記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：砂防学会  

DOI： 10.11475/sabo.73.6_27

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：砂防学会  

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

© 2019, Fuji Technology Press. All rights reserved. After a volcanic eruption, in situations where pyroclastic material generates thick ground cover, even small amounts of rainfall can trigger lahars; this effect sometimes continues for many years. For hazard mitigation against lahar disasters after an eruption, it is essential to evaluate the current risk of occurrence and estimate any possible temporal changes for the future. Putih River is one of the rivers where lahars occurred frequently after the 1984 eruption of Mt. Merapi. In this study, the characteristics of lahars and floods in the Putih River after the 1984 eruption and their change over the years were analyzed, focusing on the runoff characteristics of lahars. Irrelevant rainfall and discharge data for analyzing runoff characteristics of lahars were excluded in preprocessing. The magnitude and occurrences of lahars decreased annually during the four years following the eruption. The maximum runoff rate of lahars was approximately 12 during the 1984-1985 rainy season and decreased yearly after this. A judgement graph was employed to track the temporal changes of lahartriggering rainfall characteristics. For the 1984-1985 and 1985-1986 rainy seasons discriminant lines, which discriminate between rainfall events triggering lahar flow with peak discharge > 900 m3/s and other rainfall events, were drawn on the judgement graph.

DOI： 10.20965/JDR.2019.P0061

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：砂防学会  

<p>A heavy rainfall event in July 2018, attributable to the influence of the baiu front activated by Typhoon Prapiroon, which was named the "Heavy Rain Event of July 2018" by the Japan Meteorological Agency, caused numerous disasters. Therefore, we conducted a field survey of sediment-related disasters around Uwajima City and Seiyo City in Ehime Prefecture and Otoyo-cho in Kochi Prefecture. The total rainfall amounts from July 5-9 observed at the Uwa AMeDAS (Seiyo City) and Uwajima AMeDAS stations were 539.5 mm and 381.5 mm, respectively. In the vicinity of Uwajima City and Seiyo City, many slope failures and debris flows occurred at dawn on July 7, 2018. Many of these slope failures/debris flows occurred on the south side of the mountain range forming the boundary area between Uwajima City and Seiyo City. This boundary area roughly overlaps the Butsuzo tectonic line, which geologically separates the Chichibu zone and Shimanto zone. Although many of the slope failures were shallow landslides with failure depths of about 1-5 m, relatively large slope failures also occurred in the area where the record for cumulative rainfall was updated by a large amount. In Otoyo-cho in Kochi Prefecture, a deep-seated landslide occurred at dawn on July 7, 2018. The total rainfall from July 5-8 observed in the proximity of the Tachikawa rain gauge station was about 1200 mm, and the maximum hourly rainfall, which occurred at 19 : 00 on July 6, was 111 mm/h. This deep-seated landslide in Otoyo-cho was topographically located in a landslide area, and scars of previous landslide movements were confirmed from a topographical survey performed using airborne LiDAR.</p>

DOI： 10.11475/sabo.71.5_43

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掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

© Proceeding of the 21st LAHR-APD Congress 2018. All rights reserved. After an eruption of the volcanic mountain, in case the pyroclastic material covers the ground thickly, the situation that even small amount of rainfalls trigger lahars, continues for the long period. For the hazard mitigation against lahar disasters after the eruption, it is essential to determine the danger of occurrence of them and estimate its temporal change. Putih River is one of the rivers where lahars occurred frequently after the 1984 eruption of Mt. Merapi. In this study, the characteristics of lahar in the Putih River after the 1984 eruption and their change over the years were analyzed, focusing on runoff characteristics of lahar. Exclusion of inappropriate rainfall data and discharge data for runoff characteristics analysis was conducted as preprocessing. Magnitude and occurrence number of lahar decrease with years during four years after the eruption. Maximum runoff rate was approximately 12 during 1984-1985 rainy season and decreased with years. A few hypotheses that describe the mechanism that runoff rate became much greater than 1 were introduced. However, high spatial resolution and high accuracy rainfall data are necessary in order to Figure out its mechanism. In case of 1984-1985 and 1985-1986 rainy season, rainfall, which triggered lahar flow with peak discharge &gt; 900m3/s were discriminated on the judgement graph wherein maximum 10 minutes&#039; rainfall within a rainfall event is an abscissa axis and antecedent rainfall with half-life 24 hour at maximum 10 minutes&#039; rainfall is an ordinate axis.

