Updated on 2024/10/07

写真a

 
ITOH Kosuke
 
Organization
Brain Research Institute Center for Integrated Human Brain Science Associate Professor
Title
Associate Professor
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Degree

  • 理学博士 ( 2000.3   京都大学 )

Research Areas

  • Life Science / Cognitive and brain science

  • Humanities & Social Sciences / Cognitive science

  • Life Science / Evolutionary biology

  • Humanities & Social Sciences / Experimental psychology

Research History

  • Niigata University   Brain Research Institute Center for Integrated Human Brain Science   Associate Professor

    2020.11

  • Niigata University   Brain Research Institute Center for Integrated Human Brain Science   Specially Appointed Associate Professor

    2018.12 - 2020.10

  • Niigata University   Brain Research Institute   Assistant Professor

    2002.6 - 2018.11

 

Papers

  • Electroencephalography Measurements in Awake Marmosets Listening to Conspecific Vocalizations

    Naho Konoike, Miki Miwa, Kosuke Itoh, Katsuki Nakamura

    Journal of Visualized Experiments   ( 209 )   2024.7

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:MyJove Corporation  

    DOI: 10.3791/66869

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  • Induced awareness of synesthetic sensations in synesthetically predisposed "Borderline Non-synesthetes". Reviewed International journal

    Kosuke Itoh

    Consciousness and cognition   118   103650 - 103650   2024.2

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    A long-standing issue concerning synesthesia is whether the trait is continuous or discontinuous with ordinary perception. Here, we found that a substantial proportion of non-synesthetes (>10 % out of >200 unselected participants) spontaneously became aware of their synesthesia by participating in an online survey that forced them to select colors for stimuli that evoke color sensations in synesthetes. Notably, the test-retest consistencies of color sensation in these non-synesthetes were comparable to those in self-claimed synesthetes, revealing their strong though latent synesthetic dispositions. The effect was absent or weak in a matched control survey that did not include the color-picking test. Therefore, the color-picking task likely provided the predisposed "borderline non-synesthetes" with an opportunity to dwell on their tendency toward synesthesia and allowed their subconscious sensations to become conscious ones. The finding suggests that the general population has a continuum of synesthetic disposition that encompasses both synesthetes and non-synesthetes.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2024.103650

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  • Improving diagnostic performance of coronavirus disease 2019 rapid antigen testing through computer-based feedback training using open-source experimental psychology software. Reviewed International journal

    Masato Matsuda, Kosuke Itoh, Takahiro Sugai, Yoshiki Hoshiyama, Toshiaki Kikuchi, Shuji Terai

    Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy   2023.10

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    INTRODUCTION: Rapid antigen testing (RAT) results are visually read as whether colored line is present or absent. The subjective interpretation potentially misses detecting weak lines due to lower analyte concentration in samples tested, requiring training. Although routine test experience has improved the result readout skills, it consumes time and resources. Therefore, we created a computer-based feedback training method using open-source experimental psychology software, wherein participants accumulate RAT result readout experience by repeatedly responding positive/negative to randomly presented pictures showing RAT results; then, they receive feedback on their answers as correct or incorrect and are asked to stare at the pictures again with the knowledge of correct answer. This study aimed to examine the training effects in improving the skills, using coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) RAT. METHODS: Twenty-two medical technologists were randomly divided into two groups: the feedback-training and test-experience groups. Using several pictures showing positive and negative results of COVID-19 RAT, after examination of their initial result readout skills, feedback-training group received the feedback training, whereas test-experience group performed an equal number of tests without feedback to accumulate test experience, and their skills were examined again. The ratio of "positive" answers to the pictures showing positive results (i.e., hit rate) was statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The feedback-training group showed a significantly higher hit rate after their training, whereas the test-experience group did not. The feedback training effects were manifested in weak line detection. CONCLUSIONS: This computer-based feedback training method can be an effective tool for improving RAT result readout skills.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.10.019

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  • Changes in functional connectivity among vestibulo-visuo-somatosensory and spatial cognitive cortical areas in persistent postural-perceptual dizziness: resting-state fMRI studies before and after visual stimulation Reviewed

    Chihiro Yagi, Yuka Morita, Tatsuya Yamagishi, Shinsuke Ohshima, Shuji Izumi, Kuniyuki Takahashi, Masaki Watanabe, Kosuke Itoh, Yuji Suzuki, Hironaka Igarashi, Arata Horii

    Frontiers in Neurology   14   2023.7

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    Introduction

    Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is a functional chronic vestibular syndrome with symptom exacerbation by upright posture, motion, and complex visual stimuli. Among these exacerbating factors, visual exacerbation is the most specific characteristic of PPPD requiring further investigation. We hypothesized that stimulus-induced changes occur in the functional connectivity (FC) rather than simple neural activation that is involved in visual stimulation. The present study aimed to identify the neural basis of PPPD by investigating FC before and after visual stimulation.

    Methods

    Eleven patients with PPPD and 11 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) before and after task-based fMRI with visual stimuli.

    Results

    At pre-stimulus, FC between the vestibular cortex and visual areas was low, while that between the somatosensory and visual areas was high in PPPD compared with that in HCs. FC between the visuospatial (parahippocampal gyrus) and spatial cognitive areas (inferior parietal lobule) was elevated in PPPD even in the pre-stimulus condition, which no longer increased at post-stimulus as observed in HCs. In the post-stimulus condition, FC between the visual and spatial cognitive areas and that between the visual and prefrontal areas increased compared with that in the pre-stimulus condition in PPPD. Task-based fMRI demonstrated that no brain regions showed different activities between the HC and PPPD groups during visual stimulation.

    Discussion

    In PPPD, vestibular inputs may not be fully utilized in the vestibulo-visuo-somatosensory network. Given that the FC between visuospatial and spatial cognitive areas increased even in HCs after visual stimuli, elevated status of this FC in combination with the high FC between the somatosensory and visual areas would be involved in the visual exacerbation in PPPD. An increase in FC from the visual areas to spatial cognitive and prefrontal areas after visual stimuli may account for the prolonged symptoms after visual exacerbation and anxious status in PPPD.

    DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1215004

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  • Cerebral cortical processing time is elongated in human brain evolution Reviewed International journal

    Kosuke Itoh, Naho Konoike, Masafumi Nejime, Haruhiko Iwaoki, Hironaka Igarashi, Satoshi Hirata, Katsuki Nakamura

    Scientific Reports   12 ( 1 )   1103 - 1103   2022.12

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    <title>Abstract</title>An increase in number of neurons is presumed to underlie the enhancement of cognitive abilities in brain evolution. The evolution of human cognition is then expected to have accompanied a prolongation of net neural-processing time due to the accumulation of processing time of individual neurons over an expanded number of neurons. Here, we confirmed this prediction and quantified the amount of prolongation in vivo, using noninvasive measurements of brain responses to sounds in unanesthetized human and nonhuman primates. Latencies of the N1 component of auditory-evoked potentials recorded from the scalp were approximately 40, 50, 60, and 100 ms for the common marmoset, rhesus monkey, chimpanzee, and human, respectively. Importantly, the prominent increase in human N1 latency could not be explained by the physical lengthening of the auditory pathway, and therefore reflected an extended dwell time for auditory cortical processing. A longer time window for auditory cortical processing is advantageous for analyzing time-varying acoustic stimuli, such as those important for speech perception. A novel hypothesis concerning human brain evolution then emerges: the increase in cortical neuronal number widened the timescale of sensory cortical processing, the benefits of which outweighed the disadvantage of slow cognition and reaction.

    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05053-w

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    Other Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-05053-w

  • Comparison of non-invasive, scalp-recorded auditory steady-state responses in humans, rhesus monkeys, and common marmosets Reviewed International journal

    Naho Konoike, Haruhiko Iwaoki, Miki Miwa, Honami Sakata, Kosuke Itoh, Katsuki Nakamura

    Scientific Reports   12 ( 1 )   9210 - 9210   2022.12

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    Abstract

    Auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) are basic neural responses used to probe the ability of auditory circuits to produce synchronous activity to repetitive external stimulation. Reduced ASSR has been observed in patients with schizophrenia, especially at 40 Hz. Although ASSR is a translatable biomarker with a potential both in animal models and patients with schizophrenia, little is known about the features of ASSR in monkeys. Herein, we recorded the ASSR from humans, rhesus monkeys, and marmosets using the same method to directly compare the characteristics of ASSRs among the species. We used auditory trains on a wide range of frequencies to investigate the suitable frequency for ASSRs induction, because monkeys usually use stimulus frequency ranges different from humans for vocalization. We found that monkeys and marmosets also show auditory event-related potentials and phase-locking activity in gamma-frequency trains, although the optimal frequency with the best synchronization differed among these species. These results suggest that the ASSR could be a useful translational, cross-species biomarker to examine the generation of gamma-band synchronization in nonhuman primate models of schizophrenia.

