研究者詳細 - 小野寺　理

論文 - 小野寺　理

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V180I genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: Severe degeneration of the inferior olivary nucleus in an autopsied patient with identification of the M2T prion strain. 国際誌

Midori Watanabe, Kosei Nakamura, Rie Saito, Atsuko Takeuchi, Tetsuya Takahashi, Tetsuyuki Kitamoto, Osamu Onodera, Akiyoshi Kakita

Neuropathology : official journal of the Japanese Society of Neuropathology 2023年5月

記述言語：英語

Genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (gCJD) with a V180I mutation (V180I gCJD) is the most common type of gCJD in Japan, characterized by an older age at onset, slower progression, and moderate to severe cortical degeneration with spongiform changes and sparing of the brainstem and cerebellum. Degeneration of the inferior olivary nucleus (IO) is rarely observed in patients with CJD but is known to occur in fatal familial insomnia (FFI) and MM2-thalamic-type sporadic CJD (sCJD-MM2T) involving type 2 prion protein (M2T prion). Here we report on an 81-year-old Japanese woman who initially developed depressive symptoms followed by progressive cognitive impairment, myoclonus, and hallucinations and died after a clinical course of 23 months. Insomnia was not evident. Genetic analysis of the prion protein (PrP) identified a V180I mutation with methionine/valine heterozygosity at codon 129. Pathologic analysis demonstrated extensive spongiform degeneration, neuronal loss in the cortices, and weak synaptic-type PrP deposition. Except for IO degeneration, the clinicopathologic features and Western blotting PrP band pattern were compatible with those of previously reported V180I gCJD cases. Quantitative analysis revealed that the neuronal density of the IO, especially in the dorsal area, was considerably reduced to the same extent as that of a patient with sCJD-MM2T but preserved in other patients with V180I gCJD and sCJD-MM1 (this patient, 2.3 ± 0.53/mm2 ; a patient with sCJD-MM2T, 4.2 ± 2; a patient with V180I gCJD, 60.5 ± 9.3; and a patient with sCJD-MM1, 84.5 ± 17.9). Use of the protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) method confirmed the presence of the M2T prion strain, suggesting that the latter might be associated with IO degeneration in V180I gCJD. Autopsy studies are necessary to better understand the nature of CJD, since even if patients present with the common clinical picture, pathologic analysis might provide new insights, as was the case here.

DOI： 10.1111/neup.12908

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Genetic factors affecting survival in Japanese patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a genome-wide association study and verification in iPSC-derived motor neurons from patients. 国際誌

Ryoichi Nakamura, Genki Tohnai, Masahiro Nakatochi, Naoki Atsuta, Hirohisa Watanabe, Daisuke Ito, Masahisa Katsuno, Akihiro Hirakawa, Yuishin Izumi, Mitsuya Morita, Takehisa Hirayama, Osamu Kano, Kazuaki Kanai, Nobutaka Hattori, Akira Taniguchi, Naoki Suzuki, Masashi Aoki, Ikuko Iwata, Ichiro Yabe, Kazumoto Shibuya, Satoshi Kuwabara, Masaya Oda, Rina Hashimoto, Ikuko Aiba, Tomohiko Ishihara, Osamu Onodera, Toru Yamashita, Koji Abe, Kouichi Mizoguchi, Toshio Shimizu, Yoshio Ikeda, Takanori Yokota, Kazuko Hasegawa, Fumiaki Tanaka, Kenji Nakashima, Ryuji Kaji, Jun-Ichi Niwa, Manabu Doyu, Chikashi Terao, Shiro Ikegawa, Koki Fujimori, Shiho Nakamura, Fumiko Ozawa, Satoru Morimoto, Kazunari Onodera, Takuji Ito, Yohei Okada, Hideyuki Okano, Gen Sobue

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry 94 ( 10 ) 816 - 824 2023年5月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

