Updated on 2024/12/22

写真a

 
KAWASAKA Kento
 
Organization
Sado Island Center for Ecological Sustainability . Specially Appointed Assistant Professor
Title
Specially Appointed Assistant Professor
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The Best Research Achievement in Research Career

    • 【Papers】 Does a cichlid fish process face holistically? Evidence of the face inversion effect  2019.3

    • 【Papers】 Does a cichlid fish process face holistically? Evidence of the face inversion effect  2019.3

    • 【Papers】 Cleaner fish recognize self in a mirror via self-face recognition like humans  2023.2

Degree

  • Doctor of Science ( 2021.3   Osaka City University )

  • Master of Science ( 2018.3   Osaka City University )

  • Bachelor of Science ( 2016.3   Osaka City University )

Research Interests

  • cichlid fish

  • face perception

  • coastal fish

  • individual recognition

  • Individuality

  • fish ethology

  • Social interaction

Research Areas

  • Life Science / Aquatic life science  / Ichthyology

  • Humanities & Social Sciences / Cognitive science  / Comparative psychology

  • Life Science / Animal physiological chemistry, physiology and behavioral biology  / ethology

  • Life Science / Ecology and environment  / behavioral ecology

Research History (researchmap)

  • Niigata University   Marine Biological Station, Sado Island Center for Ecological Sustainability   Assistant Professor

    2023.4

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    Country:Japan

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  • Osaka Metropolitan University   Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science   Part-time Lecturer

    2022.4 - 2023.3

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  • Osaka City University   Biology and Geosciences Course, Graduate School of Science   Part-time Lecturer

    2021.4 - 2022.3

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  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science   Research Fellowship for Young Scientists

    2019.4 - 2021.3

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Research History

  • Niigata University   Specially Appointed Assistant Professor

    2023.4

  • Osaka Metropolitan University   Graduate School of Science   Specially Appointed Lecturer

    2022.4 - 2023.3

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    Country:Japan

  • Osaka City University   Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University   Specially Appointed Lecturer

    2021.4 - 2022.3

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    Country:Japan

Education

  • Osaka City University   Graduate School of Science   Biology and Geosciences Course

    2018.4 - 2021.3

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    Country: Japan

    Notes: Doctor's Course

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  • Osaka City University   Graduate School of Science   Biology and Geosciences Course

    2016.4 - 2018.3

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    Country: Japan

    Notes: Master's Course

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  • Osaka City University   Faculty of Science   Department of Biology

    2012.4 - 2016.3

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    Country: Japan

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Professional Memberships

  • The Ichthyological Society of Japan

    2022

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  • The Japanese Society for Animal Psychology

    2016

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  • Japan Ethological Society

    2015

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  • The Ecological Society of Japan

    2020

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  • Animal Behavior Society

    2018 - 2021

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  • The Zoological Society of Japan

    2018 - 2021

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Committee Memberships

  • 日本魚類学会   2022年度 日本魚類学会年会実行委員  

    2022.4 - 2022.9   

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    Committee type:Academic society

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Papers

  • Ghost Fishing Threatens Biodiversity in an African Great Lake Reviewed International coauthorship International journal

    Shun Satoh, Tetsumi Takahashi, Seiya Okuno, Kento Kawasaka, Mabo Lwabanya

    Fisheries   2024.2

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Wiley  

    We conducted an investigation into ghost fishing, a phenomenon in which abandoned fishing equipment remains operational for extended durations, in the southern region of Lake Tanganyika, Republic of Zambia. The perils associated with ghost fishing have achieved international recognition; however, there exists a conspicuous dearth of scholarly investigations in particular regions, notably inland aquatic environments and developing countries. Employing scuba diving for field observations, we discovered that ghost fishing was solely evident in monofilament nylon nets, despite the presence of four different net types in the littoral area of the lake. Notably, endemic crabs Platythelphusa armata and P. maculata from Lake Tanganyika constituted 65.2% of the organisms captured by abandoned nets, with the remainder comprising various fish species. The number of captured organisms exhibited a dependence on the interplay between the length and mesh size of the abandoned nets, indicating that the risk of ghost fishing is heightened when both net and mesh size are substantial. Furthermore, we encountered predatory Spiny Eels Mastacembelus moorii ensnared in nets around their jaws and teeth. Intriguingly, the digestive tract of one of the Spiny Eels contained a partially digested cichlid species entangled in the same nets, strongly suggesting the occurrence of secondary ghost fishing.

