Faculty Profiles - YOSHIHARA Akihiro

Malnutrition and Oral Disease in the Elderly––Is There Any Bidirectional Relationship?

Masanori Iwasaki, Misuzu Sato, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki

Current Oral Health Reports 4 ( 2 ) 70 - 78 2017.4

地域高齢者における平衡機能と口腔機能の関連

小田島あゆ子, 葭原明弘, 石上和男, 笹嶋真嵩, 野々村絢子, 宮崎秀夫

口腔衛生学会雑誌 67 ( 増刊 ) 117 - 117 2017.4

地域在住高齢者における健康習慣と歯の喪失・歯周病リスクの関連

岩崎正則, 葭原明弘, 佐藤美寿々, 安細敏弘, 宮崎秀夫

口腔衛生学会雑誌 67 ( 増刊 ) 116 - 116 2017.4

Current status of tooth loss and relationship between the use of dentures and activities of daily living in individuals with mental retardation Reviewed

米澤大輔, 石川裕子, 葭原明弘

日本歯科衛生学会雑誌 11 ( 2 ) 32 - 39 2017.2

Association between tooth loss and medical costs related to stroke in healthy older adults aged over 75 years in Japan

Masanori Iwasaki, Misuzu Sato, Akihiro Yoshihara, Toshihiro Ansai, Hideo Miyazaki

GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 17 ( 2 ) 202 - 210 2017.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY

AimGrowing evidence suggests that tooth loss is associated with increased risk of stroke. In the current study, we investigated cumulative medical costs related to stroke using data from the Advanced Elderly Medical Service System. We hypothesized that tooth loss was associated with an increase in medical costs related to stroke among older Japanese adults.
MethodsA total of 273 Japanese adults aged 80 years were enrolled in the current study. Baseline medical and dental examinations were carried out in June 2008. Medical care use and costs were monitored by linkage with National Health Insurance claim files from baseline to the end of February 2011. Medical costs related to stroke per month were calculated and examined for any association with the baseline number of remaining teeth using a linear regression model with robust standard errors.
ResultsA total of 19 individuals were admitted to hospital for stroke during the follow-up period. A significant negative association was found between the number of teeth and medical costs related to stroke per month. The regression coefficients of the number of teeth in relation to medical costs related to stroke was -248 (95% CI -438 to -58, P=0.011) in the crude model and -226 (95% CI -413 to -38, P=0.018) after adjusting for other confounders.
ConclusionWithin the limitations of the present study, the reported findings suggest an independent relationship of tooth loss with increase in medical cost related to stroke among older Japanese adults. Further studies are necessary to substantiate these findings. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 202-210.

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.12687

Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19.1 million participants Reviewed

