研究者詳細 - 小野寺　理

Mutations in COQ2 in Familial and Sporadic Multiple-System Atrophy 査読

Jun Mitsui, Takashi Matsukawa, Hiroyuki Ishiura, Yoko Fukuda, Yaeko Ichikawa, Hidetoshi Date, Budrul Ahsan, Yasuo Nakahara, Yoshio Momose, Yuji Takahashi, Atsushi Iwata, Jun Goto, Yorihiro Yamamoto, Makiko Komata, Katsuhiko Shirahige, Kenju Hara, Akiyoshi Kakita, Mitsunori Yamada, Hitoshi Takahashi, Osamu Onodera, Masatoyo Nishizawa, Hiroshi Takashima, Ryozo Kuwano, Hirohisa Watanabe, Mizuki Ito, Gen Sobue, Hiroyuki Soma, Ichiro Yabe, Hidenao Sasaki, Masashi Aoki, Kinya Ishikawa, Hidehiro Mizusawa, Kazuaki Kanai, Takamichi Hattori, Satoshi Kuwabara, Kimihito Arai, Shigeru Koyano, Yoshiyuki Kuroiwa, Kazuko Hasegawa, Tatsuhiko Yuasa, Kenichi Yasui, Kenji Nakashima, Hijiri Ito, Yuishin Izumi, Ryuji Kaji, Takeo Kato, Susumu Kusunoki, Yasushi Osaki, Masahiro Horiuchi, Tomoyoshi Kondo, Shigeo Murayama, Nobutaka Hattori, Mitsutoshi Yamamoto, Miho Murata, Wataru Satake, Tatsushi Toda, Alexandra Duerr, Alexis Brice, Alessandro Filla, Thomas Klockgether, Ullrich Wuellner, Garth Nicholson, Sid Gilman, Clifford W. Shults, Caroline M. Tanner, Walter A. Kukull, Virginia M. -Y. Lee, Eliezer Masliah, Phillip A. Low, Paola Sandroni, John Q. Trojanowski, Laurie Ozelius, Tatiana Foroud, Shoji Tsuji

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 369 ( 3 ) 233 - 244 2013年7月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC

Background
Multiple-system atrophy is an intractable neurodegenerative disease characterized by autonomic failure in addition to various combinations of parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, and pyramidal dysfunction. Although multiple-system atrophy is widely considered to be a nongenetic disorder, we previously identified multiplex families with this disease, which indicates the involvement of genetic components.
Methods
In combination with linkage analysis, we performed whole-genome sequencing of a sample obtained from a member of a multiplex family in whom multiple-system atrophy had been diagnosed on autopsy. We also performed mutational analysis of samples from members of five other multiplex families and from a Japanese series (363 patients and two sets of controls, one of 520 persons and one of 2383 persons), a European series (223 patients and 315 controls), and a North American series (172 patients and 294 controls). On the basis of these analyses, we used a yeast complementation assay and measured enzyme activity of parahydroxybenzoate-polyprenyl transferase. This enzyme is encoded by the gene COQ2 and is essential for the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q(10). Levels of coenzyme Q(10) in lymphoblastoid cells and brain tissue were measured on high-performance liquid chromatography.
Results
We identified a homozygous mutation (M78V-V343A/M78V-V343A) and compound heterozygous mutations (R337X/V343A) in COQ2 in two multiplex families. Furthermore, we found that a common variant (V343A) and multiple rare variants in COQ2, all of which are functionally impaired, are associated with sporadic multiple-system atrophy. The V343A variant was exclusively observed in the Japanese population.
Conclusions
Functionally impaired variants of COQ2 were associated with an increased risk of multiple-system atrophy in multiplex families and patients with sporadic disease, providing evidence of a role of impaired COQ2 activities in the pathogenesis of this disease. (Funded by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and others.)
Multiple-system atrophy is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by autonomic failure. Mutations affecting an enzyme essential for the synthesis of coenzyme Q10 confer susceptibility to the disease in some persons.