    DOI: 10.1002/fsh.11061

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  • Male Guppies Recognize Familiar Conspecific Males by Their Face Reviewed

    Shumpei Sogawa, Rio Fukushima, Will Sowersby, Satoshi Awata, Kento Kawasaka, Masanori Kohda

    Zoological Science   40 ( 2 )   2023.4

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Zoological Society of Japan  

    DOI: 10.2108/zs220088

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  • Cleaner fish recognize self in a mirror via self-face recognition like humans Reviewed

    Masanori Kohda, Redouan Bshary, naoki kubo, Satoshi Awata, Will Sowersby, Kento Kawasaka, Taiga Kobayashi, Shumpei Sogawa

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences   120 ( 7 )   2023.2

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences  

    <jats:p>
    Some animals have the remarkable capacity for mirror self-recognition (MSR), yet any implications for self-awareness remain uncertain and controversial. This is largely because explicit tests of the two potential mechanisms underlying MSR are still lacking: mental image of the self and kinesthetic visual matching. Here, we test the hypothesis that MSR ability in cleaner fish,
    <jats:italic>Labroides dimidiatus</jats:italic>
    , is associated with a mental image of the self, in particular the self-face, like in humans
    <jats:italic>.</jats:italic>
    Mirror-naive fish initially attacked photograph models of both themselves and unfamiliar strangers. In contrast, after all fish had passed the mirror mark test, fish did not attack their own (motionless) images, but still frequently attacked those of unfamiliar individuals. When fish were exposed to composite photographs, the self-face/unfamiliar body were not attacked, but photographs of unfamiliar face/self-body were attacked, demonstrating that cleaner fish with MSR capacity recognize their own facial characteristics in photographs. Additionally, when presented with self-photographs with a mark placed on the throat, unmarked mirror-experienced cleaner fish demonstrated throat-scraping behaviors. When combined, our results provide clear evidence that cleaner fish recognize themselves in photographs and that the likely mechanism for MSR is associated with a mental image of the self-face, not a kinesthetic visual-matching model. Humans are also capable of having a mental image of the self-face, which is considered an example of private self-awareness. We demonstrate that combining mirror test experiments with photographs has enormous potential to further our understanding of the evolution of cognitive processes and private self-awareness across nonhuman animals.
    </jats:p>

    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208420120

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  • Fish focus primarily on the faces of other fish Reviewed

    Takashi Hotta, Kento Kawasaka, Shun Satoh, Masanori Kohda

    SCIENTIFIC REPORTS   9   2019.6

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP  

    "Face" is a special stimulus in humans and, nonhuman primates, and some other social mammals; that is, they perceive the face differently from the other body parts and other stimuli. In these species, the face conveys much information, so individuals examine the face at first sight rather than other body parts. Similar to mammals, the faces offish also convey much information, but little is known about whether fish pay attention to the face or face-viewing patterns. Here we document the face-viewing patterns of the cichlid fish Neolamprologus brichardi, which can distinguish between conspecifics based on facial colouration. First, we established a method to identify the point at which subject fish inspected. Fish often fixated in direction to their heads toward the object of attention, suggesting that the extended body axis indicated the attention point. Using this attribute, we examined the point of attention of subject fish presented with photographs of conspecifics and heterospecifics. The results revealed that the fish inspected initially and repeatedly at the face and the duration was longer for the face than other body parts.

