Faculty Profiles - YOSHIHARA Akihiro

Papers - YOSHIHARA Akihiro

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Relationship between mandibular inferior cortex and general bone metabolism in older adults Reviewed

T. Deguchi, A. Yoshihara, N. Hanada, H. Miyazaki

OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL 19 ( 7 ) 935 - 940 2008.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SPRINGER LONDON LTD

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a link exists between the jawbone and general bone metabolism. The results of our study indicate that a mandibular inferior cortical erosion finding on dental panoramic radiographs is significantly associated with increased biochemical markers of bone turnover. Introduction The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a link exists between the jawbone and general bone metabolism.
Methods We measured values of serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (S-BAP) and urinary N-telopeptide cross-links of type I collagen (U-NTX). To evaluate the jawbone, we used mandibular inferior cortex (MIC) classification on dental panoramic radiographs. After 134 subjects were divided into three groups (C1: normal cortex, C2: mildly to moderately eroded cortex, C3: severely eroded cortex), we evaluated the relationship between S-BAP or U-NTX and MIC classification by Scheffe's multiple comparison test.
Results A significant correlation was found between MIC classification and S-BAP (C1 vs. C2: p < 0.01, C1 vs. C3: p < 0.01, C2 vs. C3: NS). A significant correlation was found between MIC classification and U-NTX (C1 vs. C2: p < 0.01, C1 vs. C3: p < 0.001, C2 vs. C3: p < 0.01).
Conclusions The results of our study indicate that the mandibular inferior cortical erosion finding on dental panoramic radiographs is significantly associated with increased S-BAP and U-NTX levels. We suggest that there is an association between the jawbone and general bone metabolism.

DOI： 10.1007/s00198-007-0526-6

Longitudinal study on the relationship between serum albumin and periodontal disease

Masanori Iwasaki, Akihiro Yoshihara, Toshinobu Hirotomi, Hiroshi Ogawa, Nobuhiro Hanada, Hideo Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY 35 ( 4 ) 291 - 296 2008.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：BLACKWELL PUBLISHING

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between periodontal disease and the general health status in community-dwelling elderly using the serum albumin concentration as a criterion index of the severity of underlying disease and nutrition.
Material and Methods: Six hundred subjects aged 70 years underwent a baseline examination. Dental examinations were carried out at baseline and once a year for 4 years. Periodontal conditions were estimated for subjects with at least one remaining tooth. Clinical attachment levels at six sites of all teeth present were measured. A change in loss of attachment of 3 mm or greater in 1 year at each site was defined as periodontal disease progression. Data were analysed in subjects for whom data were available for 4 years.
Results: Serum albumin concentration at baseline ranged from 3.4 to 5.0 g/dl with a mean of 4.3 +/- 0.2. When the analysis was stratified by smoking status, we found that serum albumin concentration had a significant effect on periodontal disease progression among non-smokers (standardized regression coefficient=-0.16; p=0.017), using multiple regression analysis.
Conclusions: The findings of the present study suggest that serum albumin concentration is a significant risk predictor of periodontal disease progression among elderly non-smokers.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2008.01215.x

Longitudinal study on the relationship between serum albumin and periodontal disease Reviewed

Masanori Iwasaki, Akihiro Yoshihara, Toshinobu Hirotomi, Hiroshi Ogawa, Nobuhiro Hanada, Hideo Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY 35 ( 4 ) 291 - 296 2008.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：BLACKWELL PUBLISHING

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between periodontal disease and the general health status in community-dwelling elderly using the serum albumin concentration as a criterion index of the severity of underlying disease and nutrition.
Material and Methods: Six hundred subjects aged 70 years underwent a baseline examination. Dental examinations were carried out at baseline and once a year for 4 years. Periodontal conditions were estimated for subjects with at least one remaining tooth. Clinical attachment levels at six sites of all teeth present were measured. A change in loss of attachment of 3 mm or greater in 1 year at each site was defined as periodontal disease progression. Data were analysed in subjects for whom data were available for 4 years.
Results: Serum albumin concentration at baseline ranged from 3.4 to 5.0 g/dl with a mean of 4.3 +/- 0.2. When the analysis was stratified by smoking status, we found that serum albumin concentration had a significant effect on periodontal disease progression among non-smokers (standardized regression coefficient=-0.16; p=0.017), using multiple regression analysis.
Conclusions: The findings of the present study suggest that serum albumin concentration is a significant risk predictor of periodontal disease progression among elderly non-smokers.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2008.01215.x

