Faculty Profiles - SONE, Hirohito

Association of increased hepatic insulin clearance and change in serum triglycerides or β-hydroxybutyrate concentration via the sodium/glucose-cotransporter 2 inhibitor tofogliflozin. Reviewed International journal

Yasuhiro Matsubayashi, Akihiro Yoshida, Hideki Suganami, Taeko Osawa, Kazuo Furukawa, Hiroshi Suzuki, Kazuya Fujihara, Shiro Tanaka, Kohei Kaku, Hirohito Sone

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 22 ( 6 ) 947 - 956 2020.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

AIMS: Obesity and hepatic fat accumulation diminish hepatic insulin clearance, which can cause hyperinsulinaemia. Sodium/glucose-cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-is) improve insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia by weight loss via increased urinary glucose excretion in type 2 diabetes. However, there are few reports of the influence of SGLT2-is on hepatic insulin clearance. We examined the impact of an SGLT2-i on hepatic insulin clearance and explored the clinical influence associated with changes in hepatic insulin clearance via an SGLT2-i and the mechanism of the effects of SGLT2-i. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were analysed from 419 patients with type 2 diabetes controlled by diet and exercise. Patients received a placebo or the SGLT2-i tofogliflozin (TOFO) (placebo: n = 56; TOFO: n = 363) orally once daily for ≥24 weeks. Hepatic insulin clearance was calculated from the ratio of areas under the curve (AUC) of C-peptide and insulin levels derived from oral meal tolerance test data (C-peptide AUC0-120 min /insulin AUC0-120 min : HICCIR ). The correlation of HICCIR via the SGLT2-i with other clinical variables was analysed using multivariate analysis. RESULTS: HICCIR was significantly increased via TOFO at week 24. Furthermore, with TOFO insulin and triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.001) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) was significantly elevated (P < 0.001). Changes in HICCIR were significantly correlated with changes in TG and BHB via TOFO. CONCLUSIONS: Increased HICCIR was significantly associated with reduced TG via TOFO and contributed to the greater increase in BHB compared with placebo in addition to the correction of hyperinsulinaemia.

DOI： 10.1111/dom.13980

Vitamin B6 intake and incidence of diabetic retinopathy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: analysis of data from the Japan Diabetes Complications Study (JDCS). Reviewed International journal

Chika Horikawa, Rei Aida, Chiemi Kamada, Kazuya Fujihara, Shiro Tanaka, Sachiko Tanaka, Atsushi Araki, Yukio Yoshimura, Tatsumi Moriya, Yasuo Akanuma, Hirohito Sone

European journal of nutrition 59 ( 4 ) 1585 - 1594 2020.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

PURPOSE: Although vitamin B6 has been suspected to prevent the progression of diabetic retinopathy, evidence of this in patients with type 2 diabetes based on longitudinal studies is sparse. This study investigated the relationship between vitamin B6 intake and the incidence of diabetic retinopathy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: The study was part of an examination of a nationwide cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes aged 40-70 years with HbA1c ≥ 48 mmol/mol. After excluding nonresponders to a dietary survey using the Food Frequency Questionnaire based on food groups, 978 patients were analyzed. Primary outcome was the 8-year risk of a diabetic retinopathy event, and Cox regression analyses estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for retinopathy according to vitamin B6 intake adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, HbA1c, smoking, energy intake, and other confounders. RESULTS: Mean vitamin B6 intake in quartiles ranged from 1.1 to 1.6 mg/day, and half of the participants had vitamin B6 intake below the recommended daily dietary allowance according to dietary reference intakes in Japanese adults (men 1.4 mg/day; women 1.2 mg/day). After adjusting for confounders, HRs for diabetic retinopathy in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartile groups of vitamin B6 intake compared with the 1st quartile group were 1.17 (95% confidence interval 0.81-1.69, p = 0.403), 0.88 (0.58-1.34, p = 0.550), and 0.50 (0.30-0.85, p = 0.010), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggested that high vitamin B6 intake was associated with a lower incidence of diabetic retinopathy in Japanese with type 2 diabetes.

