Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dental coating materials on Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation. The test materials were PRG Barrier Coat (PRG), BioCoat Ca (BioC), and FluorDental Jelly (FluorJ). Bovine enamel specimens were demineralized to mimic early enamel lesions. The biofilm was developed on a specimen treated with one of the materials by using a modified Robbins device flow-cell system. Scanning electron and fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy, viable and total cell counts, and gene expression assessments of the antibiofilm were performed. Ion incorporation was analyzed using a wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy electron probe microanalyzer. All materials allowed biofilm formation but reduced its volume. FluorJ was the only material that inhibited biofilm accumulation and had a bactericidal effect, revealing 0.66 log CFU in viable cells and 1.23 log copy reduction in total cells compared with the untreated group after 24 h of incubation. The ions released from PRG varied depending on the element. BioC contributed to enamel remineralization by supplying calcium ions while blocking the acid produced from the biofilm. In summary, the dental coating materials physically prevented acid attacks from the biofilm while providing ions to the enamel to improve its mechanical properties.

DOI： 10.3390/antibiotics13010106

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare an experimental model simulating clinical root canal irrigation (root canal model) with a conventional experimental model immersing dentin sample to irrigants (immersion model) to evaluate removal of the smear layer and decalcification of the root canal dentin using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and two different concentrations of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five single-rooted extracted human teeth were prepared using a Ni-Ti rotary file. EDTA, NaOCl, and citric acid were used in the root canal models and the immersion models. After the irrigation protocol, root canal surfaces were observed under scanning electron microscopy. Residual smear and decalcification of the root canal dentin were evaluated objectively by measuring the percentage of the area occupied by visible dentin tubules, the number of visible dentin tubules, and the mean area of a visible single dentin tubule. RESULTS: Root canal and immersion models with the same irrigation protocol showed significantly different results for smear residues and decalcification of root canal dentin. In the root canal model, neither different EDTA concentrations nor the order of EDTA and NaOCl applications significantly impacted smear residues or decalcification of root canal dentin. Furthermore, no erosion of the root canal dentin surface was observed in any experimental groups in the root canal model using EDTA and NaOCl compared to intact dentin. CONCLUSIONS: Experimental design affected results for residual smear layer and decalcification of root canal dentin. The order of EDTA and NaOCl use and the concentration of EDTA did not affect results. EDTA and NaOCl irrigation did not cause erosion in the root canal model in this study.

DOI： 10.1155/2023/3938522

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Authorship：Lead author  

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Antimicrobial mouthwash improves supragingival biofilm control when used in conjunction with mechanical removal as part of an oral hygiene routine. Mouthwash is intended to suppress bacterial adhesion during biofilm formation processes and is not aimed at mature biofilms. The most common evidence-based effects of mouthwash on the subgingival biofilm include the inhibition of biofilm accumulation and its anti-gingivitis property, followed by its cariostatic activities. There has been no significant change in the strength of the evidence over the last decade. A strategy for biofilm control that relies on the elimination of bacteria may cause a variety of side effects. The exposure of mature oral biofilms to mouthwash is associated with several possible adverse reactions, such as the emergence of resistant strains, the effects of the residual structure, enhanced pathogenicity following retarded penetration, and ecological changes to the microbiota. These concerns require further elucidation. This review aims to reconfirm the intended effects of mouthwash on oral biofilm control by summarizing systematic reviews from the last decade and to discuss the limitations of mouthwash and potential adverse reactions to its use. In the future, the strategy for oral biofilm control may shift to reducing the biofilm by detaching it or modulating its quality, rather than eliminating it, to preserve the benefits of the normal resident oral microflora.