Vitamin D status, bone mass, and bone metabolism in home-dwelling postmenopausal Japanese women: Yokogoshi Study Reviewed

Kazutoshi Nakamura, Naoko Tsugawa, Toshiko Saito, Miki Ishikawa, Yasuo Tsuchiya, Keiko Maruyama, Rieko Oshiki, Ryosaku Kobayashi, Mitsue Nashimoto, Akihiro Yoshihara, Reo Ozaki, Toshio Okano, Masaharu Yamamoto

BONE 42 ( 2 ) 271 - 277 2008.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC

Little has been understood about vitamin D status in relation to bone health in Asian women. The purpose of this study was to identify how the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentration is associated with bone mass and bone metabolism. This cross-sectional, community-based epidemiologic study was conducted among 600 ambulatory postmenopausal women. The serum 25(OH)D concentration was measured with radioimmunoassay. Other blood biochemical measurements were intact parathyroid hormone and markers of bone turnover, including osteocalcin and type I collagen cross-linked N-telopeptides. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and right femoral neck were measured with the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method using a QDR4500a. The mean serum 25(OH)D concentration was 55.6 nmol/L (SD 14.6). Serum 25(OH)D concentration was linearly associated with BMD of the femoral neck (R-2=0.020, P=0.003), but not with BMD of the lumbar spine. Odds ratios (ORs) for low BMD (defined as t score <= -2.5 SD) were calculated for strata defined by 25(OH)D concentration. The prevalence of low BMD of the lumbar spine was significantly higher in the 40- to 50-nmol/L 25(OH)D group (adjusted OR=3.0, 95% CI: 1.3-7.0) compared to the reference group (>= 70 nmol/L). Prevalence of low BMD for the femoral neck was significantly higher in the 30- to 40-nmol/L (adjusted OR=3.6, 95% CI: 1.1-12.1) and the 40- to 50-nmol/L (adjusted OR=7.6, 95% CI: 2.5-23.2) groups compared to the reference group (>= 70 nmol/L). The mean serum concentration of intact PTH was significantly higher in subjects with serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L compared to those with serum 25(OH)D >= 50 nmol/L. The present study suggests that higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with increased BMD of the femoral neck, and that a serum 25(OH)D concentration of at least 70 nmol/L is needed to obtain high BMD of the femoral neck, and that of at least 50 nmol/L is needed to achieve normal PTH levels and prevent low BMD in home-dwelling postmenopausal Japanese women. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bone.2007.09.056

Vitamin D status, bone mass, and bone metabolism in home-dwelling postmenopausal Japanese women: Yokogoshi Study

Kazutoshi Nakamura, Naoko Tsugawa, Toshiko Saito, Miki Ishikawa, Yasuo Tsuchiya, Keiko Maruyama, Rieko Oshiki, Ryosaku Kobayashi, Mitsue Nashimoto, Akihiro Yoshihara, Reo Ozaki, Toshio Okano, Masaharu Yamamoto

BONE 42 ( 2 ) 271 - 277 2008.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC

Little has been understood about vitamin D status in relation to bone health in Asian women. The purpose of this study was to identify how the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentration is associated with bone mass and bone metabolism. This cross-sectional, community-based epidemiologic study was conducted among 600 ambulatory postmenopausal women. The serum 25(OH)D concentration was measured with radioimmunoassay. Other blood biochemical measurements were intact parathyroid hormone and markers of bone turnover, including osteocalcin and type I collagen cross-linked N-telopeptides. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and right femoral neck were measured with the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method using a QDR4500a. The mean serum 25(OH)D concentration was 55.6 nmol/L (SD 14.6). Serum 25(OH)D concentration was linearly associated with BMD of the femoral neck (R-2=0.020, P=0.003), but not with BMD of the lumbar spine. Odds ratios (ORs) for low BMD (defined as t score <= -2.5 SD) were calculated for strata defined by 25(OH)D concentration. The prevalence of low BMD of the lumbar spine was significantly higher in the 40- to 50-nmol/L 25(OH)D group (adjusted OR=3.0, 95% CI: 1.3-7.0) compared to the reference group (>= 70 nmol/L). Prevalence of low BMD for the femoral neck was significantly higher in the 30- to 40-nmol/L (adjusted OR=3.6, 95% CI: 1.1-12.1) and the 40- to 50-nmol/L (adjusted OR=7.6, 95% CI: 2.5-23.2) groups compared to the reference group (>= 70 nmol/L). The mean serum concentration of intact PTH was significantly higher in subjects with serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L compared to those with serum 25(OH)D >= 50 nmol/L. The present study suggests that higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with increased BMD of the femoral neck, and that a serum 25(OH)D concentration of at least 70 nmol/L is needed to obtain high BMD of the femoral neck, and that of at least 50 nmol/L is needed to achieve normal PTH levels and prevent low BMD in home-dwelling postmenopausal Japanese women. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bone.2007.09.056

