Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

OBJECTIVES:  This article investigates the changes in blood-based biomarkers associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) risk in type 2 diabetic patients following local antibiotic periodontal treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS:  A secondary analysis of data from a 24-week randomized controlled trial was conducted, involving 27 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontitis. Participants received periodontal treatment biweekly from baseline until the 6th week of the study. Fourteen patients in intervention group received scaling with local antibiotic adjunct (Periofol 2%). The outcomes were periodontal inflammation score, which was measured using periodontal inflamed surface area, the inflammation markers levels (tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, and interleukin [IL]-6), and MCI risk score, which was assessed using protein plasma analysis through blood test. The evaluations were performed at baseline and week 24th in both groups. The changes in periodontal inflammation scores, inflammation parameters, and MCI risk in baseline and week 24th were analyzed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:  The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for within-group analysis and the Mann-Whitney U test was utilized for between-group analysis. RESULTS:  Periodontal parameters were improved in both groups (p < 0.05). IL-6, complement C3, and alpha-2-antiplasmin levels were significantly decreased in the intervention group (p < 0.05). In between-group comparisons, there was a significant difference between the control and intervention groups in apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein C1, and alpha-1-B glycoprotein levels in week 24th (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION:  Even though the periodontal status showed significant improvement after being given local antibiotic periodontal treatment, the changes in MCI risk proteins plasma remained unclear.

DOI： 10.1055/s-0044-1795115

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Dental checkups are integral to maintaining oral function in older adults and are a critical determinant of overall health and quality of life. However, their impact on oral function parameters remains understudied. This study investigated the association between dental checkup attendance and oral function in older adults. This cross-sectional study recruited a convenience sample of 235 older adults (75.1 ± 5.6 years, 125 males). Participants were categorized based on biannual dental checkup attendance. Seven oral parameters were assessed: oral cleanliness, oral dryness, occlusal support, oral motor function, tongue pressure, masticatory performance, and swallowing function. Statistical analyses included the Mann‒Whitney U test, chi-squared test, and linear regression analysis. Significant differences between attendees and non-attendees were found in sex, body mass index, and oral hygiene practices. Oral cleanliness (p = 0.005), masticatory performance (p < 0.001), and swallowing function (p = 0.001) were significantly better in checkup attendees. Non-attendance at dental checkups was consistently associated with the extent of declined oral function in crude (B:0.45; 95%CI:0.12,0.77) and fully adjusted models (B:0.56; 95%CI:0.16,0.97). Given the positive association between dental checkup non-adherence and declined oral function, encouraging community-based awareness campaigns with accessible dental care could promote checkup attendance. Consequently, it contributes to maintaining oral function in the older adult population.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-025-02206-5

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Language：Japanese  

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/default/link?pub_year=2025&ichushi_jid=J03796&link_issn=&doc_id=20250616360005&doc_link_id=10.11260%2Fkenkokyoiku.33.132&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.11260%2Fkenkokyoiku.33.132&type=J-STAGE&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00007_3.gif

Language：Japanese  

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/default/link?pub_year=2025&ichushi_jid=J00440&link_issn=&doc_id=20250508180003&doc_link_id=%2Fdk1dehea%2F2025%2F007502%2F003%2F0088-0096%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdk1dehea%2F2025%2F007502%2F003%2F0088-0096%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

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BACKGROUND: Frailty is a major health concern among older adults, and its association with oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) remains underexplored in longitudinal studies. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between baseline OHRQoL and physical frailty incidence at a 2-year follow-up in community-dwelling older adults. DESIGN: Prospective longitudinal study. SETTING: The study was conducted within the Tosa Longitudinal Aging Study framework in Japan. PARTICIPANTS: This study included 144 community-dwelling older adults (50 men and 94 women; median age, 81.0 years) with complete data who participated in the Tosa Longitudinal Aging Study in 2016 and 2018 and were not categorized as physical frailty in 2016. MEASUREMENTS: Baseline assessment included OHRQoL, which was evaluated using the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI; range 12-60), with higher scores indicating better OHRQoL, oral function, and general health status. The incidence of physical frailty was defined using the revised Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria. The association between the GOHAI score and physical frailty was assessed using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The median baseline GOHAI score was 58. The incidence of frailty after a 2-year follow-up was 13.9 % among the participants (18.0 and 11.7 % for men and women, respectively). Each point of the GOHAI score was associated with an 11 % reduction in frailty risk over 2 years after adjusting by age, sex, number of teeth, Food Diversity Score, Geriatric Depression Scale score, eating alone, smoking, and more than five medications (adjusted odds ratio: 0.893; 95 % confidence interval: 0.810-0.984). CONCLUSIONS: This longitudinal study showed that a higher baseline OHRQoL, based on the GOHAI score, was linked to a lower incidence of physical frailty among community-dwelling older adults after 2 years.

DOI： 10.1016/j.tjfa.2024.100008

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

ABSTRACT

Background

The complex association between COVID‐19 and psychological factors may significantly impact oral health, including oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL). Despite their interconnected nature, literature regarding their collective impact on OHRQoL is limited.

Objective

This study aims to assess the independent and interactive effects of COVID‐19 infection and psychological factors on OHRQoL.

Materials and Methods

The cross‐sectional study included 158 participants from a health centre in Yangon city. Participants were categorised into three groups based on their COVID‐19 infection history, hospitalisation and oxygen supply: ‘not experienced’, ‘experienced, non‐hospitalised’ and ‘experienced, hospitalised’. Validated instruments, including Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale‐21 (DASS‐21) to measure emotional states and the Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14) to assess OHRQoL, were employed. Descriptive statistics, Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis test, linear regressions and interaction analysis were computed.

Results

The median OHIP‐14 score was 7.2. Among 85 confirmed COVID‐19 cases, 38.8% (n = 33) received hospitalisation and oxygen supply. Multivariable regression analysis identified ‘experienced, hospitalised’ (95% CI: 6.36, 11.76), difficulty falling asleep (95% CI: 2.65, 7.18), depressive symptoms (95% CI: 7.38, 12.44), anxiety symptoms (95% CI: 2.93, 7.52) and stress symptoms (95% CI: 4.55, 11.11) as predictors of OHIP‐14. Interaction analysis revealed their associations varied by hospitalisation history. In non‐hospitalised individuals, depressive symptoms were positively interacted with OHRQoL (95% CI: 1.34, 9.02). Significant associations were observed between ‘experienced, hospitalised’ × ‘depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms’ and OHRQoL in both univariable and multivariable analyses.

Conclusion

A COVID‐19 infection history and psychological distress significantly affect OHRQoL in Myanmar participants. Moreover, a strong interactive association was observed between hospitalisation during infection and symptoms of psychological distress.

DOI： 10.1111/joor.13928

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

AIM: The aim of the study was to investigate whether periodontal inflammation is associated with elevation of aspartate aminotransferase serum (AST) levels, which serve as a marker for inflammation or injury in particular organs, focusing on older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This 3-year longitudinal study, part of the Niigata Elderly Study cohort, included a total of 233 individuals aged 77 years. As the main exposure, periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) was calculated from all teeth except the third molar and then categorized into quartiles. AST was measured from the vessel blood sample and observed by the changes between baseline and follow-up examination as the outcome. Positive AST serum changes indicated deteriorated conditions. The highest PISA quartile group was selected to examine the correlation with the elevated AST group using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: During the 3-year follow-up examination, 86 participants (36.9%) developed an elevated AST level. The PISA highest quartile group was significantly associated with changes in cumulative AST serum levels (OR 2.191; 95% CI 1.148-4.181) after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSION: This finding suggests that periodontal inflammation in older adults is more likely to develop AST elevation over 3 years. Therefore, assessment and treatment for periodontitis are still important to prevent any deterioration in future health conditions.