    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13228-8

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    Other Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-13228-8

  • A novel “dip-in electrode” method for electrode application to record noninvasive scalp electroencephalograms and evoked potentials in an awake common marmoset Reviewed

    Kosuke Itoh, Naho Konoike, Haruhiko Iwaoki, Hironaka Igarashi, Katsuki Nakamura

    Neuroimage: Reports   2 ( 3 )   100116 - 100116   2022.9

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Elsevier BV  

    DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2022.100116

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  • Gaze instability after exposure to moving visual stimuli in patients with persistent postural-perceptual dizziness. Reviewed International journal

    Chihiro Yagi, Yuka Morita, Tatsuya Yamagishi, Shinsuke Ohshima, Shuji Izumi, Kuniyuki Takahashi, Kosuke Itoh, Yuji Suzuki, Hironaka Igarashi, Arata Horii

    Frontiers in human neuroscience   16   1056556 - 1056556   2022

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    INTRODUCTION: Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is a chronic vestibular syndrome lasting more than 3 months. The core vestibular symptoms are dizziness, unsteadiness, and non-spinning vertigo, which are exacerbated by upright posture or walking, active or passive motion, and exposure to moving or complex visual stimuli. Among these, visual exacerbation is a key feature of PPPD for which the neural mechanisms are unknown. We hypothesized that vestibular symptoms may be exacerbated by visual stimuli through gaze behavioral change after exposure to moving or complex visual stimuli. The study aimed to examine gaze stability after exposure to moving visual stimuli in patients with PPPD. METHODS: Fourteen healthy controls (HCs), 27 patients with PPPD, and 12 patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction (UVH), showing chronic vestibular symptoms for >3 months, were enrolled in the study. The participants were instructed to fixate on the gazing point at the center of a screen for 30 s before and after 90 s of exposure to moving visual stimuli. Gaze stability, best represented by the bivariate contour ellipse area (BCEA), was compared among three groups, both before and after exposure to the moving visual stimuli. Comparisons between pre- and post-moving visual stimuli in BCEA were also conducted. Correlation between the post/pre ratio of BCEA and vestibular tests, several clinical symptom scales including the Dizziness Handicap Inventory, Niigata PPPD Questionnaire, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the exacerbation of dizziness by exposure to moving visual stimuli was examined in the PPPD group. RESULTS: BCEA, both before and after exposure to moving visual stimuli in the PPPD group, was not different from that in HC and UVH groups. In the PPPD group, BCEA increased significantly after exposure to moving visual stimuli. The post/pre ratio of BCEA correlated with the occurrence of exacerbation of the dizziness sensation by exposure to moving visual stimuli; however, it did not correlate with vestibular tests or clinical symptom scales. CONCLUSION: Patients with PPPD were more likely to exhibit gaze instability after exposure to moving visual stimuli, which potentially exacerbated vestibular symptoms. This phenomenon may help elucidate the neural mechanisms of visual exacerbation in patients with PPPD.

    DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.1056556

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  • Noninvasive scalp recording of the middle latency responses and cortical auditory evoked potentials in the alert common marmoset. Reviewed International journal

    Kosuke Itoh, Haruhiko Iwaoki, Naho Konoike, Hironaka Igarashi, Katsuki Nakamura

    Hearing research   405   108229 - 108229   2021.6

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    The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a New World monkey, serves as a useful animal model in clinical and basic neuroscience. The present study recorded scalp auditory evoked potentials (AEP) in non-sedated common marmoset monkeys (n = 4) using a noninvasive method similar to that used in humans, and aimed to identify nonhuman primate correlates of the human AEP components. A pure tone stimulus was presented while electroencephalograms were recorded using up to 16 disk electrodes placed on the scalp and earlobes. Candidate homologues of two categories of the human AEP, namely, the middle latency responses (MLR; Na, Pa, Nb, and Pb) and the cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEP; P1, N1, P2, N2, and the sustained potential, SP) were identified in the marmoset. These waves were labeled as CjNa, CjPa, CjNb, CjPb, CjP1, CjN1, CjP2, CjN2, and CjSP, where Cj stands for Callithrix jacchus. The last MLR component, CjPb, was identical to the first CAEP component, CjP1, similar to the relationship between Pb and P1 in humans. The peak latencies of the marmoset MLR and CAEP were generally shorter than in humans, which suggests a shorter integration time in neural processing. To our knowledge, the present study represents the first scalp recorded MLR and CAEP in the alert common marmoset. Further use of these recording methods would enable valid species comparisons of homologous brain indices between humans and animals.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2021.108229

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  • Participant-driven Simulation Protocol With a Mock Scanner for Pediatric Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging Preparation Without Sedation Reviewed

    Kenichi Yamada, Yuji Suzuki, Satoshi Ueki, Kosuke Itoh, Masaki Watanabe, Kiyotaka Suzuki, Hironaka Igarashi

    Clinical Simulation in Nursing   47   40 - 47   2020.10

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    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecns.2020.07.002

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  • 絶対音感保持者における音階音と非音階音に対するミスマッチ陰性電位 Reviewed

    松田 将門, 伊藤 浩介, 五十嵐 博中

    臨床神経生理学   47 ( 5 )   427 - 427   2019.10

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  • Automaticity of pitch class-color synesthesia as revealed by a Stroop-like effect. Reviewed International journal

    Kosuke Itoh, Honami Sakata, Hironaka Igarashi, Tsutomu Nakada

    Consciousness and cognition   71   86 - 91   2019.5

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    Pitch classes (e.g., do, re, and mi) in music evoke color sensations in pitch class-color synesthesia, which is a recently described form of synesthesia in musicians. The synesthetic color sensations were confirmed to be consistent over an extended time interval, fulfilling a widely-accepted criterion for the authenticity of synesthesia. However, it remains unclear whether the color sensations occurred automatically (i.e., without voluntary effort), which is another defining property of synesthesia. We utilized the Stroop paradigm to investigate this issue in 10 pitch class-color synesthetes. Participants were visually presented with pitch class names in font colors that were either congruent or incongruent with the participants' own color sensations. The speed for reporting the font color was slower when it was incongruent with the synesthetic sensation than when it was congruent. The finding verifies the authenticity of pitch class-color synesthesia by demonstrating that the color sensations occur automatically, even when unnecessary.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2019.04.001

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  • Evolutionary Elongation of the Time Window of Integration in Auditory Cortex: Macaque vs. Human Comparison of the Effects of Sound Duration on Auditory Evoked Potentials. Reviewed International journal

    Kosuke Itoh, Masafumi Nejime, Naho Konoike, Katsuki Nakamura, Tsutomu Nakada

    Frontiers in neuroscience   13   630 - 630   2019

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    The auditory cortex integrates auditory information over time to obtain neural representations of sound events, the time scale of which critically affects perception. This work investigated the species differences in the time scale of integration by comparing humans and monkeys regarding how their scalp-recorded cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) decrease in amplitude as stimulus duration is shortened from 100 ms (or longer) to 2 ms. Cortical circuits tuned to processing sounds at short time scales would continue to produce large CAEPs to brief sounds whereas those tuned to longer time scales would produce diminished responses. Four peaks were identified in the CAEPs and labeled P1, N1, P2, and N2 in humans and mP1, mN1, mP2, and mN2 in monkeys. In humans, the N1 diminished in amplitude as sound duration was decreased, consistent with the previously described temporal integration window of N1 (>50 ms). In macaques, by contrast, the mN1 was unaffected by sound duration, and it was clearly elicited by even the briefest sounds. Brief sounds also elicited significant mN2 in the macaque, but not the human N2. Regarding earlier latencies, both P1 (humans) and mP1 (macaques) were elicited at their full amplitudes even by the briefest sounds. These findings suggest an elongation of the time scale of late stages of human auditory cortical processing, as reflected by N1/mN1 and later CAEP components. Longer time scales of integration would allow neural representations of complex auditory features that characterize speech and music.

    DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00630

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  • Auditory T-Complex Reveals Reduced Neural Activities in the Right Auditory Cortex in Musicians With Absolute Pitch. Reviewed International journal

    Masato Matsuda, Hironaka Igarashi, Kosuke Itoh

    Frontiers in neuroscience   13   809 - 809   2019

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    Absolute pitch (AP) is the ability to identify the pitch names of arbitrary musical tones without being given a reference pitch. The acquisition of AP typically requires early musical training, the critical time window for which is similar to that for the acquisition of a first language. This study investigated the left-right asymmetry of the auditory cortical functions responsible for AP by focusing on the T-complex of auditory evoked potentials (AEPs), which shows morphological changes during the critical period for language acquisition. AEPs evoked by a pure-tone stimulus were recorded in high-AP musicians, low-AP musicians, and non-musicians (n = 19 each). A balanced non-cephalic electrode (BNE) reference was used to examine the left-right asymmetry of the N1a and N1c components of the T-complex. As a result, a left-dominant N1c was observed only in the high-AP musician group, indicating "AP negativity," which has previously been described as an electrophysiological marker of AP. Notably, this hemispheric asymmetry was due to a diminution of the right N1c rather than enhancement of the left N1c. A left-dominant N1a was found in both musician groups, irrespective of AP. N1c and N1a exhibited no left-right asymmetry in non-musicians. Hence, music training and the acquisition of AP are both accompanied by a left-dominant hemispheric specialization of auditory cortical functions, as indexed by N1a and N1c, respectively, but the N1c asymmetry in AP possessors was due to reduced neural activities in the right hemisphere. The use of a BNE is recommended for evaluating these radially oriented components of the T-complex.

    DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00809

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  • Visualizing the Distribution of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Ischemic Brain Using In Vivo 19F-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging. Reviewed International journal

    Vincent J Huber, Hironaka Igarashi, Satoshi Ueki, Mika Terumitsu-Tsujita, Chikako Nito, Ken Ohno, Yuji Suzuki, Kosuke Itoh, Ingrid L Kwee, Tsutomu Nakada

    Contrast media & molecular imaging   2019   8908943 - 8908943   2019

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    Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) damage the neurovascular unit, promote the blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption following ischemic stroke, and play essential roles in hemorrhagic transformation (HT), which is one of the most severe side effects of thrombolytic therapy. However, no biomarkers have presently been identified that can be used to track changes in the distribution of MMPs in the brain. Here, we developed a new 19F-molecular ligand, TGF-019, for visualizing the distribution of MMPs in vivo using 19F-magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (19F-MRSI). We demonstrated TGF-019 has sufficient sensitivity for the specific MMPs suspected in evoking HT during ischemic stroke, i.e., MMP2, MMP9, and MMP3. We then utilized it to assess those MMPs at 22 to 24 hours after experimental focal cerebral ischemia on MMP2-null mice, as well as wild-type mice with and without the systemic administration of the recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). The 19F-MRSI of TGN-019-administered mice showed high signal intensity within ischemic lesions that correlated with total MMP2 and MMP9 activity, which was confirmed by zymographic analysis of ischemic tissues. Based on the results of this study, 19F-MRSI following TGN-019 administration can be used to assess potential therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke.

    DOI: 10.1155/2019/8908943

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  • Absolute pitch is not necessary for pitch class-color synesthesia Reviewed International journal

    Kosuke Itoh, Tsutomu Nakada

    Consciousness and Cognition   65   169 - 181   2018.10

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    Sounds evoke color sensations in sound-color synesthesia. Recently, we showed that pitch classes (do, re, mi, etc.) have rainbow hues and that colors are linked to the names of pitch classes rather than to their sounds in 15 subjects who had "pitch class-color synesthesia." However, all synesthetes in our previous study had high levels of absolute pitch (AP); therefore the effects of AP on the condition remained unclear. The present study investigated 18 additional pitch class-color synesthetes who had no or lower levels of AP, and confirmed the generality of the above findings. Furthermore, behavioral experiments indicated a two-step process underlying color sensations: pitches are first associated with their pitch class names, and then the pitch class names evoke color sensations. Two separable brain functions underlie pitch-to-color conversion in pitch class-color synesthesia: a musical function of pitch class identification, and the synesthetic association between pitch class and color.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2018.08.010

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  • Musical pitch classes have rainbow hues in pitch class-color synesthesia Reviewed International journal

    Kosuke Itoh, Honami Sakata, Ingrid L. Kwee, Tsutomu Nakada

    SCIENTIFIC REPORTS   7 ( 1 )   17781 - 17781   2017.12

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    Synesthesia, an anomalous blending of senses in which stimulation of one sensory modality produces sensation in a different modality, provides a unique opportunity to study how multimodal information is represented in the human brain. We investigated how pitch classes (do, re, mi, etc.) are associated with the three dimensions of color (hue, saturation, and value/brightness) in 15 subjects who possessed "pitch class-color synesthesia". Across-subject averaging of reported colors revealed that pitch classes have rainbow hues, beginning with do-red, re-yellow, and so forth, ending with si-violet, accompanied by a decrease in saturation. Enharmonic pitch classes that referred to the same pitch class with a different name produced color sensations according to the name of the base pitch class, e.g., a reddish color for do-sharp and a yellowish color for re-flat. Thus the main factor producing color sensations was the name, not the sound, of the note; behavioral experiments corroborated this interpretation. Pitch class-color synesthesia represents a newly described type of synesthesia that is distinct from the well-known crossmodal association between pitch height and value/brightness. Findings suggest that the two dimensions of musical pitch, pitch class and pitch height, are mapped to the hue-saturation plane and the value/brightness dimension of color, respectively.

    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18150-y

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    Other Link: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0289-8048

  • Slow accumulations of neural activities in multiple cortical regions precede self-initiation of movement: An event-related fMRI study Reviewed International journal

    Honami Sakata, Kosuke Itoh, Yuji Suzuki, Katsuki Nakamura, Masaki Watanabe, Hironaka Igarashi, Tsutomu Nakada

    eNeuro   4 ( 5 )   ENEURO.0183   2017.9

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    Authorship:Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Society for Neuroscience  

    The neural processes underlying self-initiated behavior (behavior that is initiated without an external stimulus trigger) are not well understood. This event-related fMRI study investigated the neural origins of self-initiated behaviors in humans, by identifying brain regions that increased in neural activities several seconds prior to self-initiated movements. Subjects performed a hand grasping task under two conditions: a free-timing and cued timing condition. The supplementary motor area (SMA) began to activate several seconds prior to self-initiated movement (accounting for hemodynamic delay), representing a potential blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal correlate of the readiness potential (RP) on electroencephalogram (EEG), referred to here as “readiness BOLD signals.” Significant readiness BOLD signals were also observed in the right frontoparietal areas, precuneus, and insula, all of which are known to contribute to internally-generated behaviors, but with no prior evidence for such early and slow accumulation of neural activities. Moreover, visual and auditory cortices also exhibited clear readiness BOLD signals with similar early onsets, even absent external stimulation. Slow accumulation of neural activities throughout distributed cortical areas, including sensory, association, and motor cortices, underlies the generation of self-initiated behaviors. These findings warrant reconsideration of the prevailing view that the SMA or some other specific locus in frontoparietal cortex serves as the ultimate neural origin of self-initiated movement.

    DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0183-17.2017

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  • Evidence for cerebellar motor functional reorganization in brain tumor patients: An fMRI study Reviewed International journal

    Satoshi Kurabe, Kosuke Itoh, Tsutomu Nakada, Yukihiko Fujii

    NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS   622   45 - 48   2016.5

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

    Functional reorganization of the motor system following brain damage has been studied extensively in stroke patients, in which not only the cerebrum but also the cerebellum (CbII) undergoes substantial reorganization. However, the role of CbII in motor functional reorganization in brain tumor patients remains poorly investigated. Because brain damages in brain tumor patients occur much more slowly than in stroke patients, the neural mechanisms for motor functional reorganization might differ between these two disease conditions. This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated whether CbII constitutes the neural substrates for motor functional reorganization in eighteen supratentorial brain tumor patients who exhibited no clinical signs of paresis. The patients and normal volunteers underwent a unilateral hand movement task. In the patients, the locus of primary sensory motor (SM1) activation during contralesional hand movement was significantly displaced by the tumor, suggesting functional compromise and/or reorganization in the central sulcus region. In addition, their contralesional CbII activation during contralesional hand movement was substantially increased as compared to normal controls. The finding represents the first conclusive evidence that CbII is involved in the motor-related functional reorganization in patients with brain tumor. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.04.036

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  • Noninvasive scalp recording of cortical auditory evoked potentials in the alert macaque monkey Reviewed International journal

    Kosuke Itoh, Masafumi Nejime, Naho Konoike, Tsutomu Nakada, Katsuki Nakamura

    HEARING RESEARCH   327   117 - 125   2015.9

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

    Scalp-recorded evoked potentials (EP) provide researchers and clinicians with irreplaceable means for recording stimulus-related neural activities in the human brain, due to its high temporal resolution, handiness, and, perhaps more importantly, non-invasiveness. This work recorded the scalp cortical auditory EP (CAEP) in unanesthetized monkeys by using methods that are essentially identical to those applied to humans. Young adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatto, 5-7 years old) were seated in a monkey chair, and their head movements were partially restricted by polystyrene blocks and tension poles placed around their head. Individual electrodes were fixated on their scalp using collodion according to the 10-20 system. Pure tone stimuli were presented while electroencephalograms were recorded from up to nineteen channels, including an electrooculogram channel. In all monkeys (n = 3), the recorded CAEP comprised a series of positive and negative deflections, labeled here as macaque P1 (mP1), macaque N1 (mN1), macaque P2 (mP2), and macaque N2 (mN2), and these transient responses to sound onset were followed by a sustained potential that continued for the duration of the sound, labeled the macaque sustained potential (mSP). mPl, mN2 and mSP were the prominent responses, and they had maximal amplitudes over frontal/central midline electrode sites, consistent with generators in auditory cortices. The study represents the first noninvasive scalp recording of CAEP in alert rhesus monkeys, to our knowledge. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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  • Effects of Alda-1, an Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-2 Agonist, on Hypoglycemic Neuronal Death Reviewed International journal

    Tetsuhiko Ikeda, Tetsuya Takahashi, Mika Tsujita, Masato Kanazawa, Masafumi Toriyabe, Misaki Koyama, Kosuke Itoh, Tsutomu Nakada, Masatoyo Nishizawa, Takayoshi Shimohata

    PLOS ONE   10 ( 6 )   e0128844   2015.6

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    Hypoglycemic encephalopathy (HE) is caused by a lack of glucose availability to neuronal cells, and no neuroprotective drugs have been developed as yet. Studies on the pathogenesis of HE and the development of new neuroprotective drugs have been conducted using animal models such as the hypoglycemic coma model and non-coma hypoglycemia model. However, both models have inherent problems, and establishment of animal models that mimic clinical situations is desirable. In this study, we first developed a short-term hypoglycemic coma model in which rats could be maintained in an isoelectric electroencephalogram (EEG) state for 2 min and subsequent hyperglycemia without requiring anti-seizure drugs and an artificial ventilation. This condition caused the production of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), a cytotoxic aldehyde, in neurons of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, and a marked increase in neuronal death as evaluated by Fluoro-Jade B (FJB) staining. We also investigated whether N-(1,3-benzodioxole-5-ylmethyl)-2,6-dichlorobenzamide (Alda-1), a small-molecule agonist of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2, could attenuate 4-HNE levels and reduce hypoglycemic neuronal death. After confirming that EEG recordings remained isoelectric for 2 min, Alda-1 (8.5 mg/kg) or vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide; DMSO) was administered intravenously with glucose to maintain a blood glucose level of 250 to 270 mg/dL. Fewer 4-HNE and FJB-positive cells were observed in the cerebral cortex of Alda-1-treated rats than in DMSO-treated rats 24 h after glucose administration (P = 0.002 and P = 0.020). Thus, activation of the ALDH2 pathway could be a molecular target for HE treatment, and Alda-1 is a potentially neuroprotective agent that exerts a beneficial effect on neurons when intravenously administered simultaneously with glucose.