A Health Survey of Mothers Present at Their Infants Health Examination : Are the Subjects Representative of Those in Nationwide Surveys? Reviewed

ANDO Yuichi, NAKAGAKI Haruo, MIYAZAKI Hideo, YOSHIHARA Akihiro, ARAKAWA Hirohisa, IIJIMA Youichi, KAWASAKI Koji, IGO Junko, SUGIMOTO Tomoko, WATANABE Kouko, SHIGEMASA Akihiko, TORIYAMA Yoshinori, TAGUCHI Nobuhiro

JOURNAL OF DENTAL HEALTH 58 ( 2 ) 95 - 105 2008.1

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japanese Society for Oral Health

An oral health survey of mothers who were present at dental examinations for their infants was conducted in four selected prefectures in Japan. The aim of this article was to assess the representativeness of the sample of this survey at different regional levels. The study areas were 33 municipalities selected using a stratified random sampling technique from each prefecture. From November 2005 to March 2006, we conducted oral examinations and questionnaire surveys at 138 sites. The oral examination methodology was the same as that for the national survey of dental diseases in 2005. The questionnaire survey consisted of subjective oral symptoms, knowledge and behavior regarding oral health, lifestyle habits, etc., and most questions were derived from existing national surveys. The number of subjects was 2,786 in oral examinations (response rate: 65%) and 3,301 for the questionnaire survey (response rate: 77%). The average age of the subjects was 31.4 years old. No significant difference was noted regarding the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease. The percentages of persons with untreated carious and missing teeth were lower in this survey. Regarding the questionnaire survey, most items did not show a significant difference from existing national surveys. However, the subjects in this survey followed a healthier lifestyle and undertook earlier dental visits. A few survey items were correlated with the response rate in each municipality. Although the survey items which showed significant differences from existing national surveys seemed to be affected by the characteristics of the selected prefectures and the subjects who were mothers of infants, the representativeness of the sample of this survey was considerably high. Therefore, this survey was considered to be an useful nationwide data source in Japan.

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.58.2_95

Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2008265855

The Relationship between Oral Status and General Health in Subjects Older than 65 According to Selected Items Reviewed

YOSHIHARA Akihiro, TAKANO Naoko, MIYAZAKI Hideo

Journal of dental health 58 ( 1 ) 9 - 15 2008.1

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japanese Society for Dental Health

Recently, the need for preventive care for frail elderly subjects has been recognized. This study aimed to obtain information about the relationship between the oral status and general health in subjects older than 65 years according to selected items related to the frail elderly. We selected 852 subjects older than 65 years who participated in general health examinations. We conducted personal interviews to obtain information regarding habitual function, physical function, nutritional status, social withdrawal, dementia, and depression in addition to the oral status such as chewing function, feelings of suffocation while eating, and dry mouth. We counted the pertinent number of items for habitual function, physical function, nutrition status, social withdrawl, dementia, and depression. We compared the average number of items with oral function, including chewing ability, feelings of suffocation while eating, and dry mouth. The mean number of items for the disorders was higher in the elderly with the oral disorders assessed. In particular, there was a significant difference in the mean number of pertinent items related to dementia and depression between subjects with compared to those without oral disorders. These findings indicate the presence of a significant relationship between the oral status and general health conditions in frail elderly subjects. Preventive activities to maintain a good general status in frail elderly subjects should focus on improving oral function.

