Grant amount：\17160000 （ Direct Cost: \13200000 、 Indirect Cost：\3960000 ）

本研究は、これまで行なってきた日本・モンゴル共同プロジェクトによる遺跡調査・研究の成果に基づくものであり、モンゴル帝国時代の重要な軍事拠点ハルザン・シレグ遺跡およびその他の交通の要衝に位置する遺跡を研究対象の中心としている。2016年の本遺跡の発掘調査で、モンゴル帝国時代の仏像の一部とそれを安置した建造物を発見したが、本研究は、さらに発掘を進め、出土した遺物を分析・研究し、この地を拠点とする「草原のシルクロード」の意義を解明するものである。
我々の研究はモンゴル国でも関心が高く、2019年度は5月に、その意義について、研究代表者の村岡がモンゴル国立大学で講演をした。本研究期間内における大きな意義の一つとして、16年に発見した仏像については、貴重な文化財であることから、18年9月にモンゴル国立歴史博物館で他の出土物と共に展示会を行ない、モンゴル西部現地の博物館に返還寄贈したことを昨年度の実績概要でも述べた。19年9月には、18年に発表した研究分担者の中田・村岡の共著論文「アルタイ地方におけるモンゴル帝国時代の仏像の発見と意義」をモンゴル語に翻訳して冊子とし、発刊した（「10．研究発表〔図書〕」参照）。その翻訳、刊行、発刊記念のシンポジウム開催等の費用については、本科研より支出した。シンポジウムはモンゴル現地の研究者や一般の人々、報道機関も多く集まり、好評を博した。
その後、研究代表者および研究分担者は、ハルザン・シレグ遺跡と並んで、我々が重要と考える釈迦院遺跡のモンゴル側主導により発掘調査に参加した。出土した骨片や木片については放射性炭素年代測定を行なった。本遺跡は、現存する「釈迦院碑」の内容から、モンゴル帝国時代に建造されたと考えられてきたが、今回の測定分析の結果、まぎれもなくモンゴル帝国時代のものであると初めて科学的にも証明されことは、大きな成果であった。

researchmap

Authorship：Principal investigator  Grant type：Competitive

researchmap

Grant amount：\18070000 （ Direct Cost: \13900000 、 Indirect Cost：\4170000 ）

The research work has been aimed for (1) estblishing the academic knowledge base of the heritage of "the Great Burkhan Khaldun Mountain and its surrounding sacred landscape," (2) doing the comparative studies with that of Mt. Fuji, and (3) investigating surrounding monastery Bereeven and the site Rashaan Khad in order to give effective proposal for their registration as a World Heritage, based on the resulting new findings, in order to reconstruct Mongolian religious history.
As a result, (1) we published the collection of Mongolian ancient documents on the Great Burhkan Khardun Ritual, (2) we made an effective proposal for preparing the "Preservation Status Report" submitted to the UNESCO by the Mongolian government in December 2018, (3) we published the papers of the international symposium held in Ulaanbaatar in September 2018.

researchmap

Authorship：Principal investigator  Grant type：Competitive

researchmap

Grant amount：\42900000 （ Direct Cost: \33000000 、 Indirect Cost：\9900000 ）

As the international joint project with the Mongolian Historical and Archaeological Institute of Mongolian Academy of Science, during the periods from 2015 to 2017, we excavated the Dongoin Shiree site in the Tevshinshiree county, Suchbaatar province of Eastern Mongolia.
As the result of this project, we could find 14 inscriptions and several archaeological materials such as fragments of several animal bones and vessels at the center and surroundings of the mound of this site.
From the research of the inscriptions, at this present we can say that this is built for the prince titled Yabgu, later Tolis Shad of the governor of the Eastern Mongolia in the reign of the Bilge Qaghan (716-735) of the Second Old Turkic Qaghanate.

