Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

OBJECTIVE: Side-effects of medications cause xerostomia. There have been cases where a medication has been discontinued owing to its severe side-effects. Therefore, the xerostomia must be treated to ensure that the primary disease is managed effectively. This study analyzed the actual status of patients with medication-induced xerostomia and investigates factors associated with its improvement. METHODS: This study assessed 490 patients diagnosed with medication-induced xerostomia who had an unstimulated salivary flow of ≤0.1 mL/min and received treatment for xerostomia at a xerostomia clinic. Patient age, sex, medical history, medications used, disease duration of xerostomia, and psychological disorders were recorded. The anticholinergic burden was assessed using the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden scale. The unstimulated salivary flow was measured by the spitting method. According to their symptoms and diagnoses, the patients were introduced to oral lubricants, instructed on how to perform massage, and prescribed Japanese herbal medicines, and sialogogues. Factors associated with the subjective improvement of xerostomia and objective changes in the salivary flow rate were recorded at six months. RESULTS: Xerostomia improved in 338 patients (75.3%). The improvement rate was significantly lower in patients with psychiatric disorders (63.6%) (P = 0.009). The improvement rate decreased as more anticholinergics were used (P = 0.018). However, xerostomia improved in approximately 60% of patients receiving three or more anticholinergics. The unstimulated salivary flow increased significantly more in patients who reported an improvement of xerostomia (0.033±0.053 mL/min) than in those who reported no improvement (0.013±0.02 mL/min) (P = 0.025). CONCLUSION: Xerostomia treatment improved oral dryness in 75.3% of patients receiving xerogenic medications in this study. If xerostomia due to side-effects of medications can be improved by treatment, it will greatly contribute to the quality of life of patients with xerogenic medications and may reduce the number of patients who discontinue medications.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0280224

PubMed

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

The study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of dental caries on primary teeth and to evaluate the cariogenic bacteria in dental plaque and saliva among Myanmar schoolchildren. A cross-sectional study was undertaken among 264 schoolchildren from three primary schools in the urban area of Yangon city in 2019. Clinical oral examinations, caries risk tests, and questionnaire surveys were conducted. Overall caries prevalence was 84.1% with a mean decayed, missing, filled primary teeth (dmft) count of 5.84 ± 4.57. Children’s caries experience and debris scores were significantly associated with their bacteria score level. Father’s occupation was significantly associated with caries prevalence ( P = .024) and dmft ( P = .021). Father’s occupation, snack types, habit of eating sweet food combinations, drink types, and debris score were five significant predictors of dental caries in our study. Dental caries is currently a public health problem among Myanmar children. Caries experience and oral hygiene status were strongly influenced by cariogenic bacteria.

DOI： 10.1177/10105395221139347

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Other Link： http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/10105395221139347

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of walking training "Interval Walking Training (IWT)" on oral health status. Participants were divided into two groups: an exercise intervention group and a non-intervention group (control). The intervention group consisted of 59 subjects (20 males, 39 females) aged 50 years or older who participated in the IWT program in Matsumoto from 2019 to April 2022. The control group consisted of 33 subjects (14 males and 19 females) aged 50 years or older who have visited Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital and agreed to participate in the study. The intervention group underwent walking training (interval walking training) for at least 5-6 months. The walking training consisted of five sets of fast walking above 70% peak aerobic capacity for walking (VO2peak) for 3 min, followed by 3 min of slow walking at ~40% VO2 peak per day for more than four days/week. The oral health status was evaluated for the number of teeth, occlusal force, salivary occult blood, masticatory performance, and tongue pressure. A total of 57 participants were analyzed in the intervention group (18 males and 39 females, age: 66.7 ± 0.8 (mean ± S.E.) years) and 33 participants in the control group (14 males and 19 females, age: 74.5 ± 1.1 (mean ± S.E.) years). There were no significant differences in gender, salivary occult blood, tongue pressure, masticatory performance, or occlusal force between the two groups at the start of the intervention (p = 0.36, p = 0.48, p = 0.42, p = 0.58, and p = 0.08, respectively by unpaired t-test or χ2 test). On the other hand, there were significant differences in age and BMI, with a trend toward lower age and higher BMI in the intervention group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively, by unpaired t-test). In terms of rate of change, the intervention group showed a significant increase in occlusal force (F = 4.5, p = 0.04, ANCOVA) and a significant decrease in BMI (F = 7.3, p = 0.009, ANCOVA). No significant differences were observed in the other measured items. It was found that walking training in both middle-aged and older people does not only affect the physical aspect of weight loss but may help maintain and improve the occlusal force.

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph192114465

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors affecting condylar bone changes following surgical-orthodontic treatment. METHODS: A total of 200 patients with dentofacial deformities were classified into skeletal Classes I, II, and skeletal Class III groups consisting of 61 and 139 subjects, respectively. Temporomandibular joints (TMJs) were evaluated using clinical findings and computed tomography images before treatment, immediately before surgery, and 6 months after surgery. RESULTS: Condylar bone changes occurred at a significantly higher rate after surgery in both groups. Factors related to condylar bone changes following surgical-orthodontic treatment included skeletal Class I or II, disc displacement, and condylar bone changes before treatment. There were three cases with condylar bone changes after surgery that were diagnosed with condylar resorption and skeletal Class II and anterior disc displacement before surgery. CONCLUSION: Condylar resorption could occur when the load on the condyle increases after orthognathic surgery and exceeds the permissible limit.

DOI： 10.1080/08869634.2022.2118263

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Georg Thieme Verlag KG  

Abstract

Introduction The associations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) with reduced saliva flow rates have not been previously reported.

Objective The present study aimed to assess the association of cholesterolemia with reduced saliva flow rates in community-dwelling elderly subjects.

Methods The present study analyzed 342 participants (170 males and 172 females aged between 78 and 79 years old). Unstimulated salivary flow rate (USFR) was assessed using a cotton roll method. Low-USFR was defined as 0.10 g/30 seconds. Stimulated salivary flow rate (SSFR) was assessed by having the participants chew tasteless gum for 3 minutes. Low-SSFR was defined as 1.0 mL/minute. Blood samples were collected for the measurement of LDL-C, HDL-C, rheumatoid factor, hemoglobin A1c, and creatinine. To assess depression, the General Health Questionnaire 30 was used. A standardized questionnaire was completed, covering the current and previous medications of the participants and smoking status. We stratified the serum LDL-C levels of the participants as normal, moderate or severe hyper-LDL cholesterolemia and serum HDL-C levels as normal or hypo-HDL cholesterolemia. Multivariate logistic regression models were established and low-USFR or low-SSFR were set as dependent variables in the aforementioned models.

Results After controlling for the effects of the other variables, the odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for low-USFR were 2.25 (1.10–4.61) for moderate and 5.69 (1.55–20.8) for severe hyper-LDL cholesterolemia, while that of hypo-HDL cholesterolemia was 3.40 (1.33–8.69). Severe hyper-LDL cholesterolemia was also associated with low-SSFR with an OR of 3.89 (1.39–10.88).

Conclusion Elderly patients with cholesterolemia have a risk of reduced salivary flow rate.

DOI： 10.1055/s-0042-1744167

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

This prospective pilot study aimed to evaluate the effect of minocycline-HCl ointment (MO), locally delivered as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP), on subgingival microflora. A total of 59 periodontitis patients received SRP as an initial periodontal therapy. In the selected periodontal pockets with probing depths (PD) of 6-9 mm, the sites that exhibited a positive reaction following a bacterial test using an immunochromatographic device were subsequently treated with MO (SRP + MO group, n = 25). No additional treatment was performed at sites showing a negative reaction (SRP group, n = 34). In addition to subgingival plaque sampling, measurement of clinical parameters including PD, clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index and gingival index (GI) were performed at baseline and 4 weeks after the initial periodontal therapy. The subgingival microflora were assessed by terminal restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis. Relative to baseline values, the mean scores for PD-, CAL-, BOP-, and GI-sampled sites were significantly decreased post treatment in both groups (p < 0.01). The intra-comparisons showed a significant decrease in the counts of the genera Eubacterium, Parvimonas, Filifactor, Veillonella, Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, and unknown species in the SRP + MO group (p < 0.05). Inter-comparisons indicated a significant decrease in the genera Veillonella in the SRP + MO group (p = 0.01). Combination therapy of SRP and local MO induced a change in the subgingival microbial community: particularly, the number of Veillonella spp. was markedly reduced.