Bin Zhou, James Bentham, Mariachiara Di Cesare, Honor Bixby, Goodarz Danaei, Melanie J. Cowan, Christopher J. Paciorek, Gitanjali Singh, Kaveh Hajifathalian, James E. Bennett, Cristina Taddei, Ver Bilano, Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco, Shirin Djalalinia, Shahab Khatibzadeh, Charles Lugero, Niloofar Peykari, Wan Zhu Zhang, Yuan Lu, Gretchen A. Stevens, Leanne M. Riley, Pascal Bovet, Paul Elliott, Dongfeng Gu, Nayu Ikeda, Rod T. Jackson, Michel Joffres, Andre Pascal Kengne, Tiina Laatikainen, Tai Hing Lam, Avula Laxmaiah, Jing Liu, J. Jaime Miranda, Charles K. Mondo, Hannelore K. Neuhauser, Johan Sundstrom, Liam Smeeth, Maroje Soric, Mark Woodward, Majid Ezzati, Leandra Abarca-Gomez, Ziad A. Abdeen, Hanan Abdul Rahim, Niveen M. Abu-Rmeileh, Benjamin Acosta-Cazares, Robert Adams, Wichai Aekplakorn, Kaosar Afsana, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Charles Agyemang, Alireza Ahmadvand, Wolfgang Ahrens, Rajaa Al Raddadi, Rihab Al Woyatan, Mohamed M. Ali, Ala'a Alkerwi, Eman Aly, Philippe Amouyel, Antoinette Amuzu, Lars Bo Andersen, Sigmund A. Anderssen, Lars Angquist, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Daniel Ansong, Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri, Joana Araujo, Inger Ariansen, Tahir Aris, Nimmathota Arlappa, Krishna Aryal, Dominique Arveiler, Felix K. Assah, Maria Cecilia F. Assuncao, Maria Avdicova, Ana Azevedo, Fereidoun Azizi, Bontha V. Babu, Suhad Bahijri, Nagalla Balakrishna, Piotr Bandosz, Jose R. Banegas, Carlo M. Barbagallo, Alberto Barcelo, Amina Barkat, Aluisio J. D. Barros, Mauro V. Barros, Iqbal Bata, Anwar M. Batieha, Louise A. Baur, Robert Beaglehole, Habiba Ben Romdhane, Mikhail Benet, Lowell S. Benson, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Gailute Bernotiene, Heloisa Bettiol, Aroor Bhagyalaxmi, Sumit Bharadwaj, Santosh K. Bhargava, Yufang Bi, Mukharram Bikbov, Peter Bjerregaard, Espen Bjertness, Cecilia Bjokelund, Anneke Blokstra, Simona Bo, Martin Bobak, Heiner Boeing, Jose G. Boggia, Carlos P. Boissonnet, Vanina Bongard, Pascal Bovet, Lutgart Braeckman, Imperia Brajkovich, Francesco Branca, Juergen Breckenkamp, Hermann Brenner, Lizzy M. Brewster, Graziella Bruno, H. B. (as) Bueno-de-Mesquita, Anna Bugge, Con Burns, Michael Bursztyn, Antonio Cabrera de Leon, Christine Cameron, Gunay Can, Ana Paula C. Candido, Vincenzo Capuano, Viviane C. Cardoso, Axel C. Carlsson, Maria J. Carvalho, Felipe F. Casanueva, Felipe F. Casanueva, Juan-Pablo Casas, Carmelo A. Caserta, Snehalatha Chamukuttan, Angelique W. Chan, Queenie Chan, Himanshu K. Chaturvedi, Nishi Chaturvedi, Chien-Jen Chen, Fangfang Chen, Huashuai Chen, Shuohua Chen, Zhengming Chen, Ching-Yu Cheng, Imane Cherkaoui Dekkaki, Angela Chetrit, Arnaud Chiolero, Shu-Ti Chiou, Adela Chirita-Emandi, Belong Cho, Yumi Cho, Jerzy Chudek, Renata Cifkova, Frank Claessens, Els Clays, Hans Concin, Cyrus Cooper, Rachel Cooper, Tara C. Coppinger, Simona Costanzo, Dominique Cottel, Chris Cowell, Cora L. Craig, Ana B. Crujeiras, Juan J. Cruz, Graziella D'Arrigo, Eleonora d'Orsi, Jean Dallongeville, Albertino Damasceno, Goodarz Danaei, Rachel Dankner, Thomas M. Dantoft, Luc Dauchet, Guy De Backer, Giovanni de Gaetano, Stefaan De Henauw, Delphine De Smedt, Mohan Deepa, Abbas Dehghan, Helene Delisle, Valerie Deschamps, Klodian Dhana, Augusto F. Di Castelnuovo, Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa, Alejandro Diaz, Ty T. Dickerson, Shirin Djalalinia, Ha T. P. Do, Annette J. Dobson, Chiara Donfrancesco, Silvana P. Donoso, Angela Doering, Kouamelan Doua, Wojciech Drygas, Virginija Dulskiene, Aleksandar Dzakula, Vilnis Dzerve, Elzbieta Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Robert Eggertsen, Ulf Ekelund, Jalila El Ati, Ute Ellert, Paul Elliott, Roberto Elosua, Rajiv T. Erasmus, Cihangir Erem, Louise Eriksen, Jorge Escobedo-de la Pena, Alun Evans, David Faeh, Caroline H. Fall, Farshad Farzadfar, Francisco J. Felix-Redondo, Trevor S. Ferguson, Daniel Fernandez-Berges, Daniel Ferrante, Marika Ferrari, Catterina Ferreccio, Jean Ferrieres, Joseph D. Finn, Krista Fischer, Bernhard Foeger, Leng Huat Foo, Ann-Sofie Forslund, Maria Forsner, Stephen P. Fortmann, Heba M. Fouad, Damian K. Francis, Maria do Carmo Franco, Oscar H. Franco, Guillermo Frontera, Flavio D. Fuchs, Sandra C. Fuchs, Yuki Fujita, Takuro Furusawa, Zbigniew Gaciong, Dickman Gareta, Sarah P. Garnett, Jean-Michel Gaspoz, Magda Gasull, Louise Gates, Diana Gavrila, Johanna M. Geleijnse, Anoosheh Ghasemian, Anup Ghimire, Simona Giampaoli, Francesco Gianfagna, Jonathan Giovannelli, Rebecca A. Goldsmith, Helen Goncalves, Marcela Gonzalez Gross, Juan P. Gonzalez Rivas, Frederic Gottrand, Sidsel Graff-Iversen, Dusan Grafnetter, Aneta Grajda, Ronald D. Gregor, Tomasz Grodzicki, Anders Grontved, Grabriella Gruden, Vera Grujic, Dongfeng Gu, Ong Peng Guan, Vilmundur Gudnason, Ramiro Guerrero, Idris Guessous, Andre L. Guimaraes, Martin C. Gulliford, Johanna Gunnlaugsdottir, Marc Gunter, Prakash C. Gupta, Oye Gureje, Beata Gurzkowska, Laura Gutierrez, Felix Gutzwiller, Farzad Hadaegh, Jytte Halkjaer, Ian R. Hambleton, Rebecca Hardy, Rachakulla Harikumar, Jun Hata, Alison J. Hayes, Jiang He, Marleen Elisabeth Hendriks, Ana Henriques, Leticia Hernandez Cadena, Herqutanto, Sauli Herrala, Ramin Heshmat, Ilpo Tapani Hihtaniemi, Sai Yin Ho, Suzanne C. Ho, Michael Hobbs, Albert Hofman, Gonul Horasan Dinc, Claudia M. Hormiga, Bernardo L. Horta, Leila Houti, Christina Howitt, Thein Thein Htay, Aung Soe Htet, Yonghua Hu, Jose Maria Huerta, Abdullatif S. Husseini, Inge Huybrechts, Nahla Hwalla, Licia Iacoviello, Anna G. Iannone, M. Mohsen Ibrahim, M. Arfan Ikram, Vilma E. Irazola, Muhammad Islam, Vanja Ivkovic, Masanori Iwasaki, Rod T. Jackson, Jeremy M. Jacobs, Tazeen Jafar, Konrad Jamrozik, Imre Janszky, Grazyna Jasienska, Bojan Jelakovic, Chao Qiang Jiang, Mattias Johansson, Jost B. Jonas, Torben Jorgensen, Pradeep Joshi, Anne Juolevi, Gregor Jurak, Vesna Juresa, Rudolf Kaaks, Anthony Kafatos, Ofra Kalter-Leibovici, Nor Azmi Kamaruddin, Amir Kasaeian, Joanne Katz, Jussi Kauhanen, Prabhdeep Kaur, Maryam Kavousi, Gyulli Kazakbaeva, Ulrich Keil, Lital Keinan Boker, Sirkka Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Roya Kelishadi, Han C. G. Kemper, Andre Pascal Kengne, Mathilde Kersting, Timothy Key, Yousef Saleh Khader, Davood Khalili, Young-Ho Khang, Kay-Tee Khaw, Stefan Kiechl, Japhet Killewo, Jeongseon Kim, Jurate Klumbiene, Elin Kolle, Patrick Kolsteren, Paul Korrovits, Seppo Koskinen, Katsuyasu Kouda, Slawomir Koziel, Peter Lund Kristensen, Steinar Krokstad, Daan Kromhout, Herculina S. Kruger, Ruzena Kubinova, Renata Kuciene, Diana Kuh, Urho M. Kujala, Krzysztof Kula, Zbigniew Kulaga, R. Krishna Kumar, Pawel Kurjata, Yadlapalli S. Kusuma, Kari Kuulasmaa, Catherine Kyobutungi, Tiina Laatikainen, Carl Lachat, Orlando Landrove, Vera Lanska, Georg Lappas, Bagher Larijani, Lars E. Laugsand, Avula Laxmaiah, Khanh Le Nguyen Bao, Tuyen D. Le, Catherine Leclercq, Jeannette Lee, Jeonghee Lee, Terho Lehtimaki, Rampal Lekhraj, Luz M. Leon-Munoz, Naomi S. Levitt, Yanping Li, Christa L. Lilly, Wei-Yen Lim, M. Fernanda