researchmap

Grant amount：\14690000 （ Direct Cost: \11300000 、 Indirect Cost：\3390000 ）

This research aims to elaborate on the overlooked history of the Mongolian Plateau during the Mongolian empire (1206-1259) and the Yuan dynasty (1260-1388) based on archaeological materials collected in Mongolia since 1994 as well as on other sources. We clarified the bureaucratic structure of the regional government of the Mongolian plateau of the Yuan dynasty in 1347 from inscriptions. And based on a Carbon 14 radiocarbon analysis of archaeological materials from the site of the Khalzan shireg fortress in Gobi Altai province, we confirmed that the fortress date from the 13th and 14th century to conclude that the ruins are remnants of the Chinqai Balgasun of that time period. The study provide a comprehensive reconstruction of the political, economic, and other aspects of the history of the Mongolian Plateau during the 13th and 14th Centuries by utilizing these new primary source materials recovered in Mongolia and Chinese, Mongolian, Uyghur, Persian and other written records.

researchmap

Grant amount：\17290000 （ Direct Cost: \13300000 、 Indirect Cost：\3990000 ）

As a result of having performed the excavation in the remains of Kharakhorum Ruins for the seeking to make clear the consistency between and possibilities for synthesis of newly discovered 13th to 17th century Buddhist remains / written sources and older philological historical research, we came to the conclusion that the Buddhist temple Xingyuange興元閣 was erected as a buddhist one from the start, and not a palace remains of Ogodei Khaan, and that the palace remains would be elsewhere in deiffrent place, probably inside of current Erdene-Zuu Monastery aera.
As a result of the above-mentioned study, we have held International Conference on Ten Years of the World Heritage Site - Orkhon Valley Cultural Landscape: Past and Present in Kharkhorin, and have published the book for the papers of the Conference, and the third volume of the journal The Heritage of Orkhon Valley, respectively.

researchmap

Grant amount：\15730000 （ Direct Cost: \12100000 、 Indirect Cost：\3630000 ）

本研究は、QuickBird, Coronaなどの高解像度衛星画像をベースとして,地理学・歴史学・考古学・第四紀学などが連携した文理融合的研究を通して,点から線さらに面への空間的視点,および,過去から現在あるいは現在から過去への時間的視点の両側面から,囲郭・集落(居住拠点跡),耕地・耕地跡(生産活動),水利用(灌漑水路跡),それらの空間的関係(施設配置,シルクロード,交通路),さらに放棄後の景観変化などを例として,中央アジアから中国,モンゴルにかけての乾燥・半乾燥地域を主な対象として,遺跡立地と景観復元に関わる方法論,衛星考古地理学的研究法を確立することを目的とした.
2012年度は、2011年度に引き続き,モンゴル南部オムノゴビ県のサイリン・バルガスン遺跡および周辺地域において,モンゴル科学アカデミー考古研究所の協力を得て,研究分担者の白石を中心として、囲郭の詳細,灌漑水路跡の有無確認などの現地調査を8月に実施した.また、6月には、研究分担者の小方が「1960年代に撮影された偵察衛星写真の遺跡探査・歴史的景観復原における有用性」のタイトルで、京都大学で開催された日本文化財科学会第29回大会で、成果の一部を発表した。
しかしながら、研究代表者相馬の予期せぬ急逝により当該研究の遂行が不可能となったため、残念ながら本研究課題は、8月11日をもって終了することとなった。

researchmap

Authorship：Principal investigator  Grant type：Competitive

researchmap

Authorship：Principal investigator  Grant type：Competitive

researchmap

Authorship：Principal investigator  Grant type：Competitive

researchmap

Grant amount：\32370000 （ Direct Cost: \24900000 、 Indirect Cost：\7470000 ）

A joint Japanese-Mongolian project has been comprehensively surveying and reseraching the Monastery Erdene-Zuu, UNESCO's World cultural heritage site, from the restration of the past to the preservation for the future. As a result, 1) we discovered one inscription of the 14th century and one ink-wrinting of the 16th century, 2) we found a 1 meter deep garbage hole in the south west part of the monastery, and also found multi-sutatum from 8th to 2oth centuries.