BACKGROUND: Several genetic factors are associated with the pathogenesis of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and its phenotypes, such as disease progression. Here, in this study, we aimed to identify the genes that affect the survival of patients with sporadic ALS. METHODS: We enrolled 1076 Japanese patients with sporadic ALS with imputed genotype data of 7 908 526 variants. We used Cox proportional hazards regression analysis with an additive model adjusted for sex, age at onset and the first two principal components calculated from genotyped data to conduct a genome-wide association study. We further analysed messenger RNA (mRNA) and phenotype expression in motor neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-MNs) of patients with ALS. RESULTS: Three novel loci were significantly associated with the survival of patients with sporadic ALS-FGF1 at 5q31.3 (rs11738209, HR=2.36 (95% CI, 1.77 to 3.15), p=4.85×10-9), THSD7A at 7p21.3 (rs2354952, 1.38 (95% CI, 1.24 to 1.55), p=1.61×10-8) and LRP1 at 12q13.3 (rs60565245, 2.18 (95% CI, 1.66 to 2.86), p=2.35×10-8). FGF1 and THSD7A variants were associated with decreased mRNA expression of each gene in iPSC-MNs and reduced in vitro survival of iPSC-MNs obtained from patients with ALS. The iPSC-MN in vitro survival was reduced when the expression of FGF1 and THSD7A was partially disrupted. The rs60565245 was not associated with LRP1 mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS: We identified three loci associated with the survival of patients with sporadic ALS, decreased mRNA expression of FGF1 and THSD7A and the viability of iPSC-MNs from patients. The iPSC-MN model reflects the association between patient prognosis and genotype and can contribute to target screening and validation for therapeutic intervention.

DOI： 10.1136/jnnp-2022-330851

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Machine Learning Approach for the Prediction of Age-Specific Probability of SCA3 and DRPLA by Survival Curve Analysis

Yuya Hatano, Tomohiko Ishihara, Sachiko Hirokawa, Osamu Onodera

Neurology Genetics 9 ( 3 ) e200075 - e200075 2023年5月

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Background and Objectives

As the number of repeats in the expansion increases, polyglutamine diseases tend to show at a younger age. From this relationship, attempts have been made to predict age at onset by parametric survival analysis. However, a method for a more accurate prediction has been desirable. In this study, we examined 2 methods for survival analysis using machine learning and 6 conventional methods for parametric survival analysis of spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA)3 and dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA).

Methods

We compared the performance of 2 machine learning methods of survival analysis (random survival forest [RSF] and DeepSurv) and 6 methods of parametric survival analysis (Weibull, exponential, Gaussian, logistic, loglogistic, and log Gaussian). Training and evaluation were performed using the leave-one-out cross-validation method, and evaluation criteria included root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and the integrated Brier score. The latter was used as the primary end point, and the survival analysis model yielding the best result was used to predict the asymptomatic probability.

Results

Among the models examined, the RSF and DeepSurv machine learning methods had a higher prediction accuracy than the parametric methods of survival analysis. For both SCA3 and DRPLA, RSF had a higher accuracy than DeepSurv for the assessment of RMSE (SCA3: 7.37, DRPLA: 10.78), MAE (SCA3: 5.52, DRPLA: 8.17), and the integrated Brier score (SCA3: 0.05, DRPLA: 0.077). Using RSF, we determined the age-specific probability distribution of age at onset based on CAG repeat size and current age.

Discussion

In this study, we have demonstrated the superiority of machine learning methods for predicting age at onset of SCA3 and DRPLA using survival analysis. Such accurate prediction of onset will be useful for genetic counseling of carriers and for devising methods to verify the effects of interventions for unaffected individuals.

