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) in transgenic mice. Ligand-induced activation of LC NE neurons enhanced the retrieval of conditioned taste aversion, which was mediated, in part, through adrenoceptors in the basolateral amygdala. Pharmacological blockade of LC activity confirmed the facilitative role of these neurons in memory retrieval. Our findings indicate that the LC-amygdala pathway plays an important role in the recall of taste associative memory.

    DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1720-20.2020

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  • Neuroligin3 splice isoforms shape inhibitory synaptic function in the mouse hippocampus. 査読 国際誌

    Motokazu Uchigashima, Ming Leung, Takuya Watanabe, Amy Cheung, Timmy Le, Sabine Pallat, Alexandre Luis Marques Dinis, Masahiko Watanabe, Yuka Imamura Kawasawa, Kensuke Futai

    The Journal of biological chemistry   295 ( 25 )   8589 - 8595   2020年6月

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    担当区分:筆頭著者   記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

    Synapse formation is a dynamic process essential for the development and maturation of the neuronal circuitry in the brain. At the synaptic cleft, trans-synaptic protein-protein interactions are major biological determinants of proper synapse efficacy. The balance of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission (E-I balance) stabilizes synaptic activity, and dysregulation of the E-I balance has been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the E-I balance remain to be elucidated. Here, using single-cell transcriptomics, immunohistochemistry, and electrophysiology approaches to murine CA1 pyramidal neurons obtained from organotypic hippocampal slice cultures, we investigate neuroligin (Nlgn) genes that encode a family of postsynaptic adhesion molecules known to shape excitatory and inhibitory synaptic function. We demonstrate that the NLGN3 protein differentially regulates inhibitory synaptic transmission in a splice isoform-dependent manner at hippocampal CA1 synapses. We also found that distinct subcellular localizations of the NLGN3 isoforms contribute to the functional differences observed among these isoforms. Finally, results from single-cell RNA-Seq analyses revealed that Nlgn1 and Nlgn3 are the major murine Nlgn genes and that the expression levels of the Nlgn splice isoforms are highly diverse in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Our results delineate isoform-specific effects of Nlgn genes on the E-I balance in the murine hippocampus.

    DOI: 10.1074/jbc.AC120.012571

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  • Methodological approaches to understand the molecular mechanism of structural plasticity of dendritic spines. 招待 国際誌

    Takayasu Mikuni, Motokazu Uchigashima

    The European journal of neuroscience   54 ( 8 )   6902 - 6911   2020年4月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

    Dendritic spines are tiny protrusions emanating from the neuronal dendrites, typically housing single excitatory postsynapses. Structural plasticity of dendritic spines is considered to be essential for synaptic functional plasticity and also reorganization of neural circuits during learning and memory. Structural plasticity of spines is mediated by complex biochemical signaling with various spatial and temporal scales. A variety of methods based on pharmacological, genetic, molecular, imaging and optical approaches has been developed and applied to dissect the complex signal transduction pathways. In this review, we overview both conventional and new methodological approaches to identify, monitor and manipulate key molecules for structural plasticity of dendritic spines, ultimately aiming to understand the molecular mechanism of learning and memory in behaving animals.

    DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14734

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  • Differential expression of neurexin genes in the mouse brain. 査読 国際誌

    Motokazu Uchigashima, Amy Cheung, Julie Suh, Masahiko Watanabe, Kensuke Futai

    The Journal of comparative neurology   527 ( 12 )   1940 - 1965   2019年8月

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    担当区分:筆頭著者, 責任著者   記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

    Synapses, highly specialized membrane junctions between neurons, connect presynaptic neurotransmitter release sites and postsynaptic ligand-gated channels. Neurexins (Nrxns), a family of presynaptic adhesion molecules, have been characterized as major regulators of synapse development and function. Via their extracellular domains, Nrxns bind to different postsynaptic proteins, generating highly diverse functional readouts through their postsynaptic binding partners. Not surprisingly given these versatile protein interactions, mutations and deletions of Nrxn genes have been identified in patients with autism spectrum disorders, intellectual disabilities, and schizophrenia. Therefore, elucidating the expression profiles of Nrxns in the brain is of high significance. Here, using chromogenic and fluorescent in situ hybridization, we characterize the expression patterns of Nrxn isoforms throughout the brain. We found that each Nrxn isoform displays a unique expression profile in a region-, cell type-, and sensory system-specific manner. Interestingly, we also found that αNrxn1 and αNrxn2 mRNAs are expressed in non-neuronal cells, including astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Lastly, we found diverse expression patterns of genes that encode Nrxn binding proteins, such as Neuroligins (Nlgns), Leucine-rich repeat transmembrane neuronal protein (Lrrtms) and Latrophilins (Adgrls), suggesting that Nrxn proteins can mediate numerous combinations of trans-synaptic interactions. Together, our anatomical profiling of Nrxn gene expression reflects the diverse roles of Nrxn molecules.

    DOI: 10.1002/cne.24664

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  • Endocannabinoid and nitric oxide systems of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus mediate effects of NPY on energy expenditure. 査読 国際誌

    Zoltán Péterfi, Imre Farkas, Raphael G P Denis, Erzsébet Farkas, Motokazu Uchigashima, Tamás Füzesi, Masahiko Watanabe, Ronald M Lechan, Zsolt Liposits, Serge Luquet, Csaba Fekete

    Molecular metabolism   18   120 - 133   2018年12月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

    OBJECTIVE: Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the most potent orexigenic peptides. The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is a major locus where NPY exerts its effects on energy homeostasis. We investigated how NPY exerts its effect within the PVN. METHODS: Patch clamp electrophysiology and Ca2+ imaging were used to understand the involvement of Ca2+ signaling and retrograde transmitter systems in the mediation of NPY induced effects in the PVN. Immuno-electron microscopy were performed to elucidate the subcellular localization of the elements of nitric oxide (NO) system in the parvocellular PVN. In vivo metabolic profiling was performed to understand the role of the endocannabinoid and NO systems of the PVN in the mediation of NPY induced changes of energy homeostasis. RESULTS: We demonstrated that NPY inhibits synaptic inputs of parvocellular neurons in the PVN by activating endocannabinoid and NO retrograde transmitter systems via mobilization of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum, suggesting that NPY gates the synaptic inputs of parvocellular neurons in the PVN to prevent the influence of non-feeding-related inputs. While intraPVN administered NPY regulates food intake and locomotor activity via NO signaling, the endocannabinoid system of the PVN selectively mediates NPY-induced decrease in energy expenditure. CONCLUSION: Thus, within the PVN, NPY stimulates the release of endocannabinoids and NO via Ca2+-influx from the endoplasmic reticulum. Both transmitter systems appear to have unique roles in the mediation of the NPY-induced regulation of energy homeostasis, suggesting that NPY regulates food intake, energy expenditure, and locomotor activity through different neuronal networks of this nucleus.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.08.007

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  • Monitoring and Updating of Action Selection for Goal-Directed Behavior through the Striatal Direct and Indirect Pathways. 査読 国際誌

    Satoshi Nonomura, Kayo Nishizawa, Yutaka Sakai, Yasuo Kawaguchi, Shigeki Kato, Motokazu Uchigashima, Masahiko Watanabe, Ko Yamanaka, Kazuki Enomoto, Satomi Chiken, Hiromi Sano, Shogo Soma, Junichi Yoshida, Kazuyuki Samejima, Masaaki Ogawa, Kazuto Kobayashi, Atsushi Nambu, Yoshikazu Isomura, Minoru Kimura

    Neuron   99 ( 6 )   1302 - 1314   2018年9月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

    The basal ganglia play key roles in adaptive behaviors guided by reward and punishment. However, despite accumulating knowledge, few studies have tested how heterogeneous signals in the basal ganglia are organized and coordinated for goal-directed behavior. In this study, we investigated neuronal signals of the direct and indirect pathways of the basal ganglia as rats performed a lever push/pull task for a probabilistic reward. In the dorsomedial striatum, we found that optogenetically and electrophysiologically identified direct pathway neurons encoded reward outcomes, whereas indirect pathway neurons encoded no-reward outcome and next-action selection. Outcome coding occurred in association with the chosen action. In support of pathway-specific neuronal coding, light activation induced a bias on repeat selection of the same action in the direct pathway, but on switch selection in the indirect pathway. Our data reveal the mechanisms underlying monitoring and updating of action selection for goal-directed behavior through basal ganglia circuits.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.08.002

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  • Activity-Induced Regulation of Synaptic Strength through the Chromatin Reader L3mbtl1 査読

    Wenjie Mao, Anna C. Salzberg, Motokazu Uchigashima, Yuto Hasegawa, Hanno Hock, Masahiko Watanabe, Schahram Akbarian, Yuka Imamura Kawasawa, Kensuke Futai

    Cell Reports   23 ( 11 )   3209 - 3222   2018年6月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:Elsevier B.V.  

    Homeostatic synaptic downscaling reduces neuronal excitability by modulating the number of postsynaptic receptors. Histone modifications and the subsequent chromatin remodeling play critical roles in activity-dependent gene expression. Histone modification codes are recognized by chromatin readers that affect gene expression by altering chromatin structure. We show that L3mbtl1 (lethal 3 malignant brain tumor-like 1), a polycomb chromatin reader, is downregulated by neuronal activity and is essential for synaptic response and downscaling. Genome-scale mapping of L3mbtl1 occupancies identified Ctnnb1 as a key gene downstream of L3mbtl1. Importantly, the occupancy of L3mbtl1 on the Ctnnb1 gene was regulated by neuronal activity. L3mbtl1 knockout neurons exhibited reduced Ctnnb1 expression. Partial knockdown of Ctnnb1 in wild-type neurons reduced excitatory synaptic transmission and abolished homeostatic downscaling, and transfecting Ctnnb1 in L3mbtl1 knockout neurons enhanced synaptic transmission and restored homeostatic downscaling. These results highlight a role for L3mbtl1 in regulating homeostasis of synaptic efficacy. Synaptic homeostasis is crucial for maintaining proper neuronal excitability and excitatory/inhibitory balance in the brain. Mao et al. report that an activity-dependent chromatin reader protein is required for homeostatic control of synaptic strength through the regulation of downstream target gene Ctnnb1.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.028

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  • Endocytosis following dopamine D2 receptor activation is critical for neuronal activity and dendritic spine formation via Rabex-5/PDGFRβ signaling in striatopallidal medium spiny neurons. 査読

    Shioda N, Yabuki Y, Wang Y, Uchigashima M, Hikida T, Sasaoka T, Mori H, Watanabe M, Sasahara M, Fukunaga K

    Mol Psychiatry   22 ( 8 )   1205 - 1222   2017年8月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

    DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.200

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  • LUsing a novel PV-Cre rat model to characterize pallidonigral cells and their terminations 査読

    Yoon-Mi Oh, Fuyuki Karube, Susumu Takahashi, Kenta Kobayashi, Masahiko Takada, Motokazu Uchigashima, Masahiko Watanabe, Kayo Nishizawa, Kazuto Kobayashi, Fumino Fujiyama

    BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION   222 ( 5 )   2359 - 2378   2017年7月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:SPRINGER HEIDELBERG  

    In the present study, we generated a novel parvalbumin (PV)-Cre rat model and conducted detailed morphological and electrophysiological investigations of axons from PV neurons in globus pallidus (GP). The GP is considered as a relay nucleus in the indirect pathway of the basal ganglia (BG). Previous studies have used molecular profiling and projection patterns to demonstrate cellular heterogeneity in the GP; for example, PV-expressing neurons are known to comprise approximately 50% of GP neurons and represent majority of prototypic neurons that project to the subthalamic nucleus and/or output nuclei of BG, entopeduncular nucleus and substantia nigra (SN). The present study aimed to identify the characteristic projection patterns of PV neurons in the GP (PV-GP neurons) and determine whether these neurons target dopaminergic or GABAergic neurons in SN pars compacta (SNc) or reticulata (SNr), respectively. We initially found that (1) 57% of PV neurons co-expressed Lim-homeobox 6, (2) the PVGP terminals were preferentially distributed in the ventral part of dorsal tier of SNc, (3) PV-GP neurons formed basket-like appositions with the somata of tyrosine hydroxylase, PV, calretinin and cholecystokinin immunoreactive neurons in the SN, and (4) in vitro wholecell recording during optogenetic photo-stimulation of PVGP terminals in SNc demonstrated that PV-GP neurons strongly inhibited dopamine neurons via GABA(A) receptors. These results suggest that dopamine neurons receive direct focal inputs from PV-GP prototypic neurons. The identification of high-contrast inhibitory systems on dopamine neurons might represent a key step toward understanding the BG function.

    DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1346-2

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  • Ventrolateral Striatal Medium Spiny Neurons Positively Regulate Food-Incentive, Goal-Directed Behavior Independently of D1 and D2 Selectivity 査読

    Akiyo Natsubori, Iku Tsutsui-Kimura, Hiroshi Nishida, Youcef Bouchekioua, Hiroshi Sekiya, Motokazu Uchigashima, Masahiko Watanabe, Alban de Kerchove d'Exaerde, Masaru Mimura, Norio Takata, Kenji F. Tanaka

    JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE   37 ( 10 )   2723 - 2733   2017年3月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:SOC NEUROSCIENCE  

    The ventral striatum is involved in motivated behavior. Akin to the dorsal striatum, the ventral striatum contains two parallel pathways: the striatomesencephalic pathway consisting of dopamine receptor Type 1-expressing medium spiny neurons (D1-MSNs) and the striatopallidal pathway consisting of D2-MSNs. These two genetically identified pathways are thought to encode opposing functions in motivated behavior. It has also been reported that D1/D2 genetic selectivity is not attributed to the anatomical discrimination of two pathways. We wanted to determine whether D1-and D2-MSNs in the ventral striatum functioned in an opposing manner as previous observations claimed, and whether D1/D2 selectivity corresponded to a functional segregation in motivated behavior of mice. To address this question, we focused on the lateral portion of ventral striatum as a region implicated in food-incentive, goal-directed behavior, and recorded D1 or D2-MSN activity by using a gene-encoded ratiometric Ca2+ indicator and by constructing a fiberphotometry system, and manipulated their activities via optogenetic inhibition during ongoing behaviors. We observed concurrent event-related compoundCa(2+) elevations in ventrolateral D1-and D2-MSNs, especially at trial start cue-related and first lever press-related times. D1 or D2 selective optogenetic inhibition just after the trial start cue resulted in a reduction of goal-directed behavior, indicating a shared coding of motivated behavior by both populations at this time. Only D1-selective inhibition just after the first lever press resulted in the reduction of behavior, indicating D1-MSN-specific coding at that specific time. Our data did not support opposing encoding by both populations in food-incentive, goal-directed behavior.

    DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3377-16.2017

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  • Dysfunction of ventrolateral striatal dopamine receptor type 2-expressing medium spiny neurons impairs instrumental motivation 査読

    Iku Tsutsui-Kimura, Hiroyuki Takiue, Keitaro Yoshida, Ming Xu, Ryutaro Yano, Hiroyuki Ohta, Hiroshi Nishida, Youcef Bouchekioua, Hideyuki Okano, Motokazu Uchigashima, Masahiko Watanabe, Norio Takata, Michael R. Drew, Hiromi Sano, Masaru Mimura, Kenji F. Tanaka

    Nature Communications   8   14304   2017年2月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP  

    Impaired motivation is present in a variety of neurological disorders, suggesting that decreased motivation is caused by broad dysfunction of the nervous system across a variety of circuits. Based on evidence that impaired motivation is a major symptom in the early stages of Huntington's disease, when dopamine receptor type 2-expressing striatal medium spiny neurons (D2-MSNs) are particularly affected, we hypothesize that degeneration of these neurons would be a key node regulating motivational status. Using a progressive, time-controllable, diphtheria toxin-mediated cell ablation/dysfunction technique, we find that loss-of-function of D2-MSNs within ventrolateral striatum (VLS) is sufficient to reduce goal-directed behaviours without impairing reward preference or spontaneous behaviour. Moreover, optogenetic inhibition and ablation of VLS D2-MSNs causes, respectively, transient and chronic reductions of goal-directed behaviours. Our data demonstrate that the circuitry containing VLS D2-MSNs control motivated behaviours and that VLS D2-MSN loss-of-function is a possible cause of motivation deficits in neurodegenerative diseases.

    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14304

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  • The Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 1 Mediates Experience-Dependent Maintenance of Mature Synaptic Connectivity in the Visual Thalamus 査読

    Madoka Narushima, Motokazu Uchigashima, Yuki Yagasaki, Takeshi Harada, Yasuyuki Nagumo, Naofumi Uesaka, Kouichi Hashimoto, Atsu Aiba, Masahiko Watanabe, Mariko Miyata, Masanobu Kano

    NEURON   91 ( 5 )   1097 - 1109   2016年9月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:CELL PRESS  

    Neural circuits formed during postnatal development have to be maintained stably thereafter, but their mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here we report that the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 1 (mGluR1) is essential for the maintenance of mature synaptic connectivity in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN). In mGluR1 knockout (mGluR1-KO) mice, strengthening and elimination at retinogeniculate synapses occurred normally until around postnatal day 20 (P20). However, during the subsequent visual-experience-dependent maintenance phase, weak retinogeniculate synapses were newly recruited. These changes were similar to those of wild-type (WT) mice that underwent visual deprivation or inactivation of mGluR1 in the dLGN from P21. Importantly, visual deprivation was ineffective in mGluR1-KO mice, and the changes induced by visual deprivation in WT mice were rescued by pharmacological activation of mGluR1 in the dLGN. These results demonstrate that mGluR1 is crucial for the visual-experience-dependent maintenance of mature synaptic connectivity in the dLGN.

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  • Crucial Roles of the Endocannabinoid 2-Arachidonoylglycerol in the Suppression of Epileptic Seizures 査読

    Yuki Sugaya, Maya Yamazaki, Motokazu Uchigashima, Kenta Kobayashi, Masahiko Watanabe, Kenji Sakimura, Masanobu Kano

    CELL REPORTS   16 ( 5 )   1405 - 1415   2016年8月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:CELL PRESS  

    Endocannabinoid signaling is considered to suppress excessive excitability of neural circuits and to protect the brain from seizures. However, the precise mechanisms of this effect are poorly understood. Here, we report that 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), one of the two major endocannabinoids, is crucial for suppressing seizures. We found that kainate-induced seizures in mice lacking the 2-AG synthesizing enzyme, diacylglycerol lipase alpha, were much more severe compared with those in cannabinoid CB1 receptor knockout mice and were comparable to those in mice lacking both CB1- and CB2-receptor-mediated signaling. In the dentate gyrus, 2-AG suppressed excitatory input around the inner and middle molecular layers through CB1 and presumably CB2 receptors, respectively. This 2-AG-mediated suppression contributed to decreased granule cell excitability and the dampening of seizures. Furthermore, lack of 2-AG signaling enhanced kindling epilepto-genesis and spontaneous seizures after kainate-induced status epilepticus. These results highlight critical roles of 2-AG signaling in the suppression of epileptic seizures.

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  • Transsynaptic Modulation of Kainate Receptor Functions by C1q-like Proteins 査読

    Keiko Matsuda, Timotheus Budisantoso, Nikolaos Mitakidis, Yuki Sugaya, Eriko Miura, Wataru Kakegawa, Miwako Yamasaki, Kohtarou Konno, Motokazu Uchigashima, Manabu Abe, Izumi Watanabe, Masanobu Kano, Masahiko Watanabe, Kenji Sakimura, A. Radu Aricescu, Michisuke Yuzaki

    NEURON   90 ( 4 )   752 - 767   2016年5月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:CELL PRESS  

    Postsynaptic kainate-type glutamate receptors (KARs) regulate synaptic network activity through their slow channel kinetics, most prominently at mossy fiber (MF)-CA3 synapses in the hippocampus. Nevertheless, how KARs cluster and function at these synapses has been unclear. Here, we show that C1q-like proteins C1ql2 and C1ql3, produced by MFs, serve as extracellular organizers to recruit functional postsynaptic KAR complexes to the CA3 pyramidal neurons. C1ql2 and C1ql3 specifically bound the amino-terminal domains of postsynaptic GluK2 and GluK4 KAR subunits and the presynaptic neurexin 3 containing a specific sequence in vitro. In C1ql2/3 double-null mice, CA3 synaptic responses lost the slow, KAR-mediated components. Furthermore, despite induction of MF sprouting in a temporal lobe epilepsy model, KARs were not recruited to postsynaptic sites in C1ql2/3 double-null mice, leading to reduced recurrent circuit activities. C1q family proteins, broadly expressed, are likely to modulate KAR function throughout the brain and represent promising antiepileptic targets.

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  • Dopamine synapse is a neuroligin-2-mediated contact between dopaminergic presynaptic and GABAergic postsynaptic structures 査読

    Motokazu Uchigashima, Toshihisa Ohtsuka, Kazuto Kobayashi, Masahiko Watanabe

    PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA   113 ( 15 )   4206 - 4211   2016年4月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:NATL ACAD SCIENCES  

    Midbrain dopamine neurons project densely to the striatum and form so-called dopamine synapses on medium spiny neurons (MSNs), principal neurons in the striatum. Because dopamine receptors are widely expressed away from dopamine synapses, it remains unclear how dopamine synapses are involved in dopaminergic transmission. Here we demonstrate that dopamine synapses are contacts formed between dopaminergic presynaptic and GABAergic postsynaptic structures. The presynaptic structure expressed tyrosine hydroxylase, vesicular monoamine transporter-2, and plasmalemmal dopamine transporter, which are essential for dopamine synthesis, vesicular filling, and recycling, but was below the detection threshold for molecules involving GABA synthesis and vesicular filling or for GABA itself. In contrast, the postsynaptic structure of dopamine synapses expressed GABAergic molecules, including postsynaptic adhesion molecule neuroligin-2, postsynaptic scaffolding molecule gephyrin, and GABA(A) receptor alpha 1, without any specific clustering of dopamine receptors. Of these, neuroligin-2 promoted presynaptic differentiation in axons of midbrain dopamine neurons and striatal GABAergic neurons in culture. After neuroligin-2 knockdown in the striatum, a significant decrease of dopamine synapses coupled with a reciprocal increase of GABAergic synapses was observed on MSN dendrites. This finding suggests that neuroligin-2 controls striatal synapse formation by giving competitive advantage to heterologous dopamine synapses over conventional GABAergic synapses. Considering that MSN dendrites are preferential targets of dopamine synapses and express high levels of dopamine receptors, dopamine synapse formation may serve to increase the specificity and potency of dopaminergic modulation of striatal outputs by anchoring dopamine release sites to dopamine-sensing targets.

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  • Territories of heterologous inputs onto Purkinje cell dendrites are segregated by mGluR1-dependent parallel fiber synapse elimination 査読

    Ryoichi Ichikawa, Kouichi Hashimoto, Taisuke Miyazaki, Motokazu Uchigashima, Miwako Yamasaki, Atsu Aiba, Masanobu Kano, Masahiko Watanabe

    PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA   113 ( 8 )   2282 - 2287   2016年2月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:NATL ACAD SCIENCES  

    In Purkinje cells (PCs) of the cerebellum, a single "winner" climbing fiber (CF) monopolizes proximal dendrites, whereas hundreds of thousands of parallel fibers (PFs) innervate distal dendrites, and both CF and PF inputs innervate a narrow intermediate domain. It is unclear how this segregated CF and PF innervation is established on PC dendrites. Through reconstruction of dendritic innervation by serial electron microscopy, we show that from postnatal day 9-15 in mice, both CF and PF innervation territories vigorously expand because of an enlargement of the region of overlapping innervation. From postnatal day 15 onwards, segregation of these territories occurs with robust shortening of the overlapping proximal region. Thus, innervation territories by the heterologous inputs are refined during the early postnatal period. Intriguingly, this transition is arrested in mutant mice lacking the type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR1) or protein kinase C gamma (PKC gamma), resulting in the persistence of an abnormally expanded overlapping region. This arrested territory refinement is rescued by lentivirus-mediated expression of mGluR1 alpha into mGluR1-deficient PCs. At the proximal dendrite of rescued PCs, PF synapses are eliminated and free spines emerge instead, whereas the number and density of CF synapses are unchanged. Because the mGluR1-PKC gamma signaling pathway is also essential for the late-phase of CF synapse elimination, this signaling pathway promotes the two key features of excitatory synaptic wiring in PCs, namely CF monoinnervation by eliminating redundant CF synapses from the soma, and segregated territories of CF and PF innervation by eliminating competing PF synapses from proximal dendrites.

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  • Phosphoproteomics of the Dopamine Pathway Enables Discovery of Rap1 Activation as a Reward Signal In Vivo 査読

    Taku Nagai, Shinichi Nakamuta, Keisuke Kuroda, Sakura Nakauchi, Tomoki Nishioka, Tetsuya Takano, Xinjian Zhang, Daisuke Tsuboi, Yasuhiro Funahashi, Takashi Nakano, Junichiro Yoshimoto, Kenta Kobayashi, Motokazu Uchigashima, Masahiko Watanabe, Masami Miura, Akinori Nishi, Kazuto Kobayashi, Kiyofumi Yamada, Mutsuki Amano, Kozo Kaibuchi

    NEURON   89 ( 3 )   550 - 565   2016年2月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:CELL PRESS  

    Dopamine (DA) type 1 receptor (D1R) signaling in the striatum presumably regulates neuronal excitability and reward-related behaviors through PKA. However, whether and how D1Rs and PKA regulate neuronal excitability and behavior remain largely unknown. Here, we developed a phosphoproteomic analysis method to identify known and novel PKA substrates downstream of the D1R and obtained more than 100 candidate substrates, including Rap1 GEF (Rasgrp2). We found that PKA phosphorylation of Rasgrp2 activated its guanine nucleotide-exchange activity on Rap1. Cocaine exposure activated Rap1 in the nucleus accumbens in mice. The expression of constitutively active PKA or Rap1 in accumbal D1R-expressing medium spiny neurons (D1R-MSNs) enhanced neuronal firing rates and behavioral responses to cocaine exposure through MAPK. Knockout of Rap1 in the accumbal D1R-MSNs was sufficient to decrease these phenotypes. These findings demonstrate a novel DA-PKA-Rap1-MAPK intracellular signaling mechanism in D1R-MSNs that increases neuronal excitability to enhance reward-related behaviors.

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  • Production of monoclonal antibodies against GPCR using cell-free synthesized GPCR antigen and biotinylated liposome-based interaction assay 査読

    Hiroyuki Takeda, Tomio Ogasawara, Tatsuhiko Ozawa, Atsushi Muraguchi, Pei-Ju Jih, Ryo Morishita, Motokazu Uchigashima, Masahiko Watanabe, Toyoshi Fujimoto, Takahiro Iwasaki, Yaeta Endo, Tatsuya Sawasaki

    SCIENTIFIC REPORTS   5   11333   2015年6月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP  

    G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are one of the most important drug targets, and anti-GPCR monoclonal antibody (mAb) is an essential tool for functional analysis of GPCRs. However, it is very difficult to develop GPCR-specific mAbs due to difficulties in production of recombinant GPCR antigens, and lack of efficient mAb screening method. Here we describe a novel approach for the production of mAbs against GPCR using two original methods, bilayer-dialysis method and biotinylated liposome-based interaction assay (BiLIA), both of which are developed using wheat cell-free protein synthesis system and liposome technology. Using bilayer-dialysis method, various GPCRs were successfully synthesized with quality and quantity sufficient for immunization. For selection of specific mAb, we designed BiLIA that detects interaction between antibody and membrane protein on liposome. BiLIA prevented denaturation of GPCR, and then preferably selected conformation-sensitive antibodies. Using this approach, we successfully obtained mAbs against DRD1, GHSR, PTGER1 and T1R1. With respect to DRD1 mAb, 36 mouse mAbs and 6 rabbit mAbs were obtained which specifically recognized native DRD1 with high affinity. Among them, half of the mAbs were conformation-sensitive mAb, and two mAbs recognized extracellular loop 2 of DRD1. These results indicated that this approach is useful for GPCR mAb production.

