Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The integrated model of rumination argues that two trait factors-negative thinking habits and processing modes-get people stuck in maladaptive rumination. There is little evidence showing whether these factors influence the daily dynamic associations between rumination and negative moods. To address this, in this study, we conducted an experience-sampling method on Japanese university students. We recruited 92 Japanese university students and assessed their daily rumination and negative affect (NA) eight times a day for seven days. We examined the effects of habits and processing modes on the dynamic associations between rumination and negative moods using dynamic structural equation modeling. We found that individuals were more likely to ruminate when they experienced NA. However, contrary to previous findings, this study's participants did not experience NA after engaging in rumination. Moreover, we did not detect any significant trait factor effect on these dynamic associations. Our findings imply that individuals are more likely to engage in rumination after experiencing NA, but the reverse association, particularly the autoregression of rumination, may not be maintained in natural daily life. Furthermore, negative thinking habits and processing modes may not influence the daily dynamic associations between rumination and NA among Japanese university students.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-024-55174-7

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<jats:p>The objective diagnostic and stratification biomarkers developed with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data are expected to contribute to more effective treatment for mental disorders. Unfortunately, there are currently no widely accepted biomarkers, partially due to the large variety of analysis pipelines for developing them. In this study we comprehensively evaluated analysis pipelines using a large-scale, multi-site fMRI dataset for major depressive disorder (MDD) (1162 participants from eight imaging sites). We explored the combinations of options in four subprocesses of analysis pipelines: six types of brain parcellation, four types of estimations of functional connectivity (FC), three types of site difference harmonization, and five types of machine learning methods. 360 different MDD diagnostic biomarkers were constructed using the SRPBS dataset acquired with unified protocols (713 participants from four imaging sites) as a discovery dataset and evaluated with datasets from other projects acquired with heterogeneous protocols (449 participants from four imaging sites) for independent validation. To identify the optimal options regardless of the discovery dataset, we repeated the same procedure after swapping the roles of the two datasets. We found pipelines that included Glasser's parcellation, tangent-covariance, no harmonization, and non-sparse machine learning methods tended to result in high classification performance. The diagnosis results of the top 10 biomarkers showed high similarity, and weight similarity was also observed between eight of the biomarkers, except two that used both data-driven parcellation and FC computation. We applied the top 10 pipelines to the datasets of other mental disorders (autism spectral disorder: ASD and schizophrenia: SCZ) and eight of the ten biomarkers showed sufficient classification performances for both disorders, except two pipelines that included Pearson correlation, ComBat harmonization and random forest classifier combination.</jats:p>

DOI： 10.1101/2024.03.17.584538

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DOI： 10.20944/preprints202402.0026.v1

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

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According to the operational diagnostic criteria, psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are classified based on symptoms. While its cluster of symptoms defines each of these psychiatric disorders, there is also an overlap in symptoms between the disorders. We hypothesized that there are also similarities and differences in cortical structural neuroimaging features among these psychiatric disorders. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed for 5,549 subjects recruited from 14 sites. Effect sizes were determined using a linear regression model within each protocol, and these effect sizes were meta-analyzed. The similarity of the differences in cortical thickness and surface area of each disorder group was calculated using cosine similarity, which was calculated from the effect sizes of each cortical regions. The thinnest cortex was found in SZ, followed by BD and MDD. The cosine similarity values between disorders were 0.943 for SZ and BD, 0.959 for SZ and MDD, and 0.943 for BD and MDD, which indicated that a common pattern of cortical thickness alterations was found among SZ, BD, and MDD. Additionally, a generally smaller cortical surface area was found in SZ and MDD than in BD, and the effect was larger in SZ. The cosine similarity values between disorders were 0.945 for SZ and MDD, 0.867 for SZ and ASD, and 0.811 for MDD and ASD, which indicated a common pattern of cortical surface area alterations among SZ, MDD, and ASD. Patterns of alterations in cortical thickness and surface area were revealed in the four major psychiatric disorders. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a cross-disorder analysis conducted on four major psychiatric disorders. Cross-disorder brain imaging research can help to advance our understanding of the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders and common symptoms.