DOI： 10.3390/biom12050719

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口蓋裂学会  

当院の二段階口蓋形成手術法では、軟口蓋形成術をFurlow法により1歳半に、硬口蓋閉鎖術を鋤骨弁により4歳に施行している。軟口蓋形成術後の硬口蓋残遺裂には硬口蓋閉鎖床を装着しているが、この間の言語機能の獲得には否定的な影響が懸念されやすい。本研究では、当院の治療体系における口蓋化構音の発現要因を明らかにし、口蓋化構音の発現を予防することを目的として、まず、軟口蓋形成術後の1歳半から硬口蓋閉鎖術前の4歳までを幼児期前期とし、片側完全唇顎口蓋裂16例の幼児期前期の言語発達過程でみられた言語症状を回顧的に評価し、良好群、口蓋化構音群(以下、口蓋化群)、不良群の3群に類型化した。そして、類型化した群ごとに、言語機能の獲得状況と硬口蓋残遺裂を含めた上顎歯槽弓形態の関連性について検討した。その結果、口蓋化群の2歳の硬口蓋残遺裂後端の位置に関連性が示され、硬口蓋残遺裂後端や軟口蓋からの漏れを補おうとする舌の誤学習が、口蓋化構音の発現に影響を与えている可能性が推察された。また、得られた結果にもとづき、言語機能をできる限り向上させるため、幼児期前期の言語管理の進め方について再考した。(著者抄録)

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

DOI： 10.1111/ger.12627

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Other Link： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/ger.12627

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3290/j.ohpd.b2960285

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

DOI： 10.1111/jog.14963

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Other Link： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/jog.14963

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

<title>Abstract</title>The clinical features of xerostomia induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are similar to those of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), whereas the immunohistological and serological features are known to differ from those of SS. However, the radiologic imaging features of salivary glands are not yet well known. We report a case of a 56-year-old male patient diagnosed with ICI-induced xerostomia. The patient underwent various imaging examinations to investigate the condition of the salivary glands, which indicated the following: (1) less specific findings on contrast-enhanced computed tomography, (2) mixed with intermediate and low signal intensity on both <italic>T</italic>_{<italic>1</italic>}-weighted and fat-suppressed <italic>T</italic>_{<italic>2</italic>}-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and poor “salt and pepper” appearance on magnetic resonance sialography, and (3) multiple ovoid hypoechoic areas with hyperechoic bands without acute sialadenitis on ultrasound. These radiologic imaging findings suggested remarkable lymphocyte infiltration, which could be a characteristic of ICI-induced xerostomia.

DOI： 10.1007/s11282-020-00480-9

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Other Link： https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11282-020-00480-9/fulltext.html

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Few studies have assessed the possible interaction between and impact of IL-6 variants and serum α-tocopherol levels on periodontal condition in older individuals. Here, we assessed the relationship between IL-6 variants and serum α-tocopherol levels on periodontal condition by considering effect modification. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Among the study participants, 359 who were 71 years of age underwent a dental examination, biochemical analysis, and interview. After dividing the participants into tertiles based on serum α-tocopherol levels, we conducted Poisson regression analysis to compare the prevalence rate ratio (PRR) for periodontal disease markers with the IL-6 genotype (rs1800796) based on each tertile adjusted by the number of teeth present (offset). RESULTS: The PRRs of the IL-6 genotype for periodontal condition (probing pocket depth [PPD], clinical attachment level [CAL], and bleeding on probing [BOP]) which were adjusted by the number of teeth present (offset) were 1.17 (P < .001), 1.37 (P < .001), and 1.08 (P = .048), respectively. In addition, a significant association was found between the reciprocal number of PRRs of the IL-6 genotype and three serum α-tocopherol levels. The adjusted PRRs (± standard error) of the IL-6 genotypes for PPD were 0.48 (0.12) for the first group (P < .001), 1.54 (0.04) for the second group (P < .001), and 2.11 (0.03) for the third group (P < .001); similar tendencies were seen for CAL and BOP. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest a potential association between the IL-6 genotype and periodontal condition in relation to serum antioxidant concentrations.

DOI： 10.1111/jre.12802

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

© 2020 by the authors. For a healthy oral cavity, maintaining a healthy microbiome is essential. However, data on healthy microbiomes are not sufficient. To determine the nature of the core microbiome, the oral-microbiome structure was analyzed using pyrosequencing data. Saliva samples were obtained from healthy 90-year-old participants who attended the 20-year follow-up Niigata cohort study. A total of 85 people participated in the health checkups. The study population consisted of 40 male and 45 female participants. Stimulated saliva samples were obtained by chewing paraffin wax for 5 min. The V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene were amplified by PCR. Pyrosequencing was performed using MiSeq. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were assigned on the basis of a 97% identity search in the EzTaxon-e database. Using the threshold of 100% detection on the species level, 13 species were detected: Streptococcus sinensis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus salivarius, KV831974_s, Streptococcus parasanguinis, Veillonella dispar, Granulicatella adiacens, Streptococcus_uc, Streptococcus peroris, KE952139_s, Veillonella parvula, Atopobium parvulum, and AFQU_vs. These species represent potential candidates for the core make-up of the human microbiome.

DOI： 10.3390/APP10186450

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会  

職域における歯科保健事業として、疾病の早期発見を目的とした歯科健診が主に行われてきた。こうした従来型の歯科健診から、行動・環境リスク発見型・行動変容支援型歯科健診への転換を目的として、日本歯科医師会で「標準的な成人健診プログラム・保健指導マニュアル」(生活歯援プログラム)が策定された。本調査ではこのプログラムに基づいた歯科健診と保健指導が、歯科健診単独に比べてどの程度優れているのか検討を行った。新潟市内の3企業の従業員129名(44.6±11.5歳)を対象としてランダムに2群に分け、介入群には生活歯援プログラムに準じた歯科健診と保健指導を、対照群には歯科健診のみを行った。保健行動を把握するための質問紙調査をベースライン時、3ヵ月後、6ヵ月後および1年後に行い、この間の行動変容を調べた。その結果、介入群と対照群のいずれにおいても「職場や外出先での歯磨き」や「フッ素入りの歯磨剤の使用」、「歯間ブラシ・フロスの使用」が有意に改善していた。ただ、介入群では1年後まですべての時点でベースライン時に比べ有意に改善していたのに対し、対照群では一部の時点で有意な改善がみられたのみであった。したがって、従来型の歯科健診でも保健行動の変容がある程度期待できるが、その期間は限定的であること、歯科健診に加え生活歯援プログラムに準じた保健指導を行うことで行動変容はより確実となり、効果が少なくとも1年間持続することが明らかとなった。(著者抄録)

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2019&ichushi_jid=J00440&link_issn=&doc_id=20190207240005&doc_link_id=%2Fdk1dehea%2F2019%2F006901%2F003%2F0027-0033%26dl%3D0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdk1dehea%2F2019%2F006901%2F003%2F0027-0033%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Background: The effectiveness of an erbium-doped: yttrium, aluminum and garnet (Er: YAG) laser (EYL) for the treatment of peri-implant disease (PID) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare non-surgical EYL therapy for PID with locally delivered minocycline hydrochloride (MC) ointment therapy by evaluating clinical, microbiological, and biochemical markers. Material and Methods: Thirty-seven patients with PID were randomly assigned to either the EYL group (n = 18) or the MC group (n = 19). The clinical, microbiological, and biochemical markers at baseline and at 1 and 3 months after treatment were compared between the two groups. Subgingival plaque and peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) were collected from the diseased pockets. Results: In the EYL group, probing pocket depth (PPD) was significantly decreased after treatment when compared with baseline. On the other hand, in the MC group, there was no significant decrease in PPD after treatment. Specific bacteria associated with PID were not determined. The counts of both Gram-positive and -negative species did not significantly decrease in the EYL group at 3 months after treatment. In the MC group, the counts of almost all bacterial species were significantly decreased after treatment. Biochemical marker analysis of PICF revealed significantly lower levels of metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in the EYL group, as compared with the MC group at 3 months after treatment (p= 0.009). Conclusions: Non-surgical therapy with an EYL for PID was clinically effective, with decreased MMP-9 levels in PICF, which may lead to reduced peri-implant tissue destruction. Key words:Er: YAG laser; peri-implant disease; biomarker; peri-implant crevicular fluid.