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  • Further characterization of "subject's own name (SON) negativity," an ERP component reflecting early preattentive detection of SON Neuroscience Reviewed International journal

    Toshihiko Tateuchi, Kosuke Itoh, Tsutomu Nakada

    BMC Research Notes   8 ( 1 )   195 - 195   2015.5

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    Background: Subject's own name (SON) is detected automatically and unconsciously in the brain. SON negativity, an early wave in the mismatch negativity latency range, has been proposed as a potential event-related potential (ERP) index of the automatic preattentive detection of SON. SON negativity is probably not a general measure of familiarity, as it is not elicited by the subject's parent's name. We further investigated the specificity of this response by testing whether it is elicited by a name to which subjects were strongly but only temporarily familiarized. Findings: Subjects performed a task to detect an arbitrary unfamiliar name for forty minutes. Then, that name was presented randomly and equiprobably with nine novel unfamiliar names while they played a video game and tried to ignore the sounds. SON negativity was not elicited, even when subjects spontaneously noticed hearing the familiarized name. Conclusions: The finding supports the notion that SON negativity represents a specific ERP measure of the early preattentive detection of SON, rather than a general measure of familiarity.

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  • Covert effects of "one drink" of alcohol on brain processes related to car driving: An event-related potential study Reviewed International journal

    Kazutoshi Ebe, Kosuke Itoh, Ingrid L. Kwee, Tsutomu Nakada

    NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS   593   78 - 82   2015.4

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    The effects of a low dose of alcohol on car driving remain controversial. To address this issue, event-related potentials were recorded while subjects performed a simple car-following task in a driving simulator before and after consuming either "one drink" of beer (representing one standard alcoholic beverage containing 14g of alcohol) or mineral water (control condition). Subjects who had consumed the determined amount of alcohol demonstrated no detectable outward behavioral signs of intoxication while performing the driving task, an observation in agreement with previous findings. However, the parietal P3 elicited by the brake lights of the preceding car was significantly reduced in amplitude, approximately 50% that observed under the control condition, likely indicating alteration of the neural processing of visual information critical for safe driving. The finding suggests that alcohol begins to affect neural processes for driving even at quantities too low to modify behavior. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

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  • 絶対音感保持者における聴覚誘発電位T-complexの左右差

    松田 将門, 伊藤 浩介, 中田 力

    臨床神経生理学   42 ( 5 )   294 - 294   2014.10

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  • Expansion of sensorimotor cortical activation for unilateral hand motion during contralateral hand deafferentation Reviewed International journal

    Satoshi Kurabe, Kosuke Itoh, Hitoshi Matsuzawa, Tsutomu Nakada, Yukihiko Fujii

    NEUROREPORT   25 ( 6 )   435 - 439   2014.4

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    Acute deprivation of unilateral sensory input rapidly enhances contralateral hand motor function, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We herein used functional MRI to evaluate, in 14 healthy individuals, motor cortical activation for right finger motion before, during, and after sensory deprivation of left forearm induced by reversible, noninvasive ischemic nerve block (INB). Before INB, the motor task activated the left primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) as expected. During INB, the volume of the left SM1 activation significantly increased, and, after INB, it returned to the pre-INB, baseline level. The effectiveness of the INB of the left forearm was ensured by confirming disappearance of the activation in right primary sensory cortex that is normally caused by tactile stimulation of the left index finger. These findings demonstrate that acute deafferentation of unilateral forearm causes rapid and reversible changes in the neural substrates for contralateral finger motion, mediated possibly by attenuation of transcallosal interhemispheric inhibition.

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  • Human brain detects short-time nonlinear predictability in the temporal fine structure of deterministic chaotic sounds Reviewed International journal

    Kosuke Itoh, Tsutomu Nakada

    PHYSICAL REVIEW E   87 ( 4 )   042916 - 042916   2013.4

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    Deterministic nonlinear dynamical processes are ubiquitous in nature. Chaotic sounds generated by such processes may appear irregular and random in waveform, but these sounds are mathematically distinguished from random stochastic sounds in that they contain deterministic short-time predictability in their temporal fine structures. We show that the human brain distinguishes deterministic chaotic sounds from spectrally matched stochastic sounds in neural processing and perception. Deterministic chaotic sounds, even without being attended to, elicited greater cerebral cortical responses than the surrogate control sounds after about 150 ms in latency after sound onset. Listeners also clearly discriminated these sounds in perception. The results support the hypothesis that the human auditory system is sensitive to the subtle short-time predictability embedded in the temporal fine structure of sounds. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.87.042916

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  • Effects of ALDH2 Agonist, Alda-1, on Hypoglycemic Neuronal Death Associated with Glucose Reperfusion Injury Reviewed

    Tetsuhiko Ikeda, Tetsuya Takahashi, Hironaka Igarashi, Masato Kanazawa, Kosuke Itoh, Tsutomu Nakada, Masatoyo Nishizawa, Takayoshi Shimohata

    NEUROLOGY   80   2013.2

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  • Effects of musical training on the early auditory cortical representation of pitch transitions as indexed by change-N1 Reviewed International journal

    Kosuke Itoh, Yoko Okumiya-Kanke, Yoh Nakayama, Ingrid L. Kwee, Tsutomu Nakada

    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE   36 ( 11 )   3580 - 3592   2012.12

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    The effects of musical training on the early auditory cortical response to pitch transitions in music were investigated by use of the change-N1 component of auditory event-related potentials. Musicians and non-musicians were presented with music stimuli comprising a melody and a harmony under various listening conditions. First, when the subjects played a video game and were instructed to ignore the auditory stimuli, the onset of stimuli elicited a typical, fronto-central onset-N1, whereas melodic and harmonic pitch transitions within the stimuli elicited so-called change-N1s that were more posterior in scalp distribution. The pitch transition change-N1s, but not onset-N1, were enhanced in musicians. Second, when the listeners attended to the same stimuli as above to detect infrequently occurring target stimuli, the change-N1 elicited by pitch changes (in non-target stimuli) was augmented, in non-musicians only when the target was easily detectable, and in both musicians and non-musicians when it was difficult to detect. Thus, the early, obligatory cortical response to pitch transitions during passive listening was chronically enhanced by training in musicians, and, reflecting this training-induced enhancement, the task-related modulation of this response was also different between musicians and non-musicians. These results are the first to demonstrate the long-term effects of training, short-term effects of task and the effects of their interaction on the early (similar to 100-ms) cortical processing of pitch transitions in music. The scalp distributions of these enhancement effects were generally right dominant at temporal electrode sites, suggesting contributions from the radially oriented subcomponent of change-N1, namely, the Tb (N1c) wave of the T-complex.

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  • Neural strategies for reading Japanese and Chinese sentences: A cross-linguistic fMRI study of character-decoding and morphosyntax Reviewed International journal

    Koongliang Huang, Kosuke Itoh, Ingrid L. Kwee, Tsutomu Nakada

    NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA   50 ( 11 )   2598 - 2604   2012.9

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    Japanese and Chinese share virtually identical morphographic characters invented in ancient China. Whereas modern Chinese retained the original morphographic functionality of these characters (hanzi), modern Japanese utilizes these characters (kanji) as complex syllabograms. This divergence provides a unique opportunity to systematically investigate brain strategies for sentence reading in Japanese-Chinese bi-literates. Accordingly, we investigated brain activation associated with Japanese and Chinese reading in 14 native Japanese speakers literate in Mandarin and 14 native Mandarin speakers literate in Japanese using functional magnetic resonance imaging performed on a 31 system. The activation pattern exhibited clearly distinct features specific for each language. Regardless of the subject's native language literacy, Chinese reading activated an area significantly larger than Japanese reading, suggesting that brain processes involved in Chinese reading were much more complex than Japanese reading. Significant recruitment of corresponding cortical areas in the right hemisphere with Chinese reading was also apparent. The activation patterns associated with Japanese reading by native Japanese literates was highly consistent with previous reports, and included the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), left posterior temporal lobe (PTL), and left ventral premotor cortex (PMv). The activation pattern associated with Chinese reading by native Chinese literates was also highly consistent with previous reports, namely the left IFG, left PTL, left PMv, left anterior temporal lobe (ATL), and bilateral parieto occipital lobes (LPOL). The activation pattern associated with Chinese reading by native Japanese literates was virtually identical to that by native Chinese literates, whereas the activation pattern associated with Japanese reading by native Chinese literates was signified by additional activation of LPOL compared to that by native Japanese literate. The study indicated that IFG and PTL are universal language areas, while PMv is the area for decoding complex syllabograms. LPOL is the "Chinese language area," while ATL is essential for languages with analytic morphosyntax. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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  • Neural mechanisms underlying the orienting response to subject's own name: An event-related potential study Reviewed International journal

    Toshihiko Tateuchi, Kosuke Itoh, Tsutomu Nakada

    PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY   49 ( 6 )   786 - 791   2012.6

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    Neural processes underlying the orienting response (OR) to subject's own name (SON) were investigated using the oddball paradigm. Subjects were presented with SON, subject's parent's name, and unfamiliar persons' names while they played a video game and ignored the auditory stimuli. A P3a-like frontal positivity (P440, 440?ms) indexing OR was elicited by SON only when it was the rare stimulus and its amplitude decreased with the repeated presentation of SON. Preceding the P440, SON consistently elicited an early frontal negativity (SON negativity, 170270?ms), including when SON was the high-probability stimulus, and unlike the P440, this negativity did not habituate. These results conform to the hypothesis that early preattentive processing of speech sounds distinguishes SON from other names irrespective of short-term stimulus context, and that this culminates in an OR only when SON is evaluated as being contextually meaningful.