DOI： 10.3390/antibiotics11060727

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DOI： 10.3390/ijerph19106048

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DOI： 10.1038/s41598-022-11477-1

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DOI： 10.3390/microorganisms9112349

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DOI： 10.3390/antibiotics10080977

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DOI： 10.3390/pharmacy9010018

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DOI： 10.1038/s41598-020-80541-5

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DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0259850

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japanese Society of Conservative Dentistry  

<p> Purpose: Nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary files are becoming more popular and an important part of the equipment for root canal treatment. The superelasticity and shape memory of the instruments have improved the shaping procedures in root canal preparation, making it easier and faster. In this study, we assessed the educational effectiveness of J- and S-shaped root canal preparation with FKG Race in dental students' hands-on practical classes.</p><p> Methods: Fifty-six third-year students in the School of Dentistry, Osaka University performed J- and S-shaped root canal preparation in transparent epoxy resin blocks with FKG Race twice each. After penetration with a #15 K-file, root canal length was measured. Cervical preflaring and glide path preparation were performed with PreRace and #15 K-file, respectively. Then, the working length was determined by subtracting 1 mm from the root canal length. Root canal preparation was performed with Race (#30/6%, #30/4%, #25/4%, and #20/4%) in order and the final preparation was carried out with #30/6%. In order to evaluate the quality of root canal preparation, we photographed the epoxy resin blocks before and after the instrumentation by micro-computed tomography and measured the root canal width perpendicular to the long axis of the root canal at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 mm from the root apex. The increase in root canal width and the time for preparation were compared between the students and specialists certified by the Japanese Society of Conservative Dentistry.</p><p> Results: In the J-shaped root canal preparation by the students for the first time, 62.5% of the students had apical perforation and 5.4% had ledge formation. In the second-time preparation of the J-shaped root canal, 30.4% of the students had apical perforation, 3.6% had separated files, and 3.6% had ledge formation. In the S-shaped root canal preparation by the students for the first time, 23.2% of the students had apical perforation and 7.1% had separated file. In the second-time preparation of the S-shaped root canal, separated file occurred in 7.1%. In terms of speed of root canal preparation, the second try at S-shaped preparation by the students was significantly faster than the first try. The distances between pre- and post-instrumentation at the different levels showed no significant differences among the first and second trials by the students and specialists.</p><p> Conclusion: In the practice of curved-root canal preparation using NiTi files, students can quickly and accurately achieve successful preparation even for difficult S-shaped root canals, especially by paying attention when preparing a root apex.</p>

DOI： 10.11471/shikahozon.62.263

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japanese Society of Conservative Dentistry  

<p> Purpose: Nickel-titanium (NiTi) files are becoming more popular for root canal treatments, since they have the clear advantage of maintaining the original shape of curved root canals because of their low elastic modulus and flexibility. The present study assessed the educational effectiveness of preparing curved root canals with FKG RaCe in dental students' hands-on practical classes.</p><p> Methods: A total of 49 third-year students in the School of Dentistry, Osaka University performed root canal preparation of J-shaped canals in transparent epoxy resin blocks with FKG RaCe twice. After measuring the length of root canals with a #15 K file, cervical preflaring was performed with a preRaCe and glide path preparation was performed with a #15 K file. Working length was determined by subtracting 1 mm from the root canal length and root canal preparation was performed with RaCe (#30/6%, #30/4%, #25/4%, and #20/4%). For evaluating the quality of root canal preparation, digital images of the epoxy resin blocks before and after the instrumentation were captured by micro-computed tomography. Using image analysis software, the images of pre- and post-instrumentation were superimposed and the distances between pre- and post-instrumentation were measured on both the inner and outer sides. Measuring levels were set at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10 mm from the root apex and the distances were compared between the outcomes by the students and by specialists accredited by the Japanese Society of Conservative Dentistry.</p><p> Results: In 49 root canals instrumented by the students for the first time, 28 apical perforations, one separated file, and one apical blockage were observed. In 49 root canals instrumented by the students for the second time, five apical perforations and one apical blockage were observed. The distances between pre- and post-instrumentation at the different levels and working time showed no significant differences among the first and second trials by the students and specialists.</p><p> Conclusion: In hands-on training of root canal preparation for dental students, successful root canal preparation was achieved by instructing students to pay attention especially when preparing a root apex.</p>

DOI： 10.11471/shikahozon.60.255

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DOI： 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.11.017

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本バイオフィルム学会  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(NPO)日本歯科保存学会  

J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本歯内療法学会  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(NPO)日本歯周病学会  

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本薬理学会  

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