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掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

© Proceeding of the 21st LAHR-APD Congress 2018. All rights reserved. Debris flow simulation is an effective method for understanding the behavior and influence of debris flows. This simulation allows for effective countermeasures such as sabo facilities and evacuation planning. This study focuses on the Mt. Sinabung volcanic region of North Sumatra, which has recently experienced increased eruptive activity. Given that a landslide dam was formed upstream of the main torrent at Mt. Sinabung, debris flow scenarios arising from the outburst need to be considered to predict and prevent damage in downstream regions. For the simulation, we applied KANAKO system with a 2 m resolution DEM for landform setting. To set the supplied discharge, we applied a rational formula using recorded rainfall data. We observed that the constituent material of the riverbed was relatively small-sized with regard to the field surveys. The larger portion of the sediment constituting approximately 35% of the riverbed ranged in particles sized from 0.05 to 0.3 m. The other 65% of the sediment was fine-grained smaller than 0.1 mm. Recent studies have indicated that the debris flows that contained a high concentration of fine particles had a higher flow-ability and larger fluid phase density than stony debris flows. Therefore, we considered scenarios involving fine materials that contributed toward a larger fluid phase density. We also considered scenarios without considering the effect of fine materials. Based on the results, the debris flow scenario considering the fine material effect appeared to flow down for a long distance and exhibited a higher risk at the downstream side.

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掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

In many cases of disaster risk mitigation program, the community preparedness often becomes the important aspect to support the success of the program. There are two modalities where the community is considered having sufficient preparedness, namely the availability of reliable prediction of the disaster characteristics and the familiarization of the real time process of the related trigger. The reliable prediction of disaster characteristics may be obtained through study on the previous disaster records or occurrences. One way to predict the disaster characteristics is carried out through hydraulics-related simulation or modeling. For cases where disaster characteristics are uncertain, the presentation of such predictions in the form of alternative scenarios is advisable. Less number of alternatives would be better, however, it may not accommodate full possibilities in mitigating the risk. In line with the rapid progress on the information and communication technology, real time monitoring of factors triggering the hazards occurrences has become valuable supports in mitigating the disaster risk. Such real time monitoring results may be easily and accurately identified by community with relatively affordable cost. This paper illustrates how the integration of the real time monitoring system with the disaster warning criteria may play an important role in the disaster risk mitigation. The snake line behavior obtained from the real time monitoring system of rainfall and its integration with the warning criteria at a certain scheme of debris flow disaster has shown a promising contribution to the community to make self-rescue. Advantages and disadvantages regarding such integration program are discussed and recommendation for further application is presented.

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 砂防学会  

DOI： 10.11475/sabo.70.5_34

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：砂防学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 砂防学会  

<p>On 19 May 2017, slope failure occurred and a landslide dam formed at Idegawa watershed, Iiyama city, Nagano prefecture. After three days interval, debris flow occurred several times at Degawa River then partially reached Chikumagawa River. Although there were no loss of lives or property damage, an evacuation advisory has been issued on 20 May, then changed evacuation order on 22 May. After 23 June, this area is under evacuation advisory again. After the disaster, research team was immediately organized by The Shin-etsu Branch of Japan Society of Erosion Control Engineering. In this report, we described the magnitude and the generation processes of landslide and subsequent debris flow occurrence based on a field survey, weather observation data and the airborne laser scanning and videos. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of the sabo-related facilities and overviewed the monitoring system and emergency measures.</p>

DOI： 10.11475/sabo.70.3_41

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：砂防学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 砂防学会  

DOI： 10.11475/sabo.68.4_37

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 砂防学会  

DOI： 10.11475/sabo.67.5_55

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：水産総合研究センター  

本研究は，利根大堰の魚道でサケOncorhynchus ketaの遡上数の自動計数に使用されている魚カウンターを用いて，小規模河川を移動する魚類を計数する手法を確立することを目的とした。2つの小規模な河川，1 つの自然河川を模した魚道において，河床上に簡易なプラットフォームを構築し，魚カウンターを設置して通過したサケとサクラマスO. masou数を計測した。その結果，水深や電極の長さが一定の条件を満す場合，体長60cm以上のサケを計測可能であることがわかった。計数精度を低下させる可能性のある要因を考察し， 河床上へのプラットフォームの構築方法を提案した。

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その他リンク： https://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010873427

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.11475/sabo.66.6_60

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 砂防学会  

After the 2010 eruption of Mt. Merapi in Indonesia, many instances of debris flows and flash floods occurred in the Putih River basin. The characteristics of debris flows and flash floods were analyzed using images of these events captured by an internet protocol (IP) camera installed near the PU-C11 sabo dam and rainfall records collected at the Gunung Maron observation station. The magnitude of debris flows and flash floods during the 2011–2012 rainy season was smaller than during the 2010–2011 rainy season. Additionally, the rainfall intensity that caused no debris flows or flash floods during the 2011–2012 rainy season was smaller than that observed during the early 1990s, when few debris flows and flash floods occurred. These results suggest that the hydrological regime of the catchment area was radically altered after the eruption.