    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44715-0

    Web of Science

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  • Does a cichlid fish process face holistically? Evidence of the face inversion effect Reviewed

    Kento Kawasaka, Takashi Hotta, Masanori Kohda

    ANIMAL COGNITION   22 ( 2 )   153 - 162   2019.3

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:SPRINGER HEIDELBERG  

    Faces are the most important body part for differentiating among human individuals by humans. Humans read the face as a whole, rather than looking at its parts, which makes it more difficult to recognise inverted faces than upright. Some other mammals also identify each other based on the upright face and take longer to recognise inverted faces. This effect is called the face inversion effect and is considered as evidence for face-specific perception. This ability has rarely been observed in animals other than mammals, but it was recently reported that some fish species could distinguish among individuals based on the face. For example, the cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher rapidly recognises familiar conspecifics by faces rather than other body parts. Here, we examined the face inversion effect in N. pulcher, by showing photographs of conspecific fish faces and objects in both upright and inverted orientations. Subjects gazed at novel faces longer than familiar faces in upright presentation, whereas they did not show such a tendency for inverted faces. Although the object discrimination was difficult, we did not observe the difference between upright and inverted object photographs. Our results indicate that fish exhibits the inversion effect for faces. These findings suggest that N. pulcher may process their conspecifics' face holistically, like humans.

    DOI: 10.1007/s10071-018-01231-4

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  • The functional role of sibling aggression and “best of a bad job” strategies in cichlid juveniles Reviewed

    Shun Satoh, Yuusuke Nishida, Taiga Saeki, Kento Kawasaka, Masanori Kohda, Satoshi Awata

    Behavioral Ecology   32 ( 3 )   488 - 499   2021.4

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Oxford University Press (OUP)  

    <title>Abstract</title>
    Siblings often compete for limited resources, such as food provided by their parents. However, although several functions of nonlethal sibling (nonsiblicidal) aggression have been proposed, there is currently little empirical evidence for these, apart from food monopolization. Here, we investigated the functions of nonlethal sibling aggression in the biparental-caring territorial herbivorous cichlid Varibilichromis moorii. We found that the juveniles of this species are highly aggressive and that larger juveniles are more aggressive toward their smaller siblings. Larger juveniles feed on algae more frequently than smaller siblings, thereby indicating a dominance hierarchy. Sibling aggression decreased when algae in the nest was experimentally removed. Furthermore, the removal of smaller juveniles decreased sibling aggression among the remaining larger juveniles, whereas the removal of larger juveniles increased aggression among smaller juveniles. The algal feeding rate of juveniles only increased when larger individuals were removed from the nest. Moreover, larger juveniles attained higher growth rates and remained in natal nests longer than smaller individuals. Our results indicate that sibling aggression may facilitate the monopolization of resources by larger juveniles and extend the parental care period. Interestingly, a small subset of juveniles was observed to migrate to other nests. These juveniles were larger than those of the host brood, and their growth rate increased within the new nests. We suggest that subordinate juveniles may disperse from natal nests and sneak into new nests to enhance their rank, which may represent a novel example of a “best of a bad job” strategy associated with sibling competition.

    DOI: 10.1093/beheco/araa150

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  • Studies on facial recognition in the cooperatively breeding fish, Neolamprologus pulcher Reviewed

    Kawasaka Kento

    1 - 86   2021.3

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    Authorship:Lead author   Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Doctoral thesis  

    DOI: 10.24544/ocu.20210527-003

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MISC

  • 会員通信「新型コロナ下での海外渡航とその顛末:ザンビア共和国とスウェーデン」 Invited

    Kawasaka Kento

    Japanese Journal of Ichthyology   70 ( 2 )   261 - 264   2023.11

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    Authorship:Lead author   Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)   Publisher:The Ichthyological Society of Japan  

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Presentations

  • Is the development of the facial pattern in a cooperatively breeding fish associated with the transition from juvenile to helper?