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  • Functional asymmetry in primary auditory cortex for processing musical sounds: temporal pattern analysis of fMRI time series Reviewed International journal

    Shuji Izumi, Kosuke Itoh, Hitoshi Matsuzawa, Sugata Takahashi, Ingrid L. Kwee, Tsutomu Nakada

    NEUROREPORT   22 ( 10 )   470 - 473   2011.7

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    Hemispheric differences in the temporal processing of musical sounds within the primary auditory cortex were investigated using functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI) time series analysis on a 3.0 T system in right-handed individuals who had no formal training in music. The two hemispheres exhibited a clear-cut asymmetry in the time pattern of fMRI signals. A large transient signal component was observed in the left primary auditory cortex immediately after the onset of musical sounds, while only sustained activation, without an initial transient component, was seen in the right primary auditory cortex. The observed difference was believed to reflect differential segmentation in primary auditory cortical sound processing. Although the left primary auditory cortex processed the entire 30-s musical sound stimulus as a single event, the right primary auditory cortex had low-level processing of sounds with multiple segmentations of shorter time scales. The study indicated that musical sounds are processed as &apos;sounds with contents&apos;, similar to how language is processed in the left primary auditory cortex. NeuroReport 22:470-473 (C) 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

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  • Central auditory processing of noncontextual consonance in music: An evoked potential study Reviewed International journal

    Kosuke Itoh, Shugo Suwazono, Tsutomu Nakada

    JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA   128 ( 6 )   3781 - 3787   2010.12

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    The consonance of individual chords presented out of musical context, or the noncontextual consonance of chords, is usually defined as the absence of roughness, which is a sensation perceived when slightly mistuned frequencies are not clearly resolved in the cochlea. The present work uses evoked potentials to demonstrate that the absence of roughness is not sufficient to explain the entirety of noncontextual consonance perception. Presented with a random sequence of various pure-tone intervals (0-13 semitones), listeners' cerebral cortical activities distinguished these stimuli according to their noncontextual consonance in a manner consistent with standard musical practice, even when the intervals exceeded the critical bandwidth (approximately three semitones). The roughness-based model of noncontextual consonance could not account for this result because these wide intervals had indistinguishably low levels of roughness. Further, this effect was evident only in musicians, indicating plasticity in the underlying neural mechanisms. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that, although the absence of roughness may represent an important aspect of noncontextual consonance, properties of intervals other than those related to roughness also contribute to this perception, underpinned by neural activity in the central auditory system that can be plastically modified by experience. (C) 2010 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3500685]

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  • Relationship between fusional limit and visual acuity in depth perception of binocular single vision Single ViSiOn

    Masaki Watanabe, Tohru Kiryu, Kiyotaka Suzuki, Kosuke Itoh, Tsutomu Nakada

    IEICE Technical Report   108 ( 179 )   159 - 162   2009.3

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  • Neural substrates for visual pattern recognition learning in Igo Reviewed International journal

    Kosuke Itoh, Hideaki Kitamura, Yukihiko Fujii, Tsutomu Nakada

    BRAIN RESEARCH   1227   162 - 173   2008.8

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    Different contexts require different visual pattern recognitions even for identical retinal inputs, and acquiring expertise in various visual-cognitive skills requires long-term training to become capable of recognizing relevant visual patterns in otherwise ambiguous stimuli. This 3-Tesla fMRI experiment exploited shikatsu-mondai (life-or-death problems) in the Oriental board game of Igo (Go) to identify the neural substrates supporting this gradual and adaptive learning. In shikatsu-mondai, the player adds stones to the board with the objective of making, or preventing the opponent from making nigan (two eyes), or the topology of figure of eight, with these stones. Without learning the game, passive viewing of shikatsu-mondai activated the occipito-temporal cortices, reflecting visual processing without the recognition of nigan. Several days after two-hour training, passive viewing of the same stimuli additionally activated the premotor area, intraparietal sulcus, and a visual area near the junction of the (left) intraparietal and transverse occipital sulci, demonstrating plastic changes in neuronal responsivity to the stimuli that contained indications of nigan. Behavioral tests confirmed that the participants had successfully learned to recognize nigan and solve the problems. in the newly activated regions, the level of neural activity while viewing the problems correlated positively with the level of achievement in learning. These results conformed to the hypothesis that recognition of a newly learned visual pattern is supported by the activities of fronto-parietal and visual cortical neurons that interact via newly formed functional connections among these regions. These connections would provide the medium by which the fronto-parietal system modulates visual cortical activity to attain behaviorally relevant perceptions. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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  • Natural preference in luminosity for frame composition Reviewed International journal

    Naoharu Kobayashi, Kosuke Itoh, Kiyotaka Suzuki, Ingrid L. Kwee, Tsutomu Nakada

    NEUROREPORT   18 ( 11 )   1137 - 1140   2007.7

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    We investigated whether or not frame composition spontaneously selected by individuals exhibit a natural left shift in preference of luminosity, as previously suggested, by examining biases in luminosity imprinted in photographs taken under three different conditions: (i) daytime pictures taken outside without determination of frame composition (N = 4153); (ii) daytime pictures taken outside with determination of frame composition (N=4035); and (iii) pictures taken inside with determination of frame composition (N=4045). As anticipated, there was a strong vertical gradient of luminance grayscale intensity, reflecting natural day light distribution, for pictures of categories (i) and (ii). Similarly, a minor vertical gradient was detected for pictures of category (iii), indicating common room lighting conditions. To our great interest, there was a consistent leftward tilt of ca. 2 and 9 degrees found in the vertical gradients for pictures of categories (ii) and (iii), respectively, but not for pictures of category (i). The result provides clear-cut evidence that there is indeed a natural preference for a leftward bias in luminosity for frame composition.

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  • Electrophysiological correlates of absolute pitch and relative pitch Reviewed International journal

    K Itoh, S Suwazono, H Arao, K Miyazaki, T Nakada

    CEREBRAL CORTEX   15 ( 6 )   760 - 769   2005.6

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    The temporal and spatial characteristics of the cortical processes responsible for absolute pitch (AP) and relative pitch (RP) were investigated by multi-channel event-related potentials (ERPs). Compared to listening, pitch-naming of tones in non-possessors of AP elicited three ERP components (P3b, parietal positive slow wave, frontal negative slow wave) over parietal and frontal scalp between 300 and 900 ms in latency, representing the cortical processes for RP. Possessors of AP elicited a unique left posterior-temporal negativity ('AP negativity') at 150 ms in both listening and pitch-naming conditions, representing the cortical processes for AP that were triggered by pitch input irrespective of the task the subjects were asked to perform. Congruency of auditory Stroop stimuli modulated the amplitudes of parietal positive slow wave (non-possessors of AP) and 'AP negativity' (possessors of AP), confirming that these components reflect the verbal labeling or pitch-to-pitch-name associative transformation that is central to pitch-naming. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that AP is subserved by neuronal processes in the left auditory association cortex that occur earlier and more automatically than the processes for RP, which involve broader areas of the cortex over longer periods of time.

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  • Affiliative bonding as a dynamical process: A view from ethology Invited Reviewed

    K Itoh, A Izumi

    BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES   28 ( 3 )   355 - +   2005.6

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    Depue & Morrone-Strupinsky's (D&M-Ss) implicit assumption appears to be that affiliative bonding is either strengthened or maintained with time; however, it is more realistic that it can also be weakened or destroyed by conflictive interpersonal interactions. Without specifying the mechanisms by which antagonistic stimuli deteriorate affiliative bonding, the model is incapable of accounting for the dynamics associated with this complex phenomenon.