DOI： 10.1007/s00394-019-02014-4

Association of Higher Baseline BNP Levels with a Greater Reduction in Plasma Volume and Increase in Beta-Hydroxybutyrate via the SGLT2 Inhibitor Tofogliflozin in Type 2 Diabetes Reviewed

Akihiro Yoshida, Yasuhiro Matsubayashi, Toshiaki Nojima, Hideki Suganami, Momoko Oe, Kazuya Fujihara, Shiro Tanaka, Kohei Kaku, Hirohito Sone

DIABETES 69 2020.6

Hepatocyte ELOVL Fatty Acid Elongase 6 Determines Ceramide Acyl-Chain Length and Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity in Mice. Reviewed International journal

Takashi Matsuzaka, Motoko Kuba, Saori Koyasu, Yuta Yamamoto, Kaori Motomura, Sundaram Arulmozhiraja, Hiroshi Ohno, Rahul Sharma, Takuya Shimura, Yuka Okajima, Song-Iee Han, Yuichi Aita, Yuhei Mizunoe, Yoshinori Osaki, Hitoshi Iwasaki, Shigeru Yatoh, Hiroaki Suzuki, Hirohito Sone, Yoshinori Takeuchi, Naoya Yahagi, Takafumi Miyamoto, Motohiro Sekiya, Yoshimi Nakagawa, Masatsugu Ema, Satoru Takahashi, Hiroaki Tokiwa, Hitoshi Shimano

Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 71 ( 5 ) 1609 - 1625 2020.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Dysfunctional hepatic lipid metabolism is a cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disorder worldwide, and is closely associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. ELOVL fatty acid elongase 6 (Elovl6) is responsible for converting C16 saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (FAs) into C18 species. We have previously shown that Elovl6 contributes to obesity-induced insulin resistance by modifying hepatic C16/C18-related FA composition. APPROACH AND RESULTS: To define the precise molecular mechanism by which hepatic Elovl6 affects energy homeostasis and metabolic disease, we generated liver-specific Elovl6 knockout (LKO) mice. Unexpectedly, LKO mice were not protected from high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance. Instead, LKO mice exhibited higher insulin sensitivity than controls when consuming a high-sucrose diet (HSD), which induces lipogenesis. Hepatic patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (Pnpla3) expression was down-regulated in LKO mice, and adenoviral Pnpla3 restoration reversed the enhancement in insulin sensitivity in HSD-fed LKO mice. Lipidomic analyses showed that the hepatic ceramide(d18:1/18:0) content was lower in LKO mice, which may explain the effect on insulin sensitivity. Ceramide(d18:1/18:0) enhances protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity by interfering with the binding of PP2A to inhibitor 2 of PP2A, leading to Akt dephosphorylation. Its production involves the formation of an Elovl6-ceramide synthase 4 (CerS4) complex in the endoplasmic reticulum and a Pnpla3-CerS4 complex on lipid droplets. Consistent with this, liver-specific Elovl6 deletion in ob/ob mice reduced both hepatic ceramide(d18:1/18:0) and PP2A activity and ameliorated insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates the key role of hepatic Elovl6 in the regulation of the acyl-chain composition of ceramide and that C18:0-ceramide is a potent regulator of hepatic insulin signaling linked to Pnpla3-mediated NAFLD.

DOI： 10.1002/hep.30953

Clinicopathological analysis of splenic red pulp low-grade B-cell lymphoma. Reviewed International journal

Takaharu Suzuki, Hiroaki Miyoshi, Joji Shimono, Keisuke Kawamoto, Fumiko Arakawa, Takuya Furuta, Kyohei Yamada, Eriko Yanagida, Mai Takeuchi, Masao Seto, Hirohito Sone, Jun Takizawa, Koichi Ohshima

Pathology international 70 ( 5 ) 280 - 286 2020.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Primary splenic low-grade B-cell lymphoma of the red pulp comprises hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and splenic B-cell lymphoma/leukemia, unclassifiable (SPLL-U). SPLL-U is a rare disease that includes subtypes of a hairy cell leukemia-variant (HCL-v), splenic diffuse red pulp small B-cell lymphoma (SDRPL) and other types that are known as narrow sense SPLL-U (SPLL-U-NS). Notably, limited information is available regarding the BRAF mutation (V600E) and cyclin D3 expression in subtypes of SPLL-U. Therefore, we performed a pathological analysis of the BRAF mutation (V600E) and characterized pathological features of SPLL-U. We reviewed the pathological findings of 12 SPLL-U cases. The 12 cases considered included two cases of HCL-v, six cases of SPLL-U-NS and four undetermined cases. The BRAF mutation (V600E) was detected in three cases, which were all SPLL-U-NS. Cases with the BRAF mutation (V600E) have increased levels of CD103 expression and decreased cyclin D3 and cyclin D1 expression compared with cases that lacked the BRAF mutation. These findings suggest that the BRAF mutation might play a significant role in SPLL-U. Therefore, the significance of the BRAF mutation should be evaluated via genomic or transcriptional analyses of a large cohort of SPLL-U patients.