DOI： 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200075

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Genome-wide association study identifies a new susceptibility locus in PLA2G4C for Multiple System Atrophy. 国際誌

Yasuo Nakahara, Jun Mitsui, Hidetoshi Date, Kristine Joyce Porto, Yasuhiro Hayashi, Atsushi Yamashita, Yoshio Kusakabe, Takashi Matsukawa, Hiroyuki Ishiura, Tsutomu Yasuda, Atsushi Iwata, Jun Goto, Yaeko Ichikawa, Yoshio Momose, Yuji Takahashi, Tatsushi Toda, Rikifumi Ohta, Jun Yoshimura, Shinichi Morishita, Emil K Gustavsson, Darren Christy, Melissa Maczis, Matthew J Farrer, Han-Joon Kim, Sung-Sup Park, Beomseok Jeon, Jin Zhang, Weihong Gu, Sonja W Scholz, Andrew B Singleton, Henry Houlden, Ichiro Yabe, Hidenao Sasaki, Masaaki Matsushima, Hiroshi Takashima, Akio Kikuchi, Masashi Aoki, Kenju Hara, Akiyoshi Kakita, Mitsunori Yamada, Hitoshi Takahashi, Osamu Onodera, Masatoyo Nishizawa, Hirohisa Watanabe, Mizuki Ito, Gen Sobue, Kinya Ishikawa, Hidehiro Mizusawa, Kazuaki Kanai, Satoshi Kuwabara, Kimihito Arai, Shigeru Koyano, Yoshiyuki Kuroiwa, Kazuko Hasegawa, Tatsuhiko Yuasa, Kenichi Yasui, Kenji Nakashima, Hijiri Ito, Yuishin Izumi, Ryuji Kaji, Takeo Kato, Susumu Kusunoki, Yasushi Osaki, Masahiro Horiuchi, Ken Yamamoto, Mihoko Shimada, Taku Miyagawa, Yosuke Kawai, Nao Nishida, Katsushi Tokunaga, Alexandra Dürr, Alexis Brice, Alessandro Filla, Thomas Klockgether, Ullrich Wüllner, Caroline M Tanner, Walter A Kukull, Virginia M-Y Lee, Eliezer Masliah, Phillip A Low, Paola Sandroni, Laurie Ozelius, Tatiana Foroud, Shoji Tsuji

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences 2023年5月

記述言語：英語

To elucidate the molecular basis of multiple system atrophy (MSA), a neurodegenerative disease, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a Japanese MSA case/control series followed by replication studies in Japanese, Korean, Chinese, European and North American samples. In the GWAS stage rs2303744 on chromosome 19 showed a suggestive association ( P = 6.5 × 10 -7 ) that was replicated in additional Japanese samples ( P = 2.9 × 10 -6 . OR = 1.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.30 to 1.91), and then confirmed as highly significant in a meta-analysis of East Asian population data ( P = 5.0 × 10 -15 . Odds ratio= 1.49; 95% CI 1.35 to 1.72). The association of rs2303744 with MSA remained significant in combined European/North American samples ( P =0.023. Odds ratio=1.14; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.28) despite allele frequencies being quite different between these populations. rs2303744 leads to an amino acid substitution in PLA2G4C that encodes the cPLA2γ lysophospholipase/transacylase. The cPLA2γ-Ile143 isoform encoded by the MSA risk allele has significantly decreased transacylase activity compared with the alternate cPLA2γ-Val143 isoform that may perturb membrane phospholipids and α-synuclein biology.

DOI： 10.1101/2023.05.02.23289328

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High-dose ubiquinol supplementation in multiple-system atrophy: a multicentre, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial. 国際誌

Jun Mitsui, Takashi Matsukawa, Yukari Uemura, Takuya Kawahara, Ayaka Chikada, Kristine Joyce L Porto, Hiroya Naruse, Masaki Tanaka, Hiroyuki Ishiura, Tatsushi Toda, Haruko Kuzuyama, Mari Hirano, Ikue Wada, Toshio Ga, Takashi Moritoyo, Yuji Takahashi, Hidehiro Mizusawa, Kinya Ishikawa, Takanori Yokota, Satoshi Kuwabara, Nobukatsu Sawamoto, Ryosuke Takahashi, Koji Abe, Tomohiko Ishihara, Osamu Onodera, Dai Matsuse, Ryo Yamasaki, Jun-Ichi Kira, Masahisa Katsuno, Ritsuko Hanajima, Katsuhisa Ogata, Hiroshi Takashima, Masaaki Matsushima, Ichiro Yabe, Hidenao Sasaki, Shoji Tsuji