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  • MT+/V5 activation without conscious motion perception: A high-field fMRI study Reviewed

    Kosuke Itoh, Yukihiko Fujii, Ingrid L. Kwee, Tsutomu Nakada

    Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences   4 ( 2 )   69 - 74   2005

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    While activity of MT+/V5 neurons is believed to be necessary for the conscious perception of visual motion, whether neural activity in MT+/V5 is a sufficient condition for the conscious perception of motion in vision still remains unanswered. A high-field (3.0 Tesla) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was designed and performed to answer this specific question. Eleven healthy subjects viewed a checkerboard pattern stimulus reversed in contrast at 0.2, 12, 30, and 60 Hz while being probed for activation in MT+/V5. At 0.2 Hz, all viewers perceived pattern-reversal which was stationary in position. However, at 12, 30, and 60 Hz, many subjects perceived apparent motion (e.g., vertical and horizontal flows) in the square pattern. At 12 and 30 Hz reversals, MT+/V5 was activated in all subjects (11/11). Nevertheless, three out of eleven (3/11) subjects denied motion perception in these conditions. At 60 Hz reversal, as many as seven out of eleven (7/11) subjects failed to see motion but activation in MT+/V5 was found in the majority (5/7) of the subjects. The results demonstrated that significant MT+/V5 activation occurs without accompanying subjective awareness of seeing motion in an apparent-motion stimulus, indicating that neural activity in MT+/V5 does not represent a sufficient condition for conscious perception of motion in vision. © 2005 by Japanese Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

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  • Personality research with non-human primates: theoretical formulation and methods (vol 43, pg 249, 2002) Reviewed

    K Itoh

    PRIMATES   45 ( 4 )   285 - 285   2004.10

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  • Electrophysiological correlates of grapheme-phoneme conversion Reviewed International journal

    K Huang, K Itoh, S Suwazono, T Nakada

    NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS   366 ( 3 )   254 - 258   2004.8

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    The cortical processes underlying grapheme-phoneme conversion were investigated by event-related potentials (ERPs). The task consisted of silent reading or vowel-matching of three Japanese hiragana characters, each representing a consonant-vowel syllable. At earlier latencies, typical components of the visual ERP, namely, P1 (110 ms), NI (170 ms) and P2 (300 ms), were elicited in the temporo-occipital area for both tasks as well as control task (observing the orthographic shapes of three Korean characters). Following these earlier components, two sustained negativities were identified. The earlier sustained negativity, referred here to as SN1, was found in both the silent-reading and vowel-matching task but not in the control task. The scalp distribution of SN1 was over the left occipito-temporal area, with maximum amplitude over O1. The amplitude of SN1 was larger in the vowel-matching task compared to the silent-reading task, consistent with previous reports that ERP amplitude correlates with task difficulty. SN2, the later sustained negativity, was only observed in the vowel-matching task. The scalp distribution of SN2 was over the midsagittal centro-parietal area with maximum amplitude over Cz. Elicitation of SN2 in the vowel-matching task suggested that the vowel-matching task requires a wider range of neural activities exceeding the established conventional area of language processing. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

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  • 聴覚ストループ効果における干渉パターンの検討

    荒生 弘史, 伊藤 浩介, 諏訪園 秀吾, 中田 力, 宮崎 謙一

    日本認知心理学会発表論文集   2004   56 - 56   2004

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  • Cortical processing of musical consonance: an evoked potential study Reviewed International journal

    K Itoh, S Suwazono, T Nakada

    NEUROREPORT   14 ( 18 )   2303 - 2306   2003.12

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS  

    dCortical processes underlying perception of musical consonance were investigated by long-latency auditory evoked potentials (EPs). Subjects listened to a random sequence of dyadic pure tones paired at various pitch intervals (1, 4, 6, 7, or 9 semitones). Amplitudes of P2 and N2 components of auditory EPs were significantly modulated by pitch interval of the dyads, being most negative for 1 semitone (minor second) and least negative or most positive for 7 semitones (perfect fifth). The results indicate that neural processing of consonance depend not only on peripheral mechanisms in the inner ear but also on higher associative processing of pitch relationships in the cerebral cortex. (C) 2003 Lippincott Williams Wilkins.

    DOI: 10.1097/01.wnr.0000099989.54721.75

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  • Ear advantage and consonance of dichotic pitch intervals in absolute-pitch possessors Reviewed International journal

    K Itoh, K Miyazaki, T Nakada

    BRAIN AND COGNITION   53 ( 3 )   464 - 471   2003.12

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    Left-right asymmetry in the central processing of musical consonance was investigated by dichotic listening tasks. Two piano tones paired at various pitch intervals (1-11 semitones) were presented one note in each ear to twenty absolute-pitch possessors. As a result, a weak overall trend for left ear advantage (LEA) was found, as is characteristic of trained musicians. Second, pitches of dissonant intervals were more difficult to identify than those of consonant intervals. Finally, the LEA was greater with dissonant intervals than with consonant intervals. As the tones were dichotically presented, the results indicated that the central auditory system could distinguish between consonant and dissonant intervals without initial processing of pitch-pitch relations in the cochlea. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/S0278-2626(03)00236-7

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  • Personality research with non-human primates: Theoretical formulation and methods Reviewed

    K Itoh

    PRIMATES   43 ( 3 )   249 - 261   2002.7

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    Since the earliest periods of primatology study, researchers have been aware of animals' consistent individual differences in behavior or personality. Many papers have been published on this subject, but they lacked a common theoretical and methodological background. The present work is an attempt to provide such theoretical and methodological foundations to this field of biological science. In the theoretical formulation section, "biological study of personality" is first derived as an extension of the ethology paradigm, and non-human primate personality research is subsequently characterized as its strategic component. In the methodology section, brief reviews and discussions are presented on subjective and objective personality assessment methods with non-human primates with a reference to the reliability and validity concepts in human psychometrics. The work provides a theoretical framework and methodological suggestions for non-human primate personality research.

    DOI: 10.1007/BF02629652

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  • Asymmetry of parietal lobe activation during piano performance: a high field functional magnetic resonance imaging study Reviewed

    K Itoh, Y Fujii, K Suzuki, T Nakada

    NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS   309 ( 1 )   41 - 44   2001.8

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    Functional asymmetry of the parietal lobes during piano performance was assessed utilizing independent component cross-correlation-sequential epoch analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging time series. Eight right handed musically trained subjects played the piano with their right hand, left hand, or both hands as cued by visually presented musical scores. The areas activated included the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and the primary sensorimotor areas (SM1). While unilateral SM1 activation was correlated to motion of the corresponding contralateral hand, PPC activation was correlated to piano performance irrespective of hand modality. Furthermore, PPC activation exhibited significant asymmetry, with left hemisphere dominance. The results indicate that the left parietal lobe plays a significant role in the cortical processes of piano performance. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/S0304-3940(01)02024-9

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  • Object discrimination learning in aged Japanese monkeys Reviewed

    K Itoh, A Izumi, S Kojima

    BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE   115 ( 2 )   259 - 270   2001.4

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    Authorship:Lead author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC  

    The authors investigated the behavioral aging effects of Japanese macaques in 3 object discrimination learning tasks: learning-set (LS) formation, go/no-go discrimination learning, and multiple discrimination reversals. Aged monkeys showed deteriorated performance in these tasks compared with younger controls, Hypothesis analysis of LS showed that aged monkeys had difficulty learning the lose-shift component of the hypothesis win-stay-lose-shift with respect to object. Deficits in go/no-go successive discrimination were clear in no-go trials only in the first 2 pairs of 5 tasks. Performance of aged monkeys was severely disturbed from a chance to criterion level in discrimination reversals. These results are attributed not only to increased tendency for perseveration but also to difficulty in associating the reward and the object in aged monkeys and may be related to the decline in the functions of the ventral frontal cortex.

    DOI: 10.1037//0735-7044.115.2.259

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  • Assessment of individual differences in the preferred proximity to a human feeder by partitioned raisin test, with two species of macaque monkeys Reviewed

    K Itoh

    PRIMATES   42 ( 1 )   47 - 56   2001.1

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    All animals must acquire food and mates by approaching them despite possibilities of accompanying risks and thus are frequently encountered with approach-avoidance conflicts in daily lives. Behavioral individual differences in such situations may be considered as one of the most biologically fundamental personality traits. "Partitioned raisin test" was devised to assess this trait with macaque monkeys. It involved throwing, raisins into groups of monkeys and observing the preferred distance of each from the human feeder, a source of possible harm. The test was administered to 4 groups of Japanese monkeys (30 total) and 3 groups of rhesus monkeys (19 total), all 1-yr-old and matched in history. Individual differences in the preferred proximity to the feeder, as expressed by the Proximity Index (PI), were found in both species, PI was not correlated with a measure of dominance over the raisins. Individual differences in PI were also not due to territorial effects unrelated to the location of the feeder. PI was stable in five of the six monkeys re-tested after one year of interval in a newly organized group, where there supposedly had been a change in their social structure. Partitioned raisin test was shown to be capable of depicting individual differences related to differential approach bias in an approach-avoidance conflict situation. Although possible confounding effects by social factors need to be delineated in the following studies, the method may provide a handy and widely applicable way for the assessment of this trait with monkeys.