researchmap

Authorship：Principal investigator  Grant type：Competitive

researchmap

Authorship：Principal investigator  Grant type：Competitive

researchmap

Grant amount：\39390000 （ Direct Cost: \30300000 、 Indirect Cost：\9090000 ）

At first we make and supplement databases of wooden manuscripts, entombed bottles, and brick & wall paintings of tombs. And we study the local and basic society in ancient China from 2nd for 3rd century multiplely. We can understand that an order of Hu(戸) was in process of constitution through the database of wooden manuscripts, and burial type and conviction differed notably every district named Jun(郡) through databases of entombed bottles and brick & wall paintings of tombs.

researchmap

In this study, the following databases and GIS of medieval sites and artifacts in the Russian Far East, the China northeast, and Mongolia were created. : The medieval castle sites database and GIS, the survey map collection of medieval castle sites, the database of the Kitai era epitaphs, the database of the medieval official seals in North East Asia: Official seals database was exhibited by Gloval base.
As the research of medieval productions, The ruins of iron metallurgy was excavated in Mongolia and the elucidation of the iron production by sample analysis was performed. In Russia, medieval livestock breeding and farming were studied by identification of animal bones and seed samples.
Moreover, the improvement in accuracy of a survey of large-scale sites and the increase in efficiency of survey work were performed.
Restoration by CG of Shaiga castle site was advanced. Presumed houses, large-sized buildings, defence institutions, and person's depiction were incorporated in CG.
In the general meeting, each study participant's result was announced and the argument was made about many problems about the medieval city sites. Simultaneously, the resume of meeting data was published.
In the report, the introduction of the CG, the outline of this study, the research of the surveying method, the study of medieval traffic routes by GIS, the space analysis inside the castle sites, the collections of Kitai epitaph, fortress survey maps and photographs were published. Moreover the outline of the above fruits of work was exhibited in HP.

researchmap

Authorship：Principal investigator  Grant type：Competitive

Grant amount：\7300000 （ Direct Cost: \5110000 、 Indirect Cost：\2190000 ）

researchmap

Authorship：Principal investigator  Grant type：Competitive

researchmap

Grant amount：\16190000 （ Direct Cost: \13100000 、 Indirect Cost：\3090000 ）

We have studied for the purpose of clarify the actual situation of the trade ceramics with the area in Central Asia and in the former Southern Song dynasty. We set the investigation ground the Kharkhorum site which was a capital of Mongolia, and we reexamined ceramics which Russia Science Academy team excavated once and took pictures and the making of the drawings of the fragments, and published the two reports which attached English summary. Furthermore, we investigated Yuan blue and white porcelains discovered in Southeast Asia.

researchmap

Grant amount：\11570000 （ Direct Cost: \8900000 、 Indirect Cost：\2670000 ）

本年度は、2回の研究会議を開催したほか、野外調査としてモンゴル・ウランヘレム遺跡およびその周辺土城の測量調査を行った。また中央アジア史料調査、モンゴル周辺出土中国陶磁器調査、モンゴル中世遺跡データベース作成を行った。
5月21日に東京にて第1回研究集会を行った。11月26日には東京にて研究会議を開催し、モンゴル契丹土城の諸様相について研究発表・討議を行った。
8月後半にモンゴル・ウランヘレム遺跡および周辺のウイグル・遼代・元代の土城の測量調査を、GPSおよびトータルステーションを用いて行った。その結果、ウランヘレム遺跡が4辺を略方形に外周2.6kmの二重の土塁と堀によって囲む城郭であることが判明した。また城壁には馬面を築き、馬面の外側下に平坦面を対置すること、城壁の南・西・東側中央に甕城を有する城門を各一門築くこと、城内は東西南北の門をつなぐ幅20m以上の道により大きく4分されること、基壇跡や塔跡と考えられる遺構を配する大区画も存在するが、小区画が城内の大半を占めることが明らかとなった。遺物分布調査では城内から契丹の瓦や陶器を採集した。
測量調査と並行して現地でモンゴル出土中国陶磁器の資料調査を行い、元青花などの実測図作成・写真撮影を行った。およびデータベース作成を行った。帰国後にデータベース作成を行った。
現地調査のほかに国内において中央アジア史料調査を国内で行ったほか、モンゴル中世遺跡データベース作成を行った。