DOI： 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_86_25

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会  

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PURPOSE: This study investigated oral diadochokinesis (ODK) and its associated factors, including age group differences, among Japanese older adult outpatients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 127 outpatients (≥65 years) receiving dental check-ups (May 2022-February 2023). Oral function was assessed using ODK (pa/ta/ka/) (KENKOU-KUN®), tongue pressure (TPM-01), masticatory performance (gummy jelly), and swallowing function (RSST). Structured interviews measured social engagement (LSNS-16), depression (GDS-15), and cognitive function (MMSE). Statistical analyses included Chi-square tests, t-tests, and linear regression. RESULTS: Mean ODK values were 6.2 ± 0.7 (/pa/), 6.1 ± 0.8 (/ta/), and 5.6 ± 0.9 (/ka/). Age-grouped differences were found in tongue pressure and ODK /ta/, /ka/. Unadjusted analysis revealed associations between ODK /pa/ and sex, number of remaining teeth, and social engagement. ODK /ta/ was associated with tongue pressure (B: 0.022, 95%CI: 0.008, 0.036), masticatory performance, and swallowing difficulty. ODK /ta/ and /ka/ showed age and sex association. Adjusted regression analysis showed associations between ODK /pa/ and number of remaining teeth (B: 0.028, 95% CI: 0.004, 0.052), ODK /ta/ and tongue pressure (B: 0.021, 95% CI: 0.007, 0.035), masticatory performance (B: 0.095, 95% CI: 0.018, 0.161), and swallowing difficulty (B: -0.679, 95% CI: -1.192, -0.165). CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals ODK's multifaceted nature, highlighting its relationships with various oral and psychosocial factors. Associations between ODK (pa and ta) and other oral functions suggest that improving ODK could maintain overall oral health and quality of life in older adults. Incorporating ODK assessments into routine dental check-ups should be further assessed.

DOI： 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5866422

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

Japan initiated a nationwide oral health promotion movement called the 8020 Campaign in 1989, which promoted oral health via a positive message: let’s keep at least 20 teeth when we reach the age of 80. This study aimed to understand Japan’s 8020 Campaign in terms of its content, actors, processes, and context. This study used qualitative data collection methods consisting of a literature review and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs). The data were analyzed using the health policy triangle framework. The results showed that the 8020 Campaign promoted oral health for individuals of all ages using a life-course approach and followed the Ottawa Charter framework for its core activities. The major facilitating factors suggested were stable financial support, initiatives led by local governments, the enactment of oral health laws and ordinances, the establishment of the 8020 Promotion Foundation, and increased attention focused on preventive approaches to oral health in Japan.

DOI： 10.1177/10105395241300767

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Other Link： https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/10105395241300767

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Weight loss is a critical health issue among the older population. This study aimed to explore the association between weight loss and oral health in older adults. METHODS: We used cross-sectional data from the Uonuma Chronic Kidney Disease Cohort Study. The binary logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the relationship between weight loss and independent variables including the number of teeth present. RESULTS: The participants included 1656 females and 1625 males. There were 1217 females (73.4%) and 1236 males (76.0%) with normal BMI (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25) in the previous year. Weight loss was determined over a 12-month period. Individuals with normal BMI in previous year, and those with weight loss (≥ 5%) or those whom maintained a stable weight were further analysed. The regression analysis (model 3, fully adjusted) showed that females with 0 and 1-10 teeth present had a higher likelihood of losing weight (OR = 4.07; 95% CI = 1.85-8.93, OR = 2.33; 95% CI = 1.24-4.39) compared with those with 20 or more teeth. Current smokers had a higher likelihood of losing weight (OR = 3.15; 95% CI = 1.01-9.76) than lifelong abstainers. Among males, both current and previous smokers showed a higher likelihood of losing weight (OR = 4.94; 95%CI = 1.76-13.8, OR = 3.35; 95% CI = 1.29-8.68) than those who never smoked. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that the number of teeth and smoking are both linked to weight loss in females. However, in males, the association between the number of teeth and weight loss may be compromised due to the high prevalence of smoking in this group.

DOI： 10.1111/joor.13886

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)  

Abstract

Background and Aims:

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted various aspects of daily life, including oral health. However, limited research has explored the effects of the pandemic on oral health perceptions, hygiene behaviors, and their subsequent influence on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in underserved settings. This study aims to assess changes in oral health perceptions and behaviors during the pandemic and their impact on OHRQoL in Myanmar.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 at a township health center in Yangon, Myanmar. A total of 158 participants were included in the study. Clinical oral assessments were performed alongside face-to-face interviews, which collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, oral health perceptions and behaviors, psychological factors, and OHRQoL. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, Kruskal–Wallis tests, and regression analyses were used to explore associations and predictors of OHRQoL.

Results:

Among the 158 participants, 30.4% reported a decline in oral health perception, and 27.8% reported negative changes in oral hygiene behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. These changes were significantly associated with a history of COVID-19 infection, depressive symptoms, and bleeding on probing during oral examinations. Regression analysis revealed that worsened oral health perception (B = −2.59; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −5.00, −0.18) and negative changes in hygiene behaviors (B = −2.27; 95% CI = −4.57, −0.02) were associated with poorer OHRQoL. However, these associations became nonsignificant after adjusting for confounding factors. Notably, a history of COVID-19 infection requiring hospitalization remained a statistically significant predictor of poorer OHRQoL in all models.

Conclusions:

A significant proportion of participants reported worsened oral health perception and negative changes in oral hygiene behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic, which contributed to a decline in OHRQoL. However, the influence of other confounding factors, such as psychological and socioeconomic variables, needs to be carefully considered. Clinically, these findings highlight the importance of integrating psychological support and targeted oral health interventions in the post-pandemic recovery phase, particularly in underserved settings. Public health initiatives should address the long-term impacts of the pandemic on oral health behaviors and perceptions to improve OHRQoL in affected populations.

DOI： 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_182_24

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

This study aims to investigate and compare the psychosocial and oral health factors among Myanmar older adults with and without a history of COVID-19 infection and assess the association between psychological factors and oral health outcomes among those with a history of COVID-19 infection. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 203 participants in Yangon from 2023 to 2024 using face-to-face interviews and clinical oral examinations. Participants with a history of COVID-19 infection experienced greater psychological distress and poorer oral health outcomes than those without such a history. In those who contracted COVID-19, depression positively associated with decayed teeth; decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT); and oral health impact profile–14 (OHIP-14), whereas negatively associated with present teeth. Anxiety positively related to decayed teeth, DMFT, and periodontal pockets. Stress negatively associated with decayed teeth, but positively with OHIP-14. Implementing oral health promotion programs and providing mental support for this vulnerable population are essential to improve their oral health and well-being.

DOI： 10.1177/10105395241296651

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AIM: To assess the current situation regarding oral health status and system in Indonesia through the existing literature and government documents, identify challenges, and propose recommendations for the future. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search was conducted from June to October 2023 through the scientific databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, including published articles from 2013 to 2023. The following main keywords were used: "Indonesia," "oral health system," "oral healthcare system," "oral health policy," "oral health promotion," "oral health coverage," and "oral health status." Articles without any restrictions on study design, review articles, regional or national oral health reports, and Indonesian health laws or regulations were included. Data extracted from the included studies were synthesized and presented into several subgroups. RESULTS: Despite the establishment of a health system in 1982, the oral health status of Indonesian people remains unsatisfying. The prevalence of untreated caries and periodontal disease is still high. Several policies and programs have been implemented to tackle those problems; however, Indonesia still has many challenges to overcome, including geographic constraints, uneven distribution of dental personnel, low public awareness and information on oral care utilization, insufficient resource allocation, and lack of prevention and promotion programs. CONCLUSION: The oral health status of the Indonesian population remains unsatisfactory. Future actions should emphasize on equal access and distribution of dental care, strengthen monitoring and evaluation of ongoing programs, integrate oral health into the national health agenda, and allocate adequate resources to support oral health initiatives.

DOI： 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_73_24

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会  

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Dental caries is a widespread oral health issue in Asia, affecting an estimated 30% to 90% of children and adults. Many caries cases remain untreated, resulting in pain and infection. In response, the Asian Academy of Preventive Dentistry (AAPD) emphasises comprehensive caries management and organised a fluoride workshop at the 15th International Conference of the AAPD in 2023. The AAPD invited a group of experts to form a fluoride working group to review existing literature and develop fluoride recommendations for stakeholders across Asian countries and regions. The working group assessed caries risk and identified commonly used topical fluoride products for home care, professional, and community settings in Asia. The working group concluded that fluoride is a safe and highly effective strategy to reduce caries prevalence and incidence. The working group provided key recommendations based on successful regional caries management practices: (1) use topical fluoride for prevention and control of dental caries; (2) encourage the use of fluoride toothpaste with a concentration of at least 1,000 ppm for effective caries reduction; (3) advise a 0.05% fluoride mouth rinse as soon as children can spit it out to prevent early childhood caries; (4) deliver professionally administered fluoride, such as 5% sodium fluoride varnish, 2% fluoride gel, or 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride preparations, to decrease dental caries in at-risk individuals; and (5) apply 38% silver diamine fluoride to arrest cavitated caries. These recommendations aim to help practitioners, health care providers, and parents/caregivers make informed decisions about fluoride use as part of comprehensive oral health care in the region.