Lima-Costa, Hsien-Ho Lin, Xu Lin, Allan Linneberg, Lauren Lissner, Mieczyslaw Litwin, Jing Liu, Roberto Lorbeer, Paulo A. Lotufo, Jose Eugenio Lozano, Dalia Luksiene, Annamari Lundqvist, Nuno Lunet, Per Lytsy, Guansheng Ma, Jun Ma, George L. L. Machado-Coelho, Suka Machi, Stefania Maggi, Dianna J. Magliano, Marjeta Majer, Marcia Makdisse, Reza Malekzadeh, Rahul Malhotra, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao, Sofia Malyutina, Yannis Manios, Jim I. Mann, Enzo Manzato, Paula Margozzini, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Jaume Marrugat, Reynaldo Martorell, Ellisiv B. Mathiesen, Alicia Matijasevich, Tandi E. Matsha, Jean Claude N. Mbanya, Anselmo J. Mc Donald Posso, Shelly R. McFarlane, Shelly R. McFarlane, Stephen T. McGarvey, Stela McLachlan, Rachael M. McLean, Breige A. McNulty, Amir Sharifuddin Md Khir, Sounnia Mediene-Benchekor, Jurate Medzioniene, Aline Meirhaeghe, Christa Meisinger, Ana Maria B. Menezes, Geetha R. Menon, Indrapal I. Meshram, Andres Metspalu, Jie Mi, Kairit Mikkel, Jody C. Miller, Juan Francisco Miquel, J. Jaime Miranda, Marjeta Misigoj-Durakovic, Mostafa K. Mohamed, Kazem Mohammad, Noushin Mohammadifard, Viswanathan Mohan, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff, Niels C. Moller, Denes Molnar, Amirabbas Momenan, Charles K. Mondo, Kotsedi Daniel K. Monyeki, Leila B. Moreira, Alain Morejon, Luis A. Moreno, Karen Morgan, George Moschonis, Malgorzata Mossakowska, Aya Mostafa, Jorge Mota, Mohammad Esmaeel Motlagh, Jorge Motta, Maria L. Muiesan, Martina Mueller-Nurasyid, Neil Murphy, Jaakko Mursu, Vera Musil, Gabriele Nagel, Balkish M. Naidu, Harunobu Nakamura, Jana Namsna, Ei Ei K. Nang, Vinay B. Nangia, Sameer Narake, Eva Maria Navarrete-Munoz, Ndeye Coumba Ndiaye, William A. Neal, Ilona Nenko, Flavio Nervi, Hannelore K. Neuhauser, Nguyen D. Nguyen, Quang Ngoc Nguyen, Ramfis E. Nieto-Martinez, Teemu J. Niiranen, Guang Ning, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Sania Nishtar, Marianna Noale, Oscar A. Noboa, Ahmad Ali Noorbala, Teresa Norat, Davide Noto, Mohannad Al Nsour, Dermot O'Reilly, Kyungwon Oh, Maria Teresa A. Olinto, Isabel O. Oliveira, Mohd Azahadi Omar, Altan Onat, Pedro Ordunez, Clive Osmond, Sergej M. Ostojic, Johanna A. Otero, Kim Overvad, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Fred Michel Paccaud, Cristina Padez, Elena Pahomova, Andrzej Pajak, Domenico Palli, Luigi Palmieri, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Francesco Panza, Dimitrios Papandreou, Winsome R. Parnell, Mahboubeh Parsaeian, Ivan Pecin, Mangesh S. Pednekar, Nasheeta Peer, Petra H. Peeters, Sergio Viana Peixoto, Catherine Pelletier, Markku Peltonen, Alexandre C. Pereira, Rosa Marina Perez, Annette Peters, Janina Petkeviciene, Niloofar Peykari, Son Thai Pham, Iris Pigeot, Hynek Pikhart, Aida Pilav, Lorenza Pilotto, Freda Pitakaka, Pedro Plans-Rubio, Maria Polakowska, Ozren Polasek, Miquel Porta, Marileen L. P. Portegies, Akram Pourshams, Rajendra Pradeepa, Mathur Prashant, Jacqueline F. Price, Maria Puiu, Margus Punab, Radwan F. Qasrawi, Mostafa Qorbani, Ivana Radic, Ricardas Radisauskas, Mahfuzar Rahman, Olli Raitakari, Manu Raj, Sudha Ramachandra Rao, Elisabete Ramos, Sanjay Rampal, Daniel A. Rangel Reina, Finn Rasmussen, Josep Redon, Paul Ferdinand M. Reganit, Robespierre Ribeiro, Elio Riboli, Fernando Rigo, Tobias F. Rinke de Wit, Raphael M. Ritti-Dias, Sian M. Robinson, Cynthia Robitaille, Fernando Rodriguez-Artalejo, Laura A. Rodriguez-Villamizar, Rosalba Rojas-Martinez, Annika Rosengren, Adolfo Rubinstein, Ornelas Rui, Blanca Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Andrea R. V. Russo Horimoto, Marcin Rutkowski, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Harshpal S. Sachdev, Olfa Saidi, Sibel Sakarya, Benoit Salanave, Eduardo Salazar Martinez, Diego Salmeron, Veikko Salomaa, Jukka T. Salonen, Massimo Salvetti, Jose Sanchez-Abanto, Susana Sans, Diana Santos, Ina S. Santos, Renata Nunes dos Santos, Rute Santos, Jouko L. Saramies, Luis B. Sardinha, Giselle Sarganas Margolis, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Kai-Uwe Saum, Savvas C. Savva, Marcia Scazufca, Herman Schargrodsky, Ione J. Schneider, Constance Schultsz, Aletta E. Schutte, Abhijit Sen, Idowu O. Senbanjo, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Sanjib K. Sharma, Jonathan E. Shaw, Kenji Shibuya, Dong Wook Shin, Youchan Shin, Rosalynn Siantar, Abla M. Sibai, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Mary Simon, Judith Simons, Leon A. Simons, Michael Sjotrom, Sine Skovbjerg, Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer, Przemyslaw Slusarczyk, Liam Smeeth, Margaret C. Smith, Marieke B. Snijder, Hung-Kwan So, Eugene Sobngwi, Stefan Soderberg, Vincenzo Solfrizzi, Emily Sonestedt, Yi Song, Thorkild I. A. Sorensen, Maroje Soric, Charles Sossa Jerome, Aicha Soumare, Jan A. Staessen, Gregor Starc, Maria G. Stathopoulou, Bill Stavreski, Jostein Steene-Johannessen, Peter Stehle, Aryeh D. Stein, George S. Stergiou, Jochanan Stessman, Jutta Stieber, Doris Stoeckl, Tanja Stocks, Jakub Stokwiszewski, Karien Stronks, Maria Wany Strufaldi, Chien-An Sun, Johan Sundstrom, Yn-Tz Sung, Paibul Suriyawongpaisal, Rody G. Sy, E. Shyong Tai, Mari-Liis Tammesoo, Abdonas Tamosiunas, Line Tang, Xun Tang, Frank Tanser, Yong Tao, Mohammed Rasoul Tarawneh, Carolina B. Tarqui-Mamani, Anne Taylor, Holger Theobald, Lutgarde Thijs, Betina H. Thuesen, Anne Tjonneland, Hanna K. Tolonen, Murat Topbas, Roman Topor-Madry, Maria Jose Tormo, Maties Torrent, Pierre Traissac, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Antonia Trichopoulou, Oanh T. H. Trinh, Atul Trivedi, Lechaba Tshepo, Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen, Maria L. Turley, Per Tynelius, Christophe Tzourio, Peter Ueda, Eunice Ugel, Hanno Ulmer, Hannu M. T. Uusitalo, Gonzalo Valdivia, Damaskini Valvi, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Koen Van Herck, Lenie van Rossem, Irene G. M. van Valkengoed, Dirk Vanderschueren, Diego Vanuzzo, Lars Vatten, Tomas Vega, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez, Giovanni Veronesi, W. M. Monique Verschuren, Roosmarijn Verstraeten, Cesar G. Victora, Lucie Viet, Eira Viikari-Juntura, Paolo Vineis, Jesus Vioque, Jyrki K. Virtanen, Sophie Visvikis-Siest, Bharathi Viswanathan, Peter Vollenweider, Ana Vrdoljak, Martine Vrijheid, Alisha N. Wade, Aline Wagner, Janette Walton, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud, Ming-Dong Wang, Qian Wang, Ya Xing Wang, S. Goya Wannamethee, Nicholas Wareham, Niels Wederkopp, Deepa Weerasekera, Peter H. Whincup, Kurt Widhalm, Indah S. Widyahening, Andrzej Wiecek, Alet H. Wijga, Rainford J. Wilks, Peter Willeit, Emmanuel A. Williams, Tom Wilsgaard, Bogdan Wojtyniak, Tien Yin Wong, Roy A. Wong-McClure, Jean Woo, Mark Woodward, Aleksander Giwercman Wu, Frederick C. Wu, Shou Ling Wu, Haiquan Xu, Weili Yan, Xiaoguang Yang, Xingwang Ye, Panayiotis K. Yiallouros, Akihiro Yoshihara, Novie O. Younger-Coleman, Ahmad F. Yusoff, Sabina Zambon, Tomasz Zdrojewski, Yi Zeng, Dong Zhao, Wenhua Zhao, Yingffeng Zheng, Dan Zhu, Esther Zimmermann, Julio Zuniga Cisneros