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  • VGluT3-Expressing CCK-Positive Basket Cells Construct Invaginating Synapses Enriched with Endocannabinoid Signaling Proteins in Particular Cortical and Cortex-Like Amygdaloid Regions of Mouse Brains 査読

    Yuki Omiya, Motokazu Uchigashima, Kohtarou Konno, Miwako Yamasaki, Taisuke Miyazaki, Takayuki Yoshida, Ichiro Kusumi, Masahiko Watanabe

    JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE   35 ( 10 )   4215 - 4228   2015年3月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:SOC NEUROSCIENCE  

    Invaginating synapses in the basal amygdala are a unique type of GABAergic synapses equipped with molecular-anatomical organization specialized for 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)-mediated endocannabinoid signaling. Cholecystokinin (CCK)-positive basket cell terminals protrude into pyramidal cell somata and form invaginating synapses, where apposing presynaptic and postsynaptic elements are highly loaded with cannabinoid receptor CB1 or 2-AG synthetic enzyme diacylglycerol lipase-alpha (DGL alpha), respectively. The present study scrutinized their neurochemical and neuroanatomical phenotypes in adult mouse telencephalon. In the basal amygdala, vesicular glutamate transporter-3 (VGluT3) was transcribed in one-fourth of CB1-expressing GABAergic interneurons. The majority of VGluT3-positive CB1-expressing basket cell terminals apposed DGL alpha clusters, whereas the majority of VGluT3-negative ones did not. Importantly, VGluT3-positive basket cell terminals selectively constructed invaginating synapses. GABA(A) receptors accumulated on the postsynaptic membrane of invaginating synapses, whereas metabotropic glutamate receptor-5 (mGluR5) was widely distributed on the somatodendritic surface of pyramidal cells. Moreover, CCK2 receptor (CCK2R) was highly transcribed in pyramidal cells. In cortical regions, pyramidal cells equipped with such VGluT3/CB1/DGL alpha-accumulated invaginating synapses were found at variable frequencies depending on the subregions. Therefore, in addition to extreme proximity of CB1- and DGL alpha-loaded presynaptic and postsynaptic elements, tripartite transmitter phenotype of GABA/glutamate/CCK is the common neurochemical feature of invaginating synapses, suggesting that glutamate, CCK, or both can promote 2-AG synthesis through activating G alpha(q/11) protein-coupled mGluR5 and CCK2R. These molecular configurations led us to hypothesize that invaginating synapses might be evolved to provide some specific mechanisms of induction, regulation, and cooperativity for 2-AG-mediated retrograde signaling in particular cortical and cortex-like amygdaloid regions.

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  • Cellular and subcellular localization of cholecystokinin (CCK)-1 receptors in the pancreas, gallbladder, and stomach of mice 査読

    Kohtarou Konno, Hiromi Takahashi-Iwanaga, Motokazu Uchigashima, Kyoko Miyasaka, Akihiro Funakoshi, Masahiko Watanabe, Toshihiko Iwanaga

    HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY   143 ( 3 )   301 - 312   2015年3月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:SPRINGER  

    Information concerning the cellular localization of cholecystokinin (CCK)-1 receptors has been discrepant and remained scanty at ultrastructural levels. The present immunohistochemical study at light and electron microscopic levels revealed the distinct localization of CCK1 receptors in visceral organs. Immunohistochemistry by use of a purified antibody against mouse CCK1 receptor was applied to fixed tissue sections of the pancreas, gallbladder, stomach, and intestine of mice. A silver-intensified immunogold method revealed the subcellular localization under electron microscope. The immunoreactivity for CCK1 receptors was selectively found in the basolateral membrane of pancreatic acinar cells and gastric chief cells but was absent in pancreatic islets and gastric D cells. Another intense expression in the gut was seen in the myenteric nerve plexus of the antro-duodenal region and some populations of c-Kit-expressing pacemaker cells in the duodenal musculature. The gallbladder contained smooth muscle fibers with an intense immunoreactivity of CCK1 receptors on cell surfaces. The restricted localization of CCK1 receptors on the basolateral membrane of pancreatic acinar cells and gastric chief cells, along with their absence in the islets of Langerhans and gastric D cells, provides definitive information concerning the regulatory mechanism by circulating CCK. Especially, the subcellular localization in the acinar cells completes the investigation for the detection of circulating CCK by the basolateral membrane.

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  • Retrograde Signaling for Climbing Fiber Synapse Elimination 査読

    Naofumi Uesaka, Motokazu Uchigashima, Takayasu Mikuni, Hirokazu Hirai, Masahiko Watanabe, Masanobu Kano

    CEREBELLUM   14 ( 1 )   4 - 7   2015年2月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:SPRINGER  

    Neurons form exuberant synapses with target cells early in development. Then, necessary synapses are selectively strengthened whereas unnecessary connections are weakened and eventually eliminated during postnatal development. This process is known as synapse elimination and is a crucial step for shaping immature neural circuits into functionally mature versions. Accumulating evidence suggests that retrograde signaling from postsynaptic cells regulates synapse elimination, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we show that semaphorin3A (Sema3A) and semaphorin7A (Sema7A) mediate retrograde signals for elimination of redundant climbing fiber (CF) to Purkinje cell (PC) synapses in the developing cerebellum, a representative model of synapse elimination in the central nervous system. We picked up candidate retrograde signaling molecules that are expressed in PCs during the period of CF synapse elimination and the receptors of these candidate molecules that are present in CFs. We then assessed the effects of lentivirus-mediated RNAi-knockdown of these molecules on CF synapse elimination. By this systematic screening, we found that knockdown of Sema3A in PCs or its co-receptor, plexinA4 (PlxnA4), in CFs accelerated CF synapse elimination and decreased CF-mediated synaptic inputs. Conversely, knockdown of Sema7A in PCs or either of the two receptors for Sema7A, plexinC1 (PlxnC1) and integrinB1 (ItgB1), in CFs impaired CF synapse elimination. Importantly, the effect of Sema7A involves signaling by type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR1), a canonical pathway in PCs for the final stage of CF synapse elimination. These results demonstrate that specific semaphorins act as retrograde signaling molecules and regulate distinct processes of CF synapse elimination during postnatal cerebellar development.

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  • Neuron type- and input pathway-dependent expression of Slc4a10 in adult mouse brains 査読

    Xiaohong Song, Miwako Yamasaki, Taisuke Miyazaki, Kohtarou Konno, Motokazu Uchigashima, Masahiko Watanabe

    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE   40 ( 5 )   2797 - 2810   2014年9月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:WILEY-BLACKWELL  

    Slc4a10 was originally identified as a Na+-driven Cl-/HCO3- exchanger NCBE that transports extracellular Na+ and HCO3- in exchange for intracellular Cl-, whereas other studies argue against a Cl--dependence for Na+-HCO3- transport, and thus named it the electroneutral Na+/HCO3- cotransporter NBCn2. Here we investigated Slc4a10 expression in adult mouse brains by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Slc4a10 mRNA was widely expressed, with higher levels in pyramidal cells in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, parvalbumin-positive interneurons in the hippocampus, and Purkinje cells (PCs) in the cerebellum. Immunohistochemistry revealed an uneven distribution of Slc4a10 within the somatodendritic compartment of cerebellar neurons. In the cerebellar molecular layer, stellate cells and their innervation targets (i.e. PC dendrites in the superficial molecular layer) showed significantly higher labeling than basket cells and their targets (PC dendrites in the basal molecular layer and PC somata). Moreover, the distal dendritic trees of PCs (i.e. parallel fiber-targeted dendrites) had significantly greater labeling than the proximal dendrites (climbing fiber-targeted dendrites). These observations suggest that Slc4a10 expression is regulated in neuron type- and input pathway-dependent manners. Because such an elaborate regulation is also found for K+-Cl- cotransporter KCC2, a major neuronal Cl- extruder, we compared their expression. Slc4a10 and KCC2 overlapped in most somatodendritic elements. However, relative abundance was largely complementary in the cerebellar cortex, with particular enrichments of Slc4a10 in PC dendrites and KCC2 in molecular layer interneurons, granule cells and PC somata. These properties might reflect functional redundancy and distinction of these transporters, and their differential requirements by individual neurons and respective input domains.

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  • GABAergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area receive dual GABA/enkephalin-mediated inhibitory inputs from the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis 査読

    Takehiro Kudo, Kohtarou Konno, Motokazu Uchigashima, Yuchio Yanagawa, Ichiro Sora, Masabumi Minami, Masahiko Watanabe

    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE   39 ( 11 )   1796 - 1809   2014年6月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:WILEY-BLACKWELL  

    Activation of mu-opioid receptor (MOR) disinhibits dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) through inhibition of -aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons. This mechanism is thought to play a pivotal role in mediating reward behaviors. Here, we characterised VTA-projecting enkephalinergic neurons in the anterior division of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) and investigated their targets by examining MOR expression in the VTA. In the BST, neurons expressing preproenkephalin mRNA were exclusively GABAergic, and constituted 37.2% of the total GABAergic neurons. Using retrograde tracer injected into the VTA, 21.6% of VTA-projecting BST neurons were shown to express preproenkephalin mRNA. Enkephalinergic projections from the BST exclusively formed symmetrical synapses onto the dendrites of VTA neurons. In the VTA, 74.1% of MOR mRNA-expressing neurons were GABAergic, with the rest being glutamatergic neurons expressing type-2 vesicular glutamate transporter mRNA. However, MOR mRNA was below the detection threshold in dopaminergic neurons. By immunohistochemistry, MOR was highly expressed on the extrasynaptic membranes of dendrites in GABAergic VTA neurons, including dendrites innervated by BST-VTA projection terminals. MOR was also expressed weakly on GABAergic and glutamatergic terminals in the VTA. Given that GABAA1 is expressed at GABAergic BST-VTA synapses on dendrites of GABAergic neurons [T. Kudo etal. (2012) J. Neurosci., 32, 18035-18046], our results collectively indicate that the BST sends dual inhibitory outputs targeting GABAergic VTA neurons; GABAergic inhibition via wired' transmission, and enkephalinergic inhibition via volume' transmission. This dual inhibitory system provides the neural substrate underlying the potent disinhibitory control over dopaminergic VTA neurons exerted by the BST.

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  • Retrograde semaphorin signaling regulates synapse elimination in the developing mouse brain 査読

    Naofumi Uesaka, Motokazu Uchigashima, Takayasu Mikuni, Takanobu Nakazawa, Harumi Nakao, Hirokazu Hirai, Atsu Aiba, Masahiko Watanabe, Masanobu Kano

    SCIENCE   344 ( 6187 )   1020 - 1023   2014年5月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE  

    Neural circuits are shaped by elimination of early-formed redundant synapses during postnatal development. Retrograde signaling from postsynaptic cells regulates synapse elimination. In this work, we identified semaphorins, a family of versatile cell recognition molecules, as retrograde signals for elimination of redundant climbing fiber to Purkinje cell synapses in developing mouse cerebellum. Knockdown of Sema3A, a secreted semaphorin, in Purkinje cells or its receptor in climbing fibers accelerated synapse elimination during postnatal day 8 (P8) to P18. Conversely, knockdown of Sema7A, a membrane-anchored semaphorin, in Purkinje cells or either of its two receptors in climbing fibers impaired synapse elimination after P15. The effect of Sema7A involves signaling by metabotropic glutamate receptor 1, a canonical pathway for climbing fiber synapse elimination. These findings define how semaphorins retrogradely regulate multiple processes of synapse elimination.

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  • Enriched Expression of GluD1 in Higher Brain Regions and Its Involvement in Parallel Fiber-Interneuron Synapse Formation in the Cerebellum 査読

    Kohtarou Konno, Keiko Matsuda, Chihiro Nakamoto, Motokazu Uchigashima, Taisuke Miyazaki, Miwako Yamasaki, Kenji Sakimura, Michisuke Yuzaki, Masahiko Watanabe

    JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE   34 ( 22 )   7412 - 7424   2014年5月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:SOC NEUROSCIENCE  

    Of the two members of the delta subfamily of ionotropic glutamate receptors, GluD2 is exclusively expressed at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell (PF-PC) synapses in the cerebellum and regulates their structural and functional connectivity. However, little is known to date regarding cellular and synaptic expression of GluD1 and its role in synaptic circuit formation. In the present study, we investigated this issue by producing specific and sensitive histochemical probes for GluD1 and analyzing cerebellar synaptic circuits in GluD1-knock-out mice. GluD1 was widely expressed in the adult mouse brain, with high levels in higher brain regions, including the cerebral cortex, striatum, limbic regions (hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, lateral septum, bed nucleus stria terminalis, lateral habenula, and central nucleus of the amygdala), and cerebellar cortex. In the cerebellar cortex, GluD1 mRNA was expressed at the highest level in molecular layer interneurons and its immunoreactivity was concentrated at PF synapses on interneuron somata. In GluD1-knock-out mice, the density of PF synapses on interneuron somata was significantly reduced and the size and number of interneurons were significantly diminished. Therefore, GluD1 is common to GluD2 in expression at PF synapses, but distinct from GluD2 in neuronal expression in the cerebellar cortex; that is, GluD1 in interneurons and GluD2 in PCs. Furthermore, GluD1 regulates the connectivity of PF-interneuron synapses and promotes the differentiation and/or survival of molecular layer interneurons. These results suggest that GluD1 works in concert with GluD2 for the construction of cerebellar synaptic wiring through distinct neuronal and synaptic expressions and also their shared synapse-connecting function.