DOI： 10.4317/jced.55016

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.4236/ojst.2018.89026

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Blackwell Munksgaard  

Objective: To evaluate the association of salivary flow rate with all-cause mortality among older Japanese adults. We hypothesised that hyposalivation would be a marker for mortality. Background: Hyposalivation, which is an objectively measurable decrease in salivary flow, is highly prevalent among older adults. It is associated with malnutrition and poor general health. Methods: The study population comprised 600 community-dwelling Japanese adults (306 men and 294 women), who were 70 years old at baseline. They underwent stimulated salivary flow rate (SSFR) measurements and were followed up during a 10-year study period. After stratification by sex, the hazard ratios of all-cause mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis comparing groups with and without hyposalivation (ie, SSFR &lt
 0.7 mL/min). Results: The baseline prevalence of hyposalivation was 27.8% (85/306) among men and 47.3% (139/294) among women. During a mean (standard deviation) follow-up period of 104 (27) months, 80 deaths occurred: 60 (75.0%) deaths among men and 20 (25.0%) deaths among women. After adjusting for the number of remaining teeth, smoking status, exercise, hypoalbuminemia, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, hyposalivation at baseline was significantly associated with all-cause mortality among men (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.71
95% confidence interval, 1.01-2.89). In contrast, no association between SSFR and all-cause mortality existed among women. Conclusion: Hyposalivation could be a marker for all-cause mortality among older community-dwelling Japanese men. Future studies investigating the association between SSFR and cause-specific mortality are warranted.

DOI： 10.1111/ger.12319

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Language：English  

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible correlation between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism and susceptibility to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and periodontal disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study analysed 345 participants, who were all 79 years of age. Kidney function levels were determined based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; non-reduced function: ≥60 and reduced function: <60 ml min-1  1.73 m-2 ). VDR TaqI genotyping was also studied. We calculated the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA). After classifying participants into quartile groups according to eGFR or PISA values, the subjects were then split into two groups (highest quartile versus the other three groups combined). Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the odds ratios between the eGFR and VDR TaqI genotype with the different PISA groups. The eGFR was set as the dependent variable while the VDR TaqI genotype, HbA1C, gender, smoking habits and body mass index were defined as independent variables. RESULTS: A significant association was observed between the VDR TaqI genotype and eGFR in the PISA high group (odds ratio = 3.97, p = .027). CONCLUSION: Study results suggest that VDR TaqI genotype might be associated with CKD during inflammatory conditions caused by periodontal disease.

DOI： 10.1111/jcpe.12896

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本摂食嚥下リハビリテーション学会  

口腔乾燥症の原因は、シェーグレン症候群(SS)、ストレス、薬剤の副作用など多岐にわたるうえ、原因は1つではない可能性がある。しかし、口腔乾燥症の診断基準は統一されておらず、医療機関あるいは歯科医師によって異なるのが現状である。また、従来のフローチャート形式の診断チャートでは、複数診断を行うことが困難である。著者らは、口腔乾燥症の診断を統一基準のもとで簡便に行うことを目的として、口腔乾燥症の診断基準を作成した。また、その診断基準をもとに、A4用紙1枚の診断チャートを作成した。その後、2014年1月から2016年12月に当科を受診した初診患者220名を対象として、診断チャートを用いた臨床統計を行った。診断の結果、自律神経性口腔乾燥症(135名、61.4%)が最も多く、次いで薬剤性(126名、57.3%)、蒸発性(81名、36.8%)、シェーグレン症候群(35名、15.9%)、心因性(歯科心身症)(32名、14.5%)であった。複数の歯科医師による診断の一致度は、カッパ係数が0.99で非常に高かった(p<0.001)。診断名が2つ以上ついている者は74.5%であった。今回、口腔乾燥症には、複数の要因が関連している可能性が高いことが明らかになった。今後、口腔乾燥症の診断にあたっては、複数診断が可能な口腔乾燥症診断チャートを使用することが有用であると考えられる。(著者抄録)

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2018&ichushi_jid=J03152&link_issn=&doc_id=20190416130007&doc_link_id=%2Fcb5dvsph%2F2018%2F002202%2F007%2F0153-0160%26dl%3D0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fcb5dvsph%2F2018%2F002202%2F007%2F0153-0160%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Hindawi Limited  

Objective. We evaluated the efficacies of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and minocycline ointment (MO) on clinical and bacteriological markers and the local host inflammatory response. Materials and Methods. A total of 30 patients with chronic periodontitis were randomly assigned to two groups. Selected periodontal pockets (probing depth 5-7 mm with bleeding on probing) were treated with aPDT or MO. Measurements of clinical parameters and the collection of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and subgingival plaque were performed at baseline, and at 1 and 4 weeks after treatment. Quantification of periodontopathic bacteria in the sulcus and a multiplex bead immunoassay of ten inflammatory cytokines in the GCF were performed. Results. Local MO administration exhibited a significant decrease in scores for clinical parameters (P&lt
0.01) and a significant reduction in bacterial counts (P&lt
0.01) and interleukin-1β and interferon-γ levels at 1 and 4 weeks after treatment (P&lt
0.01). No significant changes were observed in the aPDT group, except in clinical parameters. Conclusions. Although our study had some limitations, we found that while local administration of MO may slightly help to improve clinical, microbiological, and crevicular cytokine levels in periodontal pockets, aPDT did not show any effects. This trial is registered with the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000013376.

DOI： 10.1155/2018/1748584

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Quintessence Publishing Co. Inc.  

Use of collagen membrane (CM) with deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) and enamel matrix derivative (EMD) in periodontal regenerative therapy was evaluated. A total of 40 intrabony defects in periodontitis patients were treated. Clinical parameters and filled bone volume (FBV) and rate (FBR) were assessed. Probing pocket depth (PPD) was reduced significantly at 12 months with CM treatment, while clinical attachment level (CAL), FBV, and FBR showed similar improvements. In stratified analyses, CM-treated thick-biotype patients showed significant improvement in PPD and CAL. Regenerative therapy with the use of EMD and DBBM showed similar improvements in periodontal tissue regeneration with or without CM. The combination with CM appeared to influence the healing of soft tissue and was effective in decreasing pocket depth.