DOI： 10.1056/NEJMoa1212115

[Hereditary cerebral small-vessel disease]. 査読

Nozaki H, Nishizawa M, Onodera O

Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 71 ( 3 ) 545 - 554 2013年3月

Hereditary Diffuse Leukoencephalopathy with Spheroids (HDLS): Clinical Characteristics and Molecular Analyses of CSF-1R 査読

Konno Takuya, Tada Masayoshi, Koyama Akihide, Tada Mari, Sugai Akihiro, Nozaki Hiroaki, Matsunaga Akiko, Harigaya Yasuo, Nishimiya Jin, Ishihara Kenji, Yoneda Makoto, Kakita Akiyoshi, Takahashi Hitoshi, Kawamura Mitsuru, Onodera Osamu, Nishizawa Masatoyo, Ikeuchi Takeshi

NEUROLOGY 80 2013年2月

Early Clinical Features in Japanese Patients with Pathologically Proven Progressive Supranuclear Palsy with Cerebellar Ataxia 査読

Masato Kanazawa, Takayoshi Shimohata, Mari Tada, Osamu Onodera, Hitoshi Takahashi, Masatoyo Nishizawa

NEUROLOGY 80 2013年2月

Molecular pathogenesis of ALS in TDP43 era 査読

Osamu Onodera

Clinical Neurology 53 ( 11 ) 1077 - 1079 2013年

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

To clarify the molecular pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) associated with TAR-DNA binding protein 43?kDd (TDP-43), the quality and quantity of TDP-43 take a crucial role. Regarding to the quality of TDP-43, TDP-43 has been reported as an aggregate-prone protein. Especially the C-terminus of the TDP-43 tends to form aggregate and has prion-like domain. Interestingly the mutations in the genes, which produce proteins with prion-like domain, have been identified in several neurodegenerative disorders. These results suggest the existence of the common property in the causative proteins for neurodegenerative disorders. For the quantity of TDP-43, the adequate amount of TDP-43 is necessary for maintaining cell function and cell survival. The amount of TDP-43 is tightly regulated by TDP-43. However the mechanism for autoregulation has not been fully elucidated. For the function of TDP-43, TDP-43 locates at stress granule, GEM and associates with the large genes and introns. Thus the alteration of TDP-43 may affect the function of stress granule, GEM and RNA metabolism in several genes. Moreover a U12 type spliceosome, which is matured in GEM, is decreased in ALS. The investigation of whether these dysfunctions explain the selective pathology in ALS provides a new therapeutic strategy for ALS.

DOI： 10.5692/clinicalneurol.53.1077

Japanese amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9ORF72 査読

Takuya Konno, Atsushi Shiga, Akira Tsujino, Akihiro Sugai, Taisuke Kato, Kazuaki Kanai, Akio Yokoseki, Hiroto Eguchi, Satoshi Kuwabara, Masatoyo Nishizawa, Hitoshi Takahashi, Osamu Onodera

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 84 ( 4 ) 398 - 401 2013年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：BMJ Publishing Group

Background A GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9ORF72 occurs on a chromosome 9p21 locus that is linked with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in white populations. The diseases resulting from this expansion are referred to as 'c9FTD/ALS'. It has been suggested that c9FTD/ALS arose from a single founder. However, the existence of c9FTD/ALS in non-white populations has not been evaluated. Results We found two index familial ALS (FALS) patients with c9FTD/ALS in the Japanese population. The frequency of c9FTD/ALS was 3.4% (2/58 cases) in FALS. No patients with sporadic ALS (n=110) or control individuals (n=180) had the expansion. Neuropathological findings of an autopsy case were indistinguishable from those of white patients. Although the frequency of risk alleles identified in white subjects is low in Japanese, one patient had all 20 risk alleles and the other had all but one. The estimated haplotype indicated that the repeat expansion in these patients was located on the chromosome with the risk haplotype identified in white subjects. Conclusions C9ORF72 repeat expansions were present in a Japanese cohort of ALS patients, but they were rare. Intriguingly, Japanese patients appear to carry the same risk haplotype identified in white populations.