DOI： 10.1038/s41380-023-02224-7

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Differential diagnosis is sometimes difficult in practical psychiatric settings, in terms of using the current diagnostic system based on presenting symptoms and signs. The creation of a novel diagnostic system using objective biomarkers is expected to take place. Neuroimaging studies and others reported that subcortical brain structures are the hubs for various psycho-behavioral functions, while there are so far no neuroimaging data-driven clinical criteria overcoming limitations of the current diagnostic system, which would reflect cognitive/social functioning. Prior to the main analysis, we conducted a large-scale multisite study of subcortical volumetric and lateralization alterations in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and autism spectrum disorder using T1-weighted images of 5604 subjects (3078 controls and 2526 patients). We demonstrated larger lateral ventricles volume in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder, smaller hippocampus volume in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia-specific smaller amygdala, thalamus, and accumbens volumes and larger caudate, putamen, and pallidum volumes. In addition, we observed a leftward alteration of lateralization for pallidum volume specifically in schizophrenia. Moreover, as our main objective, we clustered the 5,604 subjects based on subcortical volumes, and explored whether data-driven clustering results can explain cognitive/social functioning in the subcohorts. We showed a four-biotype classification, namely extremely (Brain Biotype [BB] 1) and moderately smaller limbic regions (BB2), larger basal ganglia (BB3), and normal volumes (BB4), being associated with cognitive/social functioning. Specifically, BB1 and BB2-3 were associated with severe and mild cognitive/social impairment, respectively, while BB4 was characterized by normal cognitive/social functioning. Our results may lead to the future creation of novel biological data-driven psychiatric diagnostic criteria, which may be expected to be useful for prediction or therapeutic selection.

DOI： 10.1038/s41380-023-02141-9

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University students are in a phase during which they have various experiences typical in the academic environment and face situations that require adaptability and influence value formation. In the abnormal situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, university students' life rhythms, academic, interpersonal, and financial situations have changed drastically. In those situational cues, the value-based behavior of university students may have changed. Values provide purpose and direction for each action. Furthermore, values are situational goals that lead to specific real-time behavior. Therefore, this study aimed to examine whether there is a two-way influencing relationship between value-based behavior and scheduled activities of university students at two points in time (before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the COVID-19 pandemic). 417 university students answered a questionnaire at Times 1 and 2 (with a 1-year interval). We examined the relationship between value-based behavior and scheduled activities using a longitudinal cross-lagged model analysis. The findings of this study indicate that promoting value-based behaviors is positively associated with the frequency of value-based behaviors and scheduled activities even during anomalies such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Even in anomalous situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic, increasing value-based behaviors such as behavioral activation can improve the lives of university students. Future intervention studies should show whether behavioral activation is effective in decreasing depressive symptoms among university students even in abnormal situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

DOI： 10.1159/000530909

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

Abstract

Although the identification of late adolescents with subthreshold depression (StD) may provide a basis for developing effective interventions that could lead to a reduction in the prevalence of StD and prevent the development of major depressive disorder, knowledge about the neural basis of StD remains limited. The purpose of this study was to develop a generalizable classifier for StD and to shed light on the underlying neural mechanisms of StD in late adolescents. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 91 individuals (30 StD subjects, 61 healthy controls) were included to build an StD classifier, and eight functional connections were selected by using the combination of two machine learning algorithms. We applied this biomarker to an independent cohort (n = 43) and confirmed that it showed generalization performance (area under the curve = 0.84/0.75 for the training/test datasets). Moreover, the most important functional connection was between the left and right pallidum, which may be related to clinically important dysfunctions in subjects with StD such as anhedonia and hyposensitivity to rewards. Investigation of whether modulation of the identified functional connections can be an effective treatment for StD may be an important topic of future research.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-023-33077-3

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Other Link： https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-33077-3

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101857

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：(一社)日本総合病院精神医学会  

注射処置は生後間もなくから死を迎えるときまで誰もが経験し得る必要な医療処置であるが,経験した注射処置を個人がどのようにエピソード化しているのかはあまり知られていない。そのため,注射に対する過剰な恐怖(注射恐怖)の学習に関する,具体的な予防策の検討が困難であった。そこで,大学生236名から過去の注射処置に関するネガティブなエピソードを収集し,自然言語処理技術の一つであるトピックモデルを用いて内容を自動抽出した。その結果,「嫌悪的な情報への注目」,「集団接種場面での拡張的体験」,「医療情報の知識伝達」,「有害事象に関する情報収集」の4つが注射処置に関する体験内容として抽出され,特に「集団接種場面での拡張的体験」と「有害事象に関する情報収集」は意味的に近いものとして語られていた。この結果を踏まえ,注射恐怖の対策や注射処置に関する留意点について検討した。(著者抄録)