DOI： 10.1111/pin.12909

CREBH Improves Diet-Induced Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Metabolic Disturbances by FGF21-Dependent and FGF21-Independent Mechanisms. Reviewed International journal

Aoi Satoh, Song-Iee Han, Masaya Araki, Yoshimi Nakagawa, Hiroshi Ohno, Yuhei Mizunoe, Kae Kumagai, Yuki Murayama, Yoshinori Osaki, Hitoshi Iwasaki, Motohiro Sekiya, Morichika Konishi, Nobuyuki Itoh, Takashi Matsuzaka, Hirohito Sone, Hitoshi Shimano

iScience 23 ( 3 ) 100930 - 100930 2020.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Mice overexpressing the nuclear form of CREBH mainly in the liver (CREBH-Tg) showed suppression of high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) diet-induced obesity accompanied by an increase in plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels. CREBH overexpression induced browning in inguinal white adipose tissue (WAT) and whole-body energy expenditure, which was canceled in Fgf21-/- mice. Deficiency of FGF21 in CREBH-Tg mice mostly canceled the improvement of obesity, but the suppression of inflammation of epidermal WAT, amelioration of insulin resistance, and improvement of glucose metabolism still sustained. Kisspeptin 1 (Kiss1) was identified as a novel hormone target for CREBH to explain these FGF21-independent effects of CREBH. Knockdown of Kiss1 in HFHS-fed CREBH-Tg Fgf21-/- mice showed partially canceled improvement of glucose metabolism. Taken together, we propose that hepatic CREBH pleiotropically improves diet-induced obesity-mediated dysfunctions in peripheral tissues by improving systemic energy metabolism in FGF21-dependent and FGF21-independent mechanisms.

DOI： 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100930

Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin as add-on to insulin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Reviewed International journal

Hirohito Sone, Tatsuroh Kaneko, Kosuke Shiki, Yoshifumi Tachibana, Egon Pfarr, Jisoo Lee, Naoko Tajima

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 22 ( 3 ) 417 - 426 2020.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

AIM: To assess the efficacy and safety of empagliflozin as add-on to insulin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This multicentre, double-blind, parallel-group study randomized Japanese patients with T2D insufficiently controlled with insulin (1:1:1) to empagliflozin 10 mg (n=89), empagliflozin 25 mg (n=90) or placebo (n=90) for 52 weeks. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) at 16 weeks. RESULTS: At 16 weeks, empagliflozin 10 mg and 25 mg significantly decreased HbA1c: adjusted mean difference -0.92% (95% confidence interval [CI] -1.11, -0.73) and -1.00% (95% CI -1.18, -0.82; both P<0.0001) compared with placebo. This difference was maintained up to 52 weeks: adjusted mean difference at 52 weeks -0.90% (95% CI -1.09, -0.70) and -0.96% (95% CI -1.15, -0.77; both P<0.0001). At 52 weeks, significant improvements in fasting plasma glucose (adjusted mean difference -27.62 mg/dL [95% CI -36.15, -19.08] and -31.99 mg/dL [95% CI -40.35, -23.62]) and in body weight (-1.78 kg [95% CI -2.46, -1.10] and -1.92 kg [95% CI -2.58, -1.25]) were also seen with empagliflozin 10 mg and 25 mg compared with placebo (all P<0.0001). At 52 weeks, the frequency of adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs was similar in the three treatment groups; confirmed hypoglycaemia was reported slightly more in participants in the empagliflozin 10 mg and 25 mg groups (23.3% and 22.2% vs 14.4%). All hypoglycaemic events were mild in severity; no episodes required assistance. CONCLUSIONS: In Japanese patients with insufficiently controlled T2D, adding empagliflozin 10 mg or 25 mg to insulin treatment was associated with clinically meaningful reductions in HbA1c at 16 weeks and was generally well tolerated.