DOI： 10.1136/jnnp-2012-302272

Alteration of POLDIP3 Splicing Associated with Loss of Function of TDP-43 in Tissues Affected with ALS 査読

Atsushi Shiga, Tomohiko Ishihara, Akinori Miyashita, Misaki Kuwabara, Taisuke Kato, Norihiro Watanabe, Akie Yamahira, Chigusa Kondo, Akio Yokoseki, Masuhiro Takahashi, Ryozo Kuwano, Akiyoshi Kakita, Masatoyo Nishizawa, Hitoshi Takahashi, Osamu Onodera

PLOS ONE 7 ( 8 ) e43120 2012年8月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset neurodegenerative disease caused by selective loss of motor neurons. In the ALS motor neurons, TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) is dislocated from the nucleus to cytoplasm and forms inclusions, suggesting that loss of a nuclear function of TDP-43 may underlie the pathogenesis of ALS. TDP-43 functions in RNA metabolism include regulation of transcription, mRNA stability, and alternative splicing of pre-mRNA. However, a function of TDP-43 in tissue affected with ALS has not been elucidated. We sought to identify the molecular indicators reflecting on a TDP-43 function. Using exon array analysis, we observed a remarkable alteration of splicing in the polymerase delta interacting protein 3 (POLDIP3) as a result of the depletion of TDP-43 expression in two types of cultured cells. In the cells treated with TDP-43 siRNA, wild-type POLDIP3 (variant-1) decreased and POLDIP3 lacking exon 3 (variant-2) increased. The RNA binding ability of TDP-43 was necessary for inclusion of POLDIP3 exon 3. Moreover, we found an increment of POLDIP3 variant-2 mRNA in motor cortex, spinal cord and spinal motor neurons collected by laser capture microdissection with ALS. Our results suggest a loss of TDP-43 function in tissues affected with ALS, supporting the hypothesis that a loss of function of TDP-43 underlies the pathogenesis of ALS.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0043120

Primary lateral sclerosis: Upper-motor-predominant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with frontotemporal lobar degeneration - immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses of TDP-43 査読

Takayuki Kosaka, Yong-Juan Fu, Atsushi Shiga, Haruka Ishidaira, Chun-Feng Tan, Takashi Tani, Ryoko Koike, Osamu Onodera, Masatoyo Nishizawa, Akiyoshi Kakita, Hitoshi Takahashi

NEUROPATHOLOGY 32 ( 4 ) 373 - 384 2012年8月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is clinically defined as a disorder selectively affecting the upper motor neuron (UMN) system. However, recently it has also been considered that PLS is heterogeneous in its clinical presentation. To elucidate the association of PLS, or disorders mimicking PLS, with 43-kDa TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) abnormality, we examined two adult patients with motor neuron disease, which clinically was limited almost entirely to the UMN system, and was followed by progressive frontotemporal atrophy. In the present study, the distribution and severity, and biochemical profile of phosphorylated TDP-43 (pTDP-43) in the brains and spinal cords were examined immunohistochemically and biochemically. Pathologically, in both cases, frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin inclusions (FTLD-U) was evident, with the most severe degeneration in the motor cortex. An important feature in both cases was the presence of Bunina bodies and/or ubiquitin inclusions, albeit very rarely, in the well preserved lower motor neurons. The amygdala and neostriatum were also affected. pTDP-43 immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of many positively stained neuronal cytoplamic inclusions (NCIs) and dystrophic neurites/neuropil threads in the affected frontotemporal cortex and subcortical gray matter. By contrast, such pTDP-43 lesions, including NCIs, were observed in only a few lower motor neurons. pTDP-43 immunoblotting revealed that fragments of similar to 25-kDa were present in the cortices, but not in the spinal cord in both cases. Genetically, neither of the patients had any mutation in the TDP-43 gene. In conclusion, we consider that although PLS may be a clinically significant disease entity, at autopsy, the majority of such clinical cases would present as upper-motor-predominant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with FTLD-TDP.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2011.01271.x

Prevalence of inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptor type 1 gene deletion, the mutation for spinocerebellar ataxia type 15, in Japan screened by gene dosage 査読

Masato Obayashi, Kinya Ishikawa, Yuishin Izumi, Makoto Takahashi, Yusuke Niimi, Nozomu Sato, Osamu Onodera, Ryuji Kaji, Masatoyo Nishizawa, Hidehiro Mizusawa

JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 57 ( 3 ) 202 - 206 2012年3月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 15 (SCA15) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterized by late-onset, slowly progressive pure cerebellar ataxia. This disease is caused by a heterozygous deletion of the inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptor type 1 (ITPR1) gene, suggesting that haploinsufficiency of the receptor function is the plausible disease mechanism. To clarify the prevalence of SCA15 in Japan, we designed four sets of probes and primers in different regions of ITPR1 and performed TaqMan PCR assay to search for gene deletions in 226 index SCA patients excluded for repeat expansion disorders. Deletion was found in only one patient, in whom gait ataxia started at 51 years of age and progressed to show cerebellar ataxia. This study demonstrates a simple but efficient method for screening ITPR1 deletion. We also conclude that ITPR1 gene deletions are much rare in Japan than in Europe, comprising only 0.3% in all SCAs in Japan. Journal of Human Genetics (2012) 57, 202-206; doi:10.1038/jhg.2012.5; published online 9 February 2012

DOI： 10.1038/jhg.2012.5

Co-occurrence of argyrophilic grain disease in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 査読

K. Soma, Y. -J. Fu, K. Wakabayashi, O. Onodera, A. Kakita, H. Takahashi

NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY 38 ( 1 ) 54 - 60 2012年2月

What is ataxia? - Towards developing a new scale for ataxia 査読

Osamu Onodera

Clinical Neurology 52 ( 11 ) 988 - 989 2012年

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）

The molecular mechanism for ataxias has been elucidated in past 20 years. However, still it has not been developed a effective drug which prevents the disease progression or improves their symptom. One of the reasons for that is that the scales for ataxias, which we are using, are not suitable for clinical trial. The number of participant and the duration for a clinical trial is determined by the sensitivity and stability of scale to evaluate the efficacy the therapeutic methods. The available scale for ataxias needs more than 100 participants to evaluation the efficacy in more than 80% power. In addition, most of the scales for ataxias are a categorized scale, which is less sensitive and stable than a continuous scale. For success for clinical trial, we have to develop a new continuous scale for ataxias. In this symposium, we will learn the recent advance of physiological role of cerebellum and imagine a new continuous scale for evaluation for ataxias.

DOI： 10.5692/clinicalneurol.52.988

Difference in MSA Phenotype Distribution Between Populations: Genetics or Environment? 査読

Tetsutaro Ozawa, Tamas Revesz, Dominic Paviour, Andrew J. Lees, Niall Quinn, Mari Tada, Akiyoshi Kakita, Osamu Onodera, Koichi Wakabayashi, Hitoshi Takahashi, Masatoyo Nishizawa, Janice L. Holton

JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2 ( 1 ) 7 - 18 2012年

記述言語：英語出版者・発行元：IOS PRESS

The reasons for the differences in emphasis on striatonigral or olivopontocerebellar involvement in multiple system atrophy (MSA) remain to be determined. Semi-quantitative pathological analyses carried out in the United Kingdom and Japan demonstrated that olivopontocerebellar-predominant pathology was more frequent in Japanese MSA than British MSA. This observation provides evidence for a difference in phenotype distribution between British and Japanese patients with definite MSA. Studies of the natural history and epidemiology of MSA carried out in various populations have revealed that the relative prevalences of clinical subtypes of MSA probably differ among populations; the majority of MSA patients diagnosed in Europe have predominant parkinsonism (MSA-P), while the majority of MSA patients diagnosed in Asia have predominant cerebellar ataxia (MSA-C). Although potential drawbacks to the published frequencies of clinical subtypes and pathological subtypes should be considered because of selection biases, the difference demonstrated in pathological subtype is also consistent with the differences in clinical subtype of MSA demonstrated between Europe and Asia. Modest alterations in susceptibility factors may contribute to the difference in MSA phenotype distribution between populations. Synergistic interactions between genetic risk variants and environmental toxins responsible for parkinsonism or cerebellar dysfunction should therefore be explored. Further investigations are needed to determine the environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors that account for the differences in clinicopathological phenotype of MSA among different populations.

DOI： 10.3233/JPD-2012-11056

[Dementia: progress in diagnosis and treatment; Topics, V. Recent topics; 4. Detection of novel dementia-related genes; 2) Dysregulation of TGF-beta family signaling and hereditary cerebral small vessel disease: insight into molecular pathogenesis of CARASIL]. 査読

Nozaki, H., Nishizawa, M., Onodera, O.