EClinicalMedicine 59 101920 - 101920 2023年5月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

BACKGROUND: Functionally impaired variants of COQ2, encoding an enzyme in biosynthesis of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), were found in familial multiple system atrophy (MSA) and V393A in COQ2 is associated with sporadic MSA. Furthermore, reduced levels of CoQ10 have been demonstrated in MSA patients. METHODS: This study was a multicentre, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial. Patients with MSA were randomly assigned (1:1) to either ubiquinol (1500 mg/day) or placebo. The primary efficacy outcome was the change in the unified multiple system atrophy rating scale (UMSARS) part 2 at 48 weeks. Efficacy was assessed in all patients who completed at least one efficacy assessment (full analysis set). Safety analyses included patients who completed at least one dose of investigational drug. This trial is registered with UMIN-CTR (UMIN000031771), where the drug name of MSA-01 was used to designate ubiquinol. FINDINGS: Between June 26, 2018, and May 27, 2019, 139 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to the ubiquinol group (n = 69) or the placebo group (n = 70). A total of 131 patients were included in the full analysis set (63 in the ubiquinol group; 68 in the placebo group). This study met the primary efficacy outcome (least square mean difference in UMSARS part 2 score (-1.7 [95% CI, -3.2 to -0.2]; P = 0.023)). The ubiquinol group also showed better secondary efficacy outcomes (Barthel index, Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia, and time required to walk 10 m). Rates of adverse events potentially related to the investigational drug were comparable between ubiquinol (n = 15 [23.8%]) and placebo (n = 21 [30.9%]). INTERPRETATION: High-dose ubiquinol was well-tolerated and led to a significantly smaller decline of UMSARS part 2 score compared with placebo. FUNDING: Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development.

DOI： 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101920

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Parkinson症候群の治療法開発の最前線進行性核上性麻痺の新規治療法開発どのように臨床試験を成功させるか

金澤雅人, 春日健作, 島田斉, 池内健, 小野寺理

神経治療学 40 ( 3 ) 259 - 265 2023年5月

Parkinson症候群の治療法開発の最前線進行性核上性麻痺の新規治療法開発どのように臨床試験を成功させるか

金澤雅人, 春日健作, 島田斉, 池内健, 小野寺理

神経治療学 40 ( 3 ) 259 - 265 2023年5月

A human induced pluripotent stem cell model from a patient with hereditary cerebral small vessel disease carrying a heterozygous R302Q mutation in HTRA1. 国際誌

Emi Qian, Masahiro Uemura, Hiroya Kobayashi, Shiho Nakamura, Fumiko Ozawa, Sho Yoshimatsu, Mitsuru Ishikawa, Osamu Onodera, Satoru Morimoto, Hideyuki Okano

Inflammation and regeneration 43 ( 1 ) 23 - 23 2023年4月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL) is an inherited cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) caused by biallelic mutations in the high-temperature requirement serine peptidase A1 (HTRA1) gene. Even heterozygous mutations in HTRA1 are recently revealed to cause cardinal clinical features of CSVD. Here, we report the first establishment of a human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) line from a patient with heterozygous HTRA1-related CSVD. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were reprogrammed by the transfection of episomal vectors encoding human OCT3/4 (POU5F1), SOX2, KLF4, L-MYC, LIN28, and a murine dominant-negative mutant of p53 (mp53DD). The established iPSCs had normal morphology as human pluripotent stem cells and normal karyotype (46XX). Moreover, we found that the HTRA1 missense mutation (c.905G>A, p.R302Q) was heterozygous. These iPSCs expressed pluripotency-related markers and had the potential to differentiate into all three germ layers in vitro. HTRA1 and the supposed disease-associated gene NOG were differentially expressed in the patient iPSCs at mRNA levels compared to those of control lines. The iPSC line would facilitate in vitro research for understanding the cellular pathomechanisms caused by the HTRA1 mutation including its dominant-negative effect.