DOI： 10.13101/ijece.7.63

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：農業農村工学会  

改良型の電極「電極ユニット」を装備した小型魚用魚カウンターを使用して，利根大堰の3号魚道を遡上する小型魚の計数実験を行った．魚カウンターの精度検証のため，魚カウンターで計数した遡上数を，電極ユニットをビデオカメラで撮影した画像から計数した遡上数で除して1分間毎のカウント率を算出した．電極ユニットを通過する魚数が50尾/min未満の場合，魚カウンターによる計数精度を表すカウント率は90%程度と高かったが，50尾/min以上の場合，電極ユニットに複数の魚が同時に侵入する同時遡上が発生し，カウント率は60%と低下した．同時遡上が発生した場合でも精度よく計数できるように，同時遡上発生時のカウント率を補正する補正式を考案した．今回の調査結果に補正式を適用すると，同時遡上が発生した場合でも，数十分間毎の遡上数は約100%のカウント率で計数可能であることを示した．

DOI： 10.11408/jsidre.81.301

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）   出版者・発行元：新潟大学教育・学生支援機構  

本研究では, カリキュラムマップを用いた成績評価に基づく学習成果の可視化において, 既に整備されている人材育成の枠組みを活用する力法と, その課題を明らかにするととを目的とする．既存のJABEE学習教育目標と主専攻プログラムの到達目標を整理する手法を用いた可視化を提案すると共に, 到達目標毎の配点のばらつきによる可視化された学習成果の見え方について議論した．

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その他リンク： http://hdl.handle.net/10191/24045

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE  

To examine the effects of thinning intensity on wind vulnerability and regeneration in a coastal pine (Pinus thunbergii) forest, thinning with intensities of 20%, 30% and 50% was conducted in December 1997; there was an unthinned treatment as the control (total 8 stands). We re-measured the permanent sites to assess the regeneration characteristics 11 years after thinning. In the 50% thinned stand, seedlings aged from 2 to 10 years exhibited the highest pine seedling density and growth. The age composition ranged from 1-3 years with densities of 9.9 and 5.1 seedlings m(-2) in 30% and 20% thinned stands; only 1-year-old seedlings with a density of 6.1 seedlings m(-2) in the unthinned stand. Similar trends were found for the regeneration of broadleaved species such as Robinia pseudoacacia and Prunus serrulata. We speculate that the canopy openness and moss coverage contributed to the regeneration success in the 50% thinned stand, while the higher litter depth and lack of soil moisture induced the regeneration failure in the unthinned stand. The stands thinned at 20% or 30% were less favourable for pine regeneration than the stands thinned at 50%. Therefore, thinning with less than 30% canopy openness (20% and 30% thinned stands) should be avoided, and thinning at higher than 30% canopy openness (50% thinned stand, approximately 1500 stems ha(-1) at ages 40-50 years) is suggested for increasing regeneration in the coastal pine forest. The implications of thinning-based silviculture in the coastal pine forest management are also discussed. The ongoing development of the broadleaved seedlings calls for further observations.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0047593

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 農業農村工学会  

本研究では，河川魚道におけるサケの計数を目的として開発された電気伝導度方式による自動計数システム（魚カウンター）の計数原理を利用し，波付き管水田魚道を遡上するドジョウの自動計数システムの開発を試みた．室内および現地試験の結果，ドジョウ向けにセンサー部の配置を改良し，電圧を調整することで，波付き管水田魚道を遡上するドジョウを計数できることが確認できた．センサー部のビデオ撮影数と魚カウンターでの計数結果より，計数精度を求めた結果，現地試験による精度は86%であった．また，充電式のバッテリー（容量115Ah）と高分解能大容量データロガー（メモリ容量2GB）を用いることで，これまで研究事例がほとんどなかった電源確保が困難である現地水田での自動計数が実証できた．バッテリーを2つ並列にした場合，一度の満充電で79時間程度の連続観測が可能であることが確認できた．

DOI： 10.11408/jsidre.80.277

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：砂防学会  

DOI： 10.11475/sabo.64.5_43

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 土木学会  

本研究は，欧米で用いられている，河川水の電気抵抗の変化から魚の通過数を計測する手法（魚カウンター）を用い，日本の魚道を利用する魚類を計測することを目的としている．魚カウンターのセンサー部を，水理条件等の魚道の設計指針を満足するように，日本の魚道の形状に合わせて後付で構築し，産卵期に魚道を遡上するシロサケ（サケ）の数を計測した．センサー部をビデオカメラにより計19時間撮影した画像から計数したサケの遡上数と魚カウンターによる計測結果を比較したところ，魚カウンターによるサケの計測精度は96％であり，十分な精度で遡上数を計測できることが示された．魚カウンターの精度を低下させる可能性のある要因，センサー部の後付での構築方法及び調査コストについて整理，考察した．

DOI： 10.2208/jscejer.68.1

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）   出版者・発行元：京都大学防災研究所  

インドネシアのメラピ火山は，2010年10月26日に噴火し，その後11月まで大小の噴火が継続した。火砕流や土石流による死者は約400人にのぼる大災害であった。生産土砂量は１億４千万m3と推算されており，それらは火砕流または火山灰として南斜面と南西斜面に流出した。著者らは噴火後2010年11月，12月，2011年1月および2012年1月に調査を行い，とくに，火砕流が流出した南斜面流域と火山灰が流出した南西斜面流域での土砂災害の違いに着目して，その原因，特性，対策について検討した。その結果，南斜面では，火砕流の流下・堆積による河川の上流部での地形変化により，降雨流出特性が顕著に変化し，これまで洪水の少なかった河川で洪水による橋梁の流失が生じたことや，火山灰が堆積した南西斜面では，火山灰堆積物のクラスト化によって降雨流出率が増加したことが原因で大洪水が発生し，土砂災害が生じたと考えられる事例があることがわかった。