researchmap

Authorship：Principal investigator  Grant type：Competitive

researchmap

Grant amount：\11700000 （ Direct Cost: \10800000 、 Indirect Cost：\900000 ）

This research project is concerned with the development of the Urbanization and Traffic in Mongolia between 6th and 14th century, based on the inscriptions and documents written in Old Turkic, Mongol, Arabic, Persian, and Chinese languages, and the archaeological researches. Some achievements of the research had been published in the Newsletter 1, 2, and 3. This report contains 10 articles completed by the investigators of the project Contents of 10 articles are as below ;
The head of this research project, Matsuda reconstructed the process of the development of the urbanization and traffic in the Area from B.C. 2nd C. It is a general introduction to the recognition of the other 9 articles. It was 8^th century that, in Mongolia, walled cities were begun to constructed in 8th century. Increasing silk trade from China proper under the Tang needed a store site there. The trade through Mongolia became prevalent step by step and reached climax in 14th century under the Mogol-Yuan rule.
Osawa researched the period before the appearance of walled cities, by reading inscriptions written in Runic scripts of the Old Turkic.
Moriyasu investigated the Sine-usu inscription to recognized the construction of the first city of the Uighur Empire, Bay-baliq, by SoGdian and Chinese.
Uno, comparing the descriptions of the Secret History of the Mongols (SH) and Jami' Tawarikh, made it clear that SH contains false statements. His research presented a stable base for our researches of the period.
Muraoka investigated the Inscriptions of San-huang-miao三皇廟, Three-Medical-Saints Shrine in Qara-qorum city and the Descendants of Mongke Qa'an possessing the fief around the city.
Matsukawa researched a Mongolian Inscription of a Buddhist temple called the Xingyuan ge 興元閣 in Qara-qorum.
Matsui and Nakamura had published the researches of Chinese inscriptions from Qara-qorum in the Newsletter 01, and Matsui the Uighur Inscriptions in the Yulin Caves 楡林窟. Nakamura investigated the title and annual visiting course of National and Imperial Preceptors 国師/帝師 in the Mongol Period. Yajima and Isogai had presenting Persian and Mongolian Inscription from Qaraqorum on the other journal and Yajima deciphered an Arabic epitaph discovered to south-east from Qara-qorum.
Those researches totally reconstructed the prosperity of the Qara-qorum in 14th century under the Yuan dynasty rule. Shiraishi presented his analysis result of the ceramic fragments from Ruined Sites of Sharga.