DOI： 10.11607/prd.3288

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

Objective: Although the pathogeneses of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and periodontal diseases have overlapping features, including ageing and chronic inflammation, the association between AD and periodontitis remains unclear. To explore the pathogenesis of periodontitis, a comprehensive gene expression/transcriptome analysis in periodontitis-affected gingival tissues found that the AD pathway was significantly up-regulated in periodontitis-affected gingival tissues. AD-related genes, amyloid beta precursor protein (APP), interleukin-1 beta and compliment 1QA, were significantly elevated in periodontitis. In the present study, balance between mRNA expression of APP and a potent amyloid degradation enzyme, neprilysin (NEP), as well as protein localisation of APP and NEP were analysed.
Design: Eighteen periodontitis-affected and 18 clinically healthy control gingival tissues were taken from patients with severe chronic periodontitis or undergoing tooth extraction. Total RNA was purified and used for quantitative reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The localisation of APP and NEP was analysed by immunohistochemistry (IHC).
Results: Both APP and NEP genes were up-regulated in periodontitis-affected gingival tissues. APP expressing macrophages and NEP-expressing neutrophils and fibroblasts, reflecting inflammatory stages, were detected in inflamed gingival tissues by IHC.
Conclusion: The up-regulation of APP and NEP mRNA levels in periodontitis-affected gingival tissues compared with healthy controls was confirmed by qRT-PCR analyses. Since NEP is one of the primary enzymes that degrades amyloid beta, increased NEP mRNA levels in periodontitis may act as an inhibitor of amyloid beta accumulation in gingival tissues, balancing increased APP mRNA expression. However, NEP has several effects including degradation of vasoactive substances; therefore, further sresearch is needed. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.03.003

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY  

Aim: We hypothesized that feeling mucosal dryness in one body region and the skin may be associated with dryness in other regions and that there are common background factors for dryness. In an earlier web-based survey, we reported prevalence figures of dry eyes, nose, mouth, skin, and vagina. In the present study, additional analyses were made to investigate the factors associated with dryness in each region, and simultaneous dryness in multiple regions.
Methods: A web-based questionnaire was completed by 310 Japanese women. The questions included dryness of the eyes, nose, mouth, vagina, and skin. Menopausal and other symptoms were also addressed. Multiple logistic regression modeling was performed to identify factors associated with dryness in each region and in multiple dry regions.
Results: Dry eyes were associated with dryness in the nose and with headache; dry nose was associated with dryness in the vagina and eyes; dry mouth was associated with sticky mouth symptom and dryness of the nose; dry skin was associated with use of xerogenic medications and vaginal discharge; and dryness of the vagina was associated with vaginal itchiness and dry nose. Vaginal discharge (odds ratio, 9.64; 95% confidence interval, 3.15-29.51) and sticky mouth (odds ratio, 6.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.29-31.29) were further associated with dryness in multiple regions.
Conclusion: The present results confirmed our study hypothesis by showing that dryness in one region was clearly associated with that in another or in multiple regions. The result implies the need for holistic diagnosis and counseling for patients with dryness complaints.

DOI： 10.1111/jog.13290

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会  

舌苔には多くの細菌が存在するため、口臭や誤嚥性肺炎の原因となる。舌苔は主にタンパク質から構成されることから、本試験は、システインプロテアーゼであるパパインを含有したゲルが機械的舌苔除去に及ぼす影響について検討することを目的とした。対象は23〜53歳の男性13名、女性7名である。被験者を無作為に2群に割り付け、両群とも被験試料およびプラセボを用いた実験に参加する交差研究とした。試験日に、2.5gのゲルを舌清掃直前に対象者の舌背に塗布し、1分間保持させた。その後、同一験者が舌ブラシにて100〜150gの荷重範囲で舌清掃を行った。舌清掃後、水道水20mlにて10秒間含嗽させた。舌苔面積および舌苔厚さ評価のために舌清掃前後においてデジタルカメラによる舌写真撮影を行った。なお、洗い流し期間は14日間とした。舌写真の評価は3名の熟練した被験者の情報をもたない歯科医師がソフトウェア上にて視覚的に評価した。2群間の比較にはWilcoxonの符号順位検定を用いた。舌苔面積はパパイン含有ゲルを用いたテスト群において、舌清掃後に有意(p&lt;0.05)に減少した。また、舌清掃前後における舌苔残留率は、プラセボ群に比べてテスト群が有意(p&lt;0.05)に低かった。舌苔厚さは両群とも有意(p&lt;0.05)に減少した。以上より、舌清掃補助剤としてのパパイン含有ゲルは舌苔除去に併用効果があることが示唆された。(著者抄録)

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.66.1_9

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(NPO)日本歯科保存学会  

目的:超高齢社会の現代において,咀嚼・会話・審美に不可欠な歯を喪失する最大の原因となっている歯周病を防ぎ健康増進を図ることは,歯周病が糖尿病や直接死因につながる循環器・脳・呼吸器疾患などと密接に関係することからも国民にとって急務である.本研究は,抗炎症効果を有するホエイペプチド(WHP)配合流動食摂取が臨床的歯周組織検査項目,唾液および歯肉溝滲出液(GCF)中の生化学的マーカー・炎症性サイトカインレベルに及ぼす影響について調べたものである.材料と方法:本研究は新潟大学倫理審査委員会の承認を得て,新潟大学医歯学総合病院にて実施した.インフォームドコンセントが得られた36名の慢性歯周炎患者(男性24名,女性12名,66.8±11.7歳)を対象とし,WHP摂取群(n=18),Control群として汎用流動食(Control)摂取群(n=18)に無作為に振り分けた.実施方法は評価者盲検法とし,摂取前と摂取4週間後に臨床検査としてPlaque Control Record(PCR),Gingival Index(GI),Probing Pocket Depth(PPD),Bleeding on Probing(BOP),Clinical Attachment Level(CAL)の測定,さらに生化学的検査として最深歯周ポケット部位よりGCFを採取し,炎症性サイトカイン(TNF-α,IL-6)量,Alanine Transaminase(ALT)量,Asparate Transaminase(AST)量,唾液中遊離ヘモグロビン(f-Hb)量を測定した.群間比較にはMann-WhitneyのU検定,群内比較にはWilcoxonの符号付き順位検定,相関分析はPearsonの積率相関分析を用い,有意水準は5%に設定した.結果:GCF中の生化学的パラメーターでは,TNF-α,IL-6はWHP群においてのみ有意に減少した.Control群では有意差は認められなかった.ALT,ASTは両群ともに有意差は認められなかった.臨床パラメーターは両群ともにPCR,GI,BOPにおいて改善傾向が認められた.PCRの低下したControl群でのみ,有意にGI,BOPが減少した.PPD,CALは両群ともに有意な変化はなかった.唾液中のf-Hb量は両群ともに有意差は認められなかった.結論:WHP群,Control群ともに,4週間の摂取により歯周病臨床パラメーターが改善されることが示された.特に,GCF中のTNF-α,IL-6がWHP群でのみ有意に減少したことより,WHPに含まれるホエイペプチドがGCF局所での炎症性サイトカインレベルに影響を与えた可能性が示された.(著者抄録)

DOI： 10.11471/shikahozon.58.109

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The association between adipokines and inflammatory periodontal diseases has been studied over the last two decades. This review was intended to explore the observation that periodontal therapy may lead to an improvement of adipokines in diabetic patients. In summary, substantial evidence suggests that diabetes is associated with increased prevalence, extent and severity of periodontitis. Numerous mechanisms have been elucidated to explain the impact of diabetes on the periodontium. However, current knowledge concerning the role of major adipokines indicates only some of their associations with the pathogenesis of periodontitis in type 2 diabetes. Conversely, treatment of periodontal disease and reduction of oral inflammation may have positive effects on the diabetic condition, although evidence for this remains somewhat equivocal.