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.58.1_9

Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2008136408

Role of activated natural killer cells in oral diseases Reviewed

Yuji Kamoda, Hiroshi Uematsu, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki, Hidenobu Senpuku

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 61 ( 6 ) 469 - 474 2008

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Many of the protective immune responses of old people-are impaired and this leads to an increased risk of oral bacterial infections. Little is known about the interaction between the systemic immune response on one hand and oral infections and oral diseases on the other. Here, we conducted an epidemiological study of the independent elderly to determine the relationships between activated natural killer (NK) cells and oral bacterial infections: oral diseases such as dental caries and periodontal disease. One hundred independent elderly people aged 77 years old (53 males, 47 females) were examined. Blood samples, were drawn, and activated NK cells were evaluated using CD16, CD56, and CD69 monoclonal antibodies with flow cytometry. Bacterial counts for oral streptococci, lactobacillus, and opportunistic pathogens were performed using culture techniques. Oral disease examinations were performed by dentists. A larger percentage of CD69-NK cells (CD16-CD56-) showed significant correlations to the isolation numbers of total streptococci (r = 0,409, P &lt
0.01), the species numbers of opportunistic pathogens (r = -0.318, P &lt
0.0 1), the numbers of derayed teeth (r = -0.223, P &lt
0.05), and the amount of bridge work (r = 0.219, P &lt
0.05). A higher proportion of CD69-NK cells is associated with the incidence of dental caries and the number of opportunistic pathogens and total streptococci in the oral cavity of the elderly. This suggests that the proportionate number of CD69-NK cells may be a useful indicator for oral infection in elderly subjects.

高齢者集団におけるCPIとアタッチメントロス評価法(WHO)の有用性および歯周健康状態に関する5年間の縦断研究 Reviewed

白根和明, 小川祐司, 廣冨敏伸, 高野尚子, 山賀孝之, 金子昇, 佐久間汐子, 葭原明弘, 宮秀夫

口腔衛生会誌 57 28 - 35 2007.12

Longitudinal relationship between root caries and serum albumin Reviewed

A. Yoshihara, N. Takano, T. Hirotomi, H. Ogawa, N. Hanada, H. Miyazaki

Journal of Dental Research 86 ( 11 ) 1115 - 1119 2007.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Serum albumin levels are a practical marker of general health status in the elderly and have been used to determine the severity of an underlying disease and the risk for death. This longitudinal study evaluated the relationship between serum albumin levels and root caries. A total of 266 persons with at least 1 tooth at baseline underwent a baseline examination and then annual investigations for 6 years. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between changes in serum albumin levels and the number of root caries lesions over 6 years, after adjustment for confounding factors. Change in the number of root caries lesions was significantly associated with change in serum albumin concentrations. The standardized coefficient was -0.148 (p = 0.024). We can confirm that serum albumin concentration correlates with root caries events. From these data, we conclude that persons with hypoalbuminemia are at high risk for root caries.

DOI： 10.1177/154405910708601118

Serum markers of chronic dehydration are associated with saliva spinability Reviewed

A. Yoshihara, T. Hirotomi, N. Takano, T. Kondo, N. Hanada, H. Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION 34 ( 10 ) 733 - 738 2007.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：BLACKWELL PUBLISHING

Findings of a relationship between saliva and dehydration have been observed, but the precise nature of these relationships is unclear and no evidence of a direct link has been found. In particular, no study reports a relationship between chronic dehydration and saliva conditions in community-dwelling older adults. This study aimed to identify whether salivary conditions are sensitive to body hydration markers in an elderly population. A total of 403 subjects aged 76 years participated in the study. Stimulated saliva flow rate and spinability of saliva were measured. In addition, determinations of serum levels of uric acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, sodium and potassium were made. Dehydration was defined as uric acid >= 7 mg dL(-1) according to the standard value. The salivary spinability were significantly associated with the concentration of uric acid (OR=2.06, P=0.044) according to multiple logistic regression analysis. In addition, after adjusting for gender, the uric acid concentration and the salivary spinability was significantly associated with BUN, potassium and creatinine levels. The subjects with high uric acid levels (>= 7 mg dL(-1)) had the most elastic saliva. Both BUN and serum creatinine are the most commonly used indicators of renal function. Therefore, our findings might demonstrate that older adults who are dehydrated showed highly elastic saliva, which was associated with renal function. In conclusion, this study suggests that there is a significant relationship between chronic dehydration status and salivary spinability level.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2007.01732.x