DOI： 10.1186/s41232-023-00273-7

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遺伝性痙性対麻痺を呈しGTP cyclohydrolase 1ヘテロ接合性変異を認めた1剖検例

本郷祥子, 他田真理, 池田哲彦, 小澤哲夫, 劉李きん, 宮下哲典, 池内健, 小野寺理, 中島孝, 柿田明美

信州医学雑誌 71 ( 2 ) 128 - 129 2023年4月

遺伝性痙性対麻痺を呈しGTP cyclohydrolase 1ヘテロ接合性変異を認めた1剖検例

本郷祥子, 他田真理, 池田哲彦, 小澤哲夫, 劉李きん, 宮下哲典, 池内健, 小野寺理, 中島孝, 柿田明美

信州医学雑誌 71 ( 2 ) 128 - 129 2023年4月

初期にCastleman病が疑われ特徴的な神経伝導検査所見を呈した61歳男性例

畠山祐樹, 坪口晋太朗, 石黒敬信, 佐治越爾, 細島康宏, 片桐隆幸, 金澤雅人, 小野寺理

臨床神経学 63 ( 4 ) 240 - 240 2023年4月

Novel Partial Deletions, Frameshift and Missense Mutations of CSF1R in Patents with CSF1R-Related Leukoencephalopathy. 国際誌

Takanobu Ishiguro, Takuya Konno, Norikazu Hara, Bin Zhu, Satoshi Okada, Mamoru Shibata, Reiko Saika, Takaya Kitano, Megumi Toko, Tomohisa Nezu, Yuka Hama, Tomoya Kawazoe, Ikuko Takahashi-Iwata, Ichiro Yabe, Kota Sato, Hayato Takeda, Shintaro Toda, Jin Nishimiya, Toshiyuki Teduka, Hiroaki Nozaki, Kensaku Kasuga, Akinori Miyashita, Osamu Onodera, Takeshi Ikeuchi

European journal of neurology 30 ( 7 ) 1861 - 1870 2023年3月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

BACKGROUND: CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy is an adult-onset leukoencephalopathy caused by mutations in CSF1R. The present study aimed to explore the broader genetic spectrum of CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy in association with clinical and imaging features. METHODS: Mutational analysis of CSF1R was performed for 100 consecutive patients with adult-onset leukoencephalopathy. Sequence and copy number variation (CNV) analyses of CSF1R were performed. The genomic ranges of the deletions were determined by long-read sequencing. Ligand-dependent autophosphorylation of CSF1R was examined in cells expressing the CSF1R mutants identified in this study. RESULTS: We identified CSF1R mutations in 15 patients, accounting for 15% of the adult-onset leukoencephalopathy cases. Seven novel and five previously reported CSF1R mutations were identified. The novel mutations, including three missense and one in-frame 3-bp deletion, were located in the tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) of CSF1R. Functional assays revealed that none of the novel mutations in the TKD showed autophosphorylation of CSF1R. We identified two partial deletions of CSF1R that resulted in the lack of the C-terminal region, including the distal TKD, in two patients. Variable clinical features including cognitive impairment, psychiatric symptoms, and gait disturbance were observed. Various degrees of the white matter lesions and corpus callosum abnormalities on MRI and characteristic calcifications on CT were observed as imaging features. CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlighted the importance of examining the CNV of CSF1R even when Sanger or exome sequencing reveal no CSF1R mutations. Genetic examination of sequences and CNV analyses of CSF1R are recommended for an accurate diagnosis of CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy.