LANCET 389 ( 10064 ) 37 - 55 2017.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC

Background Raised blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. We estimated worldwide trends in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of, and number of people with, raised blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher.
Methods For this analysis, we pooled national, subnational, or community population-based studies that had measured blood pressure in adults aged 18 years and older. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2015 in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of raised blood pressure for 200 countries. We calculated the contributions of changes in prevalence versus population growth and ageing to the increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure.
Findings We pooled 1479 studies that had measured the blood pressures of 19.1 million adults. Global age-standardised mean systolic blood pressure in 2015 was 127.0 mm Hg (95% credible interval 125.7-128.3) in men and 122.3 mm Hg (121.0-123.6) in women; age-standardised mean diastolic blood pressure was 78.7 mm Hg (77.9-79.5) for men and 76.7 mm Hg (75.9-77.6) for women. Global age-standardised prevalence of raised blood pressure was 24.1% (21.4-27.1) in men and 20.1% (17.8-22.5) in women in 2015. Mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure decreased substantially from 1975 to 2015 in high-income western and Asia Pacific countries, moving these countries from having some of the highest worldwide blood pressure in 1975 to the lowest in 2015. Mean blood pressure also decreased in women in central and eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and, more recently, central Asia, Middle East, and north Africa, but the estimated trends in these super-regions had larger uncertainty than in high-income super-regions. By contrast, mean blood pressure might have increased in east and southeast Asia, south Asia, Oceania, and sub-Saharan Africa. In 2015, central and eastern Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, and south Asia had the highest blood pressure levels. Prevalence of raised blood pressure decreased in high-income and some middle-income countries; it remained unchanged elsewhere. The number of adults with raised blood pressure increased from 594 million in 1975 to 1.13 billion in 2015, with the increase largely in low-income and middle-income countries. The global increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure is a net effect of increase due to population growth and ageing, and decrease due to declining age-specific prevalence.
Interpretation During the past four decades, the highest worldwide blood pressure levels have shifted from high-income countries to low-income countries in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa due to opposite trends, while blood pressure has been persistently high in central and eastern Europe.
Funding Wellcome Trust. Copyright (C) The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY license.

DOI： 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31919-5

Do Community-dwelling 75-year-old People with 20 or More Teeth Have a Healthy Dietary Pattern?

Malnutrition and oral disease in the elderly – is there any bidirectional relationship? Invited Reviewed

Masanori Iwasaki, Misuzu Sato, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki

Current Oral Health Reports 4 ( 2 ) 70 - 78 2017

KIMURA Hideki, WATANABE Tomoko, SUZUKI Ayuho, IWASAKI Masanori, YOSHIHARA Akihiro, OGAWA Hiroshi, MIYAZAKI Hideo

JOURNAL OF DENTAL HEALTH 67 ( 3 ) 172 - 180 2017

Language：Japanese Publisher：Japanese Society for Oral Health

<p>The oral health of elderly people is not only important in the maintenance of solid nutrition and articulation but also for their quality of life (QOL). The presence of ≥20 teeth is one of the criteria in the maintenance of the oral function and general health. In 2015, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan announced the guideline called "Healthy Diet", which supports the longevity of Japanese people. We examined the association between the presence of ≥20 teeth and healthy diet among 75-year-old people. This study included 338 people aged 75 years who participated in the Niigata Elderly Study (2003), in which oral examination, medical checkup, and a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ) survey had been carried out. A healthy dietary pattern was defined according to Japan's healthy diet guideline. The healthy diet assumes that one meal consists of three main dishes: grain dish, fish or meat dish, and vegetable dish. For each dish, there are lower and upper limits on the amount of food consumed per meal. For this reason, we set the per-day lower limit as equal to three times the lower limit for a meal. In this study, the sufficiency group satisfied all three dish divisions (i.e., those who achieved a healthy dietary pattern), and the insufficiency group did not meet at least one dish division. The association between the presence of ≥20 teeth and a healthy dietary pattern was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. As a result, individuals with ≥20 teeth had significantly higher odds of having a healthy dietary pattern (adjusted odds ratio, 1.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.1–2.6). In conclusion, our results suggest that there is a relationship between the presence of ≥20 teeth and meal patterns in elderly people.</p>

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.67.3_172

CiNii Article

CiNii Books

Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2017356870

Oral health and depression in older Japanese people

Tomoya Takiguchi, Akihiro Yoshihara, Naoko Takano, Hideo Miyazaki

GERODONTOLOGY 33 ( 4 ) 439 - 446 2016.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between oral dysfunction and depressive symptoms in Japanese community-dwelling seniors.
Materials and methodsParticipants included 351 community-dwelling seniors (189 men, 162 women) aged 77years. During dental examination, teeth and periodontal condition, including number of teeth, number of dental caries, pocket depth and clinical attachment level, were assessed, and unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates were measured. The General Health Questionnaire 30 (GHQ-30) was used to assess depression. The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (TMIG) Index of Competence was used to assess activities of daily living.
ResultsMultiple logistic regression analysis revealed that gender (odds ratio [OR] = 2.3), low unstimulated salivary flow rate (OR = 2.1), Complaint of mouth pain' (OR = 2.4), Complaint of physical disorders' (OR = 2.1), and the total TMIG Index of Competence score (OR = 2.0) were positively associated with the high GHQ-30 score.
ConclusionSubjective and objective oral dryness and oral pain are associated with depressive symptoms.