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その他リンク： http://hdl.handle.net/2433/161810

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）   出版者・発行元：新潟大学大学教育機能開発センター  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：砂防学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 砂防学会  

The deluge on July 21 2009 in Yamaguchi, with the area&#039;s exceptionally heavy rainfall of 297 mm, maximum intensity 72.5 mm/hr and countless traces of debris flow, resulted in tremendous damage and high number of causalities in the area. Hence, urgent field investigation and reconnaissance were conducted by the society to overview this sediment related disaster. Here, the various results and the information obtained through this investigation were reported, mentioning the damages, the meteorological condition featuring precipitation, geologic-geomorphologic features and hydraulic characteristics of the debris flows, vegetation effects, and the efficiency of Sabo facilities against the sediment runoff in this disaster.

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）   出版者・発行元：新潟大学農学部  

本研究では、新潟大学農学部附属佐渡演習林内を流れる大倉川源流部に位置する林地流域と草地流域の水源涵養機能の評価を目的に、Cl（－）イオンをトレーサーとして用いた時系列解析を行い、流域内に分布する流路の通過時間を評価した。解析の結果、草地流域の流出には通過時間の比較的短い流出が寄与し、また、林地流域の流出には通過時間の比較的長い流出が寄与していることが示唆された。今回の結果から、林地流域と草地流域の渓流水は、それぞれ異なる流出過程を経て渓流へと流出していることがわかった。

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 砂防学会  

A debris-flow brake is an erosion control facility designed to stop debris flows. However, the mechanism of the debris-flow brake has not been explained. This study discusses the change in pore-water pressure near the deck of a debris flow brake which controls solid friction between the debris flow and the deck. A dynamic model that describes the behavior of debris flows at the debris-flow brake was built It incorporates not only the change in sediment concentration of the debris flow due to water draining through the debris-flow brake but also the resulting change in pore-water pressure. Numerical simulations and experiments examined the behavior of debris flows at a debris-flow brake. The simulation and experimental results agreed. The simulation results show that the change in pore-water pressure plays an important role in how a debris-flow brake stops debris flows.

DOI： 10.13101/ijece.2.15

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）   出版者・発行元：新潟大学農学部  

本研究では、山地河川が本来有している特性を明らかにすることを目的に、河川環境の重要な構成要素であるStep-Pool構造に焦点をあて、流域特性・降雨特性の異なる, 新潟県および三重県の8つの山地河川、合計35調査プロットにおいて、Step-Poolの形状と河床勾配や流路幅といった河道条件の計測結果を行った。調査結果を用いて、実河川におけるStep-Pool構造の形状及び分布特性やStepの成因、形成流量について考察した。その結果、河床勾配、低水路幅、Step 構成礫の礫径の3つは、Step-Poolの形状や分布特性を特徴付ける重要なパラメータであることがわかった。今回の調査結果を基に、地形図などから容易に調べることが可能な流域面積や勾配を用いて、山地河川に存在するStep-Pool構造のスケールを表す関係式を構築した。In this study, the relationship between channel geometry and step-pool morphology are discussed. The channel geometry, i.e., the channel gradient, channel width, the step-pool dimensions, size and number of step particle, etc., were surveyed at 35 study reaches of eight small basins in Japan. The results show that the channel gradient, channel width, and particle size have various implications for the step-pool geometry. With regard to the longitudinal profile of a step, the relationship between the channel geometry, step wavelength and step-step drop differs from that reported by previous studies at high-gradient reaches (&gt; 0.15 gradientA). The channel width and particle size are important variables aff ecting the step wavelength and step-step drop. Step width, which is the transverse profile of a step, is about 6 times the mean size of the rocks that form the step, and it is probably controlled by the particle size and channel width. The pool geometry is likely to be related to the channel gradient, discharge, and particle size. The characteristics of the distribution and the geomAetry of the step-pool can be explained by three parameters (particle size, discharge, and channel gradient). Estimation formulae were developed, which estimate local average geometry of the step-pool with catchment area and channel gradient.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER TOKYO  

Our objective was to detect environmental and disturbance factors that determine plant species composition in a downstream riverside floodplain of the Shinano River, where both natural flooding and artificial fire disturbances predominate. We classified the natural vegetation into five types by physiognomy, i.e., burnt field, intact (unburnt) field, early-successional forest, later-successional forest, and margin of channel. We deployed 14 transect belts containing 713 plots of 1 m x 1 m at these sites. In the plots, we determined plant occurrences and values of five environmental (soil moisture, soil texture, relative elevation above the river, horizontal distance from the river, and light conditions) and two disturbance factors (scouring of plants by flooding and fire). Plant species compositions and environmental and disturbance factors were different among the sites. Logistic regression analysis showed that burning stimulated the occurrences of herbaceous annuals and conversely constrained those of woody and fern species, suggesting that fire disturbance resets the succession. Scouring of plants by flooding also affected the occurrences of many species, and had a positive influence on that of herbaceous winter annuals in particular. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that the distributional characteristics of the plant species in the riverside floodplain were influenced primarily by distance from the river, reflecting the magnitude of flood disturbance. We conclude that (1) magnitude of flood disturbance is the primary factor determining plant species composition, and (2) burning maintains early successional vegetation and simultaneously creates a unique plant species composition by stimulating the germination of buried viable seeds transported by flood.