DOI： 10.4239/wjd.v5.i6.924

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本女性医学学会  

閉経後日本人女性における腟症状の現状を検討することを目的として、更年期外来受診者およびドライシンドロームの現状把握のために施行されたWebアンケートにおける一般閉経後女性からの回答を解析した。対象は東京歯科大学市川総合病院産婦人科における更年期外来である秋桜外来を受診した有子宮かつ自然閉経後女性121名(年齢:53.0±6.3歳(mean±SD)、閉経後期間:4.6±4.7年)およびマクロミル社のインターネット・リサーチシステムに回答した未閉経女性132名(年齢:40.2±6.3歳)と有子宮かつ自然閉経後女性152名(年齢:63.4±7.6歳、閉経後期間:12.6±8.4年)である。腟乾燥感、褐色帯下、腟そう痒感、性交痛の4症状について、なし、症状弱、中、強の4段階から回答いただいた。Webアンケートに回答した一般閉経後女性では何らかの腟症状を有する率は28.9%であり、更年期外来受診者における50.4%よりも有意に低かった。また、症状別の検討においても腟そう痒感以外は更年期外来患者よりも有意に低値であった。一方、未閉経女性との比較では褐色帯下、腟そう痒感、性交痛において未閉経女性が高い有症率であり、前2症状では有意に高かった。ただし、症状が強い症例に限ると、有意差はないものの、閉経後女性が4倍高い有症率であった。腟症状と他の更年期症状との関連を検討したところ、何らかの腟症状を有した女性においては抑うつの合併頻度は68.2%とのぼせの合併頻度(50.0%)よりも有意に高く、腟症状においては心因の検討も必要であることが示唆された。今回の検討における腟症状の有症率は、一般閉経後女性においては欧米の報告よりも低い結果であったが、それでも約30%は愁訴を有していることが明らかになった。今後、大規模研究により日本人女性における腟症状の実態を解明するとともに、その背景因子の解析や対応方法を検討していく必要があると考えられた。(著者抄録)

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2013376414

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本女性医学学会  

【目的】近年、ドライシンドロームという概念が注目されている。これは、眼、鼻腔、口腔、腟、皮膚などにおける乾燥症状を一つの乾燥症候群として捉えようとする概念である。特定部位における乾燥感の有訴率の調査は数多くなされているが、乾燥感の関連性について同一被験者で調査した報告はない。そこで、眼、鼻腔、口腔、腟、皮膚における乾燥感の有訴率およびその関連性について検討することを目的としてWeb調査を行った。【方法】2012年5月に、インターネット・リサーチシステムを用いて、「お体の症状に関するアンケート調査」を行った。対象者は30、40、50、60、70代の女性、各62名の合計310名とした。年齢・既往歴・服用薬剤名および眼・鼻腔・口腔・腟・皮膚の乾燥感に関する質問を設定し、記述統計を行った。【結果】眼・鼻腔・口腔・腟・皮膚の乾燥感は、それぞれ169名(54.5%)、96名(31.0%)、128名(41.3%)、42名(13.6%)、153名(49.4%)が有していた。乾燥感の部位が1ヶ所の者は68名(21.9%)、2ヶ所以上は168名(54.2%)であった。また、眼の乾燥感を有する169名のうち142名(84.0%)が、鼻腔については96名全員が、口腔については112名(87.5%)、腟では40名(95.2%)、皮膚では130名(85.0%)が他の部位の乾燥感も有していた。特に腟の乾燥感を有する者の61.9%が、5ヶ所すべてに乾燥があると回答していた。【考察】乾燥感がある部位が2ヶ所以上であるものが半数以上であったことから、今後、乾燥感を訴える患者に対しては、他の部位の乾燥感の聞きとりおよび適切な診療科への紹介が必要であると考えられる。特に腟については、腟乾燥を有する者の60%以上が5ヶ所全ての乾燥感を持っていたため、留意して診療する必要があるといえる。(著者抄録)

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2013257758

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER  

To investigate the possibility of predicting salivation ability using pulsed Doppler ultrasonography.
Thirty healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. The blood flow velocity in the submandibular gland before and during acid stimulation was recorded by pulsed Doppler ultrasonography. The changes in the maximum blood flow velocity (V (max)) and minimum blood flow velocity (V (min)) were analyzed and compared with the salivation abilities.
Strong linear correlations between before and during acid stimulation were observed in the amount of salivation (R = 0.879, p &lt; 0.05) and the V (max) (R = 0.938, p &lt; 0.05). The mean change rate in the stimulated V (max) was 1.58 (range 1.10-4.58), and the mean (range) change rates in the V (max) after 1, 3, and 5 min of acid stimulation were 0.96 (0.47-1.47), 0.97 (0.79-1.40), and 0.98 (0.70-1.23), respectively. No strong linear correlation was observed between the amount of salivation and the blood flow velocity.
Although it is known that an increase in the amount of salivation is closely related to an increase in the blood flow velocity in the salivary glands, our findings did not show a linear correlation between the amount of salivation and the blood flow velocity.

DOI： 10.1007/s11282-012-0102-4

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Thirty chronic periodontitis patients were randomly assigned to 3 groups: control, saline, and essential oil-containing antiseptic (EO). Subgingival plaque was collected from a total of 90 pockets across all subjects. Subsequently, subgingival ultrasonic instrumentation (SUI) was performed by using EO or saline as the irrigation agent. After continuous mouth rinsing at home with EO or saline for 7 days, subgingival plaques were sampled again. Periodontopathic bacteria were quantified using the modified Invader PLUS assay. The total bacterial count in shallow pockets (probing pocket depth (PPD) = 4-5 mm) was significantly reduced in both saline (P &lt
0.05) and EO groups (P &lt
0.01). The total bacterial count (P &lt
0.05) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P &lt
0.01) and Tannerella forsythia (P &lt
0.05) count in deep pockets (PPD ≥ 6 mm) were significantly reduced only in the EO group. In comparisons of the change ratio relative to baseline value of total bacteria counts across categories, both the saline and EO groups for PPD 4-5 mm and the EO group for PPD 6 mm showed a significantly low ratio (P &lt
0.05). The adjunctive use of EO may be effective in reducing subgingival bacterial counts in both shallow and deep pockets. This trial is registered with UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000007484. © 2013 Toshiya Morozumi et al.

DOI： 10.1155/2013/146479

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC  

Potentially significant associations between periodontal disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been reported in recent studies. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between serum antibody to the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and CKD in 215 Japanese individuals, aged 79 yrs. Serum antibody levels to P. gingivalis were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. An elevated serum antibody response was defined as the upper quartile and was compared with the bottom three quartiles. Participants were classified as having CKD when their glomerular filtration rate was between 15 and 59 mL/min/1.73 m(2). A multivariable logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between elevated antibody status and the presence of CKD. Study participants with an elevated serum antibody to P. gingivalis were 2.6 times more likely to have CKD. The adjusted odds ratio of CKD for participants in the highest quartile of serum antibody to P. gingivalis was 2.59 (95% confidence interval, 1.05-6.34) when compared with others in lower quartiles after simultaneous adjustment for other covariates. In conclusion, the present study suggests that elevated serum antibody to P. gingivalis was significantly associated with decreased kidney function in a community-based cohort of elderly Japanese.

DOI： 10.1177/0022034512455063

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY  

Background: Periodontal pathogenic microorganisms produce volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), such as hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, and dimethyl sulfide. VSCs are toxic to periodontal tissue. Therefore, there is a relationship between periodontitis and the VSC level of mouth air. However, the association between VSC and periodontal disease progression has not been investigated in a longitudinal study. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between VSCs in mouth air and periodontal disease progression among elderly dentulous non-smokers.
Methods: Two hundred forty-one dentulous non-smokers (103 males and 138 females; all 70 years old) had their VSC levels examined with a portable sulfide monitor, and their periodontal status was assessed. Periodontal examinations were performed at baseline and once a year for 3 years to investigate the clinical attachment levels of all teeth. Participants were classified by membership in tertile groups (lowest, middle, and highest) according to the value of baseline VSC measurements.
Results: In negative binomial regression analysis, the number of teeth with periodontal disease progression for participants in the highest tertile of VSC measurement was greater (incidence rate ratio of 1.33, P = 0.011) than for the reference group (lowest tertile of VSC measurement) after simultaneously adjusting for sex, number of remaining teeth, and maximum clinical attachment level.
Conclusions: VSC measurements were significantly associated with periodontal disease progression in a non-smoking dentulous elderly population. This suggests that VSC measurements are useful for the diagnosis of periodontal disease progression. J Periodontol 2012;83:635-643.