DOI： 10.1111/ger.12177

Longitudinal association of dentition status with dietary intake in Japanese adults aged 75 to 80 years Reviewed

M. Iwasaki, A. Yoshihara, H. Ogawa, M. Sato, K. Muramatsu, R. Watanabe, T. Ansai, H. Miyazaki

JOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION 43 ( 10 ) 737 - 744 2016.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Limited information is available on the temporal association between dentition status and dietary intake. The aim of this 5-year prospective cohort study was to investigate whether impaired dentition was associated with subsequent decline in dietary intake in older Japanese adults. Two hundred and eighty-six community-dwelling Japanese individuals, all aged 75 years at baseline, were included in the study. Functional tooth units (FTUs), defined as a pair of opposing natural or prosthetic teeth excluding third molars (range: 0-14), were counted on the basis of baseline dental examinations. Individuals with 5 FTUs were defined as having impaired dentition. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline and 5 years later, using a validated dietary questionnaire. Robust regression analyses were used to evaluate the differences in change in dietary intake between participants with and without impaired functional dentition, after adjustment for potential confounders. Sixty-one study participants (213 %) were defined as having impaired dentition. Overall, mean values for all estimated dietary variables (energy, nutrients and food groups) declined over time. Notably, individuals with impaired dentition demonstrated a significantly (P < 005) greater degree of decline in the intake of multiple nutrients (protein, sodium, potassium, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin E and dietary fibre) and food groups (vegetable and meat) than those without impaired dentition, after adjusting for potential confounders. The results of this study describe the temporal association of impaired dentition with the decline in selected nutrient and food group intake among older Japanese adults.

DOI： 10.1111/joor.12427

Longitudinal relationship of severe periodontitis with cognitive decline in older Japanese Reviewed

M. Iwasaki, A. Yoshihara, Y. Kimura, M. Sato, T. Wada, R. Sakamoto, Y. Ishimoto, E. Fukutomi, W. Chen, H. Imai, M. Fujisawa, K. Okumiya, G. W. Taylor, T. Ansai, H. Miyazaki, K. Matsubayashi

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH 51 ( 5 ) 681 - 688 2016.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Background and Objective: Epidemiologic data examining the longitudinal relationship between periodontitis and cognitive status are very limited, especially in Asian populations. The present study examined the longitudinal relationship of periodontitis with cognitive decline in 85 Japanese community-dwelling individuals (average age: 79.3 years) for whom data were available from comprehensive health examinations conducted in 2010 and 2013.
Material and Methods: Based on a baseline full-mouth periodontal examination, severe periodontitis was defined using a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology definition. Cognitive decline during the 3-year study period was defined using the results of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Information on age, gender, education, depression, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol use, exercise, hypertension, diabetes, history of cardiovascular disease and stroke, and baseline MMSE scores were obtained and tested as potential confounders in the statistical models.
Results: Among 85 study participants, 21 (24.7%) were defined as having severe periodontitis. Multivariable Poisson regression analyses revealed that severe periodontitis was significantly associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline [adjusted relative risk = 2.2; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.1-4.5]. Furthermore, multivariable linear regression analyses revealed that participants with severe periodontitis had a 1.8-point greater decrease (95% CI: -3.3 to -0.2) in MMSE score than those without severe periodontitis.
Conclusion: Within the limitations related to its small sample size, the findings of the present study suggest that severe periodontitis is significantly associated with future decline in cognitive function among community-dwelling older Japanese subjects.

DOI： 10.1111/jre.12348

Cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate and periodontitis

Masanori Iwasaki, George W. Taylor, Misuzu Sato, Kazutoshi Nakamura, Akihiro Yoshihara, Hideo Miyazaki

GERODONTOLOGY 33 ( 3 ) 328 - 334 2016.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Background and ObjectiveAccumulating evidence suggests that decreased kidney function characterised by low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) may be associated with periodontitis. Recent studies have suggested that the use of cystatin C strengthens the association between the eGFR and the risks of adverse outcomes in decreased kidney function. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association of cystatin C-based eGFR (eGFRcys) and creatinine-based eGFR (eGFRcreat), the commonly used method to assess kidney function, with periodontitis in 502 Japanese women (average age, 68.6years).
Materials and MethodsGFR was estimated from serum cystatin C and serum creatinine, respectively, using the Japanese equation for GFR. Participants were classified into five groups according to their eGFRcys and eGFRcreat values. Poisson regression models with robust error variance assessed the associations of eGFRcys and eGFRcreat with periodontitis. Tests for trends were performed by fitting the five-category eGFR variables in their continuous form to the regression models.
ResultsParticipants with eGFRcys<50ml/min/1.73 m(2) were at significantly higher risk of periodontitis compared with the reference group (90ml/min/1.73m(2)) (adjusted relative risk = 2.12, 95% confidence interval = 1.12 to 4.02). Additionally, there was a trend towards a higher risk of periodontitis among participants with lower eGFRcys values (p for trend in the multivariable model = 0.008). In contrast, eGFRcreat did not show a significant association with periodontitis.
ConclusionThe findings of this study of Japanese older women showed that eGFRcys had a stronger and more linear association with periodontitis than eGFRcreat.

DOI： 10.1111/ger.12159

Bidirectional relationship between renal function and periodontal disease in older Japanese women

Akihiro Yoshihara, Masanori Iwasaki, Hideo Miyazaki, Kazutoshi Nakamura

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY 43 ( 9 ) 720 - 726 2016.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the reciprocal effects of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and periodontal disease.
Material and MethodsA total of 332 postmenopausal never smoking women were enrolled, and their serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, serum osteocalcin and serum cystatin C levels were measured. Poor renal function was defined as serum cystatin C>0.91mg/l. Periodontal disease markers, including clinical attachment level and the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), were also evaluated. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationships between renal function and periodontal disease markers, serum osteocalcin level and hsCRP level. The prevalence-rate ratios (PRRs) on multiple Poisson regression analyses were determined to evaluate the relationships between periodontal disease markers and serum osteocalcin, serum cystatin C and serum hsCRP levels.
ResultsOn logistic regression analysis, PISA was significantly associated with serum cystatin C level. The odds ratio for serum cystatin C level was 2.44 (p=0.011). The PRR between serum cystatin C level and periodontal disease markers such as number of sites with clinical attachment level 6mm was significantly positive (3.12, p<0.001). Similar tendencies were shown for serum osteocalcin level.
ConclusionThis study suggests that CKD and periodontal disease can have reciprocal effects.

DOI： 10.1111/jcpe.12576

Maximum bite force at age 70 years predicts all-cause mortality during the following 13 years in Japanese men Reviewed

M. Iwasaki, A. Yoshihara, N. Sato, M. Sato, G. W. Taylor, T. Ansai, T. Ono, H. Miyazaki

Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 43 ( 8 ) 565 - 574 2016.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Blackwell Publishing Ltd

There is limited information on the impact of oral function on mortality among older adults. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to examine whether an objective measure of oral function, maximum bite force (MBF), is associated with mortality in older adults during a 13-year follow-up period. Five hundred and fifty-nine community-dwelling Japanese (282 men and 277 women) aged 70 years at baseline were included in the study. Medical and dental examinations and a questionnaire survey were conducted at baseline. Maximum bite force was measured using an electronic recording device (Occlusal Force-Meter GM10). Follow-up investigation to ascertain vital status was conducted 13 years after baseline examinations. Survival rates among MBF tertiles were compared using Cox proportional hazards regression models stratified by sex. There were a total of 111 deaths (82 events for men and 29 for women). Univariable analysis revealed that male participants in the lower MBF tertile had increased risk of all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) = 1·94, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1·13–3·34] compared with those in the upper MBF tertile. This association remained significant after adjustment for confounders (adjusted HR = 1·84, 95% CI = 1·07–3·19). Conversely, no association between MBF and all-cause mortality was observed in female participants. Maximum bite force was independently associated with all-cause mortality in older Japanese male adults. These data provide additional evidence for the association between oral function and geriatric health.