DOI： 10.1007/s11284-007-0434-4

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）   出版者・発行元：新潟大学大学教育開発研究センター  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）   出版者・発行元：新潟大学  

2004年の新潟県中越地震により、信濃川水系魚野川支流の芋川流域で多発した崩壊・地すべりの特性をGISにより解析した。芋川流域で発生した崩壊・地すべりの占有面積率は、関東大震災や台湾集集地震と同様に高い値であった。崩壊は地すべりと比べて、平均的な規模は小さいが発生件数が多いため、流域全体では崩壊・地すべりの占有面積率は同程度の値であった。崩壊は30〜40°の斜面で多発しているのに対し、地すべりはより勾配の緩い20〜30°の斜面で多発していた。崩壊・地すべりともに砂岩・砂岩泥岩互層で多発していた。崩壊と比較すると地すべりは、地すべり地形内・外の占有面積率の差が著しく、地すべり地形内ではほとんど地すべりが発生しなかった。

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Soil Science Society of China  

To estimate the mean value of surface soil water content rapidly, accurately, and nonintrusively, field investigations on soil electrical resistivity (SER) with the Yokogawa 324400 earth resistivity meter and the surface (0-150 cm) soil water content (SWC) with time domain reflectometry (TDR), together with the abiotic factors including soil texture, structure, and salinity concentrations were conducted in the Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) plantations on a sandy land. The measurement of SER was based on the 4-probe Wenner configuration method. Relationships between the values of SWC and SER were obtained based on analysis of the abiotic factors of the research site, which play a key role in affecting the soil electrical resistivity. Results indicate that the SER meter could be used to estimate the mean value of SWC in the Mongolian pine plantations on the sandy land during the growing seasons. The bulky nature of the equipment simplified the cumbersome measurements of soil water content with the general methods. It must be noted that the Wenner configuration method could only provide the mean values of the SWC, and the soil texture, structure, temperature, and solute concentrations influenced the SER and further affected the estimation of the SWC by the SER meter. Therefore, the results of this study could be applied on a sandy land during the growing seasons only. However, the SWC of other soil types also may be obtained according to the individual soil types using the procedures of this study. © 2007 Soil Science Society of China.

DOI： 10.1016/S1002-0160(07)60096-4

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掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

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掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：FINNISH SOC FOREST SCIENCE-NATURAL RESOURCES INST FINLAND  

In order to understand the processes of snow and wind induced damage in a natural montane, secondary forest in northeastern China, we examined the impacts of site conditions on the snow and wind damage; analyzed if the dominant tree species differed in their susceptibilities to the damage; and established the relationships between the characteristics of tree and stand and the damage. The results indicated that in regard to the topography factors, slope steepness and soil depth played a relatively important role for the damage. Damage ratios of all types combined were positively related with the composition of dominant tree species. The stand density was also important in determining resistance to the damage, i.e., the densely populated stand exhibited less overall damage ratios; however, the dominant tree species were commonly damaged easily by the snow and wind. Four damage modes found (uprooting, stem breakage, canopy damage and bending) were closely related to the stem taper (p &lt; 0.05), and they could be ranked in following order: bending (92.0) &gt; uprooting (85.3) &gt; stem breakage (80. 1) &gt; canopy damage (65.0). In regard to differences in tree species' susceptibilities to the damage, Betula costata exhibited the most uprooting, bending and overall damage ratios; while Quercus mongolica showed the highest breakage (both stem breakage and canopy damage) ratio, and Fraxinus mandshurica exhibited the least damage ratio (overall). The major six tree species could also be divided into two groups according to the overall damage ratios, i.e., more susceptible ones (B. costata, Ulmus laciniata and Q. mongolica), and less susceptible ones (F mandshurica, Acer mono and Juglans mandshurica) to the snow and wind damage.

DOI： 10.14214/sf.351

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：砂防学会  

DOI： 10.11475/sabo1973.58.3_44

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The purposes and methods of soil resistivity measurement were introduced in this paper. Particularly, the theoretical background, field operating steps and data processing method of soil resistivity measurement using specific earth resistance tester (Yokogawa Type3244 Japan) were explained with the example measurement in sandy woodland. The results showed that 'method using the 3244 specific earth resistance tester, based on Wenner principle, to measure the sandy woodland soil resistivity was feasible. The measured results of soil resistivity have a certain application prospect in sandy soil delamination, soil water content prediction and the underground water table determination.