DOI： 10.1016/j.identj.2024.04.016

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

ABSTRACT

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the intricate relationship between salivary IgA antibody levels to PAc (361–386) (PPA), mutans streptococci colonization, and root caries development in older adults.

Materials and Methods

This study included 307 participants aged 76 years residing in Niigata city, Japan. Clinical oral examinations were performed at baseline in 2004 and 1 year later, during which the total number of untreated and treated root caries was assessed using the root decayed, filled tooth (DFT) index. The stimulated saliva samples were collected using the spitting method during the baseline survey. Salivary IgA antibody levels to amino acid residues 361–386 of Streptococcus mutans PAc were quantified using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analyses, including the χ² test, Mann–Whitney U test, and logistic regressions, were performed to examine the association of increased root DFT with the independent variables.

Results

Among the 307 participants (53.1% men), the mean root DFT at baseline was 3.77 ± 3.66, and 36.5% of the study sample exhibited increased root DFT after 1 year with a mean increment of 0.36 ± 0.48. Participants with increase in root DFT after 1 year had significantly higher rates of low PPA levels (≤ 25th percentile) than those without increased root DFT (p = 0.020). Low PPA levels (≤ 25th percentile) were significantly more likely to have an increased risk of root caries development compared with PPA levels &gt; 25th percentile (adjusted OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.09–3.25).

Conclusion

Low PPA levels and root caries incidence correlated significantly, suggesting that low levels of salivary IgA antibody to PAc (361–386) may serve as a risk factor for increased root caries in older adults.

DOI： 10.1002/cre2.945

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

Abstract

Aims

This study aims to evaluate the periodontal status and its changes among Japanese older adults over a 10‐year period.

Methods and results

A total of 206 dentate older adults aged 70 years who completely participated in 10 years of oral examination were included. The community periodontal index (CPI) was used to assess the gingival and periodontal pocket status, while the loss of attachment (LA) scoring system was used to report the extensive LA. A higher score in CPI (Code 3 and Code 4) and more extensive attachment loss were found in a majority of participants. During follow‐up evaluation, mean number of sextants with CPI code 4 remained stable, while CPI code 3 significantly decreased particularly in male participants. Whereas, sextants without attachment loss significantly decreased on average. The mean number of missing sextants significantly increased from 1.1 to 1.9, and 5.8% of subjects had all sextants excluded in the follow‐up.

Conclusion

This study indicated that majority of the older people experienced severe periodontal disease and this condition remained stable during 10‐year period. Additionally, the incidence of tooth loss increased as individuals aged. Regular oral care and maintenance are highly recommended for older population.

DOI： 10.1111/scd.13043

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Language：English   Publisher：新潟歯学会  

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Silicon carbide fibers have superior flexural properties and chemical stability compared to glass fibers. We investigated the flexural strength and modulus of an experimental, short silicon carbide fiber-reinforced resin. Short silicon carbide fibers with lengths of ~0.5, 1, 2, and 3 mm were prepared and silanized. Urethane dimethacrylate and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate were mixed at a 70:30 wt% ratio and used as the matrix resins. Each length of short silicon carbide fibers and the matrix resin were combined using a mixing machine and then used for specimen preparation. The three-point bending test conditions were in accordance with ISO 4049:2009. The fracture surfaces of the specimens after the three-point bending test were observed using secondary electron images. The data were statistically analyzed with a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's HSD test (α = 0.05). The flexural strength and modulus of the specimens containing 2 mm or 3 mm silicon carbide fibers were significantly higher than the other specimens. The river pattern was observed more clearly in specimens containing shorter silicon carbide fibers, although this pattern was observed in all specimens.

DOI： 10.3390/jfb15020030

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

Abstract

Background

While research has explored the risk of periodontal disease in various eye conditions, the link between dry eye and periodontal disease remains underexplored, especially in Japanese adults. This study aims to investigate the association between dry eye and periodontal disease in community-dwelling Japanese adults.

Methods

This study is a subset of the Uonuma cohort study, which includes Japanese adults aged 40 years and older residing in the Uonuma area of Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Participants completed a self-administered, paper-based questionnaire. Statistical analyses, including the chi-square test, independent t test, ANOVA test, and logistic regressions, were employed to assess the association of periodontal disease with independent variables.

Results

Among 36,488 participants (average age 63.3 years, 47.4% men), 39.3% had a history of periodontal disease, and gender differences were statistically significant (p &lt; 0.001). Significant associations were found between periodontal disease and dry eye diagnosis or symptoms. Univariable logistic regression revealed links between periodontal disease and age, gender, living status, alcohol consumption, remaining teeth, bite molar availability, and history of dry eye disease or symptoms. Multiple-adjusted regression found that doctor-diagnosed dry eye was associated with a higher likelihood of periodontal disease (odds ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.22). Participants who never experienced dryness or foreign body sensation had lower ORs of periodontal disease than those who always experienced such symptoms across all models.

Conclusion

A significant correlation was found between dry eye and periodontal disease in Japanese adults. Regular check-ups, early detection, and effective management of both conditions are strongly recommended.

DOI： 10.1186/s12903-023-03773-7

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Other Link： https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12903-023-03773-7/fulltext.html

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)ジェフコーポレーション  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

The objective of this article is to discuss the importance of oral health in achieving healthy ageing and the role of all stakeholders in improving oral health for older adults. The World Health Organization defined healthy ageing as the process of developing and maintaining the functional ability that enables well-being in older age. It recognized healthy ageing as an important goal and the key to turn population ageing from a challenge to an opportunity. Healthy ageing has positive impacts on individual older adults, their families and societies. It enhances quality of life of older adults, strengthen family bonding of families and reduce resource demand of the societies. Maintaining oral health and function is essential in healthy ageing. Oral health affects systemic health, cognitive health and psychological health. Oral functions such as eating ensure nutritional health in older adults. Most oral diseases are preventable and oral function decline can be recovered by intervention. Unfortunately, oral diseases remain prevalent and oral function decline is being neglected in older adults. Policy makers, national dental associations, academics and healthcare professionals should collaborate to provide a patient-centred, comprehensive and integrated care to older adults. Health policy reforms are needed to reduce the global oral health inequalities in older adults. Population-wide prevention should be accessible, affordable and available to older adults. Universal oral health coverage is crucial for integration of oral health into general health care.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jds.2023.10.018

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PURPOSE: To investigate the association between plasma antibody levels against Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG) and atrial fibrillation (AF) history in community-dwelling older individuals in Japan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a subset of the Uonuma cohort study, including 3091 participants aged 60-79 years. Data were collected, including AF history as a dependent variable, plasma immunoglobulin G antibody levels against PG as an independent variable, and previously reported AF risk factors and demographic information as covariates. RESULTS: The median age of the participants was 69 years. Of the 3091 participants, 1411 (45.6%) were men, and 56 (1.8%) had an AF history. AF prevalence was significantly higher in participants with higher antibody levels against PG than in those with lower antibody levels (3.0% vs 1.4%; p = 0.005). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that participants with higher antibody levels against PG had twofold higher odds of having AF (odds ratio = 2.13; 95% confidence interval = 1.23-3.69). Restricted cubic spline analysis indicated a nonlinear relationship between antibody levels against PG and AF history. CONCLUSION: Plasma antibody levels against PG were associated with AF history in community-dwelling older individuals in Japan.

DOI： 10.3290/j.ohpd.b4528813

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

Abstract

Objectives

This study aims to evaluate the effects of socioeconomic, behavioral, and psychological factors on oral health status and oral health‐related quality of life in Myanmar adults.

Methods

Data were from a convenience sample of Myanmar adults who are from a township health center in Yangon city. Face‐to‐face interviews using a paper‐based questionnaire in the Myanmar language and clinical oral examinations were performed at the health center. Mann–Whitney U test and linear regressions were used to assess the association of socio‐demographic, behavioral, and psychological variables with oral health outcomes.