DOI： 10.1111/joor.12401

Scopus

小学校における昼休みを活用した歯みがき指導の効果

高橋明恵, 葭原明弘, 中島俊一, 諏訪間加奈, 宮崎晶子

日本歯科衛生学会雑誌 11 ( 1 ) 90 - 90 2016.8

A century of trends in adult human height Reviewed

James Bentham, Mariachiara Di Cesare, Gretchen A. Stevens, Bin Zhou, Honor Bixby, Melanie Cowan, Lea Fortunato, James E. Bennett, Goodarz Danaei, Kaveh Hajifathalian, Yuan Lu, Leanne M. Riley, Avula Laxmaiah, Vasilis Kontis, Christopher J. Paciorek, Elio Riboli, Majid Ezzati, Ziad A. Abdeen, Zargar Abdul Hamid, Niveen M. Abu-Rmeileh, Benjamin Acosta-Cazares, Robert Adams, Wichai Aekplakorn, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Charles Agyemang, Alireza Ahmadvand, Wolfgang Ahrens, Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa, Amani Rashed Al-Othman, Rajaa Al Raddadi, Mohamed M. Ali, Ala'a Alkerwi, Mar Alvarez-Pedrerol, Eman Aly, Philippe Amouyel, Antoinette Amuzu, Lars Bo Andersen, Sigmund A. Anderssen, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri, Inger Ariansen, Tahir Aris, Nimmathota Arlappa, Dominique Arveiler, Felix K. Assah, Maria Avdicova, Fereidoun Azizi, Bontha V. Babu, Suhad Bahijri, Nagalla Balakrishna, Piotr Bandosz, Jose R. Banegas, Carlo M. Barbagallo, Alberto Barcelo, Amina Barkat, Mauro V. Barros, Iqbal Bata, Anwar M. Batieha, Rosangela L. Batista, Louise A. Baur, Robert Beaglehole, Habiba Ben Romdhane, Mikhail Benet, James E. Bennett, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Gailute Bernotine, Heloisa Bettiol, Aroor Bhagyalaxmi, Sumit Bharadwaj, Santosh K. Bhargava, Zaid Bhatti, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Hongsheng Bi, Yufang Bi, Peter Bjerregaard, Espen Bjertness, Marius B. Bjertness, Cecilia Bjorkelund, Anneke Blokstra, Simona Bo, Martin Bobak, Lynne M. Boddy, Bernhard O. Boehm, Heiner Boeing, Carlos P. Boissonnet, Vanina Bongard, Pascal Bovet, Lutgart Braeckman, Marjolijn C. E. Bragt, Imperia Brajkovich, Francesco Branca, Juergen Breckenkamp, Hermann Brenner, Lizzy M. Brewster, Garry R. Brian, Graziella Bruno, H. B(as) Bueno-de-Mesquita, Anna Bugge, Con Burns, Antonio Cabrera de Leon, Joseph Cacciottolo, Tilema Cama, Christine Cameron, Jose Camolas, Gunay Can, Ana Paula C. Candido, Vincenzo Capuano, Viviane C. Cardoso, Axel C. Carlsson, Maria J. Carvalho, Felipe F. Casanueva, Juan-Pablo Casas, Carmelo A. Caserta, Snehalatha Chamukuttan, Angelique W. Chan, Queenie Chan, Himanshu K. Chaturvedi, Nishi Chaturvedi, Chien-Jen Chen, Fangfang Chen, Huashuai Chen, Shuohua Chen, Zhengming Chen, Ching-Yu Cheng, Angela Chetrit, Arnaud Chiolero, Shu-Ti Chiou, Adela Chirita-Emandi, Belong Cho, Yumi Cho, Kaare Christensen, Jerzy Chudek, Renata Cifkova, Frank Claessens, Els Clays, Hans Concin, Cyrus Cooper, Rachel Cooper, Tara C. Coppinger, Simona Costanzo, Dominique Cottel, Chris Cowell, Cora L. Craig, Ana B. Crujeiras, Graziella D'Arrigo, Eleonora d'Orsi, Jean Dallongeville, Albertino Damasceno, Camilla T. Damsgaard, Goodarz Danaei, Rachel Dankner, Luc Dauchet, Guy De Backer, Dirk De Bacque, Giovanni de Gaetano, Stefaan De Hanauw, Delphine De Smedt, Mohan Deepa, Alexander D. Deev, Abbas Dehghan, Helene Delisle, Francis Delpeuch, Valerie Deschamps, Klodian Dhana, Augusto F. Di Castelnuovo, Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa, Alejandro Diaz, Shirin Djalalinia, Ha T. P. Do, Annette J. Dobson, Chiara Donfrancesco, Silvana P. Donoso, Angela Doering, Kouamelan Doua, Wojciech Drygas, Vilnis Dzerve, Eruke E. Egbagbe, Robert Eggertsen, Ulf Ekelund, Jalila El Ati, Paul Elliott, Reina Engle-Stone, Rajiv T. Erasmus, Cihangir Erem, Loise Eriksen, Jorge Escobedo-de la Pena, Alun Evans, David Faeh, Caroline H. Fall, Farshad Farzadfar, Francisco J. Felix-Redondo, Trevor S. Ferguson, Daniel Fernandez-Berges, Daniel Ferrante, Marika Ferrari, Catterina Ferreccio, Jean Ferrieres, Joseph D. Finn, Krista Fischer, Eric Monterubio Flores, Bernhard Foeger, Leng Huat Foo, Ann-Sofie Forslund, Maria Forsner, Stephen P. Fortmann, Heba M. Francis, Damian K. Francis, Maria do Carmo Franco, Oscar H. Franco, Guillermo Frontera, Flavio D. Fuchs, Sandra C. Fuchs, Yuki Fujita, Takuro Furusawa, Takuro Furusawa, Zbigniew Gaciong, Mihai Gafencu, Dickman Gareta, Sarah P. Garnett, Jean-Michel Gaspoz, Magda Gasull, Louise Gates, Johanna M. Geleijnse, Anoosheh Ghasemian, Simona Giampaoli, Francesco Gianfagna, Jonathan Giovannelli, Aleksander Giwercman, Rebecca A. Goldsmith, Helen Goncalves, Marcela Gonzalez Gross, Juan P. Gonzalez Rivas, Mariano Bonet Gorbea, Frederic Gottrand, Sidsel Graff-Iversen, Dusan Grafnetter, Aneta Grajda, Maria G. Grammatikopoulou, Ronald D. Gregor, Tomasz Grodzicki, Anders Grontved, Grabriella Gruden, Vera Grujic, Dongfeng Gu, Emanuela Gualdi-Russo, Ong Peng Guan, Vilmundur Gudnason, Ramiro Guerrero, Idris Guessous, Andre L. Guimaraes, Martin C. Gulliford, Johanna Gunnlaugsdottir, Marc Gunter, Xiuhua Guo, Yin Guo, Prakash C. Gupta, Oye Gureje, Beata Gurzkowska, Laura Gutierrez, Felix Gutzwiller, Jytte Halkjaer, Ian R. Hambleton, Rebecca Hardy, Rachakulla Hari