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：砂防学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：砂防学会誌  

Two strong typhoons in July and August 2004 caused the record heavy rainfall in Taiwan. Several floods and sediment disasters occurred in middle Taiwan, and 71 deaths and missings were recorded. Total damage was less than the former damage by the typhoons in 2001, however, the cumulative rainfall marked the maximum record at 2, 115mm, was bigger than typhoon Herb in 1996.

DOI： 10.11475/sabo1973.57.5_32

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：砂防学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：農業情報学会  

農業分野の情報化の遅れを解消することは重要である．本研究では，ヒューマンウェアに着目し，「ガッコミ」グループによる農業情報化支援手法を提案した．「ガッコミ」は2つの目的のために活動するグループであり，1つ目は農業分野の情報化支援，2つ目は大学生のための情報教育・人材育成である．それは大学生と教職員で運営されている．またこの名称は，学生（学校）とコミュニティ（コミュニケーション）を組み合わせた造語である．「ガッコミ」では，学生ポータルサイトを構築することによって，大学生が情報技術（パソコンの使い方やインターネットでの情報発信の仕方など）を学ぶ．学生ポータルサイトとは，大学生のための有用なWebサイトであり，大学生や大学周辺の地域社会を主に対象としている．そして，大学生の訓練後，「ガッコミ」グループにより，Webサイトの構築やパソコンの勉強などを希望する営農家や農業法人の支援を行う．本稿では，「ガッコミ」の設立，活動を行い，その評価として，1.グループの活動状況，2.学生ポータルサイト構築事業の成果，3.農家や農業法人への支援結果，4.受賞・マスメディア取材業績について述べた．本グループによる農業分野の情報化支援手法は，情報教育・人材育成も兼ねた有効なものであった．

DOI： 10.3173/air.13.213

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：教育システム情報学会事務局  

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

It is desirable and necessary to preserve the continuity of a coastal forest through reasonable management because it can provide many shelter benefits through altering the wind behavior along the shore. Thinning is an undoubtedly important measure for the continuity of forests as it provides suitable conditions for natural regeneration; however, thinning increases the risk of wind damage immediately after thinning in the coastal areas. Therefore, few thinning study related to regeneration in a coastal forest has been made. In order to test whether coastal forest of Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) requires a specific gap size created by thinning for regeneration and to compare seedling establishment among four thinning treatments, observations of emergence, survival and establishment of P. thunbergii seedlings, together with soil water content, litter, wind and light regime were made. The observations were conducted over four growing seasons in three sizes of circular gaps (the gap diameter to stand height ratios for the four gap sizes were 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 0.0, the control) corresponding to the four thinning treatments in Niigata shore, Japan. Results indicated that density of seedlings older than 1 year increased with gap size or canopy openness (OP). Seedling establishment was greater in 1.5 gap sizes than in any other gap sizes, while seedlings peaked near the west and north edges of the gaps but not in the gap centers exposed to direct solar radiation. Seedling growth in 1.5 gap sizes was also significantly higher than that in any others. A tendency of seedling height increasing from east to west edge and from south to north edge across the gap was observed. Only 1- or 2-year-old seedlings occurred in gap sizes of 0.0 and 0.5, therefore establishment in both gap sizes was considered as failing. The results imply that although P. thunbergii seeds can germinate in small gaps, even in under canopy, the seedlings are unable to survive. The seedlings apparently require a minimum gap size greater than or equal to 1.0, or OP &gt;30% in order to survive, and may require at least gap size greater than or equal to 1.5, or OP &gt;40% for further development into sapling. These results can be explained by the changes of microclimates, i.e. increase of light, soil water and airflow exchange, decrease of litter and canopy cover, and alleviation of the competitions for water in gaps created by thinning. Therefore, thinning strategy, especially patch-pattern thinning is potentially a viable silvicultural measure in management for the coastal pine forest. These results provide references for establishment and management of coastal P. thunbergii forests. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00094-X

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

Porosity of a forest stand is an important descriptor of vertical forest structure, although it is a difficult variable to define and measure because of its three-dimensional nature. Fortunately, studies on the effects of obstruction on irradiation in forest stands provide us with a method which uses a hemispherical photographic silhouette to estimate an alternative measure of porosity, here defined as optical stratification porosity (OSP). The differences between OSP and canopy closure, canopy cover and canopy gap, which are frequently used by ecologists and foresters, are discussed. The estimation of OSP of a forest stand using hemispherical photographic silhouettes is evaluated based on an analysis of stratification patterns in vertical forest structure. The OSP measured in a coastal pine forest having different thinning ratios is presented as an example to demonstrate the method. The results indicate that when the strata can be visually identified, the OSP can be obtained using hemispherical photographic silhouettes. Alternatively, if OSP is measured at various canopy heights in a forest stand continuously, the stratified vertical structure patterns of the forest stand can be determined. The predicted stratification of vertical forest structure based on the measurement of OSP can indicate the vertical strata more accurately than visual identification alone. Therefore, the estimation of OSP may be helpful in modeling wind profile, leaf area index, crown ratio and light inside a forest stand and may prove useful to those applications in which fine-scale vertical stratification is desirable. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00813-1

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Japan Society of Erosion Control Engineering  

The 15th typhoon named Rusa hit Korea during in August 31 to September 1. It caused serious damages particularly in the eastern region where the heavy rainfall concentrated, triggered debris flows, slope collapses and flood water inundations in major rivers. Many surface failures and debris flows occurred especially on the burned slope by forest fire, in addition, tremendous volume of sediment flowed into rivers and caused dangerous aggradations. Accordingly, it is imperative to control the discharged sediment by installing sabo dams.