    DOI: 10.1007/BF02640688

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  • Studies on the Cognitive Functions of Aged Monkeys

    Ochiai M, Itou K, Izumi A, Kojima S

    Primate Res.   14 ( 2 )   95 - 102   1998.8

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    Language:Japanese   Publisher:Primate Society of Japan  

    DOI: 10.2354/psj.14.95

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    Other Link: https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00341033095?from=CiNii

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Books

  • 絶対音感を科学する

    阿部 純一, 宮崎 謙一, 榊原 彩子( Role: Joint author ,  絶対音感と脳)

    全音楽譜出版社  2021.5  ( ISBN:4118800519

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    Total pages:296   Language:Japanese

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  • ドレミファソラシは虹の七色? : 知られざる「共感覚」の世界

    伊藤, 浩介

    光文社  2021.3  ( ISBN:9784334045302

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    Total pages:244p, 図版 [8] p   Language:Japanese

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  • Noninvasive scalp recording of the middle latency responses and cortical auditory evoked potentials in the alert common marmoset. International journal

    Kosuke Itoh, Haruhiko Iwaoki, Naho Konoike, Hironaka Igarashi, Katsuki Nakamura

    Hearing research   405   108229 - 108229   2021.6

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    The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a New World monkey, serves as a useful animal model in clinical and basic neuroscience. The present study recorded scalp auditory evoked potentials (AEP) in non-sedated common marmoset monkeys (n = 4) using a noninvasive method similar to that used in humans, and aimed to identify nonhuman primate correlates of the human AEP components. A pure tone stimulus was presented while electroencephalograms were recorded using up to 16 disk electrodes placed on the scalp and earlobes. Candidate homologues of two categories of the human AEP, namely, the middle latency responses (MLR; Na, Pa, Nb, and Pb) and the cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEP; P1, N1, P2, N2, and the sustained potential, SP) were identified in the marmoset. These waves were labeled as CjNa, CjPa, CjNb, CjPb, CjP1, CjN1, CjP2, CjN2, and CjSP, where Cj stands for Callithrix jacchus. The last MLR component, CjPb, was identical to the first CAEP component, CjP1, similar to the relationship between Pb and P1 in humans. The peak latencies of the marmoset MLR and CAEP were generally shorter than in humans, which suggests a shorter integration time in neural processing. To our knowledge, the present study represents the first scalp recorded MLR and CAEP in the alert common marmoset. Further use of these recording methods would enable valid species comparisons of homologous brain indices between humans and animals.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2021.108229

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  • 絶対音感保持者における音階音と非音階音に対するミスマッチ陰性電位

    松田 将門, 伊藤 浩介, 五十嵐 博中

    臨床神経生理学   47 ( 5 )   427 - 427   2019.10

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  • Neural response to auditory stimuli and vocalization in common marmoset

    Naho Konoike, Miki Miwa, Kosuke Itoh, Katsuki Nakamura

    The 42nd annual meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society   2019.7

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  • Endogenous brain activities preceding self-initiated movements Reviewed

    2019.7

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  • 内因性の意図に基づく自己開始運動に先行する脳活動

    酒多 穂波, 伊藤 浩介, 鈴木 雄治, 中村 克樹, 渡辺 将樹, 五十嵐 博中, 中田 力

    基礎心理学研究   37 ( 2 )   222 - 222   2019.3

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  • 聴覚機能の進化:ヒトとアカゲザルにおける無侵襲頭皮上聴覚誘発電位記録による検討

    伊藤浩介, 禰占雅史, 鴻池菜保, 中田力, 中村克樹

    日本基礎心理学会第36回大会   2017.12

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  • Endogenously initiated movements are preceded by neural activities in multiple cortical regions: an event-related fMRI study Reviewed

    Honami Sakata, Kosuke Itoh, Yuji Suzuki, Katsuki Nakamura, Masaki Watanabe, Hironaka Igarashi, Tsutomu Nakada

    47th Annual meeting of Society for Neuroscience   2017.11

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  • Musical chord change detection in the macaque monkey is hindered by insertion of silent gaps between chords: a scalp ERP study

    Kosuke Itoh, Masafumi Nejime, Naho Konoike, Katsuki Nakamura, Tsutomu Nakada

    The 47th annual meeting of Society for Neuroscience   2017.11

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  • 内因性の意図に基づく運動に先行する神経活動

    酒多穂波, 伊藤浩介, 鈴木雄治, 中村克樹, 渡辺将樹, 五十嵐博中, 中田力

    第29回 臨床MR脳機能研究   2017.4

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  • 事象関連fMRIによる自由な意図の神経基盤の検討

    酒多穂波, 伊藤浩介, 鈴木雄治, 中村克樹, 渡辺将樹, 五十嵐博中, 中田力

    第6回 生理研-霊長研-脳研 合同シンポジウム   2017.3

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  • Evolutionary elongation of the time scale of auditory cortical processing: comparison of effects of stimulus time parameters on human and macaque scalp auditory evoked potentials. Reviewed

    Itoh K, Nejime M, Konoike N, Nakamura K, Nakada T

    The 5th Joint Meeting of Acoustical Society of America and Acoustical Society of Japan   2016.11

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  • 無麻酔アカゲザルにおける頭皮上聴覚誘発電位の長潜時成分:記録法と成分同定

    伊藤浩介, 禰占雅史, 鴻池菜保, 中田力, 中村克樹

    臨床神経生理学   44 ( 5 )   462   2016.10

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  • アカゲザルにおける聴覚誘発電位長潜時成分:記録法と成分同定 Reviewed

    伊藤浩介, 禰占雅史, 鴻池菜保, 中田力, 中村克樹

    第46回日本臨床神経生理学会学術大会   2016.10

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  • マウスVBM用のMRI標準脳の開発とアルツハイマー病モデルマウスを用いたVBMの有用性の検証

    八木 悠太, 植木 智志, 伊藤 浩介, 辻田 実加, 五十嵐 博中, 大久保 真樹

    日本放射線技術学会雑誌   71 ( 9 )   932 - 933   2015.9

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  • SON negativity: An event-related potential component reflecting preattentive detection of subject's own name (SON)

    Kosuke Itoh, Toshihiko Tateuchi, Tsutomu Nakada

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY   94 ( 2 )   150 - 150   2014.11

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    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.675

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  • 6 Modulation of cortical motor network : An fMRI study(Ⅰ.一般演題, 第62回新潟脳神経外科懇話会)

    倉部 聡, 伊藤 浩介, 松澤 等, 中田 力, 藤井 幸彦

    新潟医学会雑誌   128 ( 11 )   610 - 611   2014.11

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    Other Link: http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2015187841

  • 低血糖脳症におけるグルコース再灌流障害を標的とした新規神経保護薬の検討

    池田 哲彦, 高橋 哲哉, 五十嵐 博中, 金澤 雅人, 伊藤 浩介, 中田 力, 西澤 正豊, 下畑 享良

    臨床神経学   53 ( 12 )   1539 - 1539   2013.12

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  • Auditory Stroop interference induced by sung syllables

    ARAO Hiroshi, ITOH Kosuke, SUWAZONO Shugo, NAKADA Tsutomu, MIYAZAKI Ken'ichi

    Technical report of IEICE. HIP   102 ( 533 )   1 - 6   2002.12

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    An auditory analogue of Stroop interference was demonstrated in a simple experimental procedure. Stimuli were nine pitch-syllable pairs: Each of three syllables (do, re, and mi) was sung at each of three pitches (C3, D3, and E3). There were congruent (e.g., C3-do) and incongruent (e.g., C3-re) stimuli. Whether listeners had absolute pitch (AP) or not, incongruent syllables interfered with pitch naming. In contrast, incongruent pitches interfered with syllable naming only if listeners had AP. Thus bidirectional and unidirectional patterns of interference were obtained for listeners with and without AP, respectively. These results were consistent with those in a previous study (Miyazaki, 2000). Implications for pitch processing by AP possessors and for models of Stroop interference were discussed.

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Research Projects

  • 共感覚の表象構造と形成過程に関する研究

    Grant number:24H00175

    2024.4 - 2027.3

    System name:科学研究費助成事業

    Research category:基盤研究(A)

    Awarding organization:日本学術振興会

    横澤 一彦, 開 一夫, 伊藤 浩介, 浅野 倫子, 松田 英子, 宇野 究人, 楠見 孝

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    Grant amount:\47710000 ( Direct Cost: \36700000 、 Indirect Cost:\11010000 )

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  • ヒトとサルで「社会脳」の機構や進化を調べる次世代ハイパースキャニング脳波計の開発

    Grant number:22500538

    2022.7 - 2024.3

    System name:挑戦的研究(萌芽)

    Awarding organization:文部科学省 科学研究費助成事業

    伊藤浩介, 鴻池菜保

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  • ヒトとサルで「社会脳」の機構や進化を調べる次世代ハイパースキャニング脳波計の開発

    Grant number:22K18644

    2022.6 - 2024.3

    System name:科学研究費助成事業 挑戦的研究(萌芽)

    Research category:挑戦的研究(萌芽)

    Awarding organization:日本学術振興会

    伊藤 浩介, 鴻池 菜保

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    Grant amount:\6500000 ( Direct Cost: \5000000 、 Indirect Cost:\1500000 )

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  • 脳の時間の単位の進化:哺乳類6種における無侵襲脳波記録による検討

    Grant number:21H00304

    2021.4 - 2023.3

    System name:科学研究費助成事業 新学術領域研究(研究領域提案型)

    Research category:新学術領域研究(研究領域提案型)

    Awarding organization:日本学術振興会

    伊藤 浩介

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    Grant amount:\5200000 ( Direct Cost: \4000000 、 Indirect Cost:\1200000 )

    脳が外界を知覚する、まさにその機能が、脳の時間の最小単位を規定する。例えば聴覚では、数100ミリ秒の時間窓(時間幅)が単位となり、この時間窓内の刺激は、ひとつの聴覚イベントに統合されて聞こえる。この時間窓の長さには種差があっても、不思議ではない。そして、もし感覚野の知覚処理に時間窓の種差があるならば、感覚野から情報を受ける連合野や他の脳部位にも、それに応じた時間窓の種差があるはずである。つまり、外界情報の知覚を規定する境界条件としての時間窓は、いわば、脳の時間の単位や秒針のようなものと言える。そのため、知覚の時間窓が進化でどのように変化したか(あるいはしなかったか)は、脳の時間の種差を考える上で、極めて根本的な問題である。
    しかし、知覚の時間窓に種差があるかもしれないという可能性そのものが、これまでほとんど検討されたことがない。そこで本研究は、ヒト、チンパンジー、マカクザル、マーモセットという霊長類4種に、霊長類以外の哺乳類であるイルカとウマの2種を加えた全6種を対象とした比較研究により、時間処理がとくに重要な聴覚に注目し、脳の知覚の時間窓の進化を明らかにすることを目的とした。脳活動の指標には、頭皮上から無侵襲で記録できる、聴覚誘発電位(AEP)を利用する。
    本年度の研究では、霊長類4種の比較を先行して行い論文として発表した(Itoh et al., 2022)。また、ウマおよびイルカから脳波を記録する方法論の開発を進め、1分以内の短時間を断片的にであれば、脳波を記録できるようになった。