DOI： 10.1902/jop.2011.110275

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IOP PUBLISHING LTD  

Tongue coating (TC) mainly consists of protein mostly from exfoliated epithelial cells. Until now, to reduce TC accumulation, only mechanical measures have been available, and the procedure involves unpleasant side effects, such as gagging reflex or carcinogenesis related to mechanical stimulation. We expected that protease might be effective in reducing the accumulation of TC causing oral malodor. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of long-term use of candy tablets containing protease, actinidine, on both TC accumulation and concentration of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in mouth air. We employed 14 subjects aged 24 to 54 years old for this study, and conducted a double-blind randomized crossover trial. The subjects sucked the tablets containing actinidine three times a day until the sixth day after starting the study. The tablets without actinidine were utilized as a placebo. Measurements of VSC concentration and TC accumulation were carried out before and after chewing tablets on the first day, and also on the seventh day. The levels of VSC and TC significantly (p &lt; 0.05) decreased after tablets were taken on the first day in both the test and placebo groups. There was a statistically significant decrease (p &lt; 0.05) in VSC after seven days of use only in the test group. The results of the study suggest that the tablets containing actinidine had an accumulative effect in reducing VSC in mouth air with long-term use.

DOI： 10.1088/1752-7155/6/1/017107

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Language：English   Publisher：Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo  

<b>Aim</b>: In dental treatment, to remove an instrument, such as dental mirror or to remove a dental cotton roll inserted in the gingivobuccal fold, often brings the patient discomfort or pain. To prevent these uncomfortable conditions, dental instruments or dental cotton rolls are moistened based on an empirical basis. However, there has been no research done evaluating whether discomfort is reduced by these techniques. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of moistened techniques on the patientsʼ discomfort and the operatorsʼ ease. <b>Materials and Methods</b>: Thirty eight subjects without hyposalivation were studied. Two procedures were implemented. One was that a dry or moistened dental mirror was removed after exclusion of the buccal mucosa. The other was removal of a dental cotton roll from the gingivobuccal fold after either moistening it or leaving it dry. The subjectsʼcomfort and the operatorsʼ treatment ease were evaluated on five point scales. <b>Results</b>: During these procedures, the subjectsʼ comfort was significantly increased by moistening of both the dental mirror and the cotton roll. The ease of performing both procedures was also significantly increased for operators in the moistened condition. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between the subjectsʼ comfort and the operatorsʼ ease. <b>Conclusion</b>: When using dental instruments and removing cotton rolls, moistening increases both the subjectsʼ comfort and operatorsʼ treatment ease.

DOI： 10.5466/ijoms.11.85

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2014000129

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(NPO)日本歯科保存学会  

【目的】Enterococcus faecium(E.faecium)乳酸菌配合シュガーレスガムが,歯周組織の健康および口腔内細菌叢に与える影響について評価した.【材料および方法】本研究に対して,インフォームドコンセントが得られた慢性歯周炎患者30名(男性14名,女性16名,平均年齢57.3±8.4歳)を研究の被験者とした.二重盲検法を用い,被験者にはEnterococcus faecium配合シュガーレスガム(以下,乳酸菌ガム)および配合なしのPlaceboガム(以下,Placeboガム)のどちらかを喫食してもらい乳酸菌ガム群(15名),Placeboガム群(15名)を設定した.4週間の試験期間中1日4粒のガムを毎食後および就寝前に喫食してもらい,機械的プラークコントロールは停止しなかった.4週間の喫食期間前後に5分間ガムベース咀嚼刺激によって唾液を採取し,生化学的検索として,乳酸脱水素酵素(LDH),Alkaline phosphatase(ALP)活性,遊離ヘモグロビン(F-Hb)量,唾液pHを測定した.細菌学的検索として,全唾液中および残存歯の最深部歯周ポケットから採取した歯周病原細菌Porphyromonas gingivalis(P.gingivalis),Treponema denticola(T.denticola),Tannerella forsythia(T.forsythia),Prevotella intermedia(P.intermedia),Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans(A.actinomycetemcomitans)および総細菌数のリアルタイムポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(PCR)法による定量を行った.同時に,E.faecium菌の口腔内への定着の有無を調べるために,唾液試料と歯肉縁下プラークを培養法にて簡易定量した.臨床検査項目としてはRamfjoerdの6歯に対して,プラーク指数(PlI),プロービングポケット深さ(PPD),歯肉炎指数(GI),プロービング時の出血(BOP)を測定した.統計解析は,被験者特性の群間比較にはStudent&#039;s t検定を用いた.ガム摂取前後の各検査値の比較にはWil-coxon符号付順位和検定を用いた.いずれも有意水準は5%に設定した.【結果】全唾液中では,総菌数において両ガム群で減少した.歯周病原細菌では,Placeboガム群は個人間のばらつきがあるもののT.forsythiaのみ有意に減少した.一方,乳酸菌ガム群はT.forsythiaに加え,Red complex細菌として知られるP.gingivalisおよびT.denticolaにおいても有意に減少した(p&lt;0.05).歯肉縁下プラーク中の細菌数においては,全体的に低下傾向を示したが,Placeboガム群でT.forsythiaのみ有意に減少した.被験者の各臨床検査項目において,4週間後改善傾向を示したが,両群間での有意差は認められなかった.唾液生化学的パラメーターの変動では,両ガム群においてLDHでは変化がなかったものの,ALPおよびF-Hbでは両群ともに減少傾向を示しPlaceboガム群では有意に減少した.E.faecium菌の定着およびpHの酸性化は30名すべての被験者から検出されなかった.【結論】乳酸菌配合シュガーレスガムの喫食は,唾液中の歯周病原細菌,特にRed complex菌群を減少させることにより,歯周組織破壊抑制にかかわる可能性が示唆された.(著者抄録)

DOI： 10.11471/shikahozon.54.466

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between dental occlusion and physical fitness by a longitudinal survey. A sample of 348 subjects (171 men and 177 women) aged 71 was investigated by Eichner index (EI) as an occlusal condition (Class A: no loss; Class B: partial loss; Class C: complete loss) and five types of physical fitness tests and were re-examined 8 years later. The upper 50% were sampled to analyze the correlation between each physical fitness decline and the EI at the baseline by logistic regression models. Logistic regression analyses revealed that leg extensor power (Class B vs. Class A; odds ratio = OR = 4.61, p = 0.010) and one-leg standing time with eyes open (Class C vs. Class A; OR = 4.27, p = 0.031) showed significant correlations with the EI at the baseline. In this study, partial or complete loss of occlusion was associated with a decline in leg extensor power or a decrease in one-leg standing time with eyes open. These findings suggest that maintenance of dental occlusion may prevent a decrease in activities of daily living in the elderly. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.archger.2010.03.011

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：KARGER  

This study aimed to measure the fluoride (F) content of all infant milk formulas (IMF) available for purchase in Japan and estimate the F exposure of infants whose primary source of nutrition is IMF when reconstituted with different F concentrations of water. Twenty-two commercially available IMFs were purchased from 6 manufacturers in Japan. These IMFs included 21 milk-based products and 1 soy-based product. Each IMF was reconstituted using distilled water and 0.13 mu gF/ml fluoridated water according to the manufacturers&apos; instructions. The F concentrations in each sample were measured using the hexamethyldisiloxane diffusion technique and an F ion-selective electrode. The mean F concentration of all products was 0.41 (range 0.15-1.24) mu g/g. There were no statistically significant differences among mean F concentrations of newborn milks, follow-on milks and other milks or among manufacturers. The mean F concentration of all products, when reconstituted with distilled water and 0.13 mu gF/ml water, was 0.09 and 0.18 mu g/ml, respectively. The mean F intake from IMF ranged from 0.039 to 0.134 mg/day with distilled water and from 0.078 to 0.258 mg/day with 0.13 mu g/ml fluoridated water, respectively. These results suggested that F intake of infants from IMFs depended on the F concentration of added water, and therefore the risk of dental fluorosis for most Japanese infants would be small since most Japanese municipal water supplies are low in F. However, there was a possibility to exceed the tolerable upper intake level, even under the limit of the law, especially for infants within the first 5 months of life. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel

DOI： 10.1159/000330604

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会  

口臭の原因物質である揮発性硫黄化合物(Volatile sulfur compounds:以下VSCと略す)は主に舌苔中の細菌により産生される。一方、プロポリス抽出物は口腔内細菌の発育を抑制すると報告されている。そこで本実験は、プロポリスエキス含有含嗽剤14日間使用前後における舌背に占める舌苔面積および口腔内の気体中のVSC濃度の比較を行った。対象は健康な男性14名である。被験者14名を無作為に2群に割り付け、両群とも0.2%プロポリスエキス溶液およびプラセボを用いた実験に参加する交差研究とした。各対象者は1回につき1種類の含嗽剤にて、毎食後および就寝前の1日4回含嗽行い、これを14日間継続した。実験期間1週間前より実験終了まで舌清掃を行わないものとした。洗い流し期間は14日間とした。試験開始日および14日後の同時刻に、ガスクロマトグラフィによるVSC濃度測定およびデジタルカメラによる舌背写真撮影を行った。14日間含嗽前後で比較すると、両群とも舌苔量に有意な変化はなかった。一方、硫化水素およびメチルメルカプタン濃度は、対照群ではいずれも有意な減少はなかったが、試験群においては硫化水素濃度が平均値(ng/10ml)で1.758から0.880と有意(p=0.019)に減少した。以上より、プロポリス含嗽剤長期使用により硫化水素産生が抑制されることが示唆された。(著者抄録)

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.60.1_17

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2010121406

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyse mRNA expression and protein localization of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-3 and TIMP-4 in gingival tissues removed from drug (calcium-channel blocker) induced gingival overgrowth and periodontitis patients.
Design: Employing RT-PCR, we evaluated TIMP-3 and TIMP-4 mRNA levels of 20 human gingival tissue samples taken from patients suffering gingival overgrowth (GO) and periodontitis (P). Then, using immunohistochemistry we investigated the TIMP-3 and TIMP-4 protein localization of five sample tissues from each group.
Results: TIMP-4 mRNA levels in GO-gingiva tended to be lower than in P-gingiva but the results differed little (p = 0.22). Varying degrees of inflammation in the protein localization of TIMP-3 and TIMP-4 were found. TIMP-4 immunoreactivity (IR) was weak in the endothelial cells, fibroblasts, epithelial basal and parabasal cells while the degree of inflammation differed as well. TIMP-3 and TIMP-4 IR in inflammatory cells, including lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages, were faint and intense respectively. For P-gingiva, both TIMP-3 and TIMP-4 IR expression was weak in the endothelial cells, fibroblasts, basal and parabasal epithelial layers. Expression of TIMP-3 was faint in the inflammatory cells, whereas TIMP-4 IR was strong.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that TIMP-3 and TIMP-4 expression differs in GO and P-gingival tissues, both of which are potentially involved in pathogenesis. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.04.002

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DOI： 10.1016/j.cca.2009.03.018

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口腔乾燥症の診断には、安静時唾液分泌量の測定が重要である。一般的に吐唾法が用いられているが、唾液を吐出する能力を必要とするため唾液の吐出が難しい患者への応用は困難である。ワッテ法は、術者がロールワッテを舌下部へ挿入し、唾液を吸収させる方法であるため吐出が不要である。また、測定時間はわずか30秒間もしくは60秒間と比較的短く簡便である。しかし、その有用性およびカットオフ値に関する検討はまだなされていないのが現状である。そこで、ワッテ法のドライマウスの臨床における有用性を検討する目的で、ワッテ法と吐唾法との比較検討を行った。被験者は、口腔乾燥を自覚していない健常者26名と新潟大学医歯学総合病院くちのかわき外来受診者10名の計36名とした。吐唾法による15分間の安静時唾液、30秒間および60秒間のワッテ法による唾液分泌量を測定し分析した。その結果、吐唾法による安静時唾液分泌量とワッテ法30秒値、60秒値との間にいずれも有意な正の相関が認められた。従って、ワッテ法は唾液分泌測定法のひとつとして利用できることが示唆された。さらに、ワッテ法における唾液分泌機能低下の目安としてカットオフ値を算出した結果、30秒値は0.14g、60秒値は0.25gとなった。本研究の被験者のうち、唾液分泌が実際に減少しているものは9名のみであった。今後、被験者を増やし、ワッテ法におけるカットオフ値を明確にする必要があると考えている。(著者抄録)

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2009113193

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(NPO)日本口腔科学会  

上部消化管内視鏡検査により上部消化管に重複癌が検出された顎口腔領域癌13例について臨床学的検討を行った。対象は全例男性で、顎口腔領域の癌発生部位は口底癌が4例と最も多く、下顎歯肉、上顎歯肉、舌、口峡咽頭が各2例、上顎洞1例であった。組織型は全例が扁平上皮癌で、これに重複した食道癌8例も全てが扁平上皮癌であり、胃癌5例では腺癌4例、未分化癌1例であった。重複癌の検出時期は同時性が10例と多く、異時性は3例であった。重複癌発生と喫煙・飲酒の既往の関係についてロジック回帰分析を行ったところ、喫煙・飲酒両方の既往のある者は、いずれか一方、もしくはどちらも常用しない者に比べて、重複癌発生の危険性が有意に高かった。治療は、術前診断で両癌の根治が可能と判断された場合には根治的治療とし、最終的に根治的治療を選択した10例は全て顎口腔領域の癌治療を優先した。顎口腔領域の癌の治療後、重複癌に対しても根治的治療を行い得た症例は8例で、その予後は再発もなく経過良好であった。

DOI： 10.11277/stomatology1952.57.303

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：KARGER  

The purpose of this study was to estimate the average daily amount of fluoride from the diet ingested by Japanese children of ages susceptible to dental fluorosis in two areas with different fluoride concentrations in the water supply. Thirty-eight children aged 2 - 8 years participated in a survey of fluoride intake. Twenty-one out of 38 children lived in an area in which the community water fluoride concentration was an average of 0.555 ppm (moderate fluoride area: MFA), and 17 lived in a low fluoride area (LFA), which ranged between 0.040 and 0.131 ppm. To measure the fluoride intake, diets were collected with a duplicate-diet technique. The fluoride concentrations in each sample were measured using the diffusion technique of Taves and the electrode technique. Meanwhile, after clinical examinations for dental caries and fluorosis, 228 subjects aged 13 - 15 years were selected for analysis from the same communities. The mean DMFT in the MFA was significantly lower than that in the LFA. The severest grade of dental fluorosis observed was 'very mild' according to Dean's fluorosis index in both areas. The total daily fluoride intakes were 0.0252 - 0.0254 mg F/kg/day in MFA and 0.0126 - 0.0144 mg F/kg/day in the LFA. Differences in the fluoride concentration of drinking water in this study were reflected in the fluoride intake from the diet in a typical Japanese diet. Copyright (c) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel

DOI： 10.1159/000095647

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本老年歯科医学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本摂食嚥下リハビリテーション学会  