DOI： 10.11475/sabo1973.55.6_59

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掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：FINNISH SOC FOREST SCIENCE-NATURAL RESOURCES INST FINLAND  

Wind speed and optical stratification porosity (OSP) were measured at various heights inside a coastal protective forest thinned to different stem densities to assess whether any characteristics of the wind profile in the coastal protective forest could be predicted from OSP. OSP was defined as vertical distribution of the proportion of sky hemisphere not obscured by tree elements inside a forest stand, and was determined for various heights using hemispherical photographic silhouettes on a computer processing system. The distribution of OSP in the coastal forest follows the Lambert-Beer s law with an extinction coefficient (nu). The relative wind speed within the canopy can be described using an exponential form with an attenuation coefficient (alpha). Variation in relative wind speed was very closely correlated with the distribution of OSP within the canopy. While below the canopy, i.e., in the trunk space, relative wind speed was little correlated with the distribution of OSP because the distribution of OSP was relatively constant there. Therefore, the linear relationships between relative wind speed and OSP and between the two coefficients nu and alpha were established within the canopy. The results suggest that OSP can be used to predict the wind profile in case of the application within the canopy of the coastal forest.

DOI： 10.14214/sf.501

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記述言語：中国語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

A coastal forest planted nearby the sea can provide many shelter benefits for the coastal regions. It is ideally if the continuity of the shelter benefits could be preserved through reasonable management. Thinning and regeneration as the most important management techniques for plantations can help the continuity of the shelter benefits of the coastal forest. However, because of the peculiarities of coastal forest, i.e., the coastal plantation nearby the sea is vulnerable to disturbances (thinning as one kind of disturbance), the study on thinning and regeneration within a coastal forest is poorly understood. The purpose of this paper is to give a primary understanding in natural regeneration for the coastal Pinus thunbergii forest with different thinning rates after four growing seasons since thinning. The experiment was carried out at the middle of the shoreline along the Japan Sea, and the investigated sites consisted of four thinning treatments (control, 0% thinned, 20% thinned, 30% thinned and 50% thinned) in a coastal P. thunbergii forest. After thinning, the regenerated seedlings, soil water content, light condition (canopy openness or canopy density), wind regime, and litter depth and quantity were investigated for four growing seasons. The relationships between the regenerated seedlings and light condition, litter, wind profile and soil water content were examined. The results showed that thinning could improved the light condition on the forest floor, increase the exchange of airflow (wind speed) in the coastal forest stand, and ameliorate the water content of the forest soil. These factors accelerated the decomposition of litters, and provided necessary conditions for natural regeneration. The results of regeneration observation indicated that the most intensively thinned treatment (50% thinned with density of about 1500 stems'hm-2) could provide a better condition for regeneration during the four growing seasons. The density and growth of seedling (greater than 1 year) increased significantly with increasing thinning intensities, and the establishment of seedlings was obviously succeeded in the most intensively thinned treatment, but failed in less thinned treatments and understory. The thinned intensity of 50% did not induce wind damage to the coastal forest in the four years after thinning, and did not cause the loss of shelter functions of the coastal forest such as sand blocking, wind breaking and salt preventing etc.. On the contrary, it could provide the suitable conditions for natural regeneration of the pine coastal forest, or for the immigration of other species. Therefore, thinning as the silviculturally created openness is very important for the establishment of seedlings in the coastal forests, which provides a mechanism for the coastal forest from even aged stands dominated by P. thunbergii to stands containing multiple size classes and canopy layers.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL  

Wind velocity, vertical stand structure and sea-salt distribution were measured at various heights inside a plantation of coastal pine forest, with thinning and unthinning, to assess whether any relationships exist between the wind profile, stand structure and sea-salt distribution in the coastal pine forest. The vertical stand structure, i.e., optical stratification porosity (OSP), which is defined as vertical distribution of the proportion of sky hemisphere not obscured by tree elements inside a forest stand, was determined for each height by computer analysis of digital images taken with a hemispherical lens. The distribution of OSP in the coastal forest follows the Lambert-Beer's law with absorbency coefficient (v). The relative windspeed within canopy can be described using the exponential form with the attenuation coefficient (alpha). The sea-salt was collected using salt gauze (a surgical dressing of loosely woven cotton) both inside and outside the coastal forest, and the distribution of sea-salt within canopy was also in accordance with an exponential function. The relationships among windspeed, OSP and sea-salt indicate that the distributions of both sea-salt and windspeed within canopy were very closely correlated with the distribution of OSP. A linear relationship between OSP and sea-salt has been found. Additionally, linear regression between coefficients v and alpha has been obtained as well. Based on these relationships between OSP, wind and sea-salt in the coastal forest, the sea-salt distribution and wind profile within the canopy of the coastal forest can be predicted according to OSP. These results may therefore be useful in analyzing the effects of sea-salt on vegetation and evaluating the filter functions of coastal forests.