DOI： 10.1111/ene.15796

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脳血管造影検査後の発熱・意識障害で診断された神経核内封入体病(NIID)の一例

小出伸, 坪口晋太朗, 二宮格, 齋藤太希, 石黒敬信, 佐治越爾, 鈴木倫明, 金澤雅人, 小野寺理

臨床神経学 63 ( 3 ) 180 - 180 2023年3月

【ALS-どこまでわかり,どこまで治るか】原因と発症機序 TDP-43

小出眞悟, 須貝章弘, 小野寺理

Clinical Neuroscience 41 ( 3 ) 338 - 341 2023年3月

Cataract Surgery and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Hospital-based Prospective Cohort Study

Minako Wakasugi, Akio Yokoseki, Masakazu Wada, Takaiko Yoshino, Takeshi Momotsu, Kenji Sato, Hiroyuki Kawashima, Kazutoshi Nakamura, Takeo Fukuchi, Osamu Onodera, Ichiei Narita

Internal Medicine 2023年

Implications of miRNAs dysregulation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Challenging for clinical applications. 国際誌

Yuka Koike, Osamu Onodera

Frontiers in neuroscience 17 1131758 - 1131758 2023年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the selective degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. Currently, there are no effective biomarkers and fundamental therapies for this disease. Dysregulation in RNA metabolism plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of ALS. With the contribution of Next Generation Sequencing, the functions of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have gained increasing interests. Especially, micro RNAs (miRNAs), which are tissue-specific small ncRNAs of about 18-25 nucleotides, have emerged as key regulators of gene expression to target multiple molecules and pathways in the central nervous system (CNS). Despite intensive recent research in this field, the crucial links between ALS pathogenesis and miRNAs remain unclear. Many studies have revealed that ALS-related RNA binding proteins (RBPs), such as TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) and fused in sarcoma/translocated in liposarcoma (FUS), regulate miRNAs processing in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Of interest, Cu2+/Zn2+ superoxide dismutase (SOD1), a non-RBP associated with familial ALS, shows partially similar properties to these RBPs via the dysregulation of miRNAs in the cellular pathway related to ALS. The identification and validation of miRNAs are important to understand the physiological gene regulation in the CNS, and the pathological implications in ALS, leading to a new avenue for early diagnosis and gene therapies. Here, we offer a recent overview regarding the mechanism underlying the functions of multiple miRNAs across TDP-43, FUS, and SOD1 with the context of cell biology, and challenging for clinical applications in ALS.

DOI： 10.3389/fnins.2023.1131758

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Regeneration of the cerebral cortex by direct chemical reprogramming of macrophages into neuronal cells in acute ischemic stroke. 国際誌

Itaru Ninomiya, Akihide Koyama, Yutaka Otsu, Osamu Onodera, Masato Kanazawa

Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 17 1225504 - 1225504 2023年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Theoretically, direct chemical reprogramming of somatic cells into neurons in the infarct area represents a promising regenerative therapy for ischemic stroke. Previous studies have reported that human fibroblasts and astrocytes transdifferentiate into neuronal cells in the presence of small molecules without introducing ectopic transgenes. However, the optimal combination of small molecules for the transdifferentiation of macrophages into neurons has not yet been determined. The authors hypothesized that a combination of small molecules could induce the transdifferentiation of monocyte-derived macrophages into neurons and that the administration of this combination may be a regenerative therapy for ischemic stroke because monocytes and macrophages are directly involved in the ischemic area. Transcriptomes and morphologies of the cells were compared before and after stimulation using RNA sequencing and immunofluorescence staining. Microscopic analyses were also performed to identify cell markers and evaluate functional recovery by blinded examination following the administration of small molecules after ischemic stroke in CB-17 mice. In this study, an essential combination of six small molecules [CHIR99021, Dorsomorphin, Forskolin, isoxazole-9 (ISX-9), Y27632, and DB2313] that transdifferentiated monocyte-derived macrophages into neurons in vitro was identified. Moreover, administration of six small molecules after cerebral ischemia in model animals generated a new neuronal layer in the infarct cortex by converting macrophages into neuronal cells, ultimately improving neurological function. These results suggest that altering the transdifferentiation of monocyte-derived macrophages by the small molecules to adjust their adaptive response will facilitate the development of regenerative therapies for ischemic stroke.