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

DOI： 10.1111/pcn.13542

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: Dynamics of the distributed sets of functionally synchronized brain regions, known as large-scale networks, are essential for the emotional state and cognitive processes. However, few studies were performed to elucidate the aberrant dynamics across the large-scale networks across multiple psychiatric disorders. In this paper, we aimed to investigate dynamic aspects of the aberrancy of the causal connections among the large-scale networks of the multiple psychiatric disorders. STUDY DESIGN: We applied dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to the large-sample multi-site dataset with 739 participants from 4 imaging sites including 4 different groups, healthy controls, schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BD), to compare the causal relationships among the large-scale networks, including visual network, somatomotor network (SMN), dorsal attention network (DAN), salience network (SAN), limbic network (LIN), frontoparietal network, and default mode network. STUDY RESULTS: DCM showed that the decreased self-inhibitory connection of LIN was the common aberrant connection pattern across psychiatry disorders. Furthermore, increased causal connections from LIN to multiple networks, aberrant self-inhibitory connections of DAN and SMN, and increased self-inhibitory connection of SAN were disorder-specific patterns for SCZ, MDD, and BD, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: DCM revealed that LIN was the core abnormal network common to psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, DCM showed disorder-specific abnormal patterns of causal connections across the 7 networks. Our findings suggested that aberrant dynamics among the large-scale networks could be a key biomarker for these transdiagnostic psychiatric disorders.

DOI： 10.1093/schbul/sbad022

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BACKGROUND: Recently, we developed a generalizable brain network marker for the diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) across multiple imaging sites using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Here, we applied this brain network marker to newly acquired data to verify its test-retest reliability and anterograde generalization performance for new patients. METHODS: We tested the sensitivity and specificity of our brain network marker of MDD using data acquired from 43 new patients with MDD as well as new data from 33 healthy controls (HCs) who participated in our previous study. To examine the test-retest reliability of our brain network marker, we evaluated the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between the brain network marker-based classifier's output (probability of MDD) in two sets of HC data obtained at an interval of approximately 1 year. RESULTS: Test-retest correlation between the two sets of the classifier's output (probability of MDD) from HCs exhibited moderate reliability with an ICC of 0.45 (95 % confidence interval,0.13-0.68). The classifier distinguished patients with MDD and HCs with an accuracy of 69.7 % (sensitivity, 72.1 %; specificity, 66.7 %). LIMITATIONS: The data of patients with MDD in this study were cross-sectional, and the clinical significance of the marker, such as whether it is a state or trait marker of MDD and its association with treatment responsiveness, remains unclear. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study reaffirmed the test-retest reliability and generalization performance of our brain network marker for the diagnosis of MDD.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.087

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COVID-19 has exposed university students to high-stress situations, and the percentage of individuals with depressive symptoms was high during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, subthreshold depression carries a risk for the subsequent development of major depressive disorder (MDD). During the COVID-19 pandemic, we examined whether differences exist between university students who deteriorated from subthreshold depression to MDD and those who remained stable or improved. Four hundred seventeen participants completed all the measures twice over a one-year interval. One hundred twenty-three participants met the criteria for subthreshold depression at Time 1. One year later, 42 participants no longer met the criteria for subthreshold depression, 68 participants maintained the criteria for subthreshold depression, and 13 participants met the criteria for MDD. We conducted two-way repeated measures ANOVA to examine the differences between those who deteriorated from subthreshold depression to MDD and those who did not. The study results suggest that avoidance behavior is associated with the development of MDD from subthreshold depression. Additionally, the study showed that experiencing isolation relates to MDD onset. Therefore, we should monitor avoidance behavior and isolation in pandemic conditions. Consequently, attention to avoidance behavior and isolation may be important; however, further research is required.

DOI： 10.3390/bs13010072

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Language：Japanese  

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Trust attitude is a social personality trait linked with the estimation of others' trustworthiness. Trusting others, however, can have substantial negative effects on mental health, such as the development of depression. Despite significant progress in understanding the neurobiology of trust, whether the neuroanatomy of trust is linked with depression vulnerability remains unknown. To investigate a link between the neuroanatomy of trust and depression vulnerability, we assessed trust and depressive symptoms and employed neuroimaging to acquire brain structure data of healthy participants. A high depressive symptom score was used as an indicator of depression vulnerability. The neuroanatomical results observed with the healthy sample were validated in a sample of clinically diagnosed depressive patients. We found significantly higher depressive symptoms among low trusters than among high trusters. Neuroanatomically, low trusters and depressive patients showed similar volume reduction in brain regions implicated in social cognition, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), dorsomedial PFC, posterior cingulate, precuneus, and angular gyrus. Furthermore, the reduced volume of the DLPFC and precuneus mediated the relationship between trust and depressive symptoms. These findings contribute to understanding social- and neural-markers of depression vulnerability and may inform the development of social interventions to prevent pathological depression.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-022-20443-w