Nihon Naika Gakkai zasshi. The Journal of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine 100 ( 8 ) 2207 - 2213 2011年8月

Neuroaxonal integrity evaluated by MR spectroscopy in a case of CARASIL 査読

Yoshinori Nishimoto, Mamoru Shibata, Osamu Onodera, Norihiro Suzuki

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY 82 ( 8 ) 860 - 861 2011年8月

Functional characterization of the P1059L mutation in the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 identified in a Japanese SCA15 family 査読

Haruka Yamazaki, Hiroaki Nozaki, Osamu Onodera, Takayuki Michikawa, Masatoyo Nishizawa, Katsuhiko Mikoshiba

BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 410 ( 4 ) 754 - 758 2011年7月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 15 (SCA15) is a group of human neurodegenerative disorders characterized by a slowly progressing pure cerebellar ataxia. The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor type 1 (IP(3)R1) is an intracellular IP3-induced Ca2+ release channel that was recently identified as a causative gene for SCA15. In most case studies, a heterozygous deletion of the IP(3)R1 gene was identified. However, one Japanese SCA15 family was found to have a Pro to Leu (P1059L) substitution in IP(3)R1. To investigate the effect of the P1059L mutation, we analyzed the channel properties of the mutant human IP(3)R1 by expressing it in an IP3R-deficient B lymphocyte cell line. The P1059L mutant was a functional Ca2+ release channel with a twofold higher IP3 binding affinity compared to wild-type IP(3)R1. The cooperative dependence of the Ca2+ release activity of the mutant on IP3 concentration was reduced, but both wild-type and mutant receptors produced similar B cell receptor-induced Ca2+ signals. These results demonstrate that the Ca2+ release properties of IP(3)R1 are largely unaffected by the P1059L mutation. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.06.043

What is cerebral small vessel disease? 査読

Osamu Onodera

Clinical Neurology 51 ( 6 ) 399 - 405 2011年6月

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

An accumulating amount of evidence suggests that the white matter hyperintensities on T2 weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging predict an increased risk of dementia and gait disturbance. This state has been proposed as cerebral small vessel disease, including leukoaraiosis, Binswanger's disease, lacunar stroke and cerebral microbleeds. However, the concept of cerebral small vessel disease is still obscure. To understand the cerebral small vessel disease, the precise structure and function of cerebral small vessels must be clarified. Cerebral small vessels include several different arteries which have different anatomical structures and functions. Important functions of the cerebral small vessels are blood-brain barrier and perivasucular drainage of interstitial fluid from the brain parenchyma. Cerebral capillaries and glial endfeet, take an important role for these functions. However, the previous pathological investigations on cerebral small vessels have focused on larger arteries than capillaries. Therefore little is known about the pathology of capillaries in small vessel disease. The recent discoveries of genes which cause the cerebral small vessel disease indicate that the cerebral small vessel diseases are caused by a distinct molecular mechanism. One of the pathological findings in hereditary cerebral small vessel disease is the loss of smooth muscle cells, which is an also well-recognized finding in sporadic cerebral small vessel disease. Since pericytes have similar character with the smooth muscle cells, the pericytes should be investigated in these disorders. In addition, the loss of smooth muscle cells may result in dysfunction of drainage of interstitial fluid from capillaries. The precise correlation between the loss of smooth muscle cells and white matter disease is still unknown. However, the function that is specific to cerebral small vessel may be associated with the pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease.

DOI： 10.5692/clinicalneurol.51.399

Reduced bowel sounds in Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy patients 査読

Tetsutaro Ozawa, Etsuji Saji, Ryuji Yajima, Osamu Onodera, Masatoyo Nishizawa

CLINICAL AUTONOMIC RESEARCH 21 ( 3 ) 181 - 184 2011年6月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：SPRINGER HEIDELBERG

Digital auscultation of bowel sounds was performed in newly diagnosed, drug-na < ve patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) (n = 10), multiple system atrophy (MSA) (n = 12), progressive supranuclear palsy/corticobasal degeneration (PSP/CBD) (n = 7), and control subjects (n = 18). The number of bowel sounds per minute and the integrated time of bowel sounds were significantly lower in PD and MSA patients than in control subjects. Reduced bowel sounds may herald compromised gastrointestinal motility in patients with PD and MSA.

DOI： 10.1007/s10286-010-0102-6