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  • イルカ無侵襲脳波記録への挑戦

    Grant number:20K21559

    2020.7 - 2022.3

    System name:科学研究費助成事業 挑戦的研究(萌芽)

    Research category:挑戦的研究(萌芽)

    Awarding organization:日本学術振興会

    伊藤 浩介

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    Grant amount:\6500000 ( Direct Cost: \5000000 、 Indirect Cost:\1500000 )

    イルカは、霊長類とは全く異なる進化の道をたどることで、高度に発達した脳を持つに至った。しかし、そのようなイ
    ルカの脳の構造や機能は、驚くほど霊長類とは異なる。とすると、これまで暗黙の前提だった霊長類脳の基本構造や機能は、ヒト脳の高次機能に必須の条件ではないかもしれないと思えてくる。イルカの脳には、脳の基本原理を新しい角度から照らし直す、新知見の宝庫の期待がかかる。
    しかし、生きたイルカの脳を調べる手段がない。そこで本研究は、水中のイルカから無麻酔かつ無侵襲で脳波を記録する技術を確立することで、イルカ脳科学への道を切り開くことに挑戦する。
    本研究の技術的な中核は、吸盤電極とアクティブ電極を合体させた“吸盤アクティブ電極”の新開発である。水中でのイルカの脳波記録には、吸盤による電極の設置が有効なことが示されている(Nachtigall, 2007など)。アクティブ電極は、電極部に増幅器を組み込むことで体動やリード線の動揺によるノイズの混入を防ぐ技術であり、ヒトの脳波記録で実用化されている。この2つの既存技術を組み合わせたものが、本研究に独自の“吸盤アクティブ電極”である。これにより、ノイズの少ない高品質の脳波データが、水中のイルカから無侵襲で記録できる。

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  • Establishment of nonhuman primate models for human psychiatric disorders without gene modification and elucidation of its brain dysfunction

    Grant number:19H01039

    2019.4 - 2024.3

    System name:Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

    Research category:Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

    Awarding organization:Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

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    Authorship:Coinvestigator(s) 

    Grant amount:\39650000 ( Direct Cost: \30500000 、 Indirect Cost:\9150000 )

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  • 共感覚に関する認知心理学的研究の深化と展開

    Grant number:19H01770

    2019.4 - 2022.3

    System name:科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B)

    Research category:基盤研究(B)

    Awarding organization:日本学術振興会

    横澤 一彦, 伊藤 浩介, 浅野 倫子

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    Grant amount:\17290000 ( Direct Cost: \13300000 、 Indirect Cost:\3990000 )

    色字共感覚では一般的に、未知の文字には色を感じないが、「その新奇文字は既知文字のAに相当する」のように既知文字に対応づけて学習させると、すぐに既知文字の共感覚色が転移する形で新奇文字に色を感じるようになることが知られていた。そこで、色字共感覚の保持者に新奇文字(未知のタイ文字)を提示し、それぞれに異なる既知文字(平仮名)を1 文字ずつ対応づけて学習させた結果、既知文字の共感覚色が互いに異なる色であった場合に比べて、既知文字すべてが似た共感覚色を持つ場合は転移が起こりにくいことが分かり、共感覚色が文字の学習時に文字の弁別に使われ、学習を補助するという仮説と整合的な結果であり、Psychonomic Bulletin & Review誌の論文として採択された。色字共感覚の長期安定性の研究に取り組み、5~8年の期間を挟んだ色字対応づけの安定性のデータを収集中である。色聴共感覚の実験研究を行うとともに、共感覚と感覚間協応の関係、色聴共感覚と絶対音感の関係についても実験研究を行い、学会発表を行った。
    序数擬人化共感覚について、大学生を対象に調査を行い、この種類の共感覚を持つ人、持たない人以外に、以前は持っていたが失ったと自覚している人が少数ながら一定数存在することを確認した。そして、これらの3グループそれぞれの人における数字とパーソナリティの対応付けかたの性質について明らかにするための予備的な実験を行った。
    ドレミファソラシに色を感じる共感覚につき、新規の被験者をリクルートし、絶対音感との関係などについて、行動学的な調査を行った。また、絶対音感の脳メカニズムについて、脳波により検討を行った。さらに、マルチメディア刺激を提示することで色聴などの共感覚をインターネット上でオンライン調査するためのプラットフォームを開発した。

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  • 脳の時間の単位の進化:ヒト・サル・イルカの無侵襲脳波記録による検討

    Grant number:19H05309

    2019.4 - 2021.3

    System name:科学研究費助成事業 新学術領域研究(研究領域提案型)

    Research category:新学術領域研究(研究領域提案型)

    Awarding organization:日本学術振興会

    伊藤 浩介

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    Grant amount:\5980000 ( Direct Cost: \4600000 、 Indirect Cost:\1380000 )

    脳が外界を知覚する、まさにその機能が、脳の時間の最小単位を規定する。例えば聴覚では、数100ミリ秒の時間窓(時間幅)が単位となり、この時間窓内の刺激は、ひとつの聴覚イベントに統合されて聞こえる。この時間窓の長さには種差があっても、不思議ではない。そして、もし感覚野の知覚処理に時間窓の種差があるならば、感覚野から情報を受ける連合野や他の脳部位にも、それに応じた時間窓の種差があるはずである。つまり、外界情報の知覚を規定する境界条件としての時間窓は、いわば、脳の時間の単位や秒針のようなものと言える。そのため、知覚の時間窓が進化でどのように変化したか(あるいはしなかったか)は、脳の時間の種差を考える上で、極めて根本的な問題である。
    しかし、知覚の時間窓に種差があるかもしれないという可能性そのものが、これまでほとんど検討されたことがない。そこで本研究は、ヒト、マカクザル、マーモセット、そしてイルカを対象とした比較研究により、時間処理がとくに重要な聴覚に注目し、脳の知覚の時間窓の進化を明らかにすることを目的とした。脳活動の指標には、頭皮上から無侵襲で記録できる、聴覚誘発電位(AEP)を利用する。
    本年度の研究では、持続時間を様々に変えた時のAEP振幅の変化を調べることで、ヒトとアカゲザルで聴覚処理の時間特性に種差があることを明らかにした(Itoh et al., 2019)。また、マーモセットの無侵襲AEP波形の形状や潜時を世界で初めて記載し(Itoh et al., submitted)、ヒト・アカゲザル・マーモセットの3種での時間窓の種差の解析を進めている。さらに、イルカで脳波記録を行うためのプロトコルやデバイス(電極シート)の作成を行った。

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  • Evolution of auditory time-window: a comparative study using ERP

    Grant number:17K00202

    2017.4 - 2020.3

    System name:Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    Research category:Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    Awarding organization:Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    Itoh Kosuke

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    Grant amount:\4420000 ( Direct Cost: \3400000 、 Indirect Cost:\1020000 )

    Auditory information is integrated over time for obtaining neural representations of auditory events in the brain. The time window of integration is a critical parameter of auditory processing that determines how sounds are represented in the brain and in perception.
    This project revealed that the time scale of auditory integration, as evidenced by non-invasively recorded scalp auditory evoked potentials (AEP), is elongated in humans as compared to monkeys. Longer time scales of integration would allow neural representations of complex auditory features that characterize speech and music.

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  • Evolutionary psychology of music: an event-related potential approach

    Grant number:25540052

    2013.4 - 2017.3

    System name:Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research

    Research category:Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research

    Awarding organization:Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

    Itoh Kosuke, NAKAMURA Katsuki, KONOIKE Naho, NEJIME Masafumi, NAKADA Tsutomu

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    Grant amount:\3640000 ( Direct Cost: \2800000 、 Indirect Cost:\840000 )

    This work investigated the utility of scalp-recorded auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) for investigating the human evolution of music. ERPs to various sounds, from pure tone to musical chord progressions, were recorded in human and non-human primate species to investigate species differences in how these sounds are processed in the brain. Results suggested that the time scale of auditory cortical processing is elongated in humans, which would enable neural representations of complex auditory features that characterize music and language.

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  • 機能的磁気共鳴画像を用いたヒト脳の音楽機能の研究

    Grant number:00J81903

    2000 - 2001

    System name:科学研究費助成事業 特別研究員奨励費

    Research category:特別研究員奨励費

    Awarding organization:日本学術振興会

    伊藤 浩介

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    Grant amount:\2400000 ( Direct Cost: \2400000 )

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  • 霊長類の性格の生物学的研究

    Grant number:97J03321

    1998 - 1999

    System name:科学研究費助成事業 特別研究員奨励費

    Research category:特別研究員奨励費

    Awarding organization:日本学術振興会

    伊藤 浩介

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    Grant amount:\1800000 ( Direct Cost: \1800000 )

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Teaching Experience

  • 音と音楽をめぐる科学と教養

    2019
    Institution name:新潟大学

  • 音と音楽をめぐる科学と教養Ⅱ

    2018
    Institution name:新潟大学

  • 音と音楽をめぐる科学と教養Ⅰ

    2018
    Institution name:新潟大学

  • 音と音楽をめぐる科学的教養

    2016
    -
    2017
    Institution name:新潟大学