【目的】舌ブラシには、歯ブラシのような植毛タイプや、アーチワイヤー状のタイプ、細かいループ状のナイロン毛が植毛されたナイロンブラシタイプなどいろいろな形状がある。ナイロンブラシは舌苔が厚い場合に有効である一方、使用後に水洗をしても汚れが落ちにくかったり、細菌が繁殖しやすくなったりする恐れがある。そこで、ナイロン毛のループ部分をカットしたブラシを作製し、細菌の除去効果を従来のブラシと比較した。さらに、流水下での洗浄によるブラシに付着した細菌の残留について比較した。【方法】ナイロン毛がループ状になっているループブラシ(W-1ブラシ、SHIKIEN)と、ループ部の一部をカットしたループカットブラシを使用した。各ブラシでBHI寒天培地上に播種したS.aureusを擦過し、除去した細菌数を比較した。また、洗浄方法を検討するため、洗浄なし、手でブラシを擦らず流水下に10秒おいたブラシ、流水下でブラシを0、5、10、30秒擦ったブラシに付着していた細菌数を比較した。【結果】ループブラシおよびループカットブラシで除去した細菌数の中央値はそれぞれ2.0×10^11cfu/mL、2.1×10^11cfu/mLで、統計学的有意差は認められず、細菌の除去能力は同等であった。また、ループブラシ、ループカットブラシのいずれも、洗浄前と比較して、5、10、30秒の手洗いで有意に付着細菌数が減少していた。特にループカットブラシでは、5秒時に99.9%細菌数が減少し、10秒時にはさらに減少していた。10秒時と30秒時では統計学的有意差は認められなかった。したがって、ループカットブラシは、ループブラシと同様な細菌除去効果をもちながらも、洗浄後に付着している細菌数が少なく、感染源となる可能性が低いこと、また、5秒間の流水下での洗浄で99.9%の細菌が除去できる可能性があることが示された。(著者抄録)

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DOI： 10.1111/jcpe.13115

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本口腔・咽頭科学会  

近年、味覚障害患者が増加している。味覚外来における治療効果を検討することを目的として臨床統計を実施し、亜鉛補充療法の効果について調査した。対象は2012年12月より2017年12月までの5年間に当院味覚外来を受診した患者172名(男性56名、女性116名)とした。患者の既往歴、服用薬剤、診断について単純統計を行った。さらに亜鉛製剤投与による自覚症状の改善に関わる因子を多変量解析により探索した。患者の平均年齢61.1歳であった。亜鉛欠乏性および特発性と診断された99名に亜鉛製剤を処方した。自覚症状の改善があった者は82.8%であった。ロジスティック回帰分析の結果、自覚症状改善に関わる因子は、病悩期間や亜鉛/銅(Zn/Cu)比であることが示された。(著者抄録)

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会  

口腔乾燥症の診療では唾液分泌量を測定するが、その結果を記録するツールはほとんど見当たらない。また、他疾患の治療のための薬剤追加やストレスの原因となるイベント事象などは、唾液分泌量や乾燥感に大きな影響を与えるが、それらを記録するツールもない。したがって、症状の記録、患者-医療従事者間の情報共有、診療科間の情報共有、患者への情報提供、の4つを目的とした「ドライマウス手帳」を作成し、2012年4月に発行した。その後、医療従事者に対して、手帳のデザインや内容に関する無記名の質問紙調査を行った。質問紙調査の結果、手帳の大きさ、厚さ、文字の大きさ、唾液分泌量や症状の記入欄の大きさ、豆知識の情報量について「ちょうどよい」と回答した者はいずれも過半数を占めていた。改善点として挙げられたのは、常用薬剤の記入欄、症状のある部分を記入できる口腔内の図の掲載や、舌痛症や灼熱感などに関する情報提供などであったため、今後、手帳を改訂する際に検討したい。将来的には、口腔乾燥症と診断された患者すべてにドライマウス手帳を配布することで、患者-医療従事者間、医療従事者-医療従事者間の情報共有、患者自身の症状把握が進み、口腔乾燥症の診療の一助となればと考えている。(著者抄録)

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.63.4_337

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2013&ichushi_jid=J00440&link_issn=&doc_id=20130808300003&doc_link_id=%2Fdk1dehea%2F2013%2F006304%2F003%2F0337-0343%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdk1dehea%2F2013%2F006304%2F003%2F0337-0343%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本老年歯科医学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本老年歯科医学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本老年歯科医学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese  

DOI： 10.14833/amjsp.2011f.0.49.0

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会  

高齢者の口腔乾燥感は主に薬剤の副作用によって生じると言われている。高齢者はストレスへの耐性が低いが、神経症症状と口腔乾燥感との関連を検討した報告は少ない。また、服薬および神経症症状と口腔乾燥感に関して、同じ対象者において同時に検討した報告も少ない。よって本研究では、高齢者における口腔乾燥感の自覚頻度を明らかにするとともに、服薬および神経症症状と口腔乾燥感の関連について検討することを目的とした。高齢者398名を対象として、質問紙や面接聞き取り等により口腔乾燥感、服薬状況および神経症症状を調査した。神経症症状の評価には、日本版GHQ30を用いた。口腔乾燥感を有する者は60.4%、神経症症状を有する者は27.6%であった。服薬中の者は72.3%、服薬数の最頻値は2剤であった。口渇高頻度薬剤の服用者は18.7%、服薬数の最頻値は1剤であった。口腔乾燥感を従属変数、性、神経症症状および口渇高頻度薬剤の服用を説明変数としたロジスティック回帰分析を行った結果、神経症症状のある者(オッズ比:2.059、p&lt;0.05)および口渇高頻度薬剤の服用者(オッズ比:2.552、p&lt;0.05)は、そうでない者と比べ統計学的に有意に口腔乾燥感のある者の割合が高かった。以上により、高齢者において神経症症状が、服薬と同様に口腔乾燥感に関連していることが示唆された。(著者抄録)

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.60.5_575

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/default/link?pub_year=2010&ichushi_jid=J00440&link_issn=&doc_id=20101109220004&doc_link_id=%2Fdk1dehea%2F2010%2F006005%2F005%2F0575-0583%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdk1dehea%2F2010%2F006005%2F005%2F0575-0583%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟歯学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会  

新潟県では,学校と歯科医療機関の連携を築くために8020育成事業を実施した.本調査では同事業の初年度の結果を評価することを目的としている.8020育成事業は,学校と歯科医療機関を連携する新体系を構築するために実施された.新潟県内の1町をのぞく110市町村が本事業に参加した.本事業に参加した人数は,小学生では138,536人,中学生では77,082人である.本事業では,通常の学校歯科健診において,要観察歯や歯肉炎が確認された学童・生徒に統一された書式により歯科医療機関で予防処置を受けるように勧奨・勧告を行った.要観察歯を所有していた学童・生徒の割合は,小学生では12.2%,中学生では19.1%であった.予防処置を受けるよう勧奨・勧告を受けた学童・生徒のうち,歯科医療機関を受診した割合は,小学生では55.6%,中学生では36.3%であった.また,歯科医療機関では,38.8%の小学生,36.3%の中学生がフィッシャーシーラントの填塞処置を受けた.一方,歯肉炎を所有していた学童・生徒の割合は,小学生では3.0%,中学生では5.9%であった.予防処置を受けるよう勧奨・勧告を受けた学童・生徒のうち,歯科医療機関を受診した割合は,小学生では54.6%,中学生では30.8%であった.歯科医療機関では,43.2%の小学生,51.0%の中学生が歯石除去の処置を,また,51.2%の小学生,56.5%の中学生が口腔衛生指導を受けた.これらの結果は,8020育成事業が学校と歯科医療機関との連携には非常に有効であったことを示している.これは,かかりつけ歯科医機能を地域単位で実践するための1つの形と考える(著者抄録)

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.55.2_113

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2005153025

Language：Japanese  

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Language：Japanese  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：新潟歯学会  

本学歯学部附属病院の通院・受診しやすい環境づくりを考える上で疾病治療ならびに健康状態の主観的改善,そして医師の技能や説明には高い信頼と評価が得られたものの,事務部門の対人関係を含めた病院を取り巻く諸設備には患者サービスの視点から改善すべき点がある

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