Results

In socio‐demographic variables, significant associations were observed in individual income with periodontal pocket and OHIP‐14, and history of COVID‐19 infection with OHIP‐14. However, there were no associations between behavioral factors and oral health outcomes. After adjustment for sex, age, educational level, and individual income, the depression subscale was statistically significant with the number of present teeth, decayed teeth, decayed, missing, and filled teeth, and OHIP‐14. The anxiety subscale remained significant with periodontal pocket, but no stress subscale was associated with oral health outcomes.

Conclusion

The experiences of oral health status were high, and the oral health‐related quality of life was unfavorable in Myanmar adults. A large proportion of them suffers from psychological distress. Additionally, individuals with lower income and who experienced a history of COVID‐19 infection were susceptible to poor oral health‐related quality of life. Psychological distress indicates a higher risk for oral health problems in Myanmar adults.

DOI： 10.1111/jphd.12585

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 3- to 5-year-old preschool children in Yangon City in 2016-2017 to investigate the association between their caries experience and maternal factors. Children’s oral examination and questionnaire surveys to their mothers were conducted. Children’s caries prevalence was 82.9% with mean dmft of 6.4 ± 4.9. Mean oral health knowledge score of their mothers was 8.5 ± 2.8. Mother’s educational level and oral health knowledge were significant predictors of childhood caries. Third- or later-born children were twice more likely to have dental caries than first-born children ( P = .022). Mother’s regular dental check-up resulted in significantly lower odds ratios for caries development in her child. Children’s caries experience was high and mother’s oral health knowledge regarding the importance of primary teeth was unsatisfactory. It is, therefore, necessary to improve awareness and attentiveness for prevention of childhood caries among parents and guardians in Myanmar.

DOI： 10.1177/10105395231197900

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Other Link： http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/10105395231197900

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the dental caries status of indicator age groups as mentioned in the WHO pathfinder methodology, compare caries experiences among those age groups according to gender and geographical location, and assess the association between dental caries and related risk factors in primary and permanent dentition. METHODS: A sample of 5928 participants aged 6, 12, 15-18, 35-44 and 60-74 years were recruited from 21 selected townships in the first Myanmar national oral health survey. Clinical oral examinations and questionnaire-based surveys were conducted from December 2016 to January 2017. RESULTS: The prevalence of dental caries in primary teeth was 85.3% with a mean dmft of 5.7 at age 6 years. The prevalence of dental caries in permanent teeth and mean DMFT were 36.5% and 0.8 at 12 years, 43.8% and 1.1 at 15-18 years, 64.7% and 3.0 at 35-44 years, and 93.6% and 11.5 at 60-74 years. Missing teeth were higher in 60-74-year-olds, with 27 participants being fully edentulous. There were significant differences in caries experiences between males and females aged 15-18, 35-44 and 60-74 years. In the adjusted logistic regression, consumption of sweets or candies three times or more a day showed significantly higher risks of dental caries in primary teeth. Age, gender, consumption of sweets or candies and consumption of sweet drinks were associated factors for dental caries in permanent teeth. CONCLUSION: The findings from the first national oral health survey indicate that caries in primary teeth is an important oral health problem for Myanmar children. Tooth loss was also found to be a concern in the aging population. National oral health policies and strategies need to be developed to promote awareness and understanding of oral health, in particular the role of risk factors such as sugary foods and drinks in tooth decay in children and adults.

DOI： 10.1111/cdoe.12896

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

(1) Background: The aim of this study is to review the benefits of the 8020 Campaign since its inception. (2) Methods: We followed the PRISMA guideline and collected information regarding the 8020 Campaign through online database searches. (3) Results: Twenty-five studies met the inclusion criteria and were eligible for analysis. The main outcomes of the 25 included studies were reviewed. The quality evaluation demonstrated a range of studies showing a credible relationship between masticatory function, number of teeth, salivary secretion, frequent dental check-ups, and general health concerns. Due to the risk of bias, publication bias, and indirectness, 22 studies were considered that only had “fair” quality. (4) Conclusions: The 8020 Foundation funded several of the studies, and other research papers noted the 8020 Campaign in their papers, however there were no clear explanations for any direct relationship between their findings and the 8020 Campaign. As a result, evidence for the direct effectiveness and benefits assessment of the 8020 Campaign positive outcomes were compromised by confounding social and economic variables over the 30-year period. To fully elucidate how improvement in Japan’s oral health was directly related to the 8020 Campaign, a more informed and systematic explanation of the campaign’s structure and activities is required.

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph20031883

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Georg Thieme Verlag KG  

Abstract

Introduction The associations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) with reduced saliva flow rates have not been previously reported.

Objective The present study aimed to assess the association of cholesterolemia with reduced saliva flow rates in community-dwelling elderly subjects.

Methods The present study analyzed 342 participants (170 males and 172 females aged between 78 and 79 years old). Unstimulated salivary flow rate (USFR) was assessed using a cotton roll method. Low-USFR was defined as 0.10 g/30 seconds. Stimulated salivary flow rate (SSFR) was assessed by having the participants chew tasteless gum for 3 minutes. Low-SSFR was defined as 1.0 mL/minute. Blood samples were collected for the measurement of LDL-C, HDL-C, rheumatoid factor, hemoglobin A1c, and creatinine. To assess depression, the General Health Questionnaire 30 was used. A standardized questionnaire was completed, covering the current and previous medications of the participants and smoking status. We stratified the serum LDL-C levels of the participants as normal, moderate or severe hyper-LDL cholesterolemia and serum HDL-C levels as normal or hypo-HDL cholesterolemia. Multivariate logistic regression models were established and low-USFR or low-SSFR were set as dependent variables in the aforementioned models.

Results After controlling for the effects of the other variables, the odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for low-USFR were 2.25 (1.10–4.61) for moderate and 5.69 (1.55–20.8) for severe hyper-LDL cholesterolemia, while that of hypo-HDL cholesterolemia was 3.40 (1.33–8.69). Severe hyper-LDL cholesterolemia was also associated with low-SSFR with an OR of 3.89 (1.39–10.88).

Conclusion Elderly patients with cholesterolemia have a risk of reduced salivary flow rate.

DOI： 10.1055/s-0042-1744167

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Medknow  

Abstract

Periodontal disease is quite common in many developing countries, but no nationally representative data on periodontal disease is available in Myanmar until 2016. A nationwide cross-sectional survey with a stratified two-stage sampling method was conducted among 4668 participants aged 12–74 years. Periodontal assessments and self-administered questionnaire surveys were conducted to assess the periodontal status and risk factors in the Myanmar population using data from the first national oral health survey in 2016–2017. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were performed to assess the prevalence of periodontitis and its association with potential risk factors. The prevalence of gingivitis was 38.2%, 41.5%, 44.4%, and 43.7% in 12, 15–18, 35–44, and 60–74 year-olds, respectively. The prevalence of periodontitis in the latter three age groups was 2.3%, 16.3%, and 35.2%, respectively. After adjusting for other risk factors, younger participants aged 15–18 years (odds ratio [OR]: 0.1, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.0–0.2) and aged 35–44 years (OR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.3–0.5) were less likely to have periodontitis. Moreover, participants educated upto junior high school level (OR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1–2.7), primary school and below level (OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2–3.2), everyday smokers (OR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.3–2.0), and everyday tobacco chewers (OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2–1.8) were associated with increased risk of periodontitis. Periodontal complications were prevalent in Myanmar older adults. Prevention efforts should focus on tobacco control and oral hygiene.

DOI： 10.4103/who-seajph.who-seajph_177_22

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

The study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of dental caries on primary teeth and to evaluate the cariogenic bacteria in dental plaque and saliva among Myanmar schoolchildren. A cross-sectional study was undertaken among 264 schoolchildren from three primary schools in the urban area of Yangon city in 2019. Clinical oral examinations, caries risk tests, and questionnaire surveys were conducted. Overall caries prevalence was 84.1% with a mean decayed, missing, filled primary teeth (dmft) count of 5.84 ± 4.57. Children’s caries experience and debris scores were significantly associated with their bacteria score level. Father’s occupation was significantly associated with caries prevalence ( P = .024) and dmft ( P = .021). Father’s occupation, snack types, habit of eating sweet food combinations, drink types, and debris score were five significant predictors of dental caries in our study. Dental caries is currently a public health problem among Myanmar children. Caries experience and oral hygiene status were strongly influenced by cariogenic bacteria.