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

AIM: To establish treatment response biomarkers that reflect the pathophysiology of depression, it is important to use an integrated set of features. This study aimed to determine the relationship between regional brain activity at rest and blood metabolites related to treatment response to escitalopram to identify the characteristics of depression that respond to treatment. METHODS: Blood metabolite levels and resting-state brain activity were measured in patients with moderate to severe depression (n = 65) before and after 6-8 weeks of treatment with escitalopram, and these were compared between Responders and Nonresponders to treatment. We then examined the relationship between blood metabolites and brain activity related to treatment responsiveness in patients and healthy controls (n = 36). RESULTS: Thirty-two patients (49.2%) showed a clinical response (>50% reduction in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score) and were classified as Responders, and the remaining 33 patients were classified as Nonresponders. The pretreatment fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) value of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and plasma kynurenine levels were lower in Responders, and the rate of increase of both after treatment was correlated with an improvement in symptoms. Moreover, the fALFF value of the left DLPFC was significantly correlated with plasma kynurenine levels in pretreatment patients with depression and healthy controls. CONCLUSION: Decreased resting-state regional activity of the left DLPFC and decreased plasma kynurenine levels may predict treatment response to escitalopram, suggesting that it may be involved in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder in response to escitalopram treatment.

DOI： 10.1111/pcn.13373

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Other Link： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/pcn.13373

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

Abstract

The main hypothesis for the relation between physical activity and mental health is that autonomous motivation, such as subjective pleasure for the activity, plays an important role. However, no report has described empirical research designed to examine the role of subjective pleasure in the relation between objectively measured physical activity and psychological indexes. We used accelerometers to collect data indicating participants' physical activity intensity during a week. Participants recorded their subjective pleasure of activity per hour. In 69% of them, the individual correlation coefficients between physical activity and pleasure in an hour (an index of Physical Activity-Pleasure; PA-PL) were positive (r = 0.22, 95%Cl = [0.11–0.38]), indicating that pleasant sensations increased concomitantly with increasing physical activity. Conversely, 31% participants exhibited negative values of PA-PL, which means that the increase in physical activity had the opposite effect, decreasing pleasure. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that avoidance/rumination behaviors decreased significantly with increased PA-PL (β = −6.82, 95%CI: [−13.27 to −0.38], p &lt; .05). These results indicate that subjective pleasure attached to the PA is more important than the PA amount for reducing depressive behavior.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-022-06563-3

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Other Link： https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-06563-3

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

Attention function is thought to be important in chronic pain, with the pathology of chronic pain closely associated with cognitive-emotional components. However, there have been few neuroimaging studies of the relationship between attention function and chronic pain. We used the method of functional connectivity analysis for resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) data and the Attention Network Test-Revision (ANT-R) to clarify the attention-related pathology of chronic pain. We performed rs-fMRI and ANT-R on a group of 26 chronic pain (somatoform pain disorder) patients and 28 age-matched healthy controls. A significant group difference in validity effects, a component of ANT-R, emerged (F1,46 = 5.91, p = 0.019), and the chronic pain group exhibited slower reaction times. Decreased brain connectivity of the left insula and left frontal regions was confirmed in chronic pain patients (pFWE < 0.05), and connectivity was negatively correlated with validity effects (r = -0.29, permutation test p = 0.033). Further, decreased functional connectivity strength of the right insula and left temporal gyrus in the chronic pain group were confirmed (pFWE < 0.05). We conclude that poor control of attention function results from deficits of functional connectivity in the left insula and left frontal regions in chronic pain.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bandc.2021.105806

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Frontiers Media SA  

Behavioral activation has been shown to engender improvement of depressive symptoms. Behavioral activation specifically addresses behavioral patterns that maintain depressive symptoms and increases activation of rewarding behaviors based on a person’s own values. Nevertheless, behaving according to those values can be difficult. Consequently, discussing reduction in barriers to activation of value-based behaviors is important. Self-compassion might promote value-based behavior when a person confronts some obstacle. We evaluated differences in self-compassion and behavioral characteristics at high and low levels of value-based behaviors. Furthermore, we examined relations of self-compassion to value-based behaviors while considering activation, avoidance, and positive reinforcement in the context of behavioral activation. All 800 university student participants (415 women, 385 men; mean age=20.47years; age range 18–24years) in this study completed assessments. Descriptive statistics, MANOVA, and stepwise regression analysis relations elucidated their value-based behavior, self-compassion, and behavioral characteristics. Results suggest that participants who behaved according to values had high levels of self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness. Results of stepwise regression analyses suggest as a new finding that positive components of self-compassion (self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness) are related to value-based behaviors even when behavioral factors are considered in the context of behavioral activation.