Kumar, Jun Hata, Alison J. Hayes, Jiang He, Marleen Ekisabeth Hendriks, Leticia Hernandez Cadena, Sauli Herrala, Ramin Heshmat, Ilpo Tapani Hihtaniemi, Sai Yin Ho, Suzanne C. Ho, Michael Hobbs, Albert Hofman, Claudi M. Hormiga, Bernardo L. Horta, Leila Houti, Christina Howitt, Thein Thein Htay, Aung Soe Htet, Maung Maung Than Htike, Yonghua Hu, Abdullatif Husseini, Chinh Nguyen Huu, Inge Huybrechts, Nahla Hwalla, Licia Iacoviello, Anna G. Iannone, Mohsen M. Ibrahim, Nayu Ikeda, M. Arfan Ikram, Vilma E. Irazola, Muhammad Islam, Vanja Ivkovic, Masanori Iwasaki, Rod T. Jackson, Jeremy M. Jacobs, Tazeen Jafar, Kazi M. Jamil, Konrad Jamrozik, Imre Janszky, Grazyna Jasienska, Bojan Jelakovic, Chao Qiang Jiang, Michel Joffres, Mattias Johansson, Jost B. Jonas, Torben Jorgensen, Pradeep Joshi, Anne Juolevi, Gregor Jurak, Vesno Juresa, Rudolf Kaaks, Anthony Kafatos, Ofra Kalter-Leibovici, Efthymios Kapantais, Amir Kasaeian, Joanne Katz, Prabhdeep Kaur, Maryam Kavousi, Ulrich Keil, Lital Keinan Boker, Sirkka Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Roya Kelishadi, Han C. G. Kemper, Andre P. Kengne, Mathilde Kersting, Timothy Key, Yousef Saleh Khader, Davood Khalili, Young-Ho Khang, Kay-Tee H. Khaw, Ilse M. S. L. Khouw, Stefan Kiechl, Japhet Killewo, Jeongseon Kim, Jeannette Klimont, Jurate Klumbiene, Bhawesh Koirala, Elin Kolle, Patrick Kolsteren, Paul Korrovits, Seppo Koskinen, Katsuyasu Kouda, Slawomir Koziel, Wolfgang Kratzer, Steinar Krokstad, Daan Kromhout, Herculina S. Kruger, Ruzena Kubinova, Urho M. Kujala, Krzysztof Kula, Zbigniew Kulaga, R. Krishna Kumar, Pawel Kurjata, Yadlapalli S. Kusuma, Kari Kuulasmaa, Catherine Kyobutungi, Fatima Zahra Laamiri, Tiina Laatikainen, Carl Lachat, Youcef Laid, Tai Hing Lam, Orlando Landrove, Vera Lanska, Georg Lappas, Bagher Larijani, Lars E. Laugsand, Avula Laxmaiah, Khanh Le Nguyen Bao, Tuyen D Le, Catherine Leclercq, Jeannette Lee, Jeonghee Lee, Terho Lehtimaki, Rampal Lekhraj, Luz M. Leon-Munoz, Yanping Li, Christa L. Lilly, Wei-Yen Lim, M. Fernanda Lima-Costa, Hsien-Ho Lin, Xu Lin, Allan Linneberg, Lauren Lissner, Mieczyslaw Litwin, Jing Liu, Roberto Lorbeer, Paulo A. Lotufo, Jose Eugenio Lozano, Dalia Luksiene, Annamari Lundqvist, Nuno Lunet, Guansheng Ma, Jun Ma, George L. L. Machado-Coelho, Suka Machi, Stefania Maggi, Dianna J. Magliano, Bernard Maire, Marcia Makdisse, Reza Malekzadeh, Rahul Malhotra, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao, Sofia Malyutina, Yannis Manios, Jim I. Mann, Enzo Manzato, Paula Margozzini, Oonagh Markey, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Jaume Marrugat, Yves Martin-Prevel, Reynaldo Martorell, Shariq R. Masoodi, Ellisiv B. Mathiesen, Tandi E. Matsha, Artur Mazur, Jean Claude N. Mbanya, Shelly R. McFarlane, Stephen T. McGarvey, Martin McKee, Stela McLachlan, Rachael M. McLean, Breige A. McNulty, Safiah Md Yusof, Sounnia Mediene-Benchekor, Aline Meirhaeghe, Christa Meisinger, Ana Maria B. Menezes, Gert B. M. Mensink, Indrapal I. Meshram, Andres Metspalu, Jie Mi, Kim F. Michaelsen, Kairit Mikkel, Jody C. Miller, Juan Francisco Miquel, J. Jaime Miranda, Marjeta Misigoj-Durakovic, Mostafa K. Mohamed, Kazem Mohammad, Noushin Mohammadifard, Viswanathan Mohan, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff, Drude Molbo, Niels C. Moller, Denes Molnar, Charles K. Mondo, Eric A. Monterrubio, Kotsedi Daniel K. Monyeki, Leila B. Moreira, Alain Morejon, Luis A. Moreno, Karen Morgan, Erik Lykke Mortensen, George Moschonis, Malgorzata Mossakowska, Aya Mostafa, Jorge Mota, Mohammad Esmaeel Motlagh, Jorge Motta, Thet Thet Mu, Maria Lorenza Muiesan, Martina Mueller-Nurasyid, Neil Murphy, Jaakko Mursu, Elaine M. Murtagh, Kamarul Imran Musa, Vera Musil, Gabriele Nagel, Harunobu Nakamura, Jana Namesna, Ei Ei K. Nang, Vinay B. Nangia, Martin Nankap, Sameer Narake, Eva Maria Navarrete-Munoz, William A. Neal, Ilona Nenko, Martin Neovius, Flavio Nervi, Hannelore K. Neuhauser, Nguyen D. Nguyen, Quang Ngoc Nguyen, Ramfis E. Nieto-Martinez, Guang Ning, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Sania Nishtar, Marianna Noale, Teresa Norat, Davide Noto, Mohannad Al Nsour, Dermot O'Reilly, Kyungwon Oh, Iman H. Olayan, Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto, Maciej Oltarzewski, Mohd A. Omar, Altan Onat, Pedro Ordunez, Ana P. Ortiz, Merete Osler, Clive Osmond, Sergej M. Ostojic, Johanna A. Otero, Kim Overvad, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Fred Michel Paccaud, Cristina Padez, Elena Pahomova, Andrzej Pajak, Domenico Palli, Alberto Palloni, Luigi Palmieri, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Francesco Panza, Winsome R. Parnell, Mahboubeh Parsaeian, Ivan Pecin, Mangesh S. Pednekar, Petra H. Peeters, Sergio Viana Peixoto, Markku Peltonen, Alexandre C. Pereira, Cynthia M. Perez, Annette Peters, Janina Petkeviciene, Niloofar Peykari, Son Thai Pham, Iris Pigeot, Hynek Pikhart, Aida Pilav, Lorenza Pilotto, Francesco Pistelli, Freda Pitakaka, Aleksandra Piwonska, Pedro