DOI： 10.1177/10105395221139347

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

OBJECTIVES: The oral cavity functions in eating, speaking, socializing, and serving as a natural barrier to external pathogens. In the prevention of oral function decline in older people, oral health conditions should be maintained through public health actions. METHODS: This article discusses public health actions to prevent oral functional decline through addressing three major issues among older people: tooth loss, hyposalivation, and oral cancer. Negative impacts of tooth loss, hyposalivation, and oral cancer will be described, followed by describing public health approaches to prevent these problems RESULTS: Tooth loss, commonly caused by dental caries and periodontal diseases, affects one's ability to eat, speak, and socialize freely. Prevention of tooth loss can be done in clinical settings, community settings, and through national policies. Saliva plays an important role in eating, swallowing, and protecting oral mucosa from pathogens. The major causes of dry mouth are polypharmacy and the use of anticholinergic medications among older people. Public health actions to promote collaboration between dentists and doctors in the adjustment of drug prescriptions are warranted. Oral cancer can affect oral function largely both from the disease itself and from cancer treatments due to the destruction of oral structures and salivary gland function. Tobacco use and alcohol consumption are major risk factors for oral cancer; they also contribute to various systemic diseases and cancers of other organs. CONCLUSIONS: Public health policies and interventions using the common risk factor approaches to tackle tobacco and alcohol consumption should be encouraged. Rather than focusing on older people, the prevention of oral function decline should be planned through a life-course perspective.

DOI： 10.1016/j.identj.2022.05.008

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会  

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Several epidemiological studies have reported that smokers have a higher prevalence and severity of periodontal disease than do nonsmokers, and that smoking negatively affects nutritional status and is associated with a reduced intake of antioxidants, particularly vitamin C. The present investigation aimed to examine the relationship between serum vitamin C levels and smoking and its influence on the periodontal condition in older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 353 respondents met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the present study. The periodontal status of the study participants was determined through examinations of one or more residual teeth, which included a measurement of the probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) at six regions of each tooth. Blood samples were collected during the dental examinations and then sent to a laboratory to evaluate serum vitamin C and cotinine levels. A serum cotinine concentration of 100 ng/ml was considered a relevant threshold for active smoking. After dividing the participants into two groups according to serum cotinine levels, Poisson regression analysis was carried out to compare vitamin C levels with the prevalence rate ratio (PRR) for periodontal condition markers for each group based on serum cotinine levels. RESULTS: We evaluated differences in the PRR of serum vitamin C tertiles between participants with high (≥100 ng/ml) or low (<100 ng/ml) serum cotinine levels after adjusting for sex, the use of interdental brushes or dental floss, and the number of teeth. A negative tendency between the PRR of vitamin C tertiles for the PPD or CAL was seen for both groups. Especially, a bigger difference was observed in the group with high serum cotinine levels. The PRR of the first tertiles in the high serum cotinine group was 5.03, compared with 2.69 in the low serum cotinine group (relative risk: 1.9). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest a potential association between vitamin C levels and the periodontal condition, which may be influenced by smoking status.

DOI： 10.1111/jre.12988

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会  

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to determine the relationship between dentition, mastication, salivation and nutritional intake in 90-year-old Japanese people. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 84 participants (39 men and 45 women) aged 90 years. We used questionnaires to collect demographic information, smoking status, nutritional intake and higher-level functional capacity. Nutritional intake was assessed using the validated Brief-Type Self-Administered Diet History Questionnaire, and higher-level functional capacity was assessed using the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence (TMIG-IC) questionnaire. Oral examinations, masticatory performance tests, stimulated salivary flow rate (SSF) tests, blood tests, blood pressure tests and body mass index (BMI) assessments were conducted. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: Multivariable linear regression analyses adjusted for sex, education, TMIG-IC and BMI ≤20 kg/m2 showed that participants with masticatory performance <173 mg/dL had lower intake of folic acid and vitamin A than those with masticatory performance ≥173 mg/dL. SSF was positively associated with intake of vitamin A. The number of teeth was positively associated with the intake of β-carotene. With smaller effect sizes, masticatory performance, SSF and number of teeth were also associated with the intake of various micronutrients and carbohydrates. CONCLUSION: Lower masticatory performance, lower SSF and fewer teeth were associated with a lower intake of several micronutrients, such as vitamin A, β-carotene and folic acids, in Japanese individuals of advanced age. Oral health practitioners should pay careful attention to the nutritional intake of older people with poor mastication, dry mouth and severe tooth loss.

DOI： 10.1111/ger.12627

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Other Link： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/ger.12627

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/default/link?pub_year=2022&ichushi_jid=J05002&link_issn=&doc_id=20220407490004&doc_link_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkuhs.repo.nii.ac.jp%2Frecords%2F184&url=https%3A%2F%2Fkuhs.repo.nii.ac.jp%2Frecords%2F184&type=%E7%A5%9E%E5%A5%88%E5%B7%9D%E7%9C%8C%E7%AB%8B%E4%BF%9D%E5%81%A5%E7%A6%8F%E7%A5%89%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%EF%BC%9A%E7%A5%9E%E5%A5%88%E5%B7%9D%E7%9C%8C%E7%AB%8B%E4%BF%9D%E5%81%A5%E7%A6%8F%E7%A5%89%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%A9%9F%E9%96%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%83%9D%E3%82%B8%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F80266_3.gif

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PURPOSE: To investigate the anti-caries effects of the school-based fluoride varnish (FV) application at 3-month intervals and ?weekly fluoride mouthrins?ing? (FMR) ?on primary teeth and to evaluate the anti-microbial effects of FV or FMR on cariogenic bacteria among Myanmar children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 6-month interventional study was conducted on 234 schoolchildren who were divided into three groups: group A received FV application at 3-month intervals, group B received weekly FMR,? and group C received no fluoride application. A clinical oral examination and caries risk tests were performed at baseline and the 6-month follow-up. RESULTS: Caries prevalence and ?the debris score did not change statistically significantly from baseline to the 6-month follow-up in all groups, whereas the dmfs score statistically significantly increased in group C (p = 0.001). The plaque and saliva scores of Dentocult SM statistically significantly decreased in group A (p = 0.049 and p = 0.006), but those scores statistically significantly increased in group C (p = 0.001 and p = 0.014) after six months. On the other hand, no statistically significant changes were observed in group B. Although the Cariostat scores decreased from baseline to the 6-month follow-up in group A and group B, but increased in group C, no statistically significant differences were observed in any of the groups. CONCLUSION: Better anti-microbial effects were obtained for children who received FV application than for those who received FMR, but no statistically significant difference existed between the anti-caries effects of these two approaches.

DOI： 10.3290/j.ohpd.b2960285

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OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between underweight and early childhood caries (ECC) among children aged one to three years in rural Cambodia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 200 Cambodian children aged one to three years at several villages in Kampong Cham province participated in this study. The children whose Z scores were below two and three standard deviations were considered as moderately-underweight and severely-underweight. Children whose mid-upper arm circumstance (MUAC) was below 12.5 cm, were regarded as having malnutrition. ECC was recorded following the WHO guidelines. Associated factors were obtained through interviews with caregivers. RESULTS: 33.5% and 7.0% of the children were identified as being moderately-underweight and severely-underweight, respectively. The prevalence of ECC was 61.5%. ECC was significantly associated with children being moderately-underweight (P < 0.05). The prevalence of ECC was higher prevalence of those who with severely-underweight, although significant differences were not observed (P = 0.054). Logistic regressions showed that those with low birth weight (OR = 2.57; 95% CI = 1.03-6.40) and malnutrition (OR = 4.71; 95% CI = 1.08-20.62) were likely to be moderately-underweight and severely-underweight, whereas those who with ECC had more moderately-underweight, although it was not significant (OR = 2.21; 95% CI = 0.97-5.00). Those with low birth weight (OR = 10.68; 95% CI = 2.95-38.65) and ECC (OR = 6.67; 95% CI = 1.02-43.61) were likely to be severely-underweight. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that low birth weight, malnutrition and ECC were associated factors of underweight in this population.