DOI： 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.566181

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DOI： 10.21203/rs.3.rs-911537/v1

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

The relations among clinical factors after behavioral activation for subthreshold depression remain unclear. This study was designed to assess relations among clinical factors after behavioral activation for subthreshold depression. This randomized controlled trial study examined 51 university students with subthreshold depression who had completed pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 1-year follow-up assessments. We examined relations among variables using structural equation modeling (SEM) based on maximum likelihood estimation. Fitted index values suggest that the proposed model is valid. Results indicate that the greater increase in activation from post-treatment to 1-year follow-up was associated with increased positive reinforcement from post-treatment to 1-year follow-up. Furthermore, the greater increase in positive reinforcement from post-treatment to 1-year follow-up was associated with decreased depressive symptoms from post-treatment to 1-year follow-up. To prevent worsening of depressive symptoms after behavioral activation, more attention must be devoted to changes in activation and positive reinforcement.

DOI： 10.1007/s41811-021-00108-8

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Other Link： https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41811-021-00108-8/fulltext.html

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：科学評論社  

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

DOI： 10.1111/pcn.13166

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Other Link： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/pcn.13166

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DOI： 10.1002/brb3.1868

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Other Link： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/brb3.1868

Language：Japanese  

DOI： 10.15027/50080

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Other Link： http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/030660084

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Frontiers Media SA  

DOI： 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00165

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DOI： 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02536

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DOI： 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00289

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Informa UK Limited  

DOI： 10.2147/NDT.S172385

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japanese Psychological Association  

DOI： 10.4992/pacjpa.82.0_ss-020

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2019004932

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Royal College of Psychiatrists  

Background

Behavioural activation is an efficient treatment for depression and can improve intrinsic motivation. Previous studies have revealed that the frontostriatal circuit is involved in intrinsic motivation; however, there are no data on how behavioural activation affects the frontostriatal circuit.

Aims

We aimed to investigate behavioural activation-related changes in the frontostriatal circuit.

Method

Fifty-nine individuals with subthreshold depression were randomly assigned to either the intervention or non-intervention group. The intervention group received five weekly behavioural activation sessions. The participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning on two separate occasions while performing a stopwatch task based on intrinsic motivation. We investigated changes in neural activity and functional connectivity after behavioural activation.

Results

After behavioural activation, the intervention group had increased activation and connectivity in the frontostriatal region compared with the non-intervention group. The increased activation in the right middle frontal gyrus was correlated with an improvement of subjective sensitivity to environmental rewards.

Conclusions

Behavioural activation-related changes to the frontostriatal circuit advance our understanding of psychotherapy-induced improvements in the neural basis of intrinsic motivation.

Declaration of interest

None.

DOI： 10.1192/bjo.2018.40

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Informa UK Limited  

DOI： 10.2147/NDT.S168077

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Cambridge University Press (CUP)  

Abstract

Background

Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) is thought to be useful for chronic pain, with the pathology of the latter being closely associated with cognitive–emotional components. However, there are few resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI) studies. We used the independent component analysis method to examine neural changes after CBT and to assess whether brain regions predict treatment response.

Methods

We performed R-fMRI on a group of 29 chronic pain (somatoform pain disorder) patients and 30 age-matched healthy controls (T1). Patients were enrolled in a weekly 12-session group CBT (T2). We assessed selected regions of interest that exhibited differences in intrinsic connectivity network (ICN) connectivity strength between the patients and controls at T1, and compared T1 and T2. We also examined the correlations between treatment effects and rs-fMRI data.

Results

Abnormal ICN connectivity of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and inferior parietal lobule within the dorsal attention network (DAN) and of the paracentral lobule within the sensorimotor network in patients with chronic pain normalized after CBT. Higher ICN connectivity strength in the OFC indicated greater improvements in pain intensity. Furthermore, ICN connectivity strength in the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) within the DAN at T1 was negatively correlated with CBT-related clinical improvements.

Conclusions

We conclude that the OFC is crucial for CBT-related improvement of pain intensity, and that the dorsal PCC activation at pretreatment also plays an important role in improvement of clinical symptoms via CBT.