Plans-Rubio, Bee Koon Poh, Miquel Porta, Marileen L. P. Portegies, Dimitrios Poulimeneas, Rajendra Pradeepa, Mathur Prashant, Jacqueline F. Price, Maria Puiu, Margus Punab, Radwan F. Qasrawi, Mostafa Qorbani, Tran Quoc Bao, Ivana Radic, Ricardas Radisauskas, Mahmudur Rahman, Olli Raitakari, Manu Raj, Sudha Ramachandra Rao, Ambady Ramachandran, Jacqueline Ramke, Rafel Ramos, Sanjay Rampal, Finn Rasmussen, Josep Redon, Paul Ferdinand M. Reganit, Robespierre Ribeiro, Elio Riboli, Fernando Rigo, Tobias F. Rinke de Wit, Raphael M. Ritti-Dias, Juan A. Rivera, Sian M. Robinson, Cynthia Robitaille, Fernando Rodri-guez-Artalejo, Maria del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Laura A. Rodriguez-Villamizar, Rosalba Rojas-Martinez, Nipa Rojroongwasinkul, Dora Romaguera, Kimmo Ronkainen, Annika Rosengren, Ian Rouse, Adolfo Rubinstein, Frank J. Ruhli, Ornelas Rui, Blanca Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Andrea R. V. Russo Horimoto, Marcin Rutkowski, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Harshpal S. Sachdev, Olfa Saidi, Benoit Salanave, Eduardo Salazar Martinez, Veikko Salomaa, Jukka T. Salonen, Massimo Salvetti, Jose Sanchez-Abanto, Sandjaja, Susana Sans, Diana A. Santos, Osvaldo Santos, Renata Nunes dos Santos, Rute Santos, Jouko L. Saramies, Luis B. Sardinha, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Kai-Uwe Saum, Savvas C. Savva, Marcia Scazufca, Angelika Schaffrath Rosario, Herman Schargrodsky, Anja Schienkiewitz, Ida Maria Schmidt, Ione J. Schneider, Constance Schultsz, Aletta E. Schutte, Aye Aye Sein, Abhijit Sen, Idowu O. Senbanjo, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Svetlana A. Shalnova, Sanjib K. Sharma, Jonathan E. Shaw, Kenji Shibuya, Dong Wook Shin, Youchan Shin, Rahman Shiri, Rosalynn Siantar, Abla M. Sibai, Antonio M. Silva, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Mary Simon, Judith Simons, Leon A. Simons, Michael Sjostrom, Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer, Przemyslaw Slusarczyk, Liam Smeeth, Margaret C. Smith, Marieke B. Snijder, Hung-Kwan So, Eugene Sobngwi, Stefan Soderberg, Moesijanti Y. E. Soekatri, Vincenzo Solfrizzi, Emily Sonestedt, Yi Song, Thorkild I. A. Sorensen, Maroje Soric, Charles Sossa Jerome, Aicha Soumare, Jan A. Staessen, Gregor Starc, Maria G. Stathopoulou, Kaspar Staub, Bill Stavreski, Jostein Steene-Johannessen, Peter Stehle, Aryeh D. Stein, George S. Stergiou, Jochanan Stessman, Jutta Stieber, Doris Stoeckl, Tanja Stocks, Jakub Stokwiszewski, Gareth Stratton, Karien Stronks, Maria Wany Strufaldi, Chien-An Sun, Johan Sundstroem, Yn-Tz Sung, Jordi Sunyer, Paibul Suriyawongpaisal, Boyd A. Swinburn, Rody G. Sy, Lucjan Szponar, E. Shyong Tai, Mari-Liis Tammesoo, Abdonas Tamosiunas, Line Tang, Xun Tang, Frank Tanser, Yong Tao, Mohammed Rasoul Tarawneh, Jakob Tarp, Carolina B. Tarqui-Mamani, Anne Taylor, Felicite Tchibindat, Holger Theobald, Lutgarde Thijs, Betina H. Thuesen, Anne Tjonneland, Hanna K. Tolonen, Janne S. Tolstrup, Murat Topbas, Roman Topor-Madry, Maties Torrent, Stefania Toselli, Pierre Traissac, Antonia Trichopoulou, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Oanh T. H. Trinh, Atul Trivedi, Lechaba Tshepo, Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Maria L. Turley, Per Tynelius, Themistoklis Tzotzas, Christophe Tzourio, Peter Ueda, Flora A. M. Ukoli, Hanno Ulmer, Belgin Unal, Hannu M. T. Uusitalo, Gonzalo Valdivia, Susana Vale, Damaskini Valvi, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Koen Van Herck, Hoang Van Minh, Lenie van Rossem, Irene G. M. van Valkengoed, Dirk Vanderschueren, Diego Vanuzzo, Lars Vatten, Tomas Vega, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez, Giovanni Veronesi, W. M. Monique Verschuren, Roosmarijn Verstraeten, Cesar G. Victora, Giovanni Viegi, Lucie Viet, Eira Viikari-Juntura, Paolo Vineis, Jesus Vioque, Jyrki K. Virtanen, Sophie Visvikis-Siest, Bharathi Viswanathan, Peter Vollenweider, Sari Voutilainen, Ana Vrdoljak, Martine Vrijheid, Alisha N. Wade, Aline Wagner, Janette Walton, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud, Ming-Dong Wang, Qian Wang, Ya Xing Wang, S. Goya Wannamethee, Nicholas Wareham, Deepa Weerasekera, Peter H. Whincup, Kurt Widhalm, Indah S. Widyahening, Andrzej Wiecek, Alet H. Wijga, Rainford J. Wilks, Johann Willeit, Tom Wilsgaard, Bogdan Wojtyniak, Jyh Eiin Wong, Tien Yin Wong, Jean Woo, Mark Woodward, Frederick C. Wu, Jianfeng Wu, Shou Ling Wu, Haiquan Xu, Liang Xu, Uruwan Yamborisut, Weili Yan, Xiaoguang Yang, Nazan Yardim, Xingwang Ye, Panayiotis K. Yiallouros, Akihiro Yoshihara, Qi Sheng You, Novie O. Younger-Coleman, Ahmad F. Yusoff, Ahmad A. Zainuddin, Sabina Zambon, Tomasz Zdrojewski, Yi Zeng, Dong Zhao, Wenhua Zhao, Yingfeng Zheng, Maigeng Zhou, Dan Zhu, Esther Zimmermann, Julio Zuniga Cisneros

ELIFE 5 2016.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELIFE SCIENCES PUBLICATIONS LTD

Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.

DOI： 10.7554/eLife.13410