DOI： 10.1038/s41405-021-00089-y

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟歯学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟歯学会  

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/default/link?pub_year=2021&ichushi_jid=J00440&link_issn=&doc_id=20210813270002&doc_link_id=%2Fdk1dehea%2F2021%2F007103%2F002%2F0136-0146%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdk1dehea%2F2021%2F007103%2F002%2F0136-0146%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

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OBJECTIVES: Root surface caries experience tends to increase with age. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the relationship between aspects of dietary intake, including milk and sucrose in coffee or tea (SCT), and root surface caries in older Japanese individuals. METHODS: 303 community-dwelling older individuals (age 75 years) were enrolled for analysis. All participants underwent a dental examination at baseline and then annually from 2003 to 2008 (ie six times over a 5-year period). A disease event was considered to have occurred when root surface caries was detected on a previously sound or nonexposed root surface. Over the observation period, disease events in each year were counted. Dietary habits during the preceding month were evaluated using a brief self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ) in 2003 and 2008. Poisson regression analysis performed crude and adjusted increment-rate ratios (IRRs) for root surface caries and the intake of milk and SCT. RESULTS: The adjusted increment-rate ratio (IRR) of the increment of root surface caries for participants in the highest SCT tertile was 1.72 (95%CI: 1.40-2.14) compared with the referent group. In addition, for the amount of milk intake, the adjusted IRR in the highest tertile was 0.63 (95% CI: 0.51-0.78) compared with the referent group. CONCLUSIONS: Much SCT and low milk intake were associated with the increment of root surface caries in community-dwelling older people in Japan. These findings suggest that to help prevent root surface caries, community-dwelling older people in Japan should consume adequate amounts of milk daily and limit their intake of SCT.

DOI： 10.1111/cdoe.12602

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential association between periodontitis and arterial stiffness among the older Japanese population. BACKGROUND: The prevalence of periodontitis is increasing in Japanese older adults. Arterial stiffness increases the risks of cardiovascular events and death, morbidity, and dementia. METHODS: This secondary analysis of data from a cross-sectional study evaluated the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), reflecting the amount of inflamed periodontal tissue that was estimated by a full-mouth periodontal examination. Severe periodontitis was defined per the parameters provided by the Centers for Disease Control/American Academy of Periodontology. The Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) was used for measuring the overall stiffness of the artery, and higher CAVI indicated increased arterial stiffness. An ordinal logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between periodontitis and arterial stiffness. RESULTS: The analysis included 185 Japanese adults [35% men; age, mean (standard deviation) 80.2 (4.4) years]. The average PISA and the prevalence of severe periodontitis were 64.4 mm2 and 27.6%, respectively; 54 (29.2%), 56 (30.3%), and 75 (40.5%) participants were stratified to the CAVI < 9, 9 ≤ CAVI <10, and CAVI ≥ 10 groups, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds ratio of the prevalence and severity of arterial stiffness evaluated using CAVI was 1.06 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01 to 1.10] for PISA per 10 mm2 and 2.12 (95% CI 1.09 to 4.11) for severe periodontitis. CONCLUSION: Periodontitis was associated with arterial stiffness among Japanese older adults. Further studies are needed to investigate whether arterial stiffness is an intermediate factor in the pathway between periodontitis and systemic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and dementia.

DOI： 10.1111/jre.12835

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PURPOSE: To investigate the associations between early childhood caries (ECC) and maternal factors among 18- to 36-month-old children in one rural province of Cambodia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 121 mother-child pairs (male = 67, female = 54; mean age = 25.18 ± 6.24 months) were recruited at several villages in Stueng Trang district, Kampong Cham province. ECC and maternal caries experience were recorded following WHO guidelines. Maternal factors such as literacy and socioeconomic status, as well as child-rearing behaviours, were assessed through an interview questionnaire of the mothers. RESULTS: ECC and maternal caries prevalence were 54.5% and 84.3%, respectively. Statistically significant associations were found between ECC and: breast-feeding after 18 months; sugary food and beverage intake for the child (p < 0.05); maternal caries experience; illiteracy; night-time breastfeeding, bottle feeding, and late introduction of toothbrushing for the child (p < 0.01). A logistic regression revealed that ECC was more common in children whose mothers had DMFT > 0 (OR = 4.08; 95% CI =1.13-14.75; p = 0.032), children whose mothers were illiterate (OR = 8.21; 95% CI = 1.67-40.85; p = 0.009), children who had night-time breastfeeding after 18 months (OR = 2.76; 95% CI = 1.06-7.19; p = 0.037), and children for whom toothbrushing was introduced after 18 months (OR = 2.87; 95% CI = 1.03-7.97; p = 0.042). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that maternal caries experience and illiteracy, as well as a range of child-rearing behaviours including prolonged night-time breastfeeding and late introduction of toothbrushing were indicators for ECC in this population.

DOI： 10.3290/j.ohpd.a45438

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OBJECTIVES: The WHO World Health Assembly established in 2007 a Resolution (WHA60.17) on oral health, which called upon countries to ensure that public health actions for disease prevention and health promotion are established. The objective of the present survey undertaken 10 years later (2017-2018) was to measure the application of such programmes for key population age groups in low-, middle- and high-income countries. METHODS: Oral health focal points of ministries of health worldwide (n = 101) answered a structured questionnaire on existing national oral health systems and the actual public health activities. The response rate was 58.4%. The questionnaire was used to collect information about structural factors, country workforce, financial models, provision of preventive services and promotion for oral health, school health programmes, administration of fluoride, national oral health targets and oral health surveillance. The countries were classified by national income for analysis of data. RESULTS: Coverage of population groups by primary oral health care and emergency care varied by national income. The gap between countries in delivery of preventive care was strong since low-income countries less often reported preventive activities than middle-income countries and particularly when compared to high-income countries. School oral health programmes were less frequent in low-income than other countries. Moreover, population methods of fluoridation and use of fluoridated toothpaste were unusual in low-income countries. Health education, mass communication and community events were often essential elements in health promotion. In disease prevention, many countries considered the link between oral health and general health conditions and intervention towards shared risk factors of NCDs. The health concern for the consumption of tobacco, unhealthy diet and sugars was particularly emphasized by high-income countries but less highlighted by low-income countries. Finally, while national oral health targets for children and surveillance systems were frequently reported by countries, similar systems for adolescents, adults and older people were rare. CONCLUSIONS: The inequities between countries in oral disease prevention and health promotion were substantial. Limited financial resources for preventive care and health promotion; inadequate workforce for oral health, and insufficient coverage in primary health care were observed in low-resource countries. The results of the survey demonstrate the need for building effective oral health systems oriented towards oral disease prevention and health promotion.

DOI： 10.1111/cdoe.12538

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier Ltd  

DOI： 10.1016/j.pdj.2019.11.003

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OBJECTIVES: Few studies have examined the effect of sucrose intake in coffee or tea (SCT) on dental caries, especially root caries, in elderly people. The purpose of the present study was to examine the associations between SCT and the prevalence of root or coronal caries in community-dwelling elderly Japanese. METHODS: Participants were 370 elders aged 75 years from a larger cohort study of elders in Niigata City, Japan. Dietary habits during the preceding month were assessed with a validated brief self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ). The caries examination was conducted using mirror and ball-pointed periodontal probes under artificial light. Poisson regression analysis was performed to analyze the prevalence-rate ratios (PRRs) between SCT and the root or coronal caries. The number of root or coronal caries was selected as the dependent variable for the analysis. Then, SCT (tertiles labeled low, medium and high) and other 4 variables were selected as independent variables. RESULTS: The PRRs between the number of root caries lesions and SCT were signifi cantly higher in the second (medium intake, 1.38, p ⟨ 0.001) and third tertiles (high intake, 2.07, p ⟨ 0.001). Similar tendencies were seen for the number of coronal caries lesions (PRRs in the second and third tertiles 1.74 and 2.46, respectively, both p ⟨ 0.001). CONCLUSION: A significant positive relationship was observed between sucrose in coffee and tea and the number of coronal or root caries lesions in community-dwelling elderly Japanese.