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  • Chronic Alterations in Monoaminergic Cells in the Locus Coeruleus in Orexin Neuron-Ablated Narcoleptic Mice 査読

    Natsuko Tsujino, Tomomi Tsunematsu, Motokazu Uchigashima, Kohtarou Konno, Akihiro Yamanaka, Kazuto Kobayashi, Masahiko Watanabe, Yoshimasa Koyama, Takeshi Sakurai

    PLOS ONE   8 ( 7 )   e70012   2013年7月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE  

    Narcolepsy patients often suffer from insomnia in addition to excessive daytime sleepiness. Narcoleptic animals also show behavioral instability characterized by frequent transitions between all vigilance states, exhibiting very short bouts of NREM sleep as well as wakefulness. The instability of wakefulness states in narcolepsy is thought to be due to deficiency of orexins, neuropeptides produced in the lateral hypothalamic neurons, which play a highly important role in maintaining wakefulness. However, the mechanism responsible for sleep instability in this disorder remains to be elucidated. Because firing of orexin neurons ceases during sleep in healthy animals, deficiency of orexins does not explain the abnormality of sleep. We hypothesized that chronic compensatory changes in the neurophysiologica activity of the locus coeruleus (LC) and dorsal raphe (DR) nucleus in response to the progressive loss of endogenous orexin tone underlie the pathological regulation of sleep/wake states. To evaluate this hypothesis, we examined firing patterns of serotonergic (5-HT) neurons and noradrenergic (NA) neurons in the brain stem, two important neuronal populations in the regulation of sleep/wakefulness states. We recorded single-unit activities of 5-HT neurons and NA neurons in the DR nucleus and LC of orexin neuron-ablated narcoleptic mice. We found that while the firing pattern of 5-HT neurons in narcoleptic mice was similar to that in wildtype mice, that of NA neurons was significantly different from that in wildtype mice. In narcoleptic mice, NA neurons showed a higher firing frequency during both wakefulness and NREM sleep as compared with wildtype mice. In vitro patch-clamp study of NA neurons of narcoleptic mice suggested a functional decrease of GABAergic input to these neurons. These alterations might play roles in the sleep abnormality in narcolepsy.

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  • Type 2K+Cl cotransporter is preferentially recruited to climbing fiber synapses during development and the stellate cell-targeting dendritic zone at adulthood in cerebellar Purkinje cells 査読

    Issei Kawakita, Motokazu Uchigashima, Kohtarou Konno, Taisuke Miyazaki, Miwako Yamasaki, Masahiko Watanabe

    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE   37 ( 4 )   532 - 543   2013年2月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:WILEY-BLACKWELL  

    Postnatal expression of the type 2K+Cl cotransporter (KCC2) in neurons lowers the Cl equilibrium potential to values that are more negative than the resting potential, thereby converting the action of Cl-permeable GABAA and glycine receptors from excitatory to inhibitory. In the present study, we investigated the spatiotemporal expression of KCC2 in mouse cerebella, particularly focusing on Purkinje cells (PCs). First, we confirmed the fundamental expression profiles of KCC2 in the cerebellum, i.e. neuron-specific expression, somatodendritic distribution, and postnatal upregulation. We also found preferential recruitment to climbing fiber (CF) synapses during the second and third postnatal weeks, when perisomatic innervation in PCs switches from CFs to basket cell axons (BAs) and also when single winner CFs translocate from somata to dendrites. In parallel with this synaptic recruitment, the intracellular distribution shifted from a diffuse cytoplasmic to a predominantly cell surface pattern. In adult PCs, CF synapse-associated accumulation was obscured. Instead, significantly high expression was noted on the surface of PC dendrites in the superficial two-thirds of the molecular layer, in which stellate cells reside and project axons to innervate PC dendrites. Thus, the somatodendritic distribution in PCs is regulated in relation to particular inputs or input zones. During development, timed recruitment of KCC2 to CF synapses will augment inhibitory GABAergic actions by incoming BAs, promoting the CF-to-BA switchover in perisomatic PC innervation. In adulthood, enriched KCC2 expression at the stellate cell-targeting territory of PC dendrites might help in maintaining intracellular Cl homeostasis and the polarity of GABAA receptor-mediated responses upon sustained activity of this interneuron.

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  • Three Types of Neurochemical Projection from the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis to the Ventral Tegmental Area in Adult Mice 査読

    Takehiro Kudo, Motokazu Uchigashima, Taisuke Miyazaki, Kohtarou Konno, Miwako Yamasaki, Yuchio Yanagawa, Masabumi Minami, Masahiko Watanabe

    JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE   32 ( 50 )   18035 - 18046   2012年12月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:SOC NEUROSCIENCE  

    Dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) play crucial roles in motivational control of behaviors, and their activity is regulated directly or indirectly via GABAergic neurons by extrinsic afferents from various sources, including the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis ( BST). Here, the neurochemical composition of VTA-projecting BST neurons and their outputs to the VTA were studied in adult mouse brains. By combining retrograde tracing with fluorescence in situ hybridization for 67 kDa glutamate decarboxylase (GAD67) and vesicular glutamate transporters (VGluTs), VTA-targeting BST neurons were classified into GAD67-positive (GAD67(+))/VGluT3-negative (VGluT3(-)), GAD67(+)/VGluT3(+), and VGluT2(+) neurons, of which GAD67(+)/VGluT3(-)neurons constituted the majority (similar to 90%) of VTA-projecting BST neurons. GABAergic efferents from the BST formed symmetrical synapses on VTA neurons, which were mostly GABAergic neurons, and expressed GABA(A) receptor alpha 1 subunit on their synaptic and extrasynaptic membranes. In the VTA, VGluT3 was detected in terminals expressing vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter ( VIAAT), plasmalemmal serotonin transporter, or neither. Of these, VIAAT(+)/VGluT3(+) terminals, which should include those from GAD67(+)/VGluT3(+) BST neurons, formed symmetrical synapses. When single axons from VGluT3(+) BST neurons were examined, almost all terminals were labeled for VIAAT, whereas VGluT3 was often absent from terminals with high VIAAT loads. VGluT2(+) terminals in the VTA exclusively formed asymmetrical synapses, which expressed AMPA receptors on postsynaptic membrane. Therefore, the major mode of the BST-VTA projection is GABAergic, and its activation is predicted to disinhibit VTA DAergic neurons. VGluT2(+) and VGluT3(+) BST neurons further supply additional projections, which may principally convey excitatory or inhibitory inputs, respectively, to the VTA.

    DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4057-12.2012

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  • Striatal Indirect Pathway Contributes to Selection Accuracy of Learned Motor Actions 査読

    Kayo Nishizawa, Ryoji Fukabori, Kana Okada, Nobuyuki Kai, Motokazu Uchigashima, Masahiko Watanabe, Akira Shiota, Masatsugu Ueda, Yuji Tsutsui, Kazuto Kobayashi

    JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE   32 ( 39 )   13421 - 13432   2012年9月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:SOC NEUROSCIENCE  

    The dorsal striatum, which contains the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) and dorsomedial striatum (DMS), integrates the acquisition and implementation of instrumental learning in cooperation with the nucleus accumbens (NAc). The dorsal striatum regulates the basal ganglia circuitry through direct and indirect pathways. The mechanism by which these pathways mediate the learning processes of instrumental actions remains unclear. We investigated how the striatal indirect (striatopallidal) pathway arising from the DLS contributes to the performance of conditional discrimination. Immunotoxin targeting of the striatal neuronal type containing dopamine D-2 receptor in the DLS of transgenic rats resulted in selective, efficient elimination of the striatopallidal pathway. This elimination impaired the accuracy of response selection in a two-choice reaction time task dependent on different auditory stimuli. The impaired response selection was elicited early in the test sessions and was gradually restored as the sessions continued. The restoration from the deficits in auditory discrimination was prevented by excitotoxic lesion of the NAc but not by that of the DMS. In addition, lesion of the DLS mimicked the behavioral consequence of the striatopallidal removal at the early stage of test sessions of discriminative performance. Our results demonstrate that the DLS-derived striatopallidal pathway plays an essential role in the execution of conditional discrimination, showing its contribution to the control of selection accuracy of learned motor responses. The results also suggest the presence of a mechanism that compensates for the learning deficits during the repetitive sessions, at least partly, demanding accumbal function.

    DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1969-12.2012

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  • Localization of Acetylcholine-Related Molecules in the Retina: Implication of the Communication from Photoreceptor to Retinal Pigment Epithelium 査読

    Hidetaka Matsumoto, Koji Shibasaki, Motokazu Uchigashima, Amane Koizumi, Masashi Kurachi, Yasuhiro Moriwaki, Hidemi Misawa, Koichiro Kawashima, Masahiko Watanabe, Shoji Kishi, Yasuki Ishizaki

    PLOS ONE   7 ( 8 )   e42841   2012年8月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE  

    It has been long speculated that specific signals are transmitted from photoreceptors to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). However, such signals have not been identified. In this study, we examined the retinal expression and localization of acetylcholine-related molecules as putative candidates for these signals. Previous reports revealed that alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are present in the microvilli of RPE cells that envelope the tips of photoreceptor outer segments (OS). Secreted mammalian leukocyte antigen 6/urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor-related protein-1 (SLURP-1) is a positive allosteric modulator of the alpha 7 nAChR. Therefore, we first focused on the expression of SLURP-1. SLURP-1 mRNA was expressed in the outer nuclear layer, which is comprised of photoreceptor cell bodies. SLURP-1 immunoreactivity co-localized with rhodopsin and S-opsin in photoreceptor OS, while choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and high affinity choline transporter (CHT-1) were also expressed in photoreceptor OS. Immunoelectron microscopy identified that the majority of SLURP-1 was localized to the plasma membranes of photoreceptor OS. These results provide evidence that SLURP-1 is synthesized in photoreceptor cell bodies and transported to photoreceptor OS, where SLURP-1 may also be secreted. Our findings suggest that photoreceptor OS communicate via neurotransmitters such as ACh and SLURP-1, while RPE cells might receive these signals through alpha 7 nAChRs in their microvilli.

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  • Synapse type-independent degradation of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol after retrograde synaptic suppression 査読

    Asami Tanimura, Motokazu Uchigashima, Maya Yamazaki, Naofumi Uesaka, Takayasu Mikuni, Manabu Abe, Kouichi Hashimoto, Masahiko Watanabe, Kenji Sakimura, Masanobu Kano

    PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA   109 ( 30 )   12195 - 12200   2012年7月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:NATL ACAD SCIENCES  

    The endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) mediates retrograde synaptic suppression. Although the mechanisms of 2AG production are well characterized, how 2-AG is degraded is less clearly understood. Here we found that expression of the 2-AG hydrolyzing enzyme monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) was highly heterogeneous in the cerebellum, being rich within parallel fiber (PF) terminals, weak in Bergman glia (BG), and absent in other synaptic terminals. Despite this highly selective MGL expression pattern, 2-AG-mediated retrograde suppression was significantly prolonged at not only PF-Purkinje cell (PC) synapses but also climbing fiber-PC synapses in granule cell-specific MGL knockout (MGL-KO) mice whose cerebellar MGL expression was confined to the BG. Virus-mediated expression of MGL into the BG of global MGL-KO mice significantly shortened 2-AG-mediated retrograde suppression at PF-PC synapses. Furthermore, contribution of MGL to termination of 2-AG signaling depended on the distance from MGL-rich PFs to inhibitory synaptic terminals. Thus, 2-AG is degraded in a synapse-type independent manner by MGL present in PFs and the BG. The results of the present study strongly suggest that MGL regulates 2-AG signaling rather broadly within a certain range of neural tissue, although MGL expression is heterogeneous and limited to a subset of nerve terminals and astrocytes.

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  • Lack of Molecular-Anatomical Evidence for GABAergic Influence on Axon Initial Segment of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells by the Pinceau Formation 査読

    Atsushi Iwakura, Motokazu Uchigashima, Taisuke Miyazaki, Miwako Yamasaki, Masahiko Watanabe

    JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE   32 ( 27 )   9438 - 9448   2012年7月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:SOC NEUROSCIENCE  

    The axon initial segment (AIS) of cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) is embraced by ramified axons of GABAergic basket cells (BCs) called the pinceau formation. This unique structure has been assumed to be a device for the modulation of PC outputs through electrical and/or GABAergic inhibition. Electrical inhibition is supported by enriched potassium channels, absence of sodium channels, and developed septate-like junctions between BC axons. The neurochemical basis for GABAergic inhibition, however, has not been well investigated. Here we addressed this issue using C56BL/6 mice. First, we confirmed previous observations that typical synaptic contacts were rare and confined to proximal axonal portions, with the remaining portions being mostly covered by astrocytic processes. Then we examined the expression of molecules involved in GABAergic signaling, including GABA synthetic enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), vesicular GABA transporter vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter (VIAAT), cytomatrix active zone protein bassoon, GABA receptor GABA(A)R alpha 1, and cell adhesion molecule neuroligin-2. These molecules were recruited to form a functional assembly at perisomatic BC-PC synapses and along the AIS of hippocampal and neocortical pyramidal cells. GAD and VIAAT immunogold labeling was five times lower in the pinceau formation compared with perisomatic BC terminals and showed no accumulation toward the AIS. Moreover, bassoon, neuroligin-2, and GABA(A)R alpha 1 formed no detectable clusters along the ankyrin-G-positive AIS proper. These findings indicate that GABAergic signaling machinery is organized loosely and even incompletely in the pinceau formation. Together, BCs do not appear to exert GABAergic synaptic inhibition on the AIS, although the mode of action of the pinceau formation remains to be explored.

    DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1651-12.2012

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  • TRIM67 Protein Negatively Regulates Ras Activity through Degradation of 80K-H and Induces Neuritogenesis 査読

    Hiroaki Yaguchi, Fumihiko Okumura, Hidehisa Takahashi, Takahiro Kano, Hiroyuki Kameda, Motokazu Uchigashima, Shinya Tanaka, Masahiko Watanabe, Hidenao Sasaki, Shigetsugu Hatakeyama

    JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY   287 ( 15 )   12050 - 12059   2012年4月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC  

    Tripartite motif (TRIM)-containing proteins, which are defined by the presence of a common domain structure composed of a RING finger, one or two B-box motifs and a coiled-coil motif, are involved in many biological processes including innate immunity, viral infection, carcinogenesis, and development. Here we show that TRIM67, which has a TRIM motif, an FN3 domain and a SPRY domain, is highly expressed in the cerebellum and that TRIM67 interacts with PRG-1 and 80K-H, which is involved in the Ras-mediated signaling pathway. Ectopic expression of TRIM67 results in degradation of endogenous 80K-H and attenuation of cell proliferation and enhances neuritogenesis in the neuroblastoma cell line N1E-115. Furthermore, morphological and biological changes caused by knockdown of 80K-H are similar to those observed by overexpression of TRIM67. These findings suggest that TRIM67 regulates Ras signaling via degradation of 80K-H, leading to neural differentiation including neuritogenesis.