researchmap

Authorship：Principal investigator  Grant type：Competitive

Grant amount：\3700000 （ Direct Cost: \3700000 ）

researchmap

Grant amount：\38600000 （ Direct Cost: \38600000 ）

現地調査として,モンゴルアウラガ宮殿址発掘調査、ロシア沿海地方金・東夏代城郭測量・測定調査、中国内蒙古契丹都城関連遺跡・資料調査を継続した。アウラガ宮殿では都市部を調査し、新たな祭祀遺構を確認した。ロシアでは、遺跡地理情報の取得を沿海地方中南部において行い、平地城址であるマイスコエ城址の測量,マリヤノフカ城址などの位置データを得た。GPS等の器材による大規模遺跡調査法に関して、スタティック測量法などの試行による精度の改善などの改良を行った。中国における契丹遺跡調査では、遺跡の地理情報取得、詳細地形の確認,碑文調査を行った。中国・ロシアの遺跡に関しては、文献資料・古地図に加え,衛星画像情報による確認を行い,位置情報データベースを作成した。さらにそのデータを利用して,GIS用のデータへ変換した。また,収集した等からデータの抽出を行った。これまで収集したロシア・中国の城郭の図を,現地で得た位置情報・詳細情報を用いて修正し,世界座標に準じた図面を作成した。出土官印データベースの資料収集・修正・位置情報添付を行い,グローバルベース公開用の資料を完成させ,同時に同資料のGISデータへの変換も行った。これにより以上のデータを,北東アジア中世遺跡GISの基礎データとした。特に,金・東夏代の城郭については,GISを利用し分布・地形・水系等との地理データによる分析を開始した。
生産流通研究では、ロシアを中心に,出土種子,動物遺存体のデータを収集した。この他にB01--1班と協力し古地磁気編年開発のためのデータをシャイガ城址で実施した。資料等の手法を現場で応用した。土器編年研究に関してはパクロフカ文化陶質土器と渤海土器比較・編年作業を進めた。
また、金・東夏代城址の3DCG復元のため、シャイガ城址の現地視察と遺構確認を行い,その結果を基にこれまでの不明部分の修正を行った。HPの運営を継続し,研究成果を公開した。

researchmap

Authorship：Principal investigator  Grant type：Competitive

researchmap

Grant amount：\6500000 （ Direct Cost: \6500000 ）

The aim of this project is to investigate historical materials related to the religious lives in Eurasia. Especially, we had used the materials that have been kept in the Archives at St.Petersburg, Russia. In the Eurasian continent a lot of different religions have been believed in various nations. These plural religions in Eurasian influenced not only the life styles but also taxation and transport systems. In present times, where globalization is very common and disputes are frequent, studying the history of religions in Eurasia could be a very significant help to us. The scientific aim of this project is to clarify the background to the growth of the religions. Our investigation clarified the life style of Eurasia during the ancient and medieval period. For example we could clarify the background of the prosperity of the Mongol Empire. It is still only partially investigated, but this study, which is based on historical materials, could provide new, positive results that differ from those obtained from the former studies, which include many legendary stories that cannot be verified. Further researches of the archives will be effective in unraveling the structure of the plural religious lives and the background of race formation in Eurasia.

researchmap

Authorship：Principal investigator  Grant type：Competitive

researchmap

Authorship：Principal investigator  Grant type：Competitive

researchmap

Authorship：Principal investigator  Grant type：Competitive

researchmap

Grant amount：\10600000 （ Direct Cost: \10600000 ）

About the origin of pottery in East Asia, we have promoted an active interchange among Japanese, Chinese and Russian archaeologists tounderstand the trend of archaeological investugation and to collect materials. As a consequence of our stydy, we realized that three were various chance of poterry making in the biginning of Neolithic East Asia and we had toevaluate it from various point of view.
1, In the far eastern district of Russia, it was clear that Osipovka culture, have been considered to be a microblade industry with points in final paleolithic, had pottery. Carbon-14 dating suggestedthat the date of Gontyaruka site in Khabarovsk city go back over 10,000B.P..
2, Tang Chug, he is a investigators of this project, gave a presentation on pottery that were found with microblades in the northern China which were decorated with nail-impressd patterns, and he figured out that those resemble incipient-Jomon pottery in the western Japan. We comfirmed that the date of sherds from Kotouryou site were over 10,000B.P.by thermoluminescence dating.
3, We saw artifacts from Xian Ren Dong cave and other many sites in south China, and we could clear that the clusters of lithic artifacts in those sites were unfixed-form flake industries, and the majority were piece esquillees. those pottery in period of emergence had thick wall and large quartz temper, and it is much defferent from incipient-Jomon pottery. About the manufacturing technique of pottery, we could not agree to "small slabs pasting method", we think both pottery in Japan and China were formed by "ring building method".
4, We can figure out that unfixed-form flake industries from final paleolithic to the beginning of Neolithic in south China were similar to industries in Japan, especially the southwestern islands and south Kyusyu. and we saw stone tools from Xuon Chai site in Vietnam, and we understood those was much defferent from Hoa-Binh culture.

researchmap