DOI： 10.1922/CDH_00011Yoshihara05

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Resolution of dysbiosis following treatment for periodontal disease and tobacco dependence has been reported in longitudinal intervention studies. In the present report, we evaluated the biological findings regarding the effect of smoking on the periodontal microbiome. A standardized electronic search was conducted using MEDLINE; overall, 1099 papers were extracted. Studies that addressed the relationship between tobacco and periodontal pathogens were included. Finally, 42 papers were deemed appropriate for the present review. Functional changes in periodontal pathogens exposed to nicotine and cigarette smoke extract support the clinical findings regarding dysbiosis of the subgingival microbiome. Dysbiosis of the periodontal microbiome was presented in smokers regardless of their periodontal condition (healthy, gingivitis, or periodontitis) and remained significant only in smokers even after the resolution of experimentally-induced gingivitis and following reduction of clinical signs of periodontitis with non-surgical periodontal treatment and over 3 months post-therapy. Based on these findings, smoking cessation in periodontitis patients is beneficial for promoting a health-compatible subgingival microbial community. To maximize the benefits of these interventions in dental settings, further studies on periodontal microbiome are needed to elucidate the impact of tobacco intervention on preventing recurrence of periodontal destruction in the susceptible subjects.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jdsr.2019.03.002

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2019&ichushi_jid=J00440&link_issn=&doc_id=20190807110003&doc_link_id=%2Fdk1dehea%2F2019%2F006903%2F003%2F0131-0138%26dl%3D0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdk1dehea%2F2019%2F006903%2F003%2F0131-0138%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Identification of modifiable factors for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is important since individuals with MCI are at a high risk of dementia and disability. Previous studies have suggested a potential association between periodontitis and cognitive impairment, but the results remain inconclusive. We designed a 5-year longitudinal study to explore the association between MCI and periodontitis and periodontal inflammation in older adults. METHODS: This study included 179 community-dwelling dentate individuals (62 men and 117 women, average age: 80.1 years). A full-mouth periodontal examination at six sites per tooth was performed at baseline. Case definitions provided by the European Workshop in Periodontology Group C (EWP definition) and the Centers for Disease Control/American Academy of Periodontology (CDC/AAP definition) were used to define severe periodontitis. Additionally, the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), reflecting the amount of inflamed periodontal tissue, was calculated using clinical periodontal parameters. Follow-up cognitive examinations for MCI diagnosis were performed by neurologists 1, 2, 3, and 5 years after baseline. Odds ratios (ORs) for MCI according to the presence of periodontitis and periodontal inflammation at baseline were calculated using multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression. RESULTS: At baseline, 56.4% and 27.4% of the participants had severe periodontitis by the EWP and CDC/AAP definitions, respectively. After adjusting for follow-up period and other baseline health characteristics (age, sex, smoking status, educational level, physical activity level, obesity, depression, and diabetes), severe periodontitis by either definition was significantly associated with MCI (for the EWP definition: adjusted OR = 3.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.45-8.87; for the CDC/AAP definition: adjusted OR = 2.61, 95% CI = 1.08-6.28). Periodontal inflammation assessed by PISA was also significantly associated with a higher OR for MCI (adjusted OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.01-1.10, per 10-mm2 increase in PISA). CONCLUSION: Severe periodontitis and periodontal inflammation were associated with incident MCI among older community-dwelling men and women.

DOI： 10.1111/jre.12623

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Identification of modifiable factors for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is important since individuals with MCI are at a high risk of dementia and disability. Previous studies have suggested a potential association between periodontitis and cognitive impairment, but the results remain inconclusive. We designed a 5-year longitudinal study to explore the association between MCI and periodontitis and periodontal inflammation in older adults. METHODS: This study included 179 community-dwelling dentate individuals (62 men and 117 women, average age: 80.1 years). A full-mouth periodontal examination at six sites per tooth was performed at baseline. Case definitions provided by the European Workshop in Periodontology Group C (EWP definition) and the Centers for Disease Control/American Academy of Periodontology (CDC/AAP definition) were used to define severe periodontitis. Additionally, the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), reflecting the amount of inflamed periodontal tissue, was calculated using clinical periodontal parameters. Follow-up cognitive examinations for MCI diagnosis were performed by neurologists 1, 2, 3, and 5 years after baseline. Odds ratios (ORs) for MCI according to the presence of periodontitis and periodontal inflammation at baseline were calculated using multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression. RESULTS: At baseline, 56.4% and 27.4% of the participants had severe periodontitis by the EWP and CDC/AAP definitions, respectively. After adjusting for follow-up period and other baseline health characteristics (age, sex, smoking status, educational level, physical activity level, obesity, depression, and diabetes), severe periodontitis by either definition was significantly associated with MCI (for the EWP definition: adjusted OR = 3.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.45-8.87; for the CDC/AAP definition: adjusted OR = 2.61, 95% CI = 1.08-6.28). Periodontal inflammation assessed by PISA was also significantly associated with a higher OR for MCI (adjusted OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.01-1.10, per 10-mm2 increase in PISA). CONCLUSION: Severe periodontitis and periodontal inflammation were associated with incident MCI among older community-dwelling men and women.

DOI： 10.1111/jre.12623

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PURPOSE: The influence of occlusal deterioration on mortality may be incorrectly estimated due to improvements in the occlusal condition with prosthetics or deterioration without prosthetics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of occlusion cross-sectional status and longitudinal changes considering prosthetics for subsequent all-cause mortality in an elderly population. METHODS: Two dental examinations, in 1999 and 2003, were conducted in 378 subjects aged 71 years old in 1999. Annual follow-ups to check survival information were performed until 2011. The Eichner index (EI), based on tooth contacts between the maxilla and mandible in the bilateral molar regions, was used as a measurement of occlusal condition. Three modified EIs, EI-o (ie, original EI), EI-f adding contacts by fixed prosthetic appliances, and EI-r adding contacts by all prosthetics, were used. For survival analysis, the survival period was calculated from the last dental examination (in 2003) to death or censoring. RESULTS: In Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, a deterioration in EI-f was a significant risk factor for stability (HR = 2.56, P = 0.018) after adjusting for potential confounders. However, occlusal conditions in 2003 did not have an influence on subsequent mortality and the occlusal losses of almost all subjects were at least partially recovered by removable prosthetics. CONCLUSION: This study clarified that prosthetic dental care may reduce the influence of occlusal loss on mortality and that an event such as a large occlusal loss unrecoverable with fixed prosthesis alone at an older age may increase risk of death in Japanese elderly subjects.

DOI： 10.1111/ger.12394

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DOI： 10.1111/cdoe.12362

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DOI： 10.1111/ger.12319

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AIM: To evaluate the longitudinal association of combined healthy lifestyle factors with incidence or progression of periodontitis and tooth loss in older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This 6-year study included 374 Japanese 70-year olds with 7,157 teeth, from a source eligible baseline population of 554 individuals. Four lifestyle factors-cigarette smoking, physical activity, relative weight, and dietary quality-were scored as healthy (1 point) or unhealthy (0 point). Adding the individual scores generated the "healthy lifestyle score" (0-4 points). Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models were applied to evaluate tooth-specific associations between the baseline healthy lifestyle score and the incidence or progression of periodontitis (increase in clinical attachment loss ≥3 mm) and tooth loss. RESULTS: After 6 years, 19.0% of the teeth exhibited periodontitis incidence or progression and 8.2% were lost. Compared with a healthy lifestyle score of 0-1 (least healthy), the highest score (4 points) was associated with a significantly lower tooth-specific risk of periodontitis (adjusted odds ratio = 0.32; 95% confidence interval: 0.16-0.62) and tooth loss (adjusted odds ratio = 0.42; 95% confidence interval: 0.23-0.77). CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous adherence to multiple healthy lifestyle factors significantly lowers the risk of incidence or progression of periodontitis and tooth loss in older adults.