DOI： 10.1017/S0033291717002598

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)  

Perspective taking is defined as the social cognitive function of imagining the world or imagining oneself from another's viewpoint. Previously, we reported that behavioral activation increased the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) activation during other perspective self-referential processing for positive words in subthreshold depression, but did not report whether metacognitive function was related to the dmPFC activation. Therefore, we sought to test the relationship between the dmPFC activation during other perspective self-referential processing for positive words and an individual's metacognitive evaluation of other perspective. Thirty-four healthy individuals underwent functional MRI scans during a referential task with two viewpoints (self/other) and two emotional valences (positive/negative). Neural activation during other perspective self-referential processing for positive words was correlated with the metacognitive function of participants measured by the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). We found a positive correlation between the score in perspective taking of the IRI and activation in the dmPFC during other perspective self-referential processing for positive words. The present findings showed that self-report questionnaires assessing participants' metacognitive evaluation of other perspective were correlated with dmPFC activation during positive metacognition of other perspective task. However, we did not conduct a behavioral activation intervention in the present study. The present students were healthy. The IRI is a subjective measure of multidimensional trait empathy. It is necessary to develop an objective measurement for the metacognitive function of other perspective in the near future.

DOI： 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000818

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DOI： 10.1038/s41598-017-03522-1

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Other Link： http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-03522-1

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Cambridge University Press (CUP)  

Background

It has been demonstrated that negatively distorted self-referential processing, in which individuals evaluate one's own self, is a pathogenic mechanism in subthreshold depression that has a considerable impact on the quality of life and carries an elevated risk of developing major depression. Behavioural activation (BA) is an effective intervention for depression, including subthreshold depression. However, brain mechanisms underlying BA are not fully understood. We sought to examine the effect of BA on neural activation during other perspective self-referential processing in subthreshold depression.

Method

A total of 56 subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scans during a self-referential task with two viewpoints (self/other) and two emotional valences (positive/negative) on two occasions. Between scans, while the intervention group (n = 27) received BA therapy, the control group (n = 29) did not.

Results

The intervention group showed improvement in depressive symptoms, increased activation in the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), and increased reaction times during other perspective self-referential processing for positive words after the intervention. Also, there was a positive correlation between increased activation in the dmPFC and improvement of depressive symptoms. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between improvement of depressive symptoms and increased reaction times.

Conclusions

BA increased dmPFC activation during other perspective self-referential processing with improvement of depressive symptoms and increased reaction times which were associated with improvement of self-monitoring function. Our results suggest that BA improved depressive symptoms and objective monitoring function for subthreshold depression.

DOI： 10.1017/S0033291716002956

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DOI： 10.1016/j.jad.2016.06.046

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本認知・行動療法学会  

本研究では、エクスポージャー中の恐怖のピーク前後の安全確保行動(以下、SB)が治療効果に及ぼす影響性の差異について検討した。ゴキブリ恐怖の大学生(N=30)を対象に、対象者を三つの介入条件のいずれか一つに割り当てた:(a)SBなし群、(b)恐怖ピーク前SB群、(c)恐怖ピーク後SB群。群と時期(エクスポージャー前・エクスポージャー直後・フォローアップ時)を独立変数、ゴキブリ恐怖に関する変数を従属変数とした分散分析の結果、すべてのゴキブリ恐怖の変数において時期の主効果が有意であった。単純主効果の検定の結果、すべての群においてエクスポージャー直後とフォローアップ時のゴキブリ恐怖は、エクスポージャー前と比較して、有意に低かった。最後に、各群のエクスポージャー中の恐怖の推移もふまえて、エクスポージャー中の恐怖のピーク前後の安全確保行動が治療効果に及ぼす影響について、考察した。(著者抄録)

DOI： 10.24468/jjbt.42.2_237

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2016&ichushi_jid=J00454&link_issn=&doc_id=20160822010016&doc_link_id=%2Fdr4behav%2F2016%2F004202%2F017%2F0237-0246%26dl%3D0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdr4behav%2F2016%2F004202%2F017%2F0237-0246%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Society of Anxiety Disorders  

This study explored the relationship between the neutral and negative interpretation, and explored the influence of the positive, neutral, and negative interpretations in ambiguous events for SAD patients. In this study, 50 SAD patients completed (1) the Japanese version of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (Asakura et al., 2002); (2) the interpretation measure of ambiguous events. The results of correlation analysis revealed that the negative interpretation did not relate to neutral interpretation but positive interpretation (<i>r</i>=-.48, <i>p</i><.001) in social events. The regression analysis revealed that the influence of negative interpretation in social events predicted social anxiety symptoms (β=.34, <i>p</i><.05). The results suggest that to benign negative interpretations of ambiguous events will be decrease social anxiety symptoms by increasing positive interpretation of them.