DOI： 10.1023/A:1021174324616

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）   出版者・発行元：新潟大学  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）   出版者・発行元：新潟大学  

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Japanese Forestry Society  

Simultaneous measurements of windspeed were made outside and inside a pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) coastal forest with different thinning intensities. Synchronously, optical stratification porosity (OSP), which is defined as vertical distribution of the proportion of sky hemisphere not obscured by tree elements inside a forest stand, was estimated using hemispherical silhouettes in each treatment area. Based on the observations, the frequency distribution of velocity, turbulence intensity, wind profile, and the corresponding relationships of these respective parameters with the vertical forest structure (OSP) were examined and compared among the treatment areas. A normal distribution of wind velocity was observed at the lower zone of the forest stand in all treatment areas. The turbulence intensity, the highest value of which was found near the canopy, changed greatly with height, wind velocity, and treatment, and decreased with windspeed and increased with the thinning intensity. It was found that the exponential relationship between wind-speed and height could be used to describe the wind profiles within the canopy of the coastal forest. The results demonstrate that the attenuation coefficient of the wind profile corresponds to the grade of thinning intensities. The wind patterns in a coastal forest with different thinning intensities are related to the vertical forest structure, particularly, wind profiles within the canopy are closely correlated with the distribution of OSP. The results indicate that wind profiles can be estimated simply based on the measurement of OSP with a very high coefficient of determination. Reciprocally, the estimation of OSP can also be obtained from the measurement of wind profile.

DOI： 10.1007/BF02762470

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）   出版者・発行元：新潟大学  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）   出版者・発行元：新潟大学  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：砂防学会  

DOI： 10.11475/sabo1973.54.12

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）   出版者・発行元：新潟大学  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）   出版者・発行元：新潟大学農学部  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：新潟大学  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Japan Society of Erosion Control Engineering  

There are many studies of the mechanics of suspended load laden flow, and many theoretical formula to estimate the concentration of suspended load have been proposed so far. But all has common problems;<br>(1) The relation between the characteristics of the turbulence of flow and the behaviour of suspended load is not so much reflected on the formula.<br>(2) It's necessary to know a reference concentration at a reference level to evaluate the formula. The reference level has not been set up theoretically.<br>And there are few studies of the suspended load on the torrential bed condition, in comparison with that on the alluvial bed condition.<br>This study was made by using a steep channel with large roughness on its bed. The results were analyzed using the diffusion model in order to check the suitability. The results are;<br>(1) The similarity between the dispersion of suspended load and the momentum transfer of flow was not always shown.<br>(2) The concentration distribution below roughness height decrease with decreasing height in some cases.<br>(3) It's more reasonable that the reference level is set up at the point with the roughness height from the theoretical bed.<br>In order to figure out mechanics of suspended load laden flow, especially on the torrential bed condition, the structure of the turbulence of the flow, the behaviour of suspended load near the bed and the behaviour of suspended load there should be studied.

DOI： 10.11475/sabo1973.46.3

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：京都大学防災研究所  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：砂防学会  

DOI： 10.11475/sabo.69.6_97

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 砂防学会  

DOI： 10.11475/sabo.69.6_01

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：新潟大学災害・復興科学研究所  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：新潟大学災害・復興科学研究所  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：新潟大学災害・復興科学研究所  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：新潟大学災害・復興科学研究所  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：新潟大学災害・復興科学研究所  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：新潟大学災害・復興科学研究所  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：新潟大学災害・復興科学研究所  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：新潟大学災害・復興科学研究所  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：新潟大学災害・復興科学研究所  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：新潟大学災害・復興科学研究所  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：新潟大学災害・復興科学研究所  

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J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：砂防学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：新潟大学自然科学系附置コア・ステーション「環境・防災GISセンター」  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：新潟大学災害復興科学センター  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：新潟大学災害復興科学センター  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：新潟大学災害復興科学センター  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：砂防学会誌  

DOI： 10.11475/sabo1973.56.5_87

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：Japan Society of Erosion Control Engineering  

DOI： 10.11475/sabo1973.49.3_43

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開催年月日： 2005年

近い将来、佐渡ではトキの放鳥が予定されており、それに向けてトキのための餌場やねぐら等の生息環境の整備を行う必要がある。現在、新潟県佐渡市の小佐渡東部にあるキセン城では、新潟大学トキ野生復帰プロジェクトの一環で放棄棚田の復元が行なわれている。本研究は2003年8月末に復元された放棄棚田群の中に試験地を設定し、耕期直後より、降雨・流量・水質等のモニタリングを実施しているものである。今回は、これまでの調査結果から明らかになったことを発表する。

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語  

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