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  • Unbalance of CB1 receptors expressed in GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease 査読

    Valentina Chiodi, Motokazu Uchigashima, Sarah Beggiato, Antonella Ferrante, Monica Armida, Alberto Martire, Rosa Luisa Potenza, Luca Ferraro, Sergio Tanganelli, Masahiko Watanabe, Maria Rosaria Domenici, Patrizia Popoli

    NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE   45 ( 3 )   983 - 991   2012年3月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

    Cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1Rs) are known to be downregulated in patients and in animal models of Huntington's disease (HD). However, the functional meaning of this reduction, if any, is still unclear. Here, the effects of the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 (WIN) were investigated on striatal synaptic transmission and on glutamate and GABA release in symptomatic R6/2 mice, a genetic model of HD. The expression levels of CB1Rs in glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses were also evaluated. We found that in R6/2 mice, WIN effects on synaptic transmission and glutamate release were significantly increased with respect to wild type mice. On the contrary, a decrease in WIN-induced reduction of GABA release was found in R6/2 versus WT mice. The expression of CB1Rs in GABAergic neurons was drastically reduced, while CB1Rs levels in glutamatergic neurons were unchanged. These results demonstrate that the expression and functionality of CB1Rs are differentially affected in GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in R6/2 mice. As a result, the balance between CB1Rs expressed by the two neuronal populations and, thus, the net effect of CB1R stimulation, is profoundly altered in HD mice. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.12.017

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  • Striatal direct pathway modulates response time in execution of visual discrimination 査読

    Ryoji Fukabori, Kana Okada, Kayo Nishizawa, Nobuyuki Kai, Kenta Kobayashi, Motokazu Uchigashima, Masahiko Watanabe, Yuji Tsutsui, Kazuto Kobayashi

    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE   35 ( 5 )   784 - 797   2012年3月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:WILEY-BLACKWELL  

    The dorsal striatum in the basal ganglia circuitry is a principal structure that mediates the acquisition and performance of instrumental learning. The projections from the dorsal striatum are composed of two subpopulations of medium spiny neurons that constitute the direct and indirect pathways. The mechanism by which these striatal projections control the learning processes of instrumental actions remains unknown. We addressed the behavioral role of the striatal direct (striatonigral) pathway in the performance of visual discrimination. Immunotoxin targeting of the striatal neuronal type containing dopamine D1 receptor in mice resulted in a moderate level of elimination of the striatonigral pathway. Targeting of the neural pathway from the whole region of the dorsal striatum lengthened the response time but did not affect the accuracy of response selection in a two-choice reaction time task dependent on light stimulus. This lengthened motor response was induced early in the test sessions and was gradually restored to normal levels during repetitive sessions. In addition, subregion-specific pathway targeting revealed that the delay in learned motor response was generated by the elimination of the striatonigral pathway arising from the dorsomedial striatum but not from the dorsolateral striatum. Our findings indicate that the striatonigral pathway, in particular from the dorsomedial striatum, contributes to the regulation of response time in the execution of visual discrimination. The restoration of motor response deficits during repetitive sessions suggests the presence of a mechanism by which the response facilitation is acquired through continuation of learning despite the removal of the striatonigral pathway.

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  • Selective Neural Pathway Targeting Reveals Key Roles of Thalamostriatal Projection in the Control of Visual Discrimination 査読

    Shigeki Kato, Masahito Kuramochi, Kenta Kobayashi, Ryoji Fukabori, Kana Okada, Motokazu Uchigashima, Masahiko Watanabe, Yuji Tsutsui, Kazuto Kobayashi

    JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE   31 ( 47 )   17169 - 17179   2011年11月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:SOC NEUROSCIENCE  

    The dorsal striatum receives converging excitatory inputs from diverse brain regions, including the cerebral cortex and the intralaminar/midline thalamic nuclei, and mediates learning processes contributing to instrumental motor actions. However, the roles of each striatal input pathway in these learning processes remain uncertain. We developed a novel strategy to target specific neural pathways and applied this strategy for studying behavioral roles of the pathway originating from the parafascicular nucleus (PF) and projecting to the dorsolateral striatum. A highly efficient retrograde gene transfer vector encoding the recombinant immunotoxin (IT) receptor was injected into the dorsolateral striatum in mice to express the receptor in neurons innervating the striatum. IT treatment into the PF of the vector-injected animals caused a selective elimination of neurons of the PF-derived thalamostriatal pathway. The elimination of this pathway impaired the response selection accuracy and delayed the motor response in the acquisition of a visual cue-dependent discrimination task. When the pathway elimination was induced after learning acquisition, it disturbed the response accuracy in the task performance with no apparent change in the response time. The elimination did not influence spontaneous locomotion, methamphetamine-induced hyperactivity, and motor skill learning that demand the function of the dorsal striatum. These results demonstrate that thalamostriatal projection derived from the PF plays essential roles in the acquisition and execution of discrimination learning in response to sensory stimulus. The temporal difference in the pathway requirement for visual discrimination suggests a stage-specific role of thalamostriatal pathway in the modulation of response time of learned motor actions.

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  • Molecular and morphological configuration for 2-arachidonoylglycerol-mediated retrograde signaling at mossy cell-granule cell synapses in the dentate gyrus. 査読

    Uchigashima M, Yamazaki M, Yamasaki M, Tanimura A, Sakimura K, Kano M, Watanabe M

    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience   31 ( 21 )   7700 - 7714   2011年5月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:21  

    2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is the endocannabinoid that mediates retrograde suppression of neurotransmission in the brain. In the present study, we investigated the 2-AG signaling system at mossy cell (MC)-granule cell (GC) synapses in the mouse dentate gyrus, an excitatory recurrent circuit where endocannabinoids are thought to suppress epileptogenesis. First, we showed by electrophysiology that 2-AG produced by diacylglycerol lipase α(DGLα) mediated both depolarization-induced suppression of excitation and its enhancement by group I metabotropic glutamate receptor activation at MC-GC synapses, as they were abolished in DGLα-knock-out mice. Immunohistochemistry revealed that DGLα was enriched in the neck portion of GC spines forming synapses with MC terminals, whereas cannabinoid CB1 receptors accumulated in the terminal portion of MC axons. On the other hand, the major 2-AG-degrading enzyme, monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL), was absent at MC-GC synapses but was expressed in astrocytes and some inhibitory terminals. Serial electron microscopy clarified that a given GC spine was innervated by a single MC terminal and also contacted nonsynaptically by other MC terminals making synapses with other GC spines in the neighborhood. MGL-expressing elements, however, poorly covered GC spines, amounting to 17% of the total surface of GC spines by astrocytes and 4% by inhibitory terminals. Our findings provide a basis for 2-AG-mediated retrograde suppression of MC-GC synaptic transmission and also suggest that 2-AG released from activated GC spines is readily accessible to nearby MC-GC synapses by escaping from enzymatic degradation. This molecular-anatomical configuration will contribute to adjust network activity in the dentate gyrus after enhanced excitation.

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  • Unique inhibitory synapse with particularly rich endocannabinoid signaling machinery on pyramidal neurons in basal amygdaloid nucleus 査読

    Takayuki Yoshida, Motokazu Uchigashima, Miwako Yamasaki, Istvan Katona, Maya Yamazaki, Kenji Sakimura, Masanobu Kano, Mitsuhiro Yoshioka, Masahiko Watanabe

    PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA   108 ( 7 )   3059 - 3064   2011年2月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:NATL ACAD SCIENCES  

    2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is the endocannabinoid that mediates retrograde suppression of synaptic transmission in the brain. 2-AG is synthesized in activated postsynaptic neurons by sn-1-specific diacylglycerol lipase (DGL), binds to presynaptic cannabinoid CB(1) receptors, suppresses neurotransmitter release, and is degraded mainly by monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL). In the basolateral amygdala complex, it has been demonstrated that CB(1) is particularly enriched in axon terminals of cholecystokinin (CCK)-positive GABAergic interneurons, induces short-and long-term depression at inhibitory synapses, and is involved in extinction of fear memory. Here, we clarified a unique molecular convergence of DGL alpha, CB(1), and MGL at specific inhibitory synapses in the basal nucleus (BA), but not lateral nucleus, of the basolateral amygdala. The synapses, termed invaginating synapses, consisted of conventional symmetrical contact and unique perisynaptic invagination of nerve terminals into perikarya. At invaginating synapses, DGL alpha was preferentially recruited to concave somatic membrane of postsynaptic pyramidal neurons, whereas invaginating presynaptic terminals highly expressed CB(1), MGL, and CCK. No such molecular convergence was seen for flat perisomatic synapses made by parvalbumin-positive interneurons. On the other hand, DGL alpha and CB(1) were expressed weakly at axospinous excitatory synapses. Consistent with these morphological data, thresholds for DGL alpha-mediated depolarization-induced retrograde suppression were much lower for inhibitory synapses than for excitatory synapses in BA pyramidal neurons. Moreover, depolarization-induced suppression was readily saturated for inhibition, but never for excitation. These findings suggest that perisomatic inhibition by invaginating synapses is a key target of 2-AG-mediated control of the excitability of BA pyramidal neurons.

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  • Rho/Rho-kinase signaling pathway controls axon patterning of a specified subset of cranial motor neurons 査読

    Kenta Kobayashi, Tomoyuki Masuda, Masanori Takahashi, Jun-ichi Miyazaki, Masahiro Nakagawa, Motokazu Uchigashima, Masahiko Watanabe, Hiroyuki Yaginuma, Noriko Osumi, Kozo Kaibuchi, Kazuto Kobayashi

    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE   33 ( 4 )   612 - 621   2011年2月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:WILEY-BLACKWELL  

    Cranial motor neurons, which are divided into somatic motor (SM), branchiomotor (BM) and visceral motor (VM) neurons, form distinct axonal trajectories to innervate their synapse targets. Rho GTPase regulates various neuronal functions through one of the major effector proteins, Rho-kinase. Here, we addressed the in vivo role of the Rho/Rho-kinase signaling pathway in axon patterning of cranial motor neurons. We performed conditional expression of a dominant-negative mutant for RhoA or Rho-kinase in transgenic mice by using the Cre-loxP system to suppress the activity of these molecules in developing cranial motor neurons. Blockade of the Rho/Rho-kinase signaling pathway caused defects in the patterning of SM axons but not in that of BM/VM axons, in which defects were accompanied by reduced muscle innervation and reduced synapse formation by SM neurons. In addition, blockade of the signaling pathway shifted the trajectory of growing SM axons in explant cultures, whereas it did not appear to affect the rate of spontaneous axonal outgrowth. These results indicate that the Rho/Rho-kinase signaling pathway plays an essential role in the axon patterning of cranial SM neurons during development.

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  • Cellular expression and subcellular localization of secretogranin II in the mouse hippocampus and cerebellum 査読

    Taisuke Miyazaki, Miwako Yamasaki, Motokazu Uchigashima, Ayano Matsushima, Masahiko Watanabe

    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE   33 ( 1 )   82 - 94   2011年1月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC  

    Secretogranin II (SgII), or chromogranin C, is thought to participate in the sorting and packaging of peptide hormones and neuropeptides into secretory granules and large dense-core vesicle (LDCVs), and also functions as a precursor of neuropeptide secretoneurin. Although SgII is widely distributed in the brain and is predominantly localized at terminals of mossy fibers in the hippocampus and cerebellum and climbing fibers in the cerebellum, its cellular expression and ultrastructural localization remain largely unknown. In the present study, we addressed this issue in the adult mouse brain by multiple-labeling fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence and by preembedding and postembedding immunoelectron microscopies. SgII was expressed in various neurons, distributed as either tiny puncta or coarse aggregates in the neuropil, and intensely accumulated in perikarya of particular neurons, such as parvalbumin-positive interneurons and mossy cells in the hippocampus and Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. Coarse aggregates were typical of terminals of mossy fibers and climbing fibers. In these terminals, numerous immunogold particles were clustered on individual LDCVs, and one or two particles also fell within small synaptic vesicle-accumulating portions. SgII was further detected as tiny puncta in neural elements lacking LDCVs, such as parallel fibers of cerebellar granule cells, somatodendritic elements of various neurons and Bergmann glia. Thus, SgII is present in LDCV and non-LDCV compartments of various neural cells. The wide subcellular localization of SgII may reflect diverse release sites of neuropeptides and secretorneurin, or suggests its role in the sorting and packaging of molecules other than neuropeptides in non-LDCV compartments.