    70th Annual Meeting of Ecological Society of Japan  2023.3 

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    Event date: 2023.3

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Country:Japan  

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  • Facial components in cichlid fish: Study of first-order relations information International conference

    Kento Kawasaka, Satoshi Awata, Masanori Kohda

    International Society for Behavioral Ecology Congress 2022  2022.7  International Society for Behavioral Ecology

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    Event date: 2022.7 - 2022.8

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:Stockholm   Country:Sweden  

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  • Evidence of the Face Inversion Effect in Cichlid Fish International conference

    Kento Kawasaka, Satoshi Awata, Masanori Kohda

    ABS 2021 Virtual Meeting: The 58th Annual Conference of the Animal Behavior Society  2021.8  Animal Behavior Society

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    Event date: 2021.8

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:Online  

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  • The face is special for fish: Evidence from the “inversion effect” not for objects, but for faces International conference

    Kawasaka Kento, HottaTakashi, Kohda Masanori

    Behaviour 2017: Joint meeting of the 35th International Ethological Conference (IEC) and the 2017 Summer Meeting of the Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour (ASAB)  International Ethological Conference

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    Event date: 2017.7 - 2017.8

    Language:English   Presentation type:Poster presentation  

    Venue:Lisbon   Country:Portugal  

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  • 異なる底質におけるキュウセンの種間摂餌連合

    川坂健人

    日本動物行動学会 第43回大会  2024.11  日本動物行動学会

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    Event date: 2024.11

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Poster presentation  

    Venue:帝京科学大学 東京西キャンパス   Country:Japan  

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  • Face perception in a group-living cichlid fish International conference

    Kento Kawasaka

    The 5th International Congress on Natural Sciences with Sisterhood Universities (ICNS2024)  2024.9  Faculty of Science, Niigata University

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    Event date: 2024.9

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:Ikarashi Campus of Niigata University   Country:Japan  

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  • The facial pattern individuality and development in a cooperatively breeding cichlid fish, Neolamprologus pulcher

    71th Annual Meeting of Ecological Society of Japan  2024.3 

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    Event date: 2024.3

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Poster presentation  

    Country:Japan  

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  • カワスズメ科魚類<i>Neolamplorogus pulcher</i>は概念を持っているのか?

    Yoshito Ando, Shumpei Sogawa, Masanori Kohda, Satoshi Awata, Kento Kawasaka

    2023.11  Japan Ethological Society

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    Event date: 2023.11

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Poster presentation  

    Venue:Kyoto University   Country:Japan  

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  • ホンソメワケベラは自己顔認知により鏡像を自分と認識している International coauthorship

    幸田 正典, Bshary Redouan, 久保 直樹, 安房田 智司, Sowersby William, 川坂 健人, 小林 大雅, 十川 俊平

    2023年度日本魚類学会年会  2023.9  日本魚類学会

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    Event date: 2023.9

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:長崎大学 文教キャンパス   Country:Japan  

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  • シクリッドの生態から魚の模様の役割を考える Invited

    川坂健人

    形の科学研究センターシンポジウム「鳥・貝・魚・プランクトンのかたち」  2023.8 

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    Event date: 2023.8

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Symposium, workshop panel (nominated)  

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  • Geographical variation in facial patterns and other race effect in the African cichlid fish, <i>Neolamprologus pulcher</i>

    Kohki Nishida, Kento Kawasaka, Shumpei Sogawa, Masanori Kohda, Satoshi Awata

    70th Annual Meeting of Ecological Society of Japan  2023.3 

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    Event date: 2023.3

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Poster presentation  

    Country:Japan  

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  • Facial elements and configuration representing the conspecific face in a cichlid fish

    2022.9 

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    Event date: 2022.10

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Country:Japan  

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  • Cleaner fish recognize self-image in a mirror as self by self-face recognition International coauthorship

    2022.9 

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    Event date: 2022.9

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Country:Japan  

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  • Other race effect in a cichlid fish, <i>Neolamprologus pulcher</i>, with regional variation in facial patterns