Renal function and periodontal disease in elderly Japanese

Yoshihara, Akihiro, Deguchi, Tomoya, Hanada, Nobuhiro, Miyazaki, Hideo

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY 78 ( 7 ) 1241 - 1248 2007.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY

Background: Chronic renal failure involves a slow, progressive loss of renal function over months or years. It is possible that periodontal disease and chronic kidney disease might share common risk factors. This study investigated whether a link exists between periodontal disease and chronic renal function in community -dwelling elderly subjects.Methods: A total of 145 study subjects, all 77 years of age, participated in this study. A periodontal examination was carried out by trained dentists. Urine was collected over 24 hours, and blood was taken on the morning of the dental exam. The volume of creatinine per 24 hours (Cre_U) and volume of urine per 24 hours were used as urinary markers of kidney function; serum creatinine levels (Cre_S) were used as a blood marker of kidney function. Creatinine clearance per 24 hours was calculated as Cre_U/Cre_S. In addition, biochemical parameters of bone turnover were measured: urinary deoxypyridinoline (U-DPD) as a bone resorption marker and serum osteocalcin (S-OC) as a bone formation marker. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the percentage of periodontal sites with >= 6-mm clinical attachment level (% >= 6-mm CAL) and renal function, as well as the relationship between % >= 6-mm CAL and bone metabolism. The % >= 6-mm CAL was used as the dependent variable. The number of remaining teeth, smoking habit, gender, use of interdental brushes or dental floss, volume of urine per 24 hours, and creatinine clearance per 24 hours were independent variables in the first test. In addition, the number of remaining teeth, smoking habits, gender, use of interdental brushes or dental floss, U-DPD, and S-OC were independent variables in the second test.Results: Multiple regression analysis showed that creatinine clearance per 24 hours and S-OC were significantly associated with % >= 6-mm CAL per person. The standardized coefficients were 0.26 (P= 0.015) and -0.27 (P= 0.006), respectively.Conclusions: The % >= 6-mm CAL was significantly associated with renal function and bone metabolism markers. This study suggests that the increased incidence of chronic renal failure that occurs with age might increase the probability of severe periodontal disease in community -dwelling elderly subjects.

DOI： 10.1902/jop.2007.070025

Renal function and periodontal disease in elderly Japanese Reviewed

Yoshihara, Akihiro, Deguchi, Tomoya, Hanada, Nobuhiro, Miyazaki, Hideo

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY 78 ( 7 ) 1241 - 1248 2007.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY

Background: Chronic renal failure involves a slow, progressive loss of renal function over months or years. It is possible that periodontal disease and chronic kidney disease might share common risk factors. This study investigated whether a link exists between periodontal disease and chronic renal function in community -dwelling elderly subjects.Methods: A total of 145 study subjects, all 77 years of age, participated in this study. A periodontal examination was carried out by trained dentists. Urine was collected over 24 hours, and blood was taken on the morning of the dental exam. The volume of creatinine per 24 hours (Cre_U) and volume of urine per 24 hours were used as urinary markers of kidney function; serum creatinine levels (Cre_S) were used as a blood marker of kidney function. Creatinine clearance per 24 hours was calculated as Cre_U/Cre_S. In addition, biochemical parameters of bone turnover were measured: urinary deoxypyridinoline (U-DPD) as a bone resorption marker and serum osteocalcin (S-OC) as a bone formation marker. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the percentage of periodontal sites with >= 6-mm clinical attachment level (% >= 6-mm CAL) and renal function, as well as the relationship between % >= 6-mm CAL and bone metabolism. The % >= 6-mm CAL was used as the dependent variable. The number of remaining teeth, smoking habit, gender, use of interdental brushes or dental floss, volume of urine per 24 hours, and creatinine clearance per 24 hours were independent variables in the first test. In addition, the number of remaining teeth, smoking habits, gender, use of interdental brushes or dental floss, U-DPD, and S-OC were independent variables in the second test.Results: Multiple regression analysis showed that creatinine clearance per 24 hours and S-OC were significantly associated with % >= 6-mm CAL per person. The standardized coefficients were 0.26 (P= 0.015) and -0.27 (P= 0.006), respectively.Conclusions: The % >= 6-mm CAL was significantly associated with renal function and bone metabolism markers. This study suggests that the increased incidence of chronic renal failure that occurs with age might increase the probability of severe periodontal disease in community -dwelling elderly subjects.