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  • Invaginating inhibitory synapse with particularly rich endocannabinoid signaling machinery in the basal nucleus of the amygdala 査読

    Yoshida Takayuki, Uchigashima Motokazu, Yamasaki Miwako, Katona Istvan, Yamazaki Maya, Sakimura Kenji, Kano Masanobu, Yoshioka Mitsuhiro, Watanabe Masahiko

    NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH   71   E93 - E94   2011年

  • Neurochemical characterization of neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis projecting to the ventral tegmental area 査読

    Kudo Takehiro, Uchigashima Motokazu, Miyazaki Taisuke, Yamasaki Miwako, Minami Masabumi, Watanabe Masahiko

    NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH   71   E322   2011年

  • Cytochemical and cytological properties of perineuronal oligodendrocytes in the mouse cortex 査読

    Chihiro Takasaki, Miwako Yamasaki, Motokazu Uchigashima, Kohtarou Konno, Yuchio Yanagawa, Masahiko Watanabe

    European Journal of Neuroscience   32 ( 8 )   1326 - 1336   2010年10月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:8  

    Neuronal cell bodies are associated with glial cells collectively referred to as perineuronal satellite cells. One such satellite cell is the perineuronal oligodendrocyte, which is unmyelinating oligodendrocytes attaching to large neurons in various neural regions. However, little is known about their cellular characteristics and function. In this study, we identified perineuronal oligodendrocytes as 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase-positive cells attaching to neuronal perikarya immunostained for microtubule-associated protein 2, and examined their cytochemical and cytological properties in the mouse cerebral cortex. 2',3'-Cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase-positive perineuronal oligodendrocytes were immunonegative to representative glial markers for astrocytes (brain-type lipid binding protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein), microglia (Iba-1) and NG2+ glia. However, almost all perineuronal oligodendrocytes expressed glia-specific or glia-enriched metabolic enzymes, i.e. the creatine synthetic enzyme S-adenosylmethionine:guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase and l-serine biosynthetic enzyme 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase. As to molecules participating in the glutamate-glutamine cycle, none of the perineuronal oligodendrocytes expressed the plasmalemmal glutamate transporters GLAST and GLT-1, although nearly half of the perineuronal oligodendrocytes were immunopositive for glutamine synthetase. Cytologically, perineuronal oligodendrocytes were mainly distributed in deep cortical layers (layers IV-VI), and attached directly and tightly to neuronal cell bodies, making a long concave impression to the contacting neurons. Interestingly, they attached more to glutamatergic principal neurons than to GABAergic interneurons, and this became evident at postnatal day 14, when the cerebral cortex develops and maturates. These cytochemical and cytological properties suggest that perineuronal oligodendrocytes are so differentiated as to fulfill metabolic support to the associating principal cortical neurons, rather than to regulate their synaptic transmission. © 2010 The Authors. European Journal of Neuroscience © 2010 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

    DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07377.x

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  • The Endocannabinoid 2-Arachidonoylglycerol Produced by Diacylglycerol Lipase alpha Mediates Retrograde Suppression of Synaptic Transmission 査読

    Asami Tanimura, Maya Yamazaki, Yuki Hashimotodani, Motokazu Uchigashima, Shinya Kawata, Manabu Abe, Yoshihiro Kita, Kouichi Hashimoto, Takao Shimizu, Masahiko Watanabe, Kenji Sakimura, Masanobu Kano

    NEURON   65 ( 3 )   320 - 327   2010年2月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:CELL PRESS  

    Endocannabinoids are released from postsynaptic neurons and cause retrograde suppression of synaptic transmission. Anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) are regarded as two major endocannabinoids. To determine to what extent 2-AG contributes to retrograde signaling, we generated and analyzed mutant mice lacking either of the two 2-AG synthesizing enzymes diacylglycerol lipase alpha (DGL alpha) and beta (DGL beta). We found that endocannabinoid-mediated retrograde synaptic suppression was totally absent in the cerebellum, hippocampus, and striatum of DGL alpha knockout mice, whereas the retrograde suppression was intact in DGL beta knockout brains. The basal 2-AG content was markedly reduced and stimulus-induced elevation of 2-AG was absent in DGL alpha knockout brains, whereas the 2-AG content was normal in DGL beta knockout brains. Morphology of the brain and expression of molecules required for 2-AG production other than DGLs were normal in the two knockout mice. We conclude that 2-AG produced by DGL alpha, but not by DGL beta, mediates retrograde suppression at central synapses.

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  • Endocannabinoid-Mediated Control of Synaptic Transmission 査読

    Masanobu Kano, Takako Ohno-Shosaku, Yuki Hashimotodani, Motokazu Uchigashima, Masahiko Watanabe

    PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS   89 ( 1 )   309 - 380   2009年1月

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    記述言語:英語   出版者・発行元:AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC  

    Kano M, Ohno-Shosaku T, Hashimotodani Y, Uchigashima M, Watanabe M. Endocannabinoid-Mediated Control of Synaptic Transmission. Physiol Rev 89: 309-380, 2009; doi: 10.1152/physrev.00019.2008. - The discovery of cannabinoid receptors and subsequent identification of their endogenous ligands (endocannabinoids) in early 1990s have greatly accelerated research on cannabinoid actions in the brain. Then, the discovery in 2001 that endocannabinoids mediate retrograde synaptic signaling has opened up a new era for cannabinoid research and also established a new concept how diffusible messengers modulate synaptic efficacy and neural activity. The last 7 years have witnessed remarkable advances in our understanding of the endocannabinoid system. It is now well accepted that endocannabinoids are released from postsynaptic neurons, activate presynaptic cannabinoid CB 1 receptors, and cause transient and long-lasting reduction of neurotransmitter release. In this review, we aim to integrate our current understanding of functions of the endocannabinoid system, especially focusing on the control of synaptic transmission in the brain. We summarize recent electrophysiological studies carried out on synapses of various brain regions and discuss how synaptic transmission is regulated by endocannabinoid signaling. Then we refer to recent anatomical studies on subcellular distribution of the molecules involved in endocannabinoid signaling and discuss how these signaling molecules are arranged around synapses. In addition, we make a brief overview of studies on cannabinoid receptors and their intracellular signaling, biochemical studies on endocannabinoid metabolism, and behavioral studies on the roles of the endocannabinoid system in various aspects of neural functions.

    DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00019.2008

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  • Key Modulatory Role of Presynaptic Adenosine A(2A) Receptors in Cortical Neurotransmission to the Striatal Direct Pathway 査読

    Cesar Quiroz, Rafael Lujan, Motokazu Uchigashima, Ana Patricia Simoes, Talia N. Lerner, Janusz Borycz, Anil Kachroo, Paula M. Canas, Marco Orru, Michael A. Schwarzschild, Diane L. Rosin, Anatol C. Kreitzer, Rodrigo A. Cunha, Masahiko Watanabe, Sergi Ferre

    THESCIENTIFICWORLDJOURNAL   9   1321 - 1344   2009年

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION  

    Basal ganglia processing results from a balanced activation of direct and indirect striatal efferent pathways, which are controlled by dopamine D-1 and D-2 receptors, respectively. Adenosine A(2A) receptors are considered novel antiparkinsonian targets, based on their selective postsynaptic localization in the indirect pathway, where they modulate D-2 receptor function. The present study provides evidence for the existence of an additional, functionally significant, segregation of A(2A) receptors at the presynaptic level. Using integrated anatomical, electrophysiological, and biochemical approaches, we demonstrate that presynaptic A(2A) receptors are preferentially localized in cortical glutamatergic terminals that contact striatal neurons of the direct pathway, where they exert a selective modulation of corticostriatal neurotransmission. Presynaptic striatal A(2A) receptors could provide a new target for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.

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  • Predominant expression of phospholipase C beta 1 in telencephalic principal neurons and cerebellar interneurons, and its close association with related signaling molecules in somatodendritic neuronal elements 査読

    Masahiro Fukaya, Motokazu Uchigashima, Sachi Nomura, Yuta Hasegawa, Hisaya Kikuchi, Masahiko Watanabe

    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE   28 ( 9 )   1744 - 1759   2008年11月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:WILEY-BLACKWELL  

    Upon activation of receptors coupled to the Gq subclass of G proteins, phospholipase C (PLC)beta hydrolyses membrane phospholipid to yield a pair of second messengers, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and 1,2-diacylglycerol. Of four PLC beta isoforms, PLC beta 1 is transcribed predominantly in the telencephalon and its gene inactivation in mice impairs metabotropic glutamate receptor- and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-dependent hippocampal oscillations, endocannabinoid production in the hippocampus and barrel formation in the somatosensory cortex. Here we examined cellular and subcellular distributions of PLC beta 1 in adult mouse brains. In the telencephalon, high levels of PLC beta 1 were observed in principal neurons, including pyramidal cells in the cortex and hippocampus, granule cells and mossy cells in the dentate gyrus, and medium spiny neurons in the caudate-putamen, whereas most interneurons had low levels of or were negative for PLC beta 1 and, instead, expressed PLC beta 4. By immunofluorescence, tiny clusters of PLC beta 1 were distributed in somatodendritic compartments of principal neurons and positioned close to those of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 and diacylglycerol lipase-alpha, respectively. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that PLC beta 1 was often associated with the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, cell membrane or postsynaptic density. In particular, it was highly accumulated at the perisynapse of dendritic spines forming asymmetrical synapses. In the cerebellum, PLC beta 1 was generally low but was enriched in axons and dendrites of basket cells. These results suggest that PLC beta 1 is the key effector in telencephalic principal neurons and cerebellar interneurons. Furthermore, the well-orchestrated molecular arrangement appears to be the anatomical basis for the specificity, efficiency and convergence of the neuronal phosphoinositide signaling system.

    DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06495.x

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  • Evidence against GABA release from glutamatergic mossy fiber terminals in the developing hippocampus 査読

    Motokazu Uchigashima, Masahiro Fukaya, Masahiko Watanabe, Haruyuki Kamiya

    JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE   27 ( 30 )   8088 - 8100   2007年7月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:SOC NEUROSCIENCE  

    Hippocampal mossy fibers of young rodents have been reported to corelease inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in addition to excitatory transmitter glutamate. In this study, we aimed at re-evaluating this corelease hypothesis of both inhibitory and excitatory transmitters in the hippocampus. Electrophysiological examination revealed that, in juvenile mice and rats of the two to 3 weeks old, stimulation at the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus elicited monosynaptic GABAergic IPSCs in CA3 neurons in the presence of ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR) blockers, only when rather strong stimuli were given. The group II mGluR agonist (2S,1'R,2'R,3'R)-2-(2,3-dicarboxycyclo-propyl)glycine (DCG-IV), which selectively suppresses transmission at the mossy fiber-CA3 synapse, abolished almost all postsynaptic responses elicited by the weak stimuli, whereas those by strong stimuli were inhibited only slightly. In addition, the minimal stimulation elicited GABAergic IPSCs in neonatal mice of the first postnatal week, whereas these responses are not sensitive to DCG-IV. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that mossy fiber terminals expressed GABA and the GABA-synthesizing enzyme GAD67, although the expression levels were much weaker than those in the inhibitory interneurons. Notably, the expression levels of the vesicular GABA transporter were much lower than those of GABA and GAD67, and almost below detection threshold. These results suggest that mossy fiber synapses are purely glutamatergic and apparent monosynaptic IPSCs so far reported are evoked by costimulation of inhibitory interneurons, at least in young mice and rats. Hippocampal mossy fiber terminals synthesize and store GABA, but have limited ability in vesicular release for GABA in the developing rodents.

    DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0702-07.2007

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  • Subcellular arrangement of molecules for 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol-mediated retrograde signaling and its physiological contribution to synaptic modulation in the striatum 査読

    Motokazu Uchigashima, Madoka Narushima, Masahiro Fukaya, Istvan Katona, Masanobu Kano, Masahiko Watanabe

    JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE   27 ( 14 )   3663 - 3676   2007年4月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:SOC NEUROSCIENCE  

    Endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids) mediate retrograde signals for short- and long-term suppression of transmitter release at synapses of striatal medium spiny ( MS) neurons. An endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG), is synthesized from diacylglycerol (DAG) after membrane depolarization and Gq-coupled receptor activation. To understand 2-AG-mediated retrograde signaling in the striatum, we determined precise subcellular distributions of the synthetic enzyme of 2-AG, DAG lipase-alpha(DAGL alpha), and its upstream metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 1 (M-1). DAGL alpha, mGluR5, and M-1 were all richly distributed on the somatodendritic surface of MS neurons, but their subcellular distributions were different. Although mGluR5 and DAGL alpha levels were highest in spines and accumulated in the perisynaptic region, M-1 level was lowest in spines and was rather excluded from the mGluR5-rich perisynaptic region. These subcellular arrangements suggest that mGluR5 and M-1 might differentially affect endocannabinoid-mediated, depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition (DSI) and depolarization-induced suppression of excitation (DSE) in MS neurons. Indeed, mGluR5 activation enhanced both DSI and DSE, whereas M-1 activation enhanced DSI only. Importantly, DSI, DSE, and receptor-driven endocannabinoid-mediated suppression were all abolished by the DAG lipase inhibitor tetrahydrolipstatin, indicating 2-AG as the major endocannabinoid mediating retrograde suppression at excitatory and inhibitory synapses of MS neurons. Accordingly, CB1 cannabinoid receptor, the main target of 2-AG, was present at high levels on GABAergic axon terminals of MS neurons and parvalbumin-positive interneurons and at low levels on excitatory corticostriatal afferents. Thus, endocannabinoid signaling molecules are arranged to modulate the excitability of the MS neuron effectively depending on cortical activity and cholinergic tone as measured by mGluR5 and M-1 receptors, respectively.

    DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0448-07.2007

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  • Tonic enhancement of endocannabinoid-mediated retrograde suppression of inhibition by cholinergic interneuron activity in the striatum 査読

    Madoka Narushima, Motokazu Uchigashima, Masahiro Fukaya, Minoru Matsui, Toshiya Manabe, Kouichi Hashimoto, Masahiko Watanabe, Masanobu Kano

    JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE   27 ( 3 )   496 - 506   2007年1月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:SOC NEUROSCIENCE  

    Tonically active cholinergic interneurons in the striatum modulate activities of striatal outputs from medium spiny (MS) neurons and significantly influence overall functions of the basal ganglia. Cellular mechanisms of this modulation are not fully understood. Here we show that ambient acetylcholine (ACh) derived from tonically active cholinergic interneurons constitutively upregulates depolarizationinduced release of endocannabinoids from MS neurons. The released endocannabinoids cause transient suppression of inhibitory synaptic inputs to MS neurons through acting retrogradely onto presynaptic CB1 cannabinoid receptors. The effects were mediated by postsynaptic M-1 subtype of muscarinic ACh receptors, because the action of a muscarinic agonist to release endocannabinoids and the enhancement of depolarization-induced endocannabinoid release by ambient ACh were both deficient in M-1 knock-out mice and were blocked by postsynaptic infusion of guanosine-5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate). Suppression of spontaneous firings of cholinergic interneurons by inhibiting I-h current reduced the depolarization-induced release of endocannabinoids. Conversely, elevation of ambient ACh concentration by inhibiting choline esterase significantly enhanced the endocannabinoid release. Paired recording from a cholinergic interneuron and an MS neuron revealed that the activity of single cholinergic neuron could influence endocannabinoid-mediated signaling in neighboring MS neurons. These results clearly indicate that striatal endocannabinoid-mediated modulation is under the control of cholinergic interneuron activity. By immunofluorescent and immunoelectron microscopic examinations, we demonstrated that M-1 receptor was densely distributed in perikarya and dendrites of dopamine D-1 or D-2 receptor-positive MS neurons. Thus, we have disclosed a novel mechanism by which the muscarinic system regulates striatal output and may contribute to motor control.

    DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4644-06.2007

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  • Subcellular arrangement of molecules for 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol-mediated retrograde signaling in the striatum 査読

    Uchigashima Motokazu, Narushima Madoka, Fukaya Masahiro, Katona Istven, Kano Masanobu, Watanabe Masahiko

    NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH   58   S75   2007年

  • Depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition mediated by endocannabinoids at synapses from fast-spiking interneurons to medium spiny neurons in the striatum 査読

    Madoka Narushima, Motokazu Uchigashima, Kouichi Hashimoto, Masahiko Watanabe, Masanobu Kano

    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE   24 ( 8 )   2246 - 2252   2006年10月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:BLACKWELL PUBLISHING  

    Endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids) act as retrograde inhibitory messengers in various regions of the brain. We have recently reported that endocannabinoids mediate short-term retrograde suppression of excitatory synaptic transmission from the neocortex to medium spiny (MS) neurons, the major projection neurons from the striatum. However, it remains unclear whether endocannabinoids modulate inhibitory transmission in the striatum. Here we show that depolarization of MS neurons induces transient suppression of inhibition that is mediated by retrograde endocannabinoid signalling. By paired recording from a fast-spiking (FS) interneuron and an MS neuron, we demonstrated that FS-MS inhibitory synapses undergo endocannabinoid-mediated retrograde suppression. We verified that GABAergic inhibitory terminals immunopositive for parvalbumin (PV), a marker for FS interneurons, expressed CB1 receptors. These PV-CB1 double-positive terminals surrounded dopamine D1 receptor-positive and D2 receptor-positive MS neurons; these constitute direct and indirect pathways, respectively. These results suggest that endocannabinoid-mediated retrograde suppression of inhibition influences information flow along both direct and indirect pathways, depending on the activity of MS neurons.

    DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.05119.x

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  • Localization of diacylglycerol lipase-alpha around postsynaptic spine suggests close proximity between production site of an endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol, and presynaptic cannabinoid CB1 receptor. 査読

    Yoshida T, Fukaya M, Uchigashima M, Miura E, Kamiya H, Kano M, Watanabe M

    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience   26   4740 - 4751   2006年5月

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  • Spine targeting of endocannabinoid synthesizing enzyme, diacylglycerol lipase-alpha in the cerebllum and hippocampus 査読

    Yoshida Takayuki, Fukaya Masahiro, Uchigashima Motokazu, Miura Eriko, Kamiya Haruyuki, Kano Masanobu, Watanabe Masahiko

    NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH   55   S77   2006年

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MISC

  • 青斑核ノルアドレナリン神経細胞の活動亢進による情動記憶の想起の促進 新規神経活動活性化ツールによる検討

    井口 善生, 深堀 良二, 加藤 成樹, 高橋 和巳, 永福 智志, 辻 真伍, 挾間 章博, 内ヶ島 基政, 渡辺 雅彦, 水間 広, 崔 翼龍, 尾上 浩隆, 疋島 啓吾, 八十島 安伸, 小山内 実, 稲垣 良, 福永 浩司, 西條 琢真, 籾山 俊彦, リチャード・ベントン, 小林 和人

    日本生理学雑誌   83 ( 2 )   39 - 39   2021年5月

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    記述言語:日本語   出版者・発行元:(一社)日本生理学会  

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  • Enhanced emotional memory retrieval by chemogenetic activation of locus coeruleus norepinephrine neurons

    Fukabori, R, Iguchi, Y, Kato, S, Takahashi, K, Eifuku, S, Tsuji, S, Hazama, A, Uchigashima, M, Watanabe, M, Mizuma, H, Cui, Y, Onoe, H, Hikishima, K, Yasoshima, Y, Osanai, M, Inagaki, R, Fukunaga, K, Nishijo, T, Momiyama, T, Benton, R, Kobayashi, K

    Mendeley Data   2019年11月

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  • Requirement of mGluR1 for Experience-Dependent Remodeling of Mouse Retinogeniculate Synapses

    M. Kano, M. Narushima, M. Uchigashima, M. Watanabe, A. Aiba, M. Miyata

    CURRENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGY   12   30 - 31   2014年

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究発表ペーパー・要旨(国際会議)   出版者・発行元:BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD  

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  • 小脳プルキンエ細胞の軸索初節はGABA作動性シナプス伝達に必要な分子形態学的基盤を欠如する

    岩倉 淳, 内ヶ島 基政, 宮崎 大輔, 山崎 美和子, 渡辺 雅彦

    北海道醫學雜誌 = Acta medica Hokkaidonensia   87 ( 6 )   273 - 273   2012年11月

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  • 扁桃体基底核の特異な抑制性シナプス結合「陥入型シナプス」の発見と機能的役割

    吉田 隆行, 内ヶ島 基政, 山崎 美和子, イストバンカトナ, 山崎 真弥, 崎村 建司, 狩野 方伸, 吉岡 充弘, 渡辺 雅彦

    北海道醫學雜誌 = Acta medica Hokkaidonensia   87 ( 2 )   72 - 72   2012年4月

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  • Unique inhibitory Synapse with Particularly Rich Endocannabinoid Signaling Machinery on Pyramidal Neurons in Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus

    T. Yoshida, M. Uchigashima, M. Yamasaki, I. Katona, M. Yamazaki, K. Sakimura, M. Kano, M. Yoshioka, M. Watanabe

    CURRENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGY   9   68 - 68   2011年9月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究発表ペーパー・要旨(国際会議)   出版者・発行元:BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD  

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  • Striatal direct pathway modulates response time in execution of conditional discrimination

    Ryoji Fukabori, Kana Okada, Kayo Nishizawa, Nobuyuki Kai, Kenta Kobayashi, Motokazu Uchigashima, Masahiko Watanabe, Yuji Tsutsui, Kazuto Kobayashi

    NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH   71   E379 - E380   2011年

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究発表ペーパー・要旨(国際会議)   出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

    DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.1667

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  • Immunohistochemical characterization of dopaminergic synapses in the mouse striatum

    Motokazu Uchigashima, Masahiko Watanabe

    NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH   71   E111 - E111   2011年

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究発表ペーパー・要旨(国際会議)   出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

    DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.470

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  • Synapse "non-specific" degradation of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol mediating depolarization-induced retrograde synaptic suppression in cerebellar Purkinje cells

    Asami Tanimura, Maya Yamazaki, Motokazu Uchigashima, Naofumi Uesaka, Takayasu Mikuni, Kouichi Hashimoto, Masahiko Watanabe, Kenji Sakimura, Masanobu Kano

    NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH   71   E56 - E56   2011年

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究発表ペーパー・要旨(国際会議)   出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

    DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.235

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  • Behavioral role of thalamostriatal neural pathway in conditional discrimination paradigm

    Shigeki Kato, Masahito Kuramochi, Kenta Kobayashi, Ryoji Fukabori, Motokazu Uchigashima, Masahiko Watanabe, Yuji Tsutsui, Kazuto Kobayashi

    NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH   71   E280 - E280   2011年

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究発表ペーパー・要旨(国際会議)   出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

    DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.1222

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  • Role of the striatopallidal neurons in basal ganglia in the performance of conditional discrimination task

    Kayo Nishizawa, Ryoji Fukabori, Nobuyuki Kai, Yuji Tsutsui, Motokazu Uchigashima, Masahiko Watanebe, Akira Shiota, Masatsugu Ueda, Kazuto Kobayashi

    NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH   68   E185 - E185   2010年

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究発表ペーパー・要旨(国際会議)   出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

    DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2010.07.2390

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  • The role of dopamine D-2 receptor-expressing neurons in the nucleus accumbens core in operant matching

    Nobuyuki Kai, Ryoji Fukabori, Yuji Tsutsui, Motokazu Uchigashima, Masahiko Watanebe, Akira Shiota, Masatsugu Ueda, Kazuto Kobayashi

    NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH   68   E289 - E290   2010年

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究発表ペーパー・要旨(国際会議)   出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

    DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2010.07.1286

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  • Endocannabinoid and serotonin modulate GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission in the basolateral amygdala

    Takayuki Yoshida, Motokazu Uchigashima, Takeshi Izumi, Taku Yamaguchi, Masanobu Kano, Masahiko Watanabe, Mitsuhiro Yoshioka

    NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH   68   E229 - E229   2010年

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究発表ペーパー・要旨(国際会議)   出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

    DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2010.07.1012

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  • Role of the striatonigral neurons in basal ganglia in the performance of conditional discrimination task

    Ryoji Fukabori, Kana Okada, Nobuyuki Kai, Kenta Kobayashi, Yuji Tsutsui, Motokazu Uchigashima, Masahiko Watanebe, Kazuto Kobayashi

    NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH   68   E185 - E185   2010年

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究発表ペーパー・要旨(国際会議)   出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

    DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2010.07.2391

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  • Molecular-anatomical basis for the spread of endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol at mossy cell-granule cell synapses in the dentate gyrus

    Motokazu Uchigashima, Masahiko Watanabe

    NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH   68   E55 - E55   2010年

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究発表ペーパー・要旨(国際会議)   出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

    DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2010.07.012

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  • Molecular mechanism of endocannabinoid-mediated retrograde signaling in basolateral amygdala

    Takayuki Yoshida, Motokazu Uchigashima, Hiroki Shikanai, Takashi Izumi, Taku Yamaguchi, Masahiko Watanabe, Mitsuhiro Yoshioka

    JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES   112   62P - 62P   2010年

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究発表ペーパー・要旨(国際会議)   出版者・発行元:JAPANESE PHARMACOLOGICAL SOC  

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  • 2-Arachidonoylglycerol produced by diacylglycerol lipase alpha mediates retrograde suppression of synaptic transmission in the CNS

    Asami Tanimura, Maya Yamazaki, Yuki Hashimotodani, Motokazu Uchigashima, Shinya Kawata, Manabu Abe, Yoshihiro Kita, Kouichi Hashimoto, Takao Shimizu, Masahiko Watanabe, Kenji Sakimura, Masanobu Kano

    NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH   68   E88 - E88   2010年

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究発表ペーパー・要旨(国際会議)   出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

    DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2010.07.153

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  • IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF MOLECULES FOR 2-ARACHIDONOYLGLYCEROL-MEDIATED RETROGRADE SIGNALING IN THE MOUSE DENTATE GYRUS

    Motokazu Uchigashima, Masahiko Watanabe

    JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGICAL SCIENCES   59   146 - 146   2009年

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究発表ペーパー・要旨(国際会議)   出版者・発行元:SPRINGER TOKYO  

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  • Retrograde signalling is induced by endocannabinoids in the basolateral amygdala

    Takayuki Yoshida, Motokazu Uchigashima, Hiroki Shikanai, Takashi Izumi, Taku Yamaguchi, Masahiko Watanabe, Mitsuhiro Yoshioka

    JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES   109   220P - 220P   2009年

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究発表ペーパー・要旨(国際会議)   出版者・発行元:JAPANESE PHARMACOLOGICAL SOC  

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  • Involvement of type 1 metabotoropic glutamate receptor in developmental synapse elimination in the lateral geniculate nucleus

    Madoka Narushima, Uchigashima Motokazu, Asami Tanimura, Kouichi Hashimoto, Atsu Aiba, Masahiko Watanabe, Masanobu Kano

    NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH   61   S57 - S57   2008年

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究発表ペーパー・要旨(国際会議)   出版者・発行元:ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

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▶ 全件表示

受賞

  • 新潟大学学長賞(若手教員研究奨励)

    2022年9月   新潟大学  

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  • フラテ研究奨励賞

    2022年2月   北海道大学医学部同窓会  

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  • 新潟大学優秀論文表彰

    2021年12月   新潟大学  

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  • 新潟大学学長賞

    2021年8月   新潟大学  

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  • エクセレントティーチャー優秀賞

    2020年12月   北海道大学医学部  

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  • ベストプレゼンテーション賞

    2018年9月   第64回日本解剖学会東北・北海道連合支部学術集会   孤束核・分界条床核投射系のノルアドレナリン/グルタミン酸共放出ニューロンがもたらすユニークな神経伝達の分子形態学的基盤

    内ヶ島基政

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  • 優秀論文賞

    2017年2月   北海道大学大学院医学研究科   Dopamine synapse is a neuroligin-2–mediated contact between dopaminergic presynaptic and GABAergic postsynaptic structures

    内ヶ島基政

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  • 若手優秀発表賞

    2015年12月   包括脳ネットワーク   Stratal dopamine synapses are neuroligin-2-mediated heterologous contacts between dopaminergic pre synapse and GABAergic post synapse

    内ヶ島基政

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  • 優秀教員賞

    2014年   北海道大学医学部  

    内ヶ島基政

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  • 第15回グリアクラブ賞

    2010年2月   Molecular-anatomical architecture of 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol-mediated retrograde signaling in the mossy cell-recipient dentate molecular layer

    内ヶ島基政

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  • 奨励賞

    2007年12月   日本顕微鏡学会北海道支部   マウス線条体における内因性カンナビノイド 2-アラキドノイルグリセロールを介した逆行性伝達抑制の分子機構

    内ヶ島基政

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  • 音羽博次奨学基金

    2006年   北海道大学大学院医学研究科  

    内ヶ島基政

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共同研究・競争的資金等の研究

  • 臨界期を特徴づけるスパイン構造可塑性の分子動態の解明

    研究課題/領域番号:20H05918

    2020年11月 - 2025年3月

    制度名:科学研究費助成事業 学術変革領域研究(A)