DOI： 10.3389/fncel.2023.1225504

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SYNE1-ataxia: clinicopathologic features of an autopsied patient with novel compound heterozygous mutations

Rie Saito, Norikazu Hara, Mari Tada, Masatoshi Wakabayashi, Akinori Miyashita, Masatoyo Nishizawa, Osamu Onodera, Takeshi Ikeuchi, Akiyoshi Kakita

Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology 2022年12月

Deep learning classification of urinary sediment crystals with optimal parameter tuning. 国際誌

Takahiro Nagai, Osamu Onodera, Shujiro Okuda

Scientific reports 12 ( 1 ) 21178 - 21178 2022年12月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The examination of urinary sediment crystals, the sedimentary components of urine, is useful in screening tests, and is always performed in medical examinations. The examination of urinary sediment crystals is typically done by classifying them under a microscope. Although automated analyzers are commercially available, manual classification is required, which is time-consuming and varies depending on the technologist performing the test and the laboratory. A set of test images was created, consisting of training, validation, and test images. The training images were transformed and augmented using various methods. The test images were classified to determine the patterns that could be correctly classified. Convolutional neural networks were used for training. Furthermore, we also considered the case where the crystal subcategories were not treated as separate. Learning with all parameters except the random cropping parameter showed the highest accuracy value. Treating the subcategories together or separately did not seem to affect the accuracy value. The accuracy of the best pattern was 0.918. When matched to a real-world case, the percentage of correct answers was 88%. Although the number of images was limited, good results were obtained in the classification of crystal images with optimal parameter tuning. The parameter optimization performed in this study can be used as a reference for future studies, with the goal of image classification by deep learning in clinical practice.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-022-25385-x

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High frequency ofHTRA1ANDABCC6mutations in Japanese patients with adult-onset cerebral small vessel disease

Masahiro Uemura, Yuya Hatano, Hiroaki Nozaki, Shoichiro Ando, Hajime Kondo, Akira Hanazono, Akira Iwanaga, Hiroyuki Murota, Yosuke Osakada, Masato Osaki, Masato Kanazawa, Mitsuyasu Kanai, Yoko Shibata, Reiko Saika, Tadashi Miyatake, Hitoshi Aizawa, Takeshi Ikeuchi, Hidekazu Tomimoto, Ikuko Mizuta, Toshiki Mizuno, Tomohiko Ishihara, Osamu Onodera

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry jnnp - 2022 2022年10月

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：BMJ

Background

This study aimed to clarify the frequency and clinical features of monogenic cerebral small vessel disease (mgCSVD) among patients with adult-onset severe CSVD in Japan.

Methods

This study included patients with adult-onset severe CSVD with an age of onset ≤55 years (group 1) or >55 years and with a positive family history (group 2). After conducting conventional genetic tests forNOTCH3andHTRA1, whole-exome sequencing was performed on undiagnosed patients. Patients were divided into two groups according to the results of the genetic tests: monogenic and undetermined. The clinical and imaging features were compared between the two groups.

Results

Group 1 and group 2 included 75 and 31 patients, respectively. In total, 30 patients hadNOTCH3mutations, 11 patients hadHTRA1mutations, 6 patients hadABCC6mutations, 1 patient had aTREX1mutation, 1 patient had aCOL4A1mutation and 1 patient had aCOL4A2mutation. The total frequency of mutations inNOTCH3,HTRA1andABCC6was 94.0% in patients with mgCSVD. In group 1, the frequency of a family history of first relatives, hypertension and multiple lacunar infarctions (LIs) differed significantly between the two groups (monogenic vs undetermined; family history of first relatives, 61.0% vs 25.0%, p=0.0015; hypertension, 34.1% vs 63.9%, p=0.0092; multiple LIs, 87.8% vs 63.9%, p=0.0134).

Conclusions

More than 90% of mgCSVDs were diagnosed by screening forNOTCH3,HTRA1andABCC6. The target sequences for these three genes may efficiently diagnose mgCSVD in Japanese patients.

DOI： 10.1136/jnnp-2022-329917

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論文 - 小野寺 理

<小野寺　理>

論文 - 小野寺　理