DOI： 10.1902/jop.2007.070025

Relationships of anti-PAc (361-386) peptide salivary IgA antibody, eosinophils and basophils with periodontal status in the elderly Reviewed

Hidenobu Senpuku, Akio Tada, Ryoma Nakao, Hideo Yonezawa, Saori Yoneda, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki

FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 49 ( 1 ) 84 - 90 2007.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：BLACKWELL PUBLISHING

The amino acid residues 361-386 of Streptococcus mutans PAc includes an important region associated with the interaction between S. mutans and salivary components. We investigated the relationships between levels of the anti-PAc (361-386) peptide antibody (PPA) in saliva and periodontal status in 281 elderly subjects (mean age 77 years; 118 females, 163 males) by assessing dental calculus (CA), attachment loss (AL), pocket depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and various blood parameters. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results revealed that subjects with a PPA level of greater than 0.1 (PPA detected group) showed a lower average value for number of sites with more than 6 mm of AL/6 points x 100/tooth (rAL6) than those with a PPA level of less than 0.1 (PPA not detected group). Furthermore, average values for rAL6 were significantly lower in the PPA detected group, and BOP, AL and rAL6 correlated positively and significantly with the percentage of eosinophils present in leukocytes in female subjects in both groups. PPA level had a negative correlation with percentages of basophils and eosinophils. The results indicate that systemic increases in numbers of eosinophils and basophils are associated with the development of periodontal diseases, while PPA level may be a useful indicator of periodontal status.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00193.x

Relationships of anti-PAc (361-386) peptide salivary IgA antibody, eosinophils and basophils with periodontal status in the elderly

Hidenobu Senpuku, Akio Tada, Ryoma Nakao, Hideo Yonezawa, Saori Yoneda, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki

FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 49 ( 1 ) 84 - 90 2007.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：BLACKWELL PUBLISHING

The amino acid residues 361-386 of Streptococcus mutans PAc includes an important region associated with the interaction between S. mutans and salivary components. We investigated the relationships between levels of the anti-PAc (361-386) peptide antibody (PPA) in saliva and periodontal status in 281 elderly subjects (mean age 77 years; 118 females, 163 males) by assessing dental calculus (CA), attachment loss (AL), pocket depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and various blood parameters. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results revealed that subjects with a PPA level of greater than 0.1 (PPA detected group) showed a lower average value for number of sites with more than 6 mm of AL/6 points x 100/tooth (rAL6) than those with a PPA level of less than 0.1 (PPA not detected group). Furthermore, average values for rAL6 were significantly lower in the PPA detected group, and BOP, AL and rAL6 correlated positively and significantly with the percentage of eosinophils present in leukocytes in female subjects in both groups. PPA level had a negative correlation with percentages of basophils and eosinophils. The results indicate that systemic increases in numbers of eosinophils and basophils are associated with the development of periodontal diseases, while PPA level may be a useful indicator of periodontal status.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00193.x

Changes in electrical resistance of sound fissure enamel in first molars for 66 months from eruption Reviewed

S. Kataoka, S. Sakuma, J. Wang, A. Yoshihara, H. Miyazaki

CARIES RESEARCH 41 ( 2 ) 161 - 164 2007

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：KARGER

The purposes of this study were to investigate the enamel maturation process in the occlusal pit of sound first molars by measuring electrical resistance. Ninety-nine sound first molars in 34 children (mean age of 6.47 +/- 0.51 years) were measured electrically once every 6 months and were monitored for a maximum of 66 months. Electrical resistance increased during the posteruptive period. However, the results suggest that posteruptive enamel maturation in the occlusal pits may not be completed even 66 months after tooth eruption. Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel.