DOI： 10.1111/jcpe.12920

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DOI： 10.1111/cdoe.12353

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DOI： 10.3290/j.ohpd.a40309

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2018&ichushi_jid=J00440&link_issn=&doc_id=20180515200001&doc_link_id=%2Fdk1dehea%2F2018%2F006802%2F001%2F0068-0075%26dl%3D0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdk1dehea%2F2018%2F006802%2F001%2F0068-0075%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Language：Japanese   Publisher：深井保健科学研究所  

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DOI： 10.1111/idj.12347

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<p>The oral health of elderly people is not only important in the maintenance of solid nutrition and articulation but also for their quality of life (QOL). The presence of ≥20 teeth is one of the criteria in the maintenance of the oral function and general health. In 2015, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan announced the guideline called "Healthy Diet", which supports the longevity of Japanese people. We examined the association between the presence of ≥20 teeth and healthy diet among 75-year-old people. This study included 338 people aged 75 years who participated in the Niigata Elderly Study (2003), in which oral examination, medical checkup, and a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ) survey had been carried out. A healthy dietary pattern was defined according to Japan's healthy diet guideline. The healthy diet assumes that one meal consists of three main dishes: grain dish, fish or meat dish, and vegetable dish. For each dish, there are lower and upper limits on the amount of food consumed per meal. For this reason, we set the per-day lower limit as equal to three times the lower limit for a meal. In this study, the sufficiency group satisfied all three dish divisions (i.e., those who achieved a healthy dietary pattern), and the insufficiency group did not meet at least one dish division. The association between the presence of ≥20 teeth and a healthy dietary pattern was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. As a result, individuals with ≥20 teeth had significantly higher odds of having a healthy dietary pattern (adjusted odds ratio, 1.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.1–2.6). In conclusion, our results suggest that there is a relationship between the presence of ≥20 teeth and meal patterns in elderly people.</p>

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.67.3_172

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2017356870

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DOI： 10.1093/heapro/daw077

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DOI： 10.1111/joor.12460

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/default/link?pub_year=2017&ichushi_jid=J00447&link_issn=&doc_id=20170106170004&doc_link_id=10.11477%2Fmf.1401208584&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.11477%2Fmf.1401208584&type=%E5%8C%BB%E6%9B%B8.jp_%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BB%E3%82%B9&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00024_2.gif

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わが国の歯科医師・歯科衛生士の国家試験出題基準および教育モデルには、タバコ使用に関する医療面接および使用介入の内容が掲載されている。喫煙率の低下目標の達成に資するために、世界のタバコ使用介入の歯科教育の文献レビューを行った。また、タバコ使用介入の歯科卒前教育への提言を行った。日本のタバコ使用中止介入の教育実態および教育者の意識の把握により、行動目標の基盤となる介入レベルの判断や教育モデルの策定が行われる必要があると思われた。

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DOI： 10.1111/joor.12427

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DOI： 10.1922/CDH_Petersen03

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DOI： 10.1922/CDH_3629Petersen05

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Epidemiologic data examining the relationship between oral health status and cognitive status are sparse, especially in Asian populations. This study aimed to assess whether periodontal disease and tooth loss were related to cognitive impairment among older Japanese. Study participants were 291 Japanese (101 men and 190 women, average age: 80.9 years), classified into three groups based on a clinical examination of oral health status: no periodontal disease, periodontal disease, and edentulous. Periodontal disease was defined using criteria recommended in the consensus report of the European Workshop in Periodontology with a modification. Cognitive impairment was defined using the results of the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and Hasegawa Dementia Scale-Revised (HDS-R) scores. Multivariable logistic regression analyses assessed the relationship of the three-category oral health status variable (reference category = no periodontal disease) with low MMSE score (≤23) and low HDS-R score (≤20). Age, gender, years of education, body mass index, smoking status, drinking behavior, and history of cardiovascular disease were tested as potential confounders in the multivariable models. Periodontal disease and edentulous were significantly associated with greater odds of low cognitive performance after controlling for potential confounders. The multivariable adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for low MMSE score associated with periodontal disease and edentulous were 2.21 (1.01-4.84) and 2.28 (1.06-4.90), respectively. The multivariable adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for low HDS-R score associated with periodontal disease and edentulous were 4.85 (1.29-18.15) and 3.86 (1.05-14.20), respectively. Poor oral health status was significantly associated with cognitive impairment among community-dwelling older Japanese. Additional well-controlled longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate whether there may be a possible cause-and-effect relationship between oral health status and cognitive function.

DOI： 10.1002/cre2.2

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DOI： 10.1922/CDH_3502Iwasaki07

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DOI： 10.1111/cdoe.12146

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DOI： 10.1007/s10266-014-0171-4

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DOI： 10.1111/jre.12190

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DOI： 10.5897/JDOH2014.0142.

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DOI： 10.1016/j.jdsr.2015.03.003

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The association between adipokines and inflammatory periodontal diseases has been studied over the last two decades. This review was intended to explore the observation that periodontal therapy may lead to an improvement of adipokines in diabetic patients. In summary, substantial evidence suggests that diabetes is associated with increased prevalence, extent and severity of periodontitis. Numerous mechanisms have been elucidated to explain the impact of diabetes on the periodontium. However, current knowledge concerning the role of major adipokines indicates only some of their associations with the pathogenesis of periodontitis in type 2 diabetes. Conversely, treatment of periodontal disease and reduction of oral inflammation may have positive effects on the diabetic condition, although evidence for this remains somewhat equivocal.

DOI： 10.4239/wjd.v5.i6.924

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DOI： 10.1111/joor.12083

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DOI： 10.1111/ggi.12006

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DOI： 10.1016/j.jdsr.2012.11.005

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DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2011.00425.x

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DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2012.00451.x

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DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2011.00648.x

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DOI： 10.1922/CDH_2711Petersen11

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DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2010.01565.x

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DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2008.01359.x

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DOI： 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2008.05.009

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DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2008.01085.x

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DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2008.01215.x

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DOI： 10.1177/154405910708601118

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The present study was carried out to assess the efficiency of the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and Loss of Attachment (LA) as well as to evaluate periodontal disease progression for 5 years in community-dwelling elderly aged 70 years. A total of 313 selected subjects received a full mouth examination at six sites around the teeth for assessing gingival bleeding, dental calculus, periodontal pocketing, and the level of epithelial attachment. All data were modified in CPI and LA classification according to the WHO Oral Health Basic Method, 4th edition. Comparisons were made between full mouth recording and partial 10 index teeth recording to indicate the % of subjects and sextants according to each category of CPI and LA. As a result, 93.7% of subjects were diagnosed as CPI-1 or higher score by partial recording, while 97.4% were diagnosed as such by full mouth recording. The percentage of LA-1 and higher sextants by partial recording was 66.9%, as compared to 78.8% by full mouth recording. Sensitivities of CPI and LA between the two different recordings were also relatively reasonable, with 76.1% for CPI-3 and higher, and 84.9% for LA-1 and higher. The percentage of subjects with PD 6+mm increased up to 51.7%, while that for LA 9+mm was 43.2% for the five years. Our results may suggest that CPI and LA in an original 10 index teeth examination would be useful to promote a better oral health status for elderly people in monitoring periodontal disease progression.

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.57.1_28

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2007146356

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DOI： 10.1016/j.jdent.2006.01.001

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DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2005.00901.x

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DOI： 10.1902/jop.2005.76.12.2187

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DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2005.00834

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DOI： 10.1902/jop.2005.76.2.250

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DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2004.00643.x

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and intraoral distribution of root caries in the elderly, and to identify the association between root caries and coronal caries. Six hundred noninstitutionalized adults aged 70 years in Niigata, Japan were examined for their oral status and general health status. A total of 544 subjects identified as dentate was available for assessment. The prevalence of root caries was evaluated as the percentage of the subjects with one or more root caries and the mean number of teeth with root caries. The intraoral distribution was evaluated a...

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.53.5_592

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Asia-Pacific Academic Consortium for Public Health  

DOI： 10.1177/101053950301500207

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DOI： 10.1034/j.1600-051X.2002.290702.x

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate sampling bias caused by present teeth or general health condition in an oral health survey of elderly subjects. A mailed questionnaire survey was carried out for residents of Niigata City who were 70 or 80 years old, investigating the number of present teeth, general health condition and intention to participate in an oral examination. Follow-up mailings were sent once to non-respondents. The response rate was increased from 60.4% to 79.5% by the follow-up mailing. A telephone survey was carried out for subjects who didn&#039;t answer the questionnaire. ...

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.50.3_322

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本学歯学部附属病院の通院・受診しやすい環境づくりを考える上で疾病治療ならびに健康状態の主観的改善,そして医師の技能や説明には高い信頼と評価が得られたものの,事務部門の対人関係を含めた病院を取り巻く諸設備には患者サービスの視点から改善すべき点がある

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