Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1002/2688-8319.12222

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Ecological Society of Japan  

In recent years, wind-power facilities have been rapidly constructed along the Japanese coastline, from Northern Hokkaido to Tohoku. This area is a wintering and stopover zone and coincides with a major flyway for migratory geese and swans. Wind farm construction can directly and indirectly affect migratory birds through habitat loss, abandonment of wintering sites, direct mortality, and increased energy costs resulting from detours to avoid such facilities. Sensitivity maps visualising areas of greater collision risk to migratory birds represent a powerful tool for habitat conservation, while continuing to encourage renewable energy development. In this review, we first outline the current state and relevant issues of sensitivity mapping for large waterfowl, then provide two sensitivity maps for Middendorf’s bean goose. The first map provides a sensitivity score based on the probability of a goose flight path intersecting with the turn area of a windmill blade at wintering and stopover sites, and the second map shows the predicted altitudes of geese flight paths based on landscape and topographic factors along the major migratory route. Finally, we propose a systematic approach to assess putative wind farm locations, considering the outcomes of sensitivity mapping.

DOI： 10.18960/hozen.1922

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：千葉県立中央博物館  

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Ecological Society of Japan  

Insecticides are chemicals used in agriculture that may have negative impacts on human health and the survival of non-target organisms. Many amphibian species in Japan depend on paddy fields during their early development, which overlaps with rice cultivation and insecticide application to paddy fields. These early developmental stages include organ formation, when insecticide exposure could cause embryological disturbances and have serious effects on larval growth and survival. In this study, we focused on two amphibian species, the Japanese tree frog (Hyla japonica) and the Montane brown frog (Rana ornativentris) as indicator species of paddy ecosystems. We examined the toxicities of three insecticides: clothianidin (a neonictinoid), cartap (a nereistoxin), and chlorantraniliprole (a diamide). We measured larval sensitivity to these insecticides and differences in toxicity between the active ingredients and formulations. Our results indicate that exposure to cartap increased the malformation and the mortality rates in both frog species, while no teratogenicity was observed in clothianidin and chlorantraniliprole. The sensitivity to cartap differed between the two frog species; in Montane brown frogs, deformity and mortality rates occurred at higher concentrations (0.2 mg/L) than in Japanese tree frogs (0.02 mg/L). Cartap exposure caused deformities including spinal bend and spinal blisters in both species, and albinism in the Japanese tree frog. The spinal bends occurred after exposure to concentrations of 0.2 mg/L cartap in the Montane brown frogs and 0.02 mg/L cartap in Japanese tree frogs. Blisters developed after exposure to a concentration of 2 mg/L cartap in both species. Experimental treatments resulted in a greater incidence of spinal bend and a smaller incidence of spinal blisters, which occurred after exposure to the cartap formulation rather than exposure to a single active ingredient. Our results indicate that cartap has a serious impact on the early development of paddy-dwelling frogs, especially Japanese tree frogs. Spinal bends and albinism caused by cartap exposure can seriously effect larval survival and may occur at the concentrations used in standard applications of cartap in paddy fields.

DOI： 10.18960/hozen.2016

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Mammal Society of Japan  

Siberian chipmunks, <i>Tamias sibiricus,</i> exhibit hibernator and non-hibernator patterns as intra-specific variation in hibernation, which has the potential to elucidate the hibernation regulation mechanism.

Siberian chipmunks, <i>Tamias sibiricus</i>, have hibernator and non-hibernator as intra-specific variation in hibernation style, which has the potential to elucidate the hibernation regulation mechanism. However, there are no reports of the breeding protocol under laboratory conditions and success of planned breeding, which is a major obstacle in developing a model animal for hibernation. In this study, we observed the female vagina and estrus call, and compared whether there is a difference in breeding season period or estrus call between the hibernators and non-hibernators. Copulation behavior was observed when mating experiments were performed during the period of estrus call, and then, we clarified the significance of the estrus call on an estrus cycle using a vaginal smear. Results showed that female chipmunks have a single breeding season in a year. The estrus call was observed four or five times in a cycle of approximately 11 days. The estrus call was closely related to the increase in keratinized cells in vaginal smears, i.e., the estrus call is an important signal indicating ovulation in the estrus cycle. There were no differences in the length of breeding season and the estrus call between hibernators and non-hibernators. We attempted mating between hibernators and non-hibernators and succeeded in creating an F₁ generation.

DOI： 10.11238/mammalianscience.60.3

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-019-48172-7

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