DOI： 10.1159/000098051

Relationship of cariogenic bacteria levels with periodontal status and root surface caries in elderly Japanese. International journal

Saotome Y, Tada A, Hanada N, Yoshihara A, Uematsu H, Miyazaki H, Senpuku H

Gerodontology 23 ( 4 ) 219 - 25 2006.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

OBJECTIVE: The relationship of the levels of cariogenic bacterial species with periodontal status and decayed root surfaces was investigated in elderly Japanese subjects. METHODS: Three hundred and sixty-eight individuals (each 75 years old) were examined for periodontal status (pocket depth, attachment loss), root surface caries and salivary levels of mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli (LB). RESULTS: Values >4 mm of attachment loss (rAL4) and for average attachment loss (aAL) of sites measured were significantly higher in subjects with LB than those without. Multiple regression analysis also showed a correlation between aAL and rAL4 values with the presence of LB (aAL p = 0.003; rAL4 p = 0.002). Further, multiple regression analysis of interacting factors regarding decayed root surfaces showed that LB carriers had a greater incidence of decayed root surface caries (p = 0.003), while MS and LB levels were correlated to the number of decayed root surfaces (LB p = 0.010; MS p = 0.026). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that considerable attachment loss elevates the possibility of having LB, thus increasing the risk of root surface caries. It was also found that LB and MS measurements may be useful indicators of decayed root surfaces in elderly individuals with attachment loss.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2006.00127.x

The carriage of Candida species on the dorsal surface of the tongue: the correlation with the dental, periodontal and prosthetic status in elderly subjects Reviewed

Jing Wang, Tomoko Ohshima, Utako Yasunari, Satoko Namikoshi, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki, Nobuko Maeda

Gerodontology 23 157 - 163 2006.12

Relationship of cariogenic bacteria levels with periodontal status and root surface caries in elderly Japanese Reviewed International journal

Saotome Y, Tada A, Hanada N, Yoshihara A, Uematsu H, Miyazaki H, Senpuku H

Gerodontology 23 ( 4 ) 219 - 225 2006.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

OBJECTIVE: The relationship of the levels of cariogenic bacterial species with periodontal status and decayed root surfaces was investigated in elderly Japanese subjects. METHODS: Three hundred and sixty-eight individuals (each 75 years old) were examined for periodontal status (pocket depth, attachment loss), root surface caries and salivary levels of mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli (LB). RESULTS: Values >4 mm of attachment loss (rAL4) and for average attachment loss (aAL) of sites measured were significantly higher in subjects with LB than those without. Multiple regression analysis also showed a correlation between aAL and rAL4 values with the presence of LB (aAL p = 0.003; rAL4 p = 0.002). Further, multiple regression analysis of interacting factors regarding decayed root surfaces showed that LB carriers had a greater incidence of decayed root surface caries (p = 0.003), while MS and LB levels were correlated to the number of decayed root surfaces (LB p = 0.010; MS p = 0.026). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that considerable attachment loss elevates the possibility of having LB, thus increasing the risk of root surface caries. It was also found that LB and MS measurements may be useful indicators of decayed root surfaces in elderly individuals with attachment loss.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2006.00127.x

Preliminary study on the effect of oral care on recovery from surgery in elderly patients Reviewed

M. Sato, A. Yoshihara, H. Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION 33 ( 11 ) 820 - 826 2006.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：BLACKWELL PUBLISHING

This study aimed to clarify the effectiveness of post-operative oral care, including tooth brushing, denture cleaning and tongue cleaning, after digestive tract surgery. Subjects included 30 elderly patients aged 60-98 years (74.9 +/- 7.8 years) who underwent digestive tract surgery. Subjects were randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group. In the intervention group, the following oral care was provided daily over a 5-min period in the morning starting at baseline (day of surgery) and continued for 5 days: gargling with povidone iodine, tooth brushing, denture cleaning using a special brush and tongue cleaning using a tongue brush. In the control group, the subjects only gargled with povidone iodine. We compared the following variables between the two groups at baseline and 5 days later: the sensation of dry mouth, intra-oral gas concentration, pulmonary sounds, body temperature and bacterial flora. The number of patients with abnormal pulmonary sounds (dry or moist rales) increased from 1 to 2 in the intervention group and from 0 to 4 in the control group (P < 0.05). The average number of bacterial species per subject for the control group was 3.64 +/- 1.34 pre-operatively and 3.50 +/- 1.74 post-operatively, whereas that for the intervention group was 3.08 +/- 0.95 pre-operatively and 2.62 +/- 0.65 post-operatively. In the intervention group, there was a significant decrease in the number of bacterial species (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that post-operative oral care in elderly patients undergoing digestive tract surgery lowers the number of bacterial species found in the oral cavity. This effect, in turn, might improve respiratory function.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2006.01634.x

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