DOI： 10.14389/jsad.6.2_63

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Society of Anxiety Disorders  

DOI： 10.14389/adr.6.7

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Society of Psychosomatic Medicine  

The purpose of this study was to explore the factor structure of the Japanese version of Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure (J-IPSM). The J-IPSM assesses the tendency for being sensitive to rejection (interpersonal rejection sensitivity). This study comprised 301 undergraduate students who completed the J-IPSM. The J-IPSM included 27 items loading on 5 factors - "fear of breakup of a relationship", "unassertive interpersonal behavior due to fear of hurting others", "fear of criticism by others", "discrepancy between social self-image and true self-image", and "obsequence to others". The internal consistency of the scale and each subscale explored by the factor analysis were suffi-ciently high (α=0.78-0.91). Furthermore, among atypical depressive patients, the scores of J-IPSM correlated strongly with the score of the self-reported measures of depressive symptoms. The J-IPSM, therefore, may be highly valid and potential for clinical and research applications. Finally, differences in the results of original IPSM and J-IPSM were discussed from the viewpoint of culture.

DOI： 10.15064/jjpm.54.5_422

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2014240618

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier {BV}  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jad.2013.05.067

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本認知・行動療法学会  

本研究の目的は、パフォーマンスの解釈バイアス(以下、解釈バイアス)が社交不安に対するビデオフィードバック(以下、VFB)の効果を規定する要因の一つであるかを検討することであった。大学生27名を対象に、VFBを挟んだ2度の3分間スピーチからなる実験を行い、スピーチ前の主観的不安感、スピーチ中の主観的不安感、スピーチの自己評価および他者評価、心拍数を測定した。パフォーマンスの質については解釈バイアスの大小による差は見られなかった。しかし、解釈バイアスの大きい者ほどVFBを受けることで自己評価は改善し、スピーチ前およびスピーチ中の不安感は低下することが明らかにされた。本研究の結果から、解釈バイアスが大きい者の社交不安症状に対してVFBが一層有効である可能性が示唆された。(著者抄録)

DOI： 10.24468/jjbt.38.1_35

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本行動医学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本認知療法・認知行動療法学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)全国大学保健管理協会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本認知・行動療法学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本認知・行動療法学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(国研)国立精神・神経医療研究センター精神保健研究所  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本生理心理学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本精神神経学会  

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：産業医学振興財団  

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本産業精神保健学会  

精神障害の労災認定では「業務による心理的負荷評価表」に基づく強度判定が行われてきたが、近年の労働環境変化に対応した整理が必要である。そこで、従来の心理的負荷評価表に記載されている業務上の出来事の表記を修正し、パワーハラスメント等の新規項目を追加したうえで、それらのストレスイベントの経験の有無や、それによる心理的負荷の強度について調査した。調査はインターネットを用いて全国30,000人の労働者を対象に実施し、回答集団に依存しないストレスイベントごとの特徴を把握するため項目反応理論による解析を行った。その結果、パワーハラスメントが労働者に強いストレスを感じさせることが一貫して示された。また、従来項目に加えた注釈が出来事の詳細を具体的にした可能性がみられた。本調査はインターネット調査の限界やコロナ禍初期の影響を受けるが、近年の労働者の状況に沿ったストレスイベントの詳細を明らかにできた。(著者抄録)

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本精神神経学会  

近年の拡散テンソル画像(DTI)研究によって,気分障害の白質統合性低下が比較的一致した所見として示されているが,うつ病と双極性障害間では統合性低下を生じる白質領域の多くは共通し,変化する領域の疾患特異性は乏しいことが指摘されている.また,白質統合性は,健常者では30歳代後半まで増加しその後加齢とともに低下することが知られているが,うつ病と双極性障害を直接比較した報告はなく,両疾患間の白質統合性低下と年齢の関係性に疾患特異性があるか否かは明らかではない.そこで,われわれは両疾患の白質統合性を年齢効果を調整したうえで直接比較した.本稿ではその研究成果について紹介した.双極性障害58名,うつ病101名,ならびに健常対照者98名を対象にDTI撮像を実施し,全脳線維追跡法によって画像解析し,算出した各領域のFA値を応答変数,年齢,群を説明変数に一般化線形モデルを用いて群主効果を有する白質線維領域を求め,年齢-群交互作用の検定を行った.主要な白質線維領域でFA値に対する年齢の主効果を示し,いずれも年齢とともにFA値は低下していた.これらの領域のうち,左側脳梁体部,左側脳弓体部/柱部において群の主効果を示し,事後検定によって双極性障害ではうつ病,健常対照群に比較し有意なFA値の低下を示した.一方で年齢-群交互作用はいずれの白質線維領域にも認められなかった.これらの結果から,双極性障害では早期段階からすでに左側脳梁体部,左側脳弓体部/柱部において白質統合性低下が生じている可能性が示唆された.(著者抄録)