DOI： 10.1111/dom.13909

The Glasgow prognostic score divides high-risk hematopoietic cell transplantation-specific comorbidity index patients into stratified subgroups in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Reviewed International journal

Yasuhiko Shibasaki, Tatsuya Suwabe, Takayuki Katagiri, Kyoko Fuse, Miwako Narita, Hirohito Sone, Masayoshi Masuko

Annals of hematology 99 ( 3 ) 671 - 673 2020.3

Combination of diabetes mellitus and lack of habitual physical activity is a risk factor for functional disability in Japanese. Reviewed International journal

Kazuya Fujihara, Yasuhiro Matsubayashi, Mayuko Harada Yamada, Masaru Kitazawa, Masahiko Yamamoto, Masanori Kaneko, Satoru Kodama, Takuya Yahiro, Ayumu Tsutsui, Kiminori Kato, Hirohito Sone

BMJ open diabetes research & care 8 ( 1 ) 2020.1

Authorship：Corresponding author Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

OBJECTIVE: Declining healthy life expectancy due to functional disability is relevant and urgent because of its association with decreased quality of life and also for its enormous socioeconomic impact. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and physical activity habits on functional disability among community-dwelling Japanese adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This is a population-based retrospective cohort study including 9673 people aged 39-98 years in Japan (4420, men). Functional disability was defined as a condition meeting Japan's new long-term care insurance certification requirements for the need of assistance in the activities of daily living whether by caregivers or assistive devices. Cox proportional-hazards regression model identified variables related to functional disability. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 3.7 years. During the study period, 165 disabilities occurred in the overall study population. Multivariate analysis showed that diabetes (HR 1.74 (95% CI 1.12 to 2.68)) and no physical activity habit (HR 1.83 (1.27 to 2.65)) presented increased risks for disability. HR for disability increased with the number of risk factors (HR of individuals with four conditions, 3.96 (1.59 to 9.99) vs individuals with none of those conditions as a reference). HR for disability among patients with diabetes with and without a physical activity habit was 1.68 (0.70 to 4.04) and 3.19 (1.79 to 5.70), respectively, compared with individuals without diabetes with a physical activity habit. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of diabetes and lack of habitual physical activity is predictive of functional disability in Japanese. Habitual physical activity attenuates the risk of functional disability in patients with diabetes.

DOI： 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000901

副甲状腺癌の全身骨転移と鑑別が困難でありBrown腫瘍が疑われた一例

山本正彦, 種村聡, 石黒創, 松林泰弘, 藤原和哉, 岩永みどり, 山田貴穂, 曽根博仁

日本内分泌学会雑誌 95 ( 3 ) 998 - 998 2020.1

Combination of Diabetes Mellitus and Lack of Habitual Physical Activity Is a Risk Factor for Functional Disability in Japanese

Hirohito Sone

Diabetes 2020

Severity of Hypertension (HT) as a Predictor of Initiation of Dialysis among Study Participants with and without Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

Hirohito Sone

Diabetes 2020

Weight and cardiometabolic risk among adolescents in Agano city, Japan: NICE EVIDENCE Study-Agano 1. Reviewed International journal

Sakiko Yoshizawa Morikawa, Kazuya Fujihara, Yasunaga Takeda, Mariko Hatta, Chika Horikawa, Masahiro Ishizawa, Masahiko Yamamoto, Tomonobu Shiraishi, Hajime Ishiguro, Takaho Yamada, Yohei Ogawa, Hirohito Sone

Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition 29 ( 4 ) 856 - 866 2020

Authorship：Corresponding author Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pediatric obesity is associated with clustered cardiometabolic risk and the future incidence of cardiovascular disease. However, few studies have determined the effect of pediatric obesity in Asia, where obesity is less common than in Western countries. We aimed to clarify whether weight status including underweight and slightly overweight is associated with metabolic risk factors in Japanese adolescents. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 2241 adolescents aged 13-14 years. Participants were classified as underweight, normal weight, slightly overweight, overweight, or obese according to the International Obesity Task Force. The clustered cardiometabolic risk (Z-CMR) was estimated by summing standardized sex-specific Z scores of mean arterial pressure (MAP), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDLC), and HbA1c. RESULTS: Linear regression analysis showed that MAP, non-HDL-C, and Z-CMR were higher in the slightly overweight, overweight, and obese groups than in the normal weight group after adjusting for confounders. Compared with the normal weight group, the slightly overweight, overweight, and obese groups had higher prevalence of high BP [odds ratios (ORs): 1.38 (95% CI, 1.03, 1.85); 2.63 (1.77, 3.91); and 2.39 (1.57, 3.64), respectively]. Compared with the normal weight group, underweight boys, but not girls, had a lower prevalence of high Z-CMR [OR=0.20 (0.05, 0.84)]. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents classified as slightly overweight had higher levels of BP, serum lipids, and clustered cardiometabolic risk than those classified as normal weight. This observation showed significant associations between weight status and cardiometabolic risk factors during adolescence even in East Asians.

DOI： 10.6133/apjcn.202012_29(4).0022