    研究種目:学術変革領域研究(A)

    提供機関:日本学術振興会

    内ヶ島 基政

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    配分額:59150000円 ( 直接経費:45500000円 、 間接経費:13650000円 )

    本研究では、臨界期のモデルとして研究されてきたマウス一次視覚野の眼優位可塑性に着目し、独自に開発した生体内ゲノム編集に基づいた単一ニューロン高感度分子局在解析技術を用いて、眼優位可塑性を誘導した際に見られる様々なスパイン分子の分布パターンおよび動態を生体から固定組織に至るまでシームレスに観察する。当初予定されたシナプス長期可塑性に関与するとされる10種類の分子のうち、これまでにAMPA受容体のサブユニットを含む6種類の分子について、子宮内電気穿孔法あるいはアデノ随伴ウイルスベクターを介した化学タグ標識に成功した。さらに、化学タグが細胞内外の分子を識別できる利点を生かすことによって、シナプスに発現するAMPA受容体のうち、細胞表面でイオンチャネルとして機能する細胞表面プールと細胞内にてシナプス可塑性に備える細胞内プールを1スパイン毎に標識仕分けることにも成功した。シグナルの定量解析により、個々のスパインにおける細胞内外のAMPA受容体発現シグナルは、スパインの構造可塑性の指標とされるスパイン体積に対して正の相関を示した。これは機能的なAMPA受容体の分布を1スパインレベルで調べた過去の報告に一致する。したがって、本研究で開発された新規の分子標識技術は内在シナプス分子を正しく標識していることを示している。一方、一部の標識分子はスパイン体積との相関を示さなかった。現在は、この分子がスパインの構造可塑性とどのような関係にあるかを調べるため、分子標識が行われたニューロンに対してグルタミン酸アンケイジングによるスパイン構造可塑性誘導実験を予定している。

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  • 脳の若返りによる生涯可塑性誘導ーiPlasticityー臨界期機構の解明と操作

    研究課題/領域番号:20H05914

    2020年11月 - 2025年3月

    制度名:科学研究費助成事業 学術変革領域研究(A)

    研究種目:学術変革領域研究(A)

    提供機関:日本学術振興会

    狩野 方伸, 牛場 潤一, 金丸 隆志, 内ヶ島 基政, 高橋 琢哉, 大木 研一, ヘンシュ 貴雄, 宮田 麻理子

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    配分額:235430000円 ( 直接経費:181100000円 、 間接経費:54330000円 )

    本領域は、発達期の臨界期の神経回路再編成のメカニズムを解明し、臨界期の操作法を開発して、一旦臨界期が終了した成熟期に臨界期を再開し、脳損傷からの神経回路の回復の臨界期のメカニズム解明と効果的な介入法の開発により、臨床応用を見据えた臨界期生物学の新たな展開を拓くことを目指している。その目的達成に向けて、研究項目A01:発達期の臨界期神経回路再編成のメカニズムと、研究項目A02:臨界期の操作・再開と脳傷害後の臨界期のメカニズムを設定し、9つの研究計画班を置いた。研究班の相互の連携体制を構築し、本領域で掲げた研究課題の遂行を加速するために、計画研究代表者全員が参加する総括班を組織し、以下の諸活動を担当することとした。
    ①領域企画(狩野);②班会議・研究交流(狩野・高橋);③研究・技術支援(狩野、大木、内ケ島、ヘンシュ、牛場);④研究倫理(牛場);⑤若手支援(宮田、辻);⑥広報(金丸);⑦国際活動支援(ヘンシュ)
    令和2年12月に、第1回総括班会議を開催して、総括班員の役割分担の確認と領域全体の方向性や行事について議論して決定した。領域ホームページを開設し、令和3年1月には、オンラインでキックオフシンポジウムを開催し、約300名の参加を得た。引き続いて第1回領域班会議をオンラインで開催し、計画研究班員とその教室員が、これまでの研究と今後の研究の進め方について議論をし、外部評価委員の先生方にコメントをいただいた。事務補佐員を選定して領域の事務組織を立ち上げ、ヘンシュが機構長をしている東京大学ニューロインテリジェンス国際研究機構(WPI-IRCN)の事務組織との協力・連携関係を構築し、WPI-IRCNの4つのコアファシリテイーを本領域の班員が利用するための体制を整えた。また、ニュースレター第1号を発行し、600名近くの研究者および関係者に送付した。

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  • 免疫組織化学にとって代わる内在タンパク質の発現局在を調べるための革新的方法の開発

    研究課題/領域番号:20K21461

    2020年7月 - 2022年3月

    制度名:科学研究費助成事業 挑戦的研究(萌芽)

    研究種目:挑戦的研究(萌芽)

    提供機関:日本学術振興会

    内ヶ島 基政

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    配分額:6500000円 ( 直接経費:5000000円 、 間接経費:1500000円 )

    内在タンパク質の細胞内局在を知ることは細胞の生理機能を知る上で重要である。免疫組織化学は内在タンパク質の分布を調べる方法として広く使用されるが、プローブとなる抗体はその巨大さ故、シナプスのような高密度構造内の目的タンパク質を標識できない。本研究はこの問題を克服するため、in vivoゲノム編集を用いて目的タンパク質に融合させた化学タグを小さな蛍光リガンドで標識することで、目的タンパク質の発現分布を単一細胞レベルで高感度かつ定量的に評価できる、免疫組織化学に取って代わる新規手法を開発した。

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  • 線条体中型有棘ニューロンにおけるドーパミン伝達の時空間的統合過程の理解

    研究課題/領域番号:20H03349

    2020年4月 - 2023年3月

    制度名:科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B)

    研究種目:基盤研究(B)

    提供機関:日本学術振興会

    内ヶ島 基政

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    配分額:17940000円 ( 直接経費:13800000円 、 間接経費:4140000円 )

    動物やヒトは、どのような感覚情報や行動が報酬に結びつくのかを学習する(報酬学習)。線条体ニューロンは、感覚・運動情報をコードした大脳皮質からのグルタミン酸入力と、報酬情報をコードした中脳からのドーパミン (DA) 入力を受けるため、両者のシグナル統合が報酬学習の細胞基盤と想定されている。しかし、両者が時空間的にどのように統合されるのかは不明である。本研究は、新規分子標識技術を用いて、線条体中型有棘ニューロンにおけるドーパミンとグルタミン酸のシグナル統合過程を形態学的技術を用いて明らかにすることを目的とする。この目的を達成するため、ゲノム編集を介して分子標識を行うと同時に、遺伝子組み換え酵素遺伝子をノックインすることで、アクティブゾーンが標識されたニューロン選択的に遺伝子発現を操作する新規技術の確立を試みてきた。しかし、ゲノム編集に用いるドナーテンプレート上の遺伝子組み換え酵素遺伝子がリーク発現を起こすため、ゲノム編集に依存しない非特異的な遺伝子組み換えが問題となっていた。本年度は海馬器官培養スライス標本を用いることで効率的な条件検討を進めた結果、ドナーテンプレートを工夫することにより、リーク発現を抑えることに成功した。現在は、この方法を中脳ドーパミンニューロンに応用し、ドーパミン放出部位がラベルされたドーパミンニューロンのみを標識、操作可能にしたマウスの作出を目指している。一方で、本年度は蛍光寿命イメージングのための顕微鏡のセットアップが完了し、グルタミン酸アンケイジングによって誘導されたスパイン構造可塑性に伴うCaMKIIa活性プローブの蛍光寿命の計測に成功した。

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  • ドーパミンシナプスの生細胞イメージングを介したドーパミン神経伝達の理解

    2020年1月 - 2020年12月

    制度名:研究助成

    提供機関:興和生命科学振興財団

    内ヶ島基政

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    担当区分:研究代表者  資金種別:競争的資金

    配分額:1000000円

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  • ドーパミンシナプスの構造的可塑性に関する研究

    2018年

    制度名:若手研究者研究加速事業

    提供機関:北海道大学

    内ヶ島基政

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    担当区分:研究代表者 

    配分額:8200000円

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  • 神経修飾因子シナプスに共通する分子形態基盤に関する研究

    研究課題/領域番号:15K06732

    2015年 - 2017年

    制度名:科学研究費補助金(基盤研究(C))

    研究種目:基盤研究(C)

    提供機関:文部科学省

    内ヶ島 基政

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    担当区分:研究代表者  資金種別:競争的資金

    配分額:5070000円 ( 直接経費:3900000円 、 間接経費:1170000円 )

    本研究は精神神経疾患と密接な関わりのあるドーパミン、アセチルコリン、ノルアドレナリンなどの神経修飾因子が放出されるシナプスの構成分子を免疫組織化学的手法を用いて調べた。これらのシナプスでは、GABAを放出するための形態基盤に乏しいにも関わらず、GABAシナプスと共通のポストシナプス分子の発現を認めた。この結果はGABAシナプスのポストシナプス分子が神経修飾因子の放出部位を標的構造へと括り付ける普遍的な分子機構を担っていることを示唆している。

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  • 発達期の摂食機能獲得に関与する機能分子の組織学的研究

    研究課題/領域番号:25463163

    2013年4月 - 2016年3月

    制度名:科学研究費助成事業

    研究種目:基盤研究(C)

    提供機関:日本学術振興会

    高崎 千尋, 内ヶ島 基政, 渡辺 雅彦

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    配分額:5070000円 ( 直接経費:3900000円 、 間接経費:1170000円 )

    モノカルボン酸トランスポーターという炭水化物や脂肪、アミノ酸の代謝に不可欠な運び屋の役割を果たすタンパクのMCT1に着目し、それがマウス脳の摂食に関連する領域でどのような細胞発現を示すのかを解析した。その結果、MCT1は転写レベルではニューロンの他、アストロサイトや血管内皮細胞に発現したが、後転写レベルではニューロンには発現せず、アストロサイトと血管内皮細胞に発現した。このことから、MCT1のニューロン発現は転写レベルでは活性化され、後転写レベルでは抑制されることが示唆された。

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  • 線条体ドーパミンシナプス接着分子の機能形態解析

    研究課題/領域番号:25830031

    2013年 - 2014年

    制度名:科学研究費補助金(若手研究(B))

    研究種目:若手研究(B)

    提供機関:文部科学省

    内ヶ島 基政

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    担当区分:研究代表者  資金種別:競争的資金

    配分額:4290000円 ( 直接経費:3300000円 、 間接経費:990000円 )

    中脳ドーパミンニューロンは線条体においてドーパミンシナプスを多数形成し、運動調節や認知行動において不可欠な役割を担っているが、その基盤となるドーパミンシナプスを構成する分子は不明であった。本研究はドーパミンシナプスがドーパミン作動性のシナプス前部とGABA作動性のシナプス後部により構成されるユニークな接着構造であることを突き止め、さらにこの接着構造の形成にシナプス接着分子であるニューロリギン2が関与することを明らかにした。

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  • 高次脳領域におけるシナプス伝達制御機構の分子形態学的研究

    研究課題/領域番号:24220007

    2012年5月 - 2017年3月

    制度名:科学研究費助成事業

    研究種目:基盤研究(S)

    提供機関:日本学術振興会

    渡辺 雅彦, 崎村 建司, 山崎 美和子, 宮崎 太輔, 今野 幸太郎, 内ヶ島 基政, 狩野 方伸, 重本 隆一, 小林 和人

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    配分額:196820000円 ( 直接経費:151400000円 、 間接経費:45420000円 )

    シナプス伝達の「重み」は一様ではなく、入力選択的・標的選択的・活動依存的・状況依存的に制御されている。本研究課題では、この多層的伝達制御機構の分子解剖学的基盤を追求した。その結果、シナプス後部のTARPとGluDが入力・標的・活動依存的なAMPARの発現制御に関わり、シナプス前部にVGluT3を発現するCCK陽性の抑制性介在ニューロンがが特異な陥入型シナプスを形成し、そこにカンナビノイドを介する強力な逆行性脱抑制機構を構築していることを解明した。さらに、状況依存的行動制御に重要なドパミン投射が、GABA作動性シナプス後部分子を介して係留接着を形成するという、神経調節の新たな動作原理も発見した。

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  • てんかん原性回路における内因性カンナビノイドシグナル伝達機構の解明

    研究課題/領域番号:23800001

    2011年 - 2012年

    制度名:科学研究費補助金(研究活動スタート支援, 研究活動スタート支援)

    研究種目:研究活動スタート支援, 研究活動スタート支援

    提供機関:文部科学省

    内ヶ島 基政

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    担当区分:研究代表者  資金種別:競争的資金

    配分額:3250000円 ( 直接経費:2500000円 、 間接経費:750000円 )

    内因性カンナビノイドである2-アラキドノイルグリセロール(2-AG)は、ニューロン活動依存的にポストシナプス側から合成、放出され、プレシナプス側のカンナビノイド受容体CB1を介してシナプス伝達を抑制する。この逆行性シナプス伝達抑制機構は、ニューロンの興奮性制御に重要であり、神経回路の異常興奮が原因とされるてんかん発症とも関連が予想されている。そこで本研究では、歯状回苔状細胞投射領域にてんかんの原因となりうる2種類の興奮性反回回路シナプスが形成されることに着目し、それぞれのシナプスにおける2-AG伝達のための分子形態基盤の確立を目指している。これまでに、その一方である苔状細胞―顆粒細胞シナプスにおいて、以下のことを新たに見出した。2-AG合成酵素DGLaはポストシナプスとなる顆粒細胞スパインの基部を中心に発現したのに対し、2-AGの受容体CB1はプレシナプスとなる苔状細胞終末およびその近傍軸索部に分布した。すなわち、苔状細胞―顆粒細胞シナプスに2-AGを介した逆行性シナプス伝達抑制機構が備わっていることを示している。一方、2-AG分解酵素MGLは、苔状細胞―顆粒細胞シナプスに発現せず、その周囲のアストロサイトや抑制性終末のみで発現し、それらは2-AGの主要な放出部位と想定される顆粒細胞スパインを部分的にしか覆っていなかった。加えて、苔状細胞―顆粒細胞シナプスは空間的に高密度に存...

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