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：広島医学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本産業精神保健学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)全国大学保健管理協会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(有)科学評論社  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Society for Medical and Biological Engineering  

Since the COVID-19 pandemic has further increased depression and suicide, the development of its neuroscience-based therapeutic method is urgently required. In our fMRI studies of depressed patients, we found that the hyperfunction of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) which related loss of motivation, while hypofunction of posterior cingulate (PCC) which related rumination, and these were improved by antidepressant. Focusing on the antagonistic effect between DLPFC and PCC, we carried out a clinical trial of fMRI neurofeedback (NF) targeting DLPFC. We found its antidepressive effect and suggested a potent non-pharmacological treatment for depression. Next, in order to develop a more practical NF treatment for depression, fNIRS-NF targeting DLPFC was carried out on healthy subjects evaluating by the Beck depression inventory (BDI) and rumination-reflection questionnaire (RRQ) as well as its safety and brain functional change by fMRI. In this session, we will introduce our research and discuss the future prospects of fNIRS.

DOI： 10.11239/jsmbe.annual59.246

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本生物学的精神医学会  

報酬を予期する能力は価値に基づき適応的な行動を選択する基盤で,うつ病や閾値下うつではその機能障害が示唆されている。また,近年の脳機能画像研究の進歩により,報酬予期の神経生物学的基盤が明らかになり,精神疾患の病態解明を目的とした研究にも応用されるようになっている。筆者らはうつの報酬予期機能に着目し,うつ病や閾値下うつを対象に金銭報酬遅延課題中の脳活動を検討した。その結果,うつ病患者では,健常者で見られる報酬額に応じた線条体の活動上昇がみられないこと,閾値下うつでは健常と比べて金銭報酬予期時に前頭・頭頂領域の機能変化を認めること,これらの脳機能変化は抗うつ薬や精神療法といった介入により回復することなどが明らかになった。また,これまで課題を用いて調べてきた報酬予期時の脳活動を,より簡便な安静時脳機能画像から予測する研究も行っており,その予備的な結果も紹介する。(著者抄録)

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)金剛出版  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)金剛出版  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)全国大学保健管理協会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本認知療法学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)学樹書院  

今日,様々な精神療法が精神医療の中で用いられているが,より良い治療提供のためには精神療法がもたらす作用を脳のレベルで理解していくことが重要な課題である。近年発展の著しい脳画像解析手法は,精神療法の作用メカニズムを理解するための有用なツールとなり得るものであり,2000年代以降から精神療法の背後にある心理学的構成概念に関する脳科学的基盤を明らかにしてきた。また,精神療法の中でも認知行動療法(CBT)に関する研究が盛んに行われ,CBTがどのようにして,なぜ,変化をもたらすのかといった作用についてのエビデンスが急速に蓄積されている。そこで本稿では,主に認知行動療法に関する脳科学研究について概観し,それぞれの治療技法に関する脳科学的視点からの作用メカニズムの理解について考察した。脳科学は精神療法のメカニズムを目に見える形で実証していくに留まらず,脳科学的メカニズムを治療対象とした神経行動療法への発展を促す可能性を有しており,今後のさらなる発展が期待される。(著者抄録)

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公財)日本精神衛生会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)中外医学社  

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2018&ichushi_jid=J06546&link_issn=&doc_id=20181212310065&doc_link_id=10.24468%2Fjabctc.44.0_160&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.24468%2Fjabctc.44.0_160&type=J-STAGE&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00007_3.gif

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (national, other academic conference)  

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2012&ichushi_jid=J05371&link_issn=&doc_id=20121129160175&doc_link_id=%2Fdr4beabs%2F2012%2F0038s1%2F164%2F0388-0389%26dl%3D0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdr4beabs%2F2012%2F0038s1%2F164%2F0388-0389%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

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