    2022.9 

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    Event date: 2022.9

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Country:Japan  

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  • Fish recognize self in a mirror via self-face recognition not kinesthetic visual-matching International coauthorship International conference

    Masanori Kohda, Redouan Bshary, Naoki Kubo, Satoshi Awata, William Sowersby, Kento Kawasaka, Taiga Kobayashi, Shumpei Sogawa

    International Society for Behavioral Ecology Congress 2022  2022.7  International Society for Behavioral Ecology

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    Event date: 2022.7 - 2022.8

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:Stockholm   Country:Sweden  

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  • Other race effect in <i>Neolamprologus pulcher</i>

    2022.3 

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    Event date: 2022.3

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Poster presentation  

    Country:Japan  

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  • Fish identify their mirror reflection through self-face recognition like humans. International coauthorship International conference

    Masanori Kohda, Redounan Bshary, Naoki Kubo, Willian Sowersby, Kento Kawasaka, Taiga Kobayashi, Satoshi Awata, Shumpei Sogawa

    ABS 2021 Virtual Meeting: The 58th Annual Conference of the Animal Behavior Society  2021.8  Animal Behavior Society

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    Event date: 2021.8

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:Online  

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  • The role of individual difference in facial pattern: is it good to be different?

    2021.3 

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    Event date: 2021.3

    Language:English   Presentation type:Poster presentation  

    Country:Japan  

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  • Cichlid fish focus on conspecific eyes

    2020.11 

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    Event date: 2020.11

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Poster presentation  

    Country:Japan  

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  • ホンソメワケベラはヒトのように自己顔心象に基づき自己鏡像を認識する International coauthorship

    幸田正典, 安房田智司, Sorwesby William, 川坂健人, 久保直樹, 十川俊平

    日本動物行動学会 第39回大会  2020.11  日本動物行動学会

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    Event date: 2020.11

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:オンライン   Country:Japan  

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  • A cichlid fish focuses on the conspecific eye International conference

    Kawasaka Kento, Kohda Masanori

    The 57th Annual Conference of the Animal Behavior Society  Animal Behavior Society

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    Event date: 2020.7 - 2020.8

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:Online  

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  • What is a key element to focus on the face for cichlid fish?

    2020.3 

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    Event date: 2020.3

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Poster presentation  

    Country:Japan  

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  • 魚も眼に”つられる”? -魚類における顔注視部位の検証-

    川坂健人, 堀田崇, 幸田正典

    第31回 魚類生態研究会  2020.2 

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    Event date: 2020.2

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Poster presentation  

    Venue:九州大学 病院キャンパス   Country:Japan  

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  • どうして魚は顔を注視するのか? 顔注視行動を引き起こす要素の探求

    川坂健人, 幸田正典

    日本動物行動学会 第38回大会  2019.11  日本動物行動学会

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    Event date: 2019.11

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Poster presentation  

    Venue:大阪市立大学 杉本キャンパス   Country:Japan  

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  • What is a key element to focus on the face for cichlid fish?

    2019.10 

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    Event date: 2019.10

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Country:Japan  

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  • 魚類における視線追従に関する研究2-魚も眼と眼で通じ合う?-

    川坂健人, 幸田正典

    日本動物行動学会 第37回大会  2018.9  日本動物行動学会

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    Event date: 2018.9

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:京都大学 吉田キャンパス   Country:Japan  

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  • Face Inversion Effect in Fish: Fish Process Faces Holistically

    2018.8 

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    Event date: 2018.8

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Country:Japan  

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  • カワスズメ科魚類<i>Neolamprologus pulcher</i>の"顔の倒立効果"

    川坂健人

    第45回 四国魚類研究会  2018.3 

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    Event date: 2018.3

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:高知県大月町 黒潮実感センター   Country:Japan  

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  • 魚類における視線追従に関する研究

    川坂健人, 幸田正典

    行動2017 動物行動関連学会・研究会合同大会  2017.8  日本動物行動学会、日本動物心理学会、応用動物行動学会、日本家畜管理学会、日本行動神経内分泌学研究会

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    Event date: 2017.8 - 2017.9

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Poster presentation  

    Venue:東京大学 駒場キャンパス   Country:Japan  

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  • Do fish see face: The first imprecation for face-viewing in fish

    2017.8 

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    Event date: 2017.8 - 2017.9

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Country:Japan  

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  • Do fish see face: The first imprecation for face-viewing in fish International conference

    Hotta Takashi, Sato Shun, Kawasaka Kento, Kohda Masanori

    Behaviour 2017: Joint meeting of the 35th International Ethological Conference (IEC) and the 2017 Summer Meeting of the Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour (ASAB)  International Ethological Conference

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    Event date: 2017.7 - 2017.8

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:Lisbon   Country:Portugal  

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  • 魚の顔認知様式はほ乳類と似ているか?:『顔の倒立効果』の検証実験

    川坂健人, 堀田崇, 幸田正典

    日本動物行動学会 第35回大会  2016.11  日本動物行動学会

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    Event date: 2016.11

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Poster presentation  

    Venue:新潟大学 五十嵐キャンパス   Country:Japan  

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Research Projects

  • Investigation of social intelligence in damselfish: comparative cognitive study on social behaviour

    Grant number:24K18186

    2024.4 - 2029.3

    System name:Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research

    Research category:Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists

    Awarding organization:Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

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    Authorship:Principal investigator 

    Grant amount:\4680000 ( Direct Cost: \3600000 、 Indirect Cost:\1080000 )

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  • 沿岸性魚類のなわばり行動:個体識別と社会的文脈に基づく意思決定

    Grant number:R05-1040

    2023.7 - 2024.3

    System name:令和5年度 試験研究費助成

    Awarding organization:内田エネルギー科学振興財団

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    Authorship:Principal investigator 

    Grant amount:\400000 ( Direct Cost: \400000 )

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  • 魚類の社会的知性の基盤と神経基盤の解明:生態との関連性から探る魚類の高次認知

    Grant number:23H03871

    2023.4 - 2026.3

    System name:科学研究費助成事業

    Research category:学術変革領域研究(B)

    Awarding organization:日本学術振興会

    高橋 宏司, 渡辺 茂, 山本 直之, 萩尾 華子, 川坂 健人

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    Grant amount:\25090000 ( Direct Cost: \19300000 、 Indirect Cost:\5790000 )

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  • New Perspective on Society of Fish: Concept of the Otehr underlying on Social Behavior

    Grant number:OMU-SRPP2022-YR16

    2022.4 - 2023.3

    Awarding organization:Osaka Metropolitan University

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    Authorship:Principal investigator  Grant type:Competitive

    Grant amount:\1000000 ( Direct Cost: \1000000 )

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  • 脊椎動物の高度な認知能力の進化的起源の探求:魚類における社会的認知能力の検証

    Grant number:21K20302

    2021.8 - 2023.3

    System name:科学研究費助成事業 研究活動スタート支援

    Research category:研究活動スタート支援

    Awarding organization:日本学術振興会

    川坂 健人

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    Grant amount:\3120000 ( Direct Cost: \2400000 、 Indirect Cost:\720000 )

    本研究は、タンガニイカ湖産カワスズメ科魚類をはじめとする多様な生態や社会をもつ魚類を対象とし、かれらの個体間関係を成立・維持させる認知能力を探求する。具体的な方策は、①実験心理学的アプローチ:他者を個々に認識する「真の個体識別」や「視線追従能力」を魚類で検証し、さらに個体識別がどのような認知様式で行われるか「顔の倒立効果」や「異人種効果」といった現象を通じて解明する。②行動生態学的アプローチ:野外にて①の対象種を観察し、社会構造の複雑さとこれらの認知能力の関連を系統分析的手法から評価する。③神経生理学的アプローチ:顔認知や個体識別に特異的な脳領域の初歩的な探索を行う。という3つのアプローチを採択している。
    ①はおおむね計画通りに進展しており、とりわけ魚類の顔認知研究については一定の成果を得た。第一に、顔の模様パターンに地域変異のある協同繁殖魚Neolamprologus pulcherを対象とし、自身とは異なる模様パターンの地域個体群の識別が、自身と同じ場合と比べて困難であるかを検証した。これは、普段交流のない人種の顔は見分けづらいという「異人種効果」に相当するものであり、顔認知能力が経験により発達することを示唆する。本研究は第69回日本生態学会大会などで発表し、現在も実験を継続中である。また、従来対象としていたN. pulcherとは系統・生態が大きく異なるグッピー(Poecilia reticulata)で「顔の倒立効果」を検証し、ヒトの顔認知様式の共通性や、魚類における普遍性を確認する結果が得られた。この成果については、現在、投稿準備中である。
    2021年は新型コロナウイルス流行の影響もあり、他機関との連携や野外への滞在を必要とする②③については、所属機関内で完結する予備的な実験および文献調査、研究計画の立案に注力した。

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  • 脊椎動物の自己意識の起源の解明:魚類の鏡像自己認知、意図的騙し、メタ認知から

    Grant number:20K20630

    2020.7 - 2023.3

    System name:科学研究費助成事業 挑戦的研究(開拓)

    Research category:挑戦的研究(開拓)

    Awarding organization:日本学術振興会

    幸田 正典, 安房田 智司, 吉田 将之, 十川 俊平, 川坂健人

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    Authorship:Coinvestigator(s) 

    Grant amount:\25870000 ( Direct Cost: \19900000 、 Indirect Cost:\5970000 )

    2021年度は、ホンソメワケベラ(ホンソメ)の自己意識やメタ自己認知に関する検証実験を本学理学研究科の大実験室で行った。さらに、睡眠妨害がもたらす記憶障害に関する実験についても実施した。自己認識の前提として、グッピーとイトヨで、顔に基づく他者個体の識別に関する実験を行い、両種ともに顔で個体識別をすることが明らかになった。また、グッピーでは顔認識の倒立効果が、イトヨでは、複数の親しい個体を識別できる「真の個体認識(True Individual Recognition)」ができることを実験的に明らかにした。
    共感性に関する実験では、シクリッドの一種で、電気刺激を受けた相手個体に対し、直後に近寄り相手に接触刺激をもたらすこと、おそらくこれは哺乳類などで観察のある「慰め」に近い行動であることが示唆されている。3年目は、この行動に相手を慰める効果があるのかを調べる。もしあれば、この擦り寄り行動は「同情」とも言える行動であり、脊椎動物の共感性に関する「常識」が一変する可能性が出てきた。
    メタ認知に関して、ホンソメで鏡像自己認知(MSR)ができた個体は自分のおおよそのサイズを認識できることを示した。このこと及び本種がサイズに基づく優劣関係があることを利用し、最後に鏡を見てからモデルを見せるまでの経過時間と鏡で自分を確認する頻度をみたところ、モデル写真を見るまでの経過時間が長いほど、鏡での確認頻度も増えた。この結果はイルカの場合と同じとみなせ、魚にもメタ認知ができることを物語っている。
    2年目は、ホンソメのMSRの追試実験や新たな実験証拠を示した論文をPLOS BIOLOGYから出版した。現在は、MSRの心的プロセスに関する論文の準備をほぼ終え投稿間近である。また、オンライン発表ではあるが、国際動物行動学会、国内の行動学会で多数の発表を行なった。
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  • Origin of facial recognition in vertebrate animals -interspecific comparison using fish-

    Grant number:19J10541

    2019.4 - 2021.3

    System name:Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows

    Research category:Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows

    Awarding organization:Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

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    Grant amount:\2100000 ( Direct Cost: \2100000 )

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  • 顔 その役割と進化 認識能力の起源を探る Newspaper, magazine

    日経サイエンス社  日経サイエンス